This document is printed from SPI². Not for RESALE
SEBU8311-02
53
Maintenance Section
Re
fi
ll Capacities
Density
Density is the mass of the fuel per unit volume
at a speci
fi
c temperature. This parameter has a
direct in
fl
uence on engine performance and a direct
in
fl
uence on emissions. This determines the heat
output from a given injected volume of fuel. This
is generally quoted in the following kg/m at 15 °C
(59 °F).
Perkins recommends a value of density of 841 kg/m
in order to obtain the correct power output. Lighter
fuels are acceptable but these fuels will not produce
the rated power.
Sulfur
The level of sulfur is governed by emissions
legislations. Regional regulation, national regulations
or international regulations can require a fuel with
a speci
fi
c sulfur limit. The sulfur content of the fuel
and the fuel quality must comply with all existing local
regulations for emissions.
Tables 37 and 38 list the guidelines for the correct
sulfur level for speci
fi
c territories. Consult all
applicable regulations before selecting the fuel for a
given engine application.
Table 37
Territory
Fuel Requirements from 2007
EPA
Low Sulfur (500 ppm) maximum
Sulfur/
Power
Low sulfur
(300 ppm)
maximum
for less than
or equal to
19 kW
Sulphur
(1000 ppm)
maximum
for greater
than 19 kW
EC
Models
402D-05
and
403D-07
403D-11,
403D-15,
403D-15T,
403D-17,
404D-15.
404D-22,
404D-22T
and
404D-22TA
Non-
Regulated
Territories
Sulfur limit of less than 4000 ppm
Table 38
Territory
Fuel Requirements from 2010
EPA
Ultra Low Sulfur (15 ppm) maximum
Sulfur/
Power
Ultra Low
sulphur
(10 ppm)
maximum
for less than
or equal to
37 kW
Low sulphur
(300 ppm)
maximum
for greater
than 37 kW
EC
Models
402D-05,
403D-07,
403D-11,
403D-15,
403D-15T,
403D-17,
404D-15
404D-22,
404D-22T
and
404D-22TA
Non
Regulated
Territories
Sulfur limit of less than 4000 ppm
By using the test methods “ASTM D5453, ASTM
D2622, or ISO 20846 ISO 20884”, the content of
sulfur in low sulfur diesel (LSD) fuel must be below
500 PPM 0.05%. By using the test methods “ASTM
D5453, ASTM D2622, or ISO 20846 ISO 20884”,
the content of sulfur in ultra low sulfur (ULSD) fuel
must be below 15 PPM 0.0015%. The lubricity of
these fuels must not exceed wear scar diameter of
0.46 mm (0.0181 inch). The fuel lubricity test must be
performed on a HFRR, operated at 60 °C (140 °F).
Refer to “ISO 12156-1 ”.
In some parts of the world and for some applications,
high sulfur fuels above 0.5% by mass might only
be available. Fuel with very high sulfur content
can cause engine wear. High sulfur fuel will have
a negative impact on emissions of particulates.
High sulfur fuel can be used provided that the local
emissions legislation will allow the use. High sulfur
fuel can be used in countries that do not regulate
emissions.
When only high sulfur fuels are available, it will
be necessary that high alkaline lubricating oil is
used in the engine or that the lubricating oil change
interval is reduced. Refer to this Operation and
Maintenance Manual, “Fliud Recommendations
(Genernal Lubrication Information)” for information
on sulfur in fuel.