
2: General Description
6
UPS725-02-02 PowerWave 1000 (4.5 - 10 kVA) User Manual UK Dated 13/03/15
2.3.1 UPS Internal operation
Figure 2.1 UPS Functional block diagram
EMI Filters
The UPS has an input and output EMI filter to reduce the effects of any electromagnetic noise generated by the UPS – i.e.
reduces external radio interference.
Battery charger
A multi-stage battery charger is powered from the utility mains input supply and charges the battery whenever the input
supply is available. The charger uses an intelligent charging profile to obtain the best battery charge/discharge
performance and thereby optimise the battery life.
AC/DC Converter
As its name suggests, the AC/DC Converter converts the utility mains input into a controlled DC power supply that is
suitable for use by the inverter. The converter uses leading-edge switched-mode techniques which produces an input
power factor of almost unity over its operating range (0.99 at full rated linear load) and thereby maximises the UPS input
efficiency. The converter can satisfy the inverter DC power demands over a utility input voltage range of between
160V~288V, which means that the battery is not called upon even during substantial power dips (brownouts), once again
maximising battery life and availability.
DC/DC Boost converter
In times of utility mains failure, the AC/DC converter shuts down and it is no longer able to power the inverter. Under these
circumstances, the inverter input power is provided by the battery via the DC/DC boost converter, which now turns on to
increase the battery voltage to the level that required by the inverter to continue its normal operation. The DC/DC
converter provides a regulated DC output as the battery voltage decays during battery discharge, and includes voltage
and current monitoring, and overload protection.
DC/AC Inverter
The inverter converts the DC input voltage connected to its input (from either the utility mains supply via the AC/DC
converter, or from the battery via the DC/DC converter) into a regulated AC output voltage suitable to power the connected
load equipment. The control logic associated with this power block is substantial, and in addition to the output voltage
regulation, it provides various levels of overload protection, frequency regulation and synchronisation, and output voltage
error detection.
Static switch
The static switch provides a means of connecting the UPS AC output (load supply) to either the inverter or to a static
bypass line, which is connected directly to the raw utility mains supply. The control logic within this power block will
transfer the load to the bypass supply in the event of overload or UPS (inverter) malfunction. Note that a controlled (no-
break) transfer can take place only if the inverter output frequency and the static bypass line frequency are fully
synchronised.
EM
I
EM
I
AC/DC (PFC)
CONVERTER
DC/AC
INVERTER
STATIC
SWITCH
BATTERY
CHARGER
BATTERY
DC/DC BOOST
CONVERTER
Utility
Mains
Input
UPS AC
Output
Static Bypass Line
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