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CHAPTER 7: Interpreting Cable Test Results

Short

A pair with a

short

has a low-resistance connection from

one wire of the pair to the other wire of the pair, to any
other wire in the cable or the shield. If a short is
detected while testing with a remote, the FAIL icon will
be on. Flashing x’s will appear in the second line of pin
numbers in the appropriate pin position. Also, one or
more error message lines listing all the pins shorted
together will appear on the LCD. If a short is detected
while testing without a remote, only the error messages
are displayed. See Figure 7-3.

Figure 7-3. Short.

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Summary of Contents for TS560A

Page 1: ...1000 Park Drive Lawrence PA 15055 1018 724 746 5500 Fax 724 746 0746 Copyright 2003 Black Box Corporation All rights reserved ...

Page 2: ... toll free in the U S Call 877 877 BBOX outside U S call 724 746 5500 FREE technical support 24 hours a day 7 days a week Call 724 746 5500 or fax 724 746 0746 Mailing address Black Box Corporation 1000 Park Drive Lawrence PA 15055 1018 Web site www blackbox com E mail info blackbox com ...

Page 3: ......

Page 4: ... Hewlett Packard Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds Windows is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and or other countries Any other trademarks mentioned in this manual are acknowledged to be the property of the trademark owners ...

Page 5: ...ackage Includes 10 2 5 Features 12 2 6 Network Connectivity 13 3 Operation 14 3 1 To ID an Unknown Jack or Plug 14 3 2 To Test Cables Only 15 3 3 To Place Tone on a Cable 16 3 4 To Measure the Length of a Cable 16 3 5 To Locate an Ethernet Port 17 3 6 To PING Devices on a Network 18 3 7 To Validate a Cable Link by Functional Testing 19 3 8 To Change PING Addressing Mode 21 ...

Page 6: ...2 3 Cable Length 28 4 2 4 Tone Generator 29 4 3 Network Test Modes 29 4 3 1 Flash Link LED 29 4 3 2 PING Test 30 4 3 3 Validate Link 40 5 Setup Mode 42 5 1 Target Setup Sub Menu 42 5 2 PING Setup Sub Menu 44 5 3 Last DHCP 46 5 4 DHCP On Off 47 5 5 MAC Add 48 5 6 Units Feet Meters 48 6 Status and Error Messages for Network Test Modes 49 ...

Page 7: ...STER Contents continued Chapter Page 7 Interpreting Cable Test Results 55 8 Maintenance 61 8 1 Replacing the Battery 61 8 2 Resetting the Processor 62 9 Troubleshooting 63 9 1 Calling Black Box 63 9 2 Shipping and Packaging 64 ...

Page 8: ...d coax Minimum Cable Length for Testing for Split Pairs 3 ft 0 9 m Minimum Cable Length for Single Ended Cable Test 4 ft 1 2 m Length Measurement Range CAT5 or CAT6 Up to 1500 ft 457 2 m Temperature Tolerance Operating 32 to 122 F 0 to 50 C Storage 20 to 176 F 29 to 80 C Humidity 10 to 90 non condensing ...

Page 9: ... full capacity of the battery used continuously in one of the following modes Standby 2 5 years Cable Testing 50 hours no backlight 27 hours 50 backlight Network Testing 15 hours no backlight 14 hours 50 backlight Size 5 9 H x 2 9 W x 1 25 D 15 x 7 4 x 3 2 cm Weight 7 oz 199 g with battery ...

Page 10: ... you use the tester as a PING Packet INternet Grouper tester it lets you request an echo back from an addressed device called a target device usually a router The LAN Solution Network Tester uses this to verify IP Internet Protocol actually TCP IP connectivity between itself and another device The LAN Solution Network Tester has a backlit LCD and eight buttons The tester has eight test modes and a...

Page 11: ...resses and adjust values Sel Key The Select key is used to enter the displayed operating mode start a new test change the value of an option enter sub menus or move to the next screen depending on context Mode Key Press CABLE for cable modes press NTWRK for network modes or press the center both at once for SETUP mode Power Key Press PWR to turn on the tester Continuing to press PWR toggles the ba...

Page 12: ... damage the LAN Solution Network Tester s jack Inspect plugs for proper termination and crimping before inserting anything into the tester Plug contacts should always be recessed into the plastic grooves Do not use with standard 6 position plugs RJ 11 RJ 12 This might damage the tester Use the provided no fault green transparent plugs 6 position RJ cable which can be connected to a 6 or 8 position...

Page 13: ...A comes with the following items 1 LAN Solution Network Tester main unit in a Cordura case 1 9 volt transistor battery 1 Cable test remote 2 1 ft 0 3 m patch cables 2 RJ 45 to alligator clip cables 2 RJ 45 to F connector adapters 2 No fault RJ 12 cables This users manual ...

Page 14: ...n unit and 1 for the tone tracer 8 Cable test remotes 1 Tone tracer 2 1 ft 0 3 m patch cables 2 RJ 45 to alligator clip cables 2 RJ 45 to F connector adapters 2 No fault RJ 12 cables 1 Zippered Cordura case with space for everything that comes with the TS565A This users manual If anything is missing or damaged please contact Black Box at 724 746 5500 ...

Page 15: ...rs with a remote connected Results display in wiremap format with a message line for shorts and split pairs It also displays a PASS icon for T568A B passing cables and reports cable length Length measurement in feet or meters using cable capacitance method Tone Generator mode for use with tone tracers Flash Link LED mode sends tone while the LED blinks when finding a hub or switch port PING mode S...

Page 16: ...s IP address protocol and recognizes auto negotiation using fast link pulses to report advertised Ethernet capability The tester also supports a modified version of auto MDI MDI X to allow for connection to a hub switch or NIC with a straight through cable The tester uses 10BASE T for all network transmissions The vast majority of 100BASE T Fast Ethernet products support 10BASE T However if a hub ...

Page 17: ... after any test press and hold the PWR button until the display turns off All functions except the Tone Generator and the Flash Link LED shut down in 15 minutes The Flash Link LED shuts off after 30 minutes and the Tone Generator shuts off after 60 minutes When connecting to unknown jacks or cables begin with the power off and turn the tester on after the connection is made This ensures that the v...

Page 18: ...a known good cable 1 Connect one end of the cable run you want to test to the LAN Solution Network Tester Press the CABLE button repeatedly until Cable Test is displayed press the CABLE button twice if the unit was off Press the SEL button to enter Test mode 2 If the cable is connected while the tester is on a single ended test for shorts opens and split pairs will probably have already started Pr...

Page 19: ...to trace to the main unit Press the CABLE button to turn on the tester Press the CABLE button again until Tone Generator is displayed then press the SEL button 2 Press the SEL button until the desired tone is selected Use the up down arrow keys to select the pin or pair s to carry the tone 3 For the strongest signal do not connect the remote Since twisted pairs have a shielding effect the stronges...

Page 20: ... should be 50 ft 15 2 m or longer to minimize the resolution error Connect the known length of cable to the tester and change the cable constant using the up down arrows until the length reads correctly 3 5 To Locate an Ethernet Port 1 With the LAN Solution Network Tester powered off connect the tester to a jack or plug at the workstation location for which the Ethernet port is to be located 2 Pre...

Page 21: ... to run the Jack ID test first refer to Section 3 1 The PING function operates in two modes DHCP On and Off manual Select this in Setup by the DHCP On Off option To get to Setup press the SETUP button No other entries are required to establish communication with a router and a DNS server on a DHCP network To PING a specific target Tg1 4 you must enter the address and select the desired target addr...

Page 22: ... arrows to move the cursor next to a device acronym Press the SEL button to advance to the next screen or the screen will advance automatically after 10 seconds 3 7 To Validate a Cable Link by Functional Testing You can use two LAN Solution Network Testers to exercise a cable link without requiring additional equipment You can also do this through a hub or switch with or without any other equipmen...

Page 23: ... Generator will recognize the Validator and assign addressing 4 Connect the PING Generator to the other end of the link 5 On the PING Generator press the NTWRK button until PING Test is displayed Press the SEL button to begin 6 The target or router acronym will change to Val on the PING Generator when the Validator is found and addressing has been assigned The PING Generator operates and accumulat...

Page 24: ...CABLE and NTWRK buttons The Percent Battery Remaining screen will appear briefly 2 Press the down arrow button three times DHCP On or DHCP Off should be displayed 3 Press the SEL button to toggle between On and Off The displayed value is the current setting 4 Press the CABLE or NTWRK button to exit to a test or press and hold the PWR button to power off the tester ...

Page 25: ...the CABLE button the tester immediately starts executing the Jack ID test Pressing the NTWRK button causes the tester to go into Flash Link LED mode To turn the tester off after any test press and hold the PWR button until the display turns off All functions except the Tone Generator and the Flash Link LED shut down in 15 minutes The Flash Link LED shuts off after 30 minutes and the Tone Generator...

Page 26: ...le button above the PWR button The top button is labeled CABLE the bottom button is labeled NTWRK and the area bridging the two buttons is labeled SETUP Pressing a mode button will immediately end any currently running task and either begin executing the first task of a new category cable or network or display the next mode in the same category waiting for SEL to be pressed in order to begin the t...

Page 27: ...voltage is removed and the tester will shut itself off after the five minutes The exception to this behavior is in the network modes Flash Link LED PING Test and Validate Link When voltage is found in these modes the tester checks to see if it is Ethernet phantom power This is a voltage that is connected to the center taps of the Ethernet interface transformers of some network equipment to power r...

Page 28: ...is made The results of the test in progress at connection time are unreliable You should press the SEL button to terminate the current test and initiate a new test 4 2 1 JACK ID The Jack ID test identifies what equipment if any is connected to the other end of the jack or cable you are testing The test first looks for voltages present on the connector pins If voltages are found in typical phone lo...

Page 29: ...ed if the device connected is capable of auto MDI MDI X If no pulses are found but the pattern of termination of the cable is that of an inactive Ethernet device it will be displayed as such If the tester does not find any of the conditions described in this section it invokes the cable test as described in Section 4 2 2 displaying any single ended cable test full cable test or No I O or Cable res...

Page 30: ... displayed The ID icon will have a number directly below it indicating the remote ID number If no faults are found on the cable the length of the cable is displayed If it does not sense a remote the tester uses the length and cable test capability to measure a cable for shorts opens and split pairs single ended test and the pin number icons for the pairs being tested will appear on the LCD to indi...

Page 31: ... a 1 2 3 6 4 5 7 8 and auto select sequence The pair number is displayed next to the length except in auto select mode If a selected pair has a fault the fault replaces the length reading on the LCD In auto select mode the tester automatically selects a pair without a fault You can use the up down arrows to change the length constant If network termination patterns are found in the length mode the...

Page 32: ... driven are held at tester ground The LAN Solution Network Tester will automatically turn off in 30 minutes 4 3 Network Test Modes 4 3 1 FLASH LINK LED The Flash Link LED mode starts with the Voltage Check test see Section 4 1 then searches for link pulses on the tester s jack automatically configuring the interface to connect to a hub switch or NIC similar to auto MDI MDI X if one is found An aud...

Page 33: ...ING TEST When you use the tester as a PING Packet INternet Grouper tester it lets you request an echo back from an addressed device called a target device usually a router The LAN Solution Network Tester uses this to verify IP Internet Protocol actually TCP IP connectivity between itself and another device In the PING protocol an IP address must be selected to receive an echo request This address ...

Page 34: ...t address and inform the new device of several configuration details A DHCP server is not required on a LAN but if it does not exist all the devices on the LAN must be manually configured Much information can be provided by the DHCP server The LAN Solution Network Tester requests and uses an IP address for itself myIP the IP address of the DHCP server on the LAN the Netmask in use the IP address o...

Page 35: ... Solution Network Tester the Netmask is used to identify an IP address as being located either on the LAN local subnet or on the Internet and therefore accessed over the WAN In the PING test the LAN Solution Network Tester checks for voltages then searches for link pulses on its jack automatically configuring the interface to connect to a hub switch or NIC Once an active link is found the tester c...

Page 36: ...er gets a response from a server it displays the message Successful No manual configuration is required for the DHCP protocol to work If the tester continues to count requests the most likely problem is that a DHCP server is not available on the LAN In that case the tester must be manually configured For information on that mode see the DHCP Off Manual Mode section on the next page Once the DHCP s...

Page 37: ...d the tester will not continue into the PING state because using another device s IP address is not permissible on a LAN This condition shows that the DHCP server is misconfigured The tester will restart from this state automatically after one minute or it can be manually restarted to retry the test If multiple retries end up unsuccessful the tester must be manually configured and used in the DHCP...

Page 38: ...ed on the PC The value entered for MyIP must be similar but not identical to the PC s IP address The Netmask defines the addresses that must be common between the PC and the tester so they can communicate directly on the same LAN segment Use an IP address different by just a few low order digits in the low order byte of the IP address Once all the manual parameters are set up start the PING test b...

Page 39: ...yIP has been verified as available in either DHCP On or Off modes the next step is to enter the active PING conversation state The tester LCD displays the PING Status screen Tg1 4 unless disabled Rtr and DNS if DHCP On acronyms on the top line of the LCD Directly under the associated acronym the status of each PING conversation appears To select any of the conversations use the left right arrow bu...

Page 40: ...RP The tester sends out an ARP packet directed to the router and needs a response from the router informing the tester of the router s MAC address During this phase ARP will flash under the Rtr acronym If no response to the ARP request is received the tester will repeat the request at varying intervals 1 3 seconds No response to ARP can mean that the IP address assigned to the router is not correc...

Page 41: ...but the router is not answering Selecting the Rtr acronym and pressing SEL twice will show the present IP address for the router on the top line and the count of the X transmit and R receive packets If no PING response has been received the status is No PING Response Missing Receive packets can mean that the LAN or the router is busy or that there is some other problem on the LAN Pressing the SEL ...

Page 42: ...the target is remote and an ARP response has been received from the router the target PING packets are sent to the router The router in turn is expected to forward them on to the target If no response is returned from the target possible causes are the target cannot be reached due to network problems the target is not responsive or that the device that is active at the IP address selected for the ...

Page 43: ... CABLE NTWRK or PWR buttons In any of these cases the LAN Solution Network Tester will issue a DHCP release request to the DHCP server when in DHCP On mode This is preferable to simply disconnecting the cable to terminate the test because the address assigned to the tester will not be available for assignment to another device 4 3 3 VALIDATE LINK This mode allows two LAN Solution Network Testers t...

Page 44: ... IP address and respond to the ARP The PING Generator then starts to PING the IP address that the Validator has responded to The Validator responds to the PING but it modifies the packet instead of merely copying it so that the PING Generator can recognize when it is communicating with a Validator When the PING Generator recognizes the Validator s response it will change its PING status acronym di...

Page 45: ...eral sub menus that are accessed by pressing the SEL button when the sub menu title is displayed These are discussed in Sections 5 1 through 5 6 5 1 Target Setup In the PING protocol an IP address must be selected to receive an echo request This address is the target address for that PING While using the LAN Solution Network Tester you must select a target manually in Setup mode This target can be...

Page 46: ...et addresses or disable the target PING To exit this sub menu press SEL this takes the tester back to the sub menu title screen or press CABLE or NTWRK to enter a test mode Exiting this menu will leave the displayed target as the active one When one of the four targets is displayed on the screen press the SEL button to drop into the edit IP address screen for that target Edit the IP address by mov...

Page 47: ...ts are less than 55 You may have to enter the desired IP address from right to left to allow the low order digits to be set before the high order digit Any IP addresses can be entered for a target either on or off the LAN segment even reserved IP addresses can be entered To exit this sub menu press SEL this takes the tester back to the sub menu title screen or press CABLE or NTWRK to enter a test ...

Page 48: ...layed pressing the SEL button drops the tester into the edit IP address screen for that option NOTE The tester s IP address MyIP can only be set to non reserved IP addresses This is any address other than 0 0 0 0 or 224 255 x x x MyIP is edited in a similar fashion to the target IP addresses described on the previous pages The router IP address is also edited in a similar fashion to the target s I...

Page 49: ...ch the tester must redirect its IP packet to the router for forwarding Editing the Netmask is limited to setting valid bit combinations that allow for LAN segments with 5 to 253 possible devices 5 3 Last DHCP This sub menu allows you to view the results of the most recent DHCP negotiation between the LAN Solution Network Tester and a DHCP server The values displayed cannot be modified only viewed ...

Page 50: ...ng the SEL button The last displayed state is the selected state DHCP is a protocol negotiation used to automatically configure the IP parameters of the LAN Solution Network Tester on a specific LAN segment With DHCP On the next time the PING test is started the tester will request the IP parameters it needs for LAN communication from a DHCP server on that LAN segment If a response from a server i...

Page 51: ... Network Tester in the Validator mode the PING Generator LAN Solution Network Tester must be in DHCP Off manual mode 5 5 MAC Add This is a display of the factory set Media Access Control number for the specific LAN Solution Network Tester All Ethernet interfaced devices must have a universally unique identifier to be used as their address 5 6 Units Feet Meters This is a simple selection made with ...

Page 52: ... address they can use to PING each other DHCP Request In the PING test with DHCP On the LAN Solution Network Tester displays this message on the first line while it is trying to get the required information from a DHCP server The second line displays Attempt Count of DHCP requests sent out If this number continues to grow no response is being received Successful Shows for a short time after the se...

Page 53: ... Solution Network Tester assumes an active NIC configuration generating Link pulses on the 1 2 pair This allows another tester to be connected directly to it Link Found Status displayed while searching for Link pulses after an incoming signal has been detected Link Not Found Status displayed while searching for Link pulses and nothing has been detected Link Word Err The Link word captured by the L...

Page 54: ... hardware problem inside the tester NIC Rx Overrun The Ethernet interface chip used in the LAN Solution Network Tester provides internal buffering for multiple packets If new packets are received faster than they can be processed the Ethernet chip discards the new packets and sets the Overrun error flag The tester detects and reports this error This may be caused by excessive broadcast traffic on ...

Page 55: ...o the tester DHCP request but did not provide an IP address for MyIP Packet Rcv Err An Ethernet packet was received by the LAN Solution Network Tester with errors in the header or packet data This may be caused by excessive signal noise on the Ethernet cable or a hardware problem with the device transmitting to the tester PING Test Detailed Status Messages These messages may be displayed when the ...

Page 56: ...not responding to PING requests If the addressed device is on the LAN segment it may be powered off or not connected If the addressed device is remote it may be inaccessible because of WAN problems it may be powered off or the device at the router IP address may not be forwarding the PING packets No router IP The DHCP server did not provide an IP address for the router No Rtr Response The IP addre...

Page 57: ...structive power is found Voltages found will terminate the test in progress and the only option is to run the Jack ID test by pressing SEL The only exception to this is the possibility of an Ethernet power source providing power between the 1 2 and 3 6 pairs In that case the following message will be displayed Enet Pwr source found xV Some devices provide power for IP phones or wireless transceive...

Page 58: ... The FAIL icon will be on if there is any other condition See Figures 7 1 through 7 5 for examples of wiring errors Figure 7 1 T568 A PASS DEFINITION OF ERRORS The four types of faults listed in order of severity include opens shorts miswires and split pairs A more severe error can mask lower severity errors For example if there is a short in the cable miswires and split pairs may not be detected ...

Page 59: ...cable is broken See Figure 7 2 If an open is detected while testing with a remote the FAIL icon will be on The pin positions where the open is detected will be missing from the second line of pin numbers While testing without a remote these types of errors are not detectable Figure 7 2 Open ...

Page 60: ...e shield If a short is detected while testing with a remote the FAIL icon will be on Flashing x s will appear in the second line of pin numbers in the appropriate pin position Also one or more error message lines listing all the pins shorted together will appear on the LCD If a short is detected while testing without a remote only the error messages are displayed See Figure 7 3 Figure 7 3 Short ...

Page 61: ...tected while testing with a remote the wire map shows the pin numbers from line 1 main to line 2 remote A reverse pair is a special miswire situation in which the pair is wired to the correct pair of pins or to another designated pair of pins but the two leads are reversed While testing without a remote these types of errors are not detectable See Figure 7 4 Figure 7 4 Miswire ...

Page 62: ...ppens when the cable is terminated consistently at both ends but in the wrong order A dynamic or AC test is required to detect this type of error If the only error is a split pair error the cable has correct continuity If crosstalk is not a concern as in flat satin cable the cable is good If a split pair is detected while testing with a remote the pin numbers on the second line of the wire map wit...

Page 63: ...60 LAN SOLUTION NETWORK TESTER Figure 7 5 Split pair ...

Page 64: ...onnect any cables connected to the tester The Length and Single Ended test modes will be improperly calibrated if a cable is present when the battery is connected To replace the battery 1 Make sure that the tester is off 2 To remove the rubber battery cap press on the edge of the cap with the heel of your hand until the cap pops off 3 Pull the battery out of the cavity and remove the battery snap ...

Page 65: ...sor all user data will be lost 1 Turn on the tester in any mode 2 Remove the battery cap and disconnect the battery 3 Wait about 10 seconds and reattach the battery leads The Length screen will appear briefly then the tester will shut down NOTE When installing a new battery or resetting the processor disconnect any cables connected to the tester The Length and Single Ended test modes will be impro...

Page 66: ...rviceable parts Contact Black Box at 724 746 5500 Before you do make a record of the history of the problem We will be able to provide more efficient and accurate assistance if you have a complete description including the nature and duration of the problem when the problem occurs the components involved in the problem any particular application that when used appears to create the problem or make...

Page 67: ...N Solution Network Tester Package it carefully We recommend that you use the original container If you are shipping the LAN Solution Network Tester for repair make sure you include everything that came in the original package Before you ship contact Black Box to get a Return Authorization RA number ...

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