S1 TITAN, T
RACER
5, and CTX User Manual
030.0112.04.0
21 of 67
2. Radiation Safety
Description
This section describes the radiation profiles of the S1 TITAN, T
RACER
5, and CTX, X-ray warnings,
and safety recommendations.
Proper use
When the instrument
is used properly, X-ray radiation from instrument poses no harm to the user
or others. Use the instrument for only its intended use.
Each
instrument
A radiation profile is measured on each instrument before it leaves the factory.
Safe use
Safe use of any XRF device is based on the principles of:
Principle
Description
Time
Managing the amount of time during which X-rays are produced.
Distance
Keeping all parts of the user’s body as far away from the X-ray producing nose
as possible.
Pointing the analyzer away from others.
Keeping others away from the instrument during use.
Shielding
Ensuring that the instrument is mechanically intact and sound.
When measuring small samples that might allow X-ray radiation to escape,
use a benchtop or desktop stand and close the lid.
ALARA
Collectively, these practices are known as “As Low as Reasonably Achievable” (ALARA). Safe
practice is further discussed during user training. For more details, see the
Radiation Safety
Manual,
Bruker document 030.0011.
Occupational
limits
The following table lists the annual exposure limit.
Eye
Skin
Rem
15
50
Sieverts
0.15
0.5
2.1.
Radiation Profile – S1 TITAN
Testing
standards
The radiation profile reflects the radiological conditions during worst-case (high voltage, high
power) instrument operation.
To establish radiation profiles –
IEC 62495 (2011),
Nuclear instrumentation – Portable X-ray fluorescence analysis
equipment utilizing a miniature X-ray tube
was used as a guide.
The analyzer was set at the maximum voltage and current established for analysis, with a
standard material sample over the examination window.
Per the guide, measurement of stray radiation (leakage and scatter) was conducted at 10,
30, and 100 centimeter distances from the surface.
Additionally, the geometric size of the X-ray beam and the open beam radiation dose
equivalent rates were recorded at 0, 5, 10, 30, and 100 centimeters.
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