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Requirements from Regulations and Standards
ZX-GT User’s Manual
5
APPENDICES
153
Definitions of Laser Classification
For Europe
Laser Product Classifications
EN
Note: Conditions for safe viewing of diffuse reflections for Class 3B visible lasers are: minimum viewing distance of
13 cm between screen and cornea and a maximum viewing time of 10 s. Other viewing conditions require a
comparison of the diffuse reflection exposure with the MPE.
For U. S. A
Comparison of Classifications between FDA and ANSI
Class Description
Class 1 Safe under reasonably foreseeable conditions
Class 1M As for Class 1 except may be hazardous if user employs optics
Class 2 Low power; eye protection normally afforded by aversion responses
Class 2M As for Class 2 except may be more hazardous if user employs optics
Class 3R Direct intrabeam viewing may be hazardous
Class 3B Direct intrabeam viewing normally hazardous
Class 4 High power; diffuse reflections may be hazardous
Class FDA definition ANSI description
Class I/1 Limits applicable to devices that have
emissions in the ultraviolet, visible, and
infrared spectra, and limits below which
biological hazards have not been established.
A Class 1 laser is considered to be incapable
of producing damaging radiation levels
during operation and maintenance and is,
therefore, exempt from any control measures
or other forms of surveillance.
Class IIa/2a Limits applicable to products whose visible
emission does not exceed Class I limits for
emission durations of 1,000 seconds or less
and are not intended for viewing.
Class 2 lasers are divided into two
subclasses, 2 and 2a. A Class 2 laser emits
in the visible portion of the spectrum (0.4 to
0.7 µm) and eye protection is normally
afforded by the aversion response including
the blink reflex.
Class II/2 Limits applicable to products that have
emissions in the visible spectrum (400 to
710 nm) for emission durations in excess of 0.25
second, providing that emissions for other
durations and/or wavelengths do not exceed the
Class I limits. Class II products are considered
hazardous for direct long-term ocular exposure.
Class IIIa/3a Limits to products that have emissions in the
visible spectrum and that have beams where
the total collectable radiant power does not
exceed 5 milliwatts.
Class 3 lasers are divided into two
subclasses, 3a and 3b. A Class 3 laser may
be hazardous under direct and specular
reflection viewing conditions, but the diffuse
reflection is usually not a hazard.
Class IIIb/3b Limits applicable to devices that emit in the
ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectra. Class
IIIb products include laser systems ranging from
5 to 500 milliwatts in the visible spectrum. Class
IIIb emission levels are ocular hazards for direct
exposure throughout the range of the Class, and
skin hazards at the higher levels of the Class.
Class IV/4 Exceeding the limits of Class IIIb and are a
hazard for scattered reflection as well as for
direct exposure.
A Class 4 laser is a hazard to the eye or skin
from the direct beam and sometimes from a
diffuse reflection and also can be a fire
hazard. Class 4 lasers may also produce
laser-generated air contaminants and
hazardous plasma radiation.
zx_gt.book Page 153 Wednesday, May 30, 2007 3:29 PM