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FS1 Installation and Operation Manual —
Embedding
Refers to inserting a digital signal into the blank parts of another digital signal, such as
embedding digital audio into the horizontal blanking interval of a digital video signal.
Frame Rate
The rate at which frames are displayed per second. Frame rates are used in synchronizing
audio and pictures for video and film. In motion pictures and television, the frame rates are
standardized by SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Editors). SMPTE frame
rates of 24, 25 and 30 frames per second are very common, with a great number of others
also used. Frame rates have different applications and uses in different workflows. For
motion pictures 24 frames per second is common, while in standard definition television 30
frames per second is common in the US (NTSC). Higher frame rates produce smoother
motion but also create larger file storage requirements.
Frame Sync
A circuit that automatically adjusts video signal timing to match the timing of a reference
signal, such as the signal from a genlock circuit.
Genlock
A circuit that phase-locks to a reference video input and produces timing signals used by
other circuits, such as a frame sync, to lock video to the reference.
HDTV (High-
Definition
Television)
High Definition Television refers to the highest-resolution formats of the DTV formats.
Offering twice the vertical and horizontal picture resolution of standard definition, an HD
picture is much sharper. HDTV has a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9. HD formats 1080i and
720p both offer reduced motion artifacts like ghosting and dot crawl.
HD-SDI
Refers to a high definition signal provided on a serial digital connection.
High Definition
A video format consisting of either 720 active lines of progressive video or 1080 active lines,
using either progressive or interlaced scanning.
Interlaced
Scanning
A scanning method based on the visible screen showing every odd line at one scan of the
screen and the even lines in a second scan.
Keyer
A circuit that inserts one video signal into another. For example, a caption might be
inserted into background video.
Letterbox
Letterbox refers to the image of a wide-screen picture on a standard 4:3 aspect ratio screen.
Usually black bars are shown above and below the picture to fill the unused space. Letter-
boxing maintains the original aspect ratio of the source (often a film source of 16:9 aspect
ratio or wider).
Luminance
The brightness or black-and-white component of a color video signal. Luminance
determines the level of picture detail.
Processing
Amplifier (Proc
Amp)
A circuit that cleans up a video signal by correcting the signal gain, black level, hue, and
saturation to desired specifications.
Progressive
Scanning
Progressive scanning provides a picture made up of 720 or 1080 horizontal lines scanned
progressively in succession, within a vertical frame. The frame repeats 30 times a second.
