VDL Futura FHD2 E6, Руководство по ремонту

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Futura FHD2/FMD2 E6
LIQUID AND LUBRICANT GUIDELINES
General guidelines
1 - 2
4
DD1020_01
1.3 BIODIESEL
All MX11 and MX-13 Euro 6 engines:
Only diesel which has been officially manufactured or mix-
tures with an alternative fuel containing no more than 7%
biodiesel, in accordance with EN590, are permitted.
Biodiesel (FAME) is a fuel that is produced with the aid of
agricultural products, such as rape oil, soyabean oil, sugar
beet, sunflower oil and palm oil. Rape Methyl Ester (RME) ,
Soyabean Methyl Ester (SME) and Palm Methyl Ester (PME)
are used on a large scale. Together, they are known as Fatty
Acid Methyl Esters (FAME).
The fatty oils are chemically modified since they particularly
react with methanol (esterification), where the long triclycer-
ine molecules are split into shorter fatty acid methylester mol-
ecules, with the result being a product that is generally
similar to diesel with glycerine as a waste product.
Biodiesel properties
The advantages include:
• Biodiesel does not contain sulphur or aromatics, so the
exhaust emissions generally contain less particulate mat-
ter.
• Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-poisonous. However, if
biodiesel is mixed with normal diesel, it practically
becomes non-biodegradable.
The disadvantages include:
• Biodiesel is unstable and degrades (at higher tempera-
tures).
• Poor cold starts at low ambient temperatures.
• Lower vaporization effect when heated, which has a nega-
tive effect on the oil changing interval.
• Higher NOx levels are produced when burning biodiesel as
a result of the high oxygen content – biodiesel has a lower
volumetric energy density than diesel, which results in a
higher fuel consumption (approx. 10%) and a loss of power
(6 – 8%).
• Biodiesel is hygroscopic, which leads to the absorption of
water during storage. Bacteria and fungi grow at the inter-
face between water and biodiesel, which leads to the cor-
rosion of components of the fuel injection system and
blocked filters.
• Biodiesel is a solvent and can damage paint and elastom-
ers.
• Biodiesel has a high solidification point – phosphorus,
sodium and potassium can harm the catalytic converter in
the SCR system.
• More maintenance.
Storage and use of fuel
• Users are reminded that fuel standards are only applicable
until the time of delivery via the distribution network. After
this time, it is the user's responsibility to protect the fuel
against contamination with water and dirt during storage in
storage tanks, in supply systems and during use in the
vehicle, so that engines meet the performance, emission