100
KP-32 User Manual
Bosch Security Systems, Inc.
User Manual
F.01U.193.253
Rev. 16
IP Address
(Internet Protocol
Address)
An IP Address is an identifier or numerical name for a computer or device on a network. Data
between computers are routed over the network using these addresses to identify the
computer the message being sent to and the computer the message is being set from.
The format of an IP Address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by
periods. For example, an IP Address looks like 10.100.1.1.
IMPORTANT:
When working within an isolated network (meaning there is no
Internet access), IP Addresses can be assigned at random just as long
as they are unique to each computer and device. When the isolated
network is connected to the INternet, registered Internet Addresses
must be obtained. This is to prevent duplication of addresses.
The four numbers in an IP Address are used in different ways to identify a particular network
and host on the network. There are three (3) classes of Internet Addresses:
CLASS A: supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.
CLASS B: supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.
CLASS C: supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.
LAN
A LAN is a computer network that connects a relatively small area (a single building or group
of buildings). Most LANs connect work stations and computers to each other. Each computer
(also known as a “node”) has its own processing unit and executes its own programs;
however, it can also access data and devices anywhere on the LAN. This means that many
users can access and share the same information and devices. A good example of a LAN
device is a network printer. Most companies cannot afford the budgetary or hardware expense
of providing printers for each of its users; therefore, one printer, (i.e., device) is placed on the
LAN where every user can access the same printer.
The LAN uses IP addresses to route data to different destinations on the network. An IP
address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods (for
example, 1.160.10.240).
Port
A port, when referring to TCP and UDP network, is an endpoint in a logical connection. The
port number identifies the type of port it is. For example, port 80 is used for HTTP traffic.
Routers
A router is a device that forwards data packets over networks. Most commonly, a router is
connected to at least two (2) networks (normally LANs or WANs). Routers are located at
gateways, the place where two networks are connected. Routers do little data filtering, they
mainly deliver the data.
Subnet
A subnet is a portion of a network that shares a common address component. On a TCP/IP
network, a subnet is described as all computers or devices whose IP Address have the same
prefix.
Subnetting a network is useful because it provides security for the network, as well as,
increases performance of the network. IP networks are divided using subnet masks.
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