Vilter VSM 71-701, Руководство по эксплуатации и обслуживанию

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Page 6 / BULLETIN 10-11
If in doubt about the correct superheat setting for a particular system,
consult the equipment manufacturer. As a general rule, the proper
superheat setting will depend on the amount of temperature differ-
ence
(TD) between refrigerant temperature and the temperature of the
air or other substance being cooled. Where high TD’s exist, such as
on air conditioning applications, the superheat setting can be made as
high as 15°F without noticeable loss in evaporator capacity. Where
low
TD’s
exist, such as in low temperature blower coil applications,
a superheat setting of 10°F or below is usually recommended for
maximum evaporator capacity. It is these applications that the TEV
will more than likely need to be adjusted.
For the correct valve setting on factory built equipment, manufac-
turers’ recommendations should be followed. Some manufacturers
specify the superheat directly; others may recommend valve adjust-
ment to a given suction pressure at certain operating conditions, or
until a certain frost line is observed. Such recommendations, however
they are stated, represent the results of extensive laboratory testing to
determine the best possible operation.
Field Servicing
The TEV is erroneously considered by some to be a mysterious and
complex device. As a result, many valves are needlessly replaced
when the cause of the system malfunction is not immediately
recognized.
Actually the TEV performs only one very simple function – it keeps
the evaporator supplied with enough refrigerant to satisfy
all load conditions
. It is not a temperature control, suction
pressure control, a control to vary the compressor’s running time, or
a humidity control.
How effective the valve performs is easily determined by measuring
the superheat as outlined in Figure 8. Observing the frost on the
suction line, or considering only the suction pressure may be
misleading.
Checking the superheat is the first step in a
simple and systematic analysis of TEV performance.
■ If not enough refrigerant is being fed to the evaporator—
the superheat will be high.
■ If too much refrigerant is being fed to the evaporator —
the superheat will be low.
Although these symptoms may be attributed to improper TEV
control, more frequently the origin of the trouble lies elsewhere.
Note: TEVs with permanent bleed ports (BP) or Rapid Pressure
Balancer
(RPB)
construction are applied on many air conditioning
and refrigeration systems by original equipment manufacturers. Each
application is tested and approved by the manufacturer. The primary
function of these devices is to equalize high-to-low side pressures
during the off cycle on systems equipped with low starting torque
compressors.
However, some BP type valves are applied to allow small amounts of
liquid refrigerant to pass for compressor motor cooling. The specific
function of the feature on a given unit must be determined from the
system manufacturer. Once that is determined, it is easier to
troubleshoot the system.
The primary cause of difficulty with either the BP or RPB feature is
dirt and other foreign materials that restrict or plug them. And if the
system purpose intended for either feature is not being satisfied, the
valve probably needs cleaning or replacing.
As stated in Bulletin 10-9, the RPB type valve is not to be applied on
systems using high starting torque compressors or “hard-start”
electrical components, on outdoor coils of heat pumps, or on any
refrigeration system, and it should
not be used to replace BP type
valves that are applied on those types of systems. On systems other
than those described above, the RPB type valve can replace the BP
type valve when necessary. Usually it is advisable to replace a valve
with one of the same specification unless advised differently. Consult
with the system manufacturer for assistance.
Complaint "A"
“Valve does not feed enough refrigerant.”
SYMPTOMS:
■ Load temperature (air or water leaving
evaporator) too high.
■ Superheat too high.
■ Suction pressure lower than normal with
compressor unloaders locked out or hot gas
bypass shut off.*
THE CAUSE MAY BE:
1. Moisture
— Water or a mixture of water and oil frozen in the
valve port or working parts of the valve will prevent proper
operation. This is a common source of trouble on expansion
valves. Since the valve is the first cold spot in the system,
moisture will freeze and block the valve open, closed, or any
position in between. If the valve is frozen in the intermediate
position so that flow is restricted, the superheat will be high.
Remedy
— Install a Sporlan Catch-All Filter-Drier in the
liquid line for removal of moisture from the refrigerant and oil.
See Bulletin 40-10.
To determine a safe level of moisture in the system, install a
Sporlan See•All Moisture and Liquid Indicator. See Bulletin
70-10.
Excessive moisture has a damaging effect on all
system components regardless of the evaporating
temperature. Moisture must be removed for trouble-
free performance.
2. Dirt or foreign material
— Contaminants such as copper
oxide scale, metal chips, oil breakdown sludge, etc. will restrict
the flow of refrigerant when it collects in strainers or other liquid
line accessories. This produces a shortage of refrigerant at the
TEV port. Conventional strainers frequently allow the material
to pass through the screen and obstruct the flow at the valve
port. If a See•All is installed downstream of the restriction,
bubbles will be visible. This should not be confused, however,
with a refrigerant shortage or excessive liquid line pressure loss
which are also indicated by bubbles in the See•All.
Remedy — Locate and remove the foreign material creating
the restriction. Install a Sporlan Catch-All Filter-Drier to
provide effective filtration of the refrigerant. See Bulletin 40-10.
*
When system has some form of capacity reduction — cylinder unloaders or hot gas bypass, a low suction pressure will not exist. Therefore, when checking TEV
performance, a better analysis is possible when these devices are locked out or shut off so the suction pressure will respond to variations in load or valve feed.