Korg PA1X, Руководство пользователя

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MIDI
What is MIDI?
What is MIDI?
Here is a brief overview of MIDI, as related to the Pa1X. If inter-
ested, you may find more information on the general use of
MIDI in the various specialized magazines and dedicated books.
In general
MIDI stands for Musical Instruments Digital Interface. This
interface lets you connect two musical instruments, or a com-
puter and various musical instruments.
Physically, MIDI is composed of three different connectors. The
MIDI IN receives data from another device; the MIDI OUT
sends data to another device; the MIDI THRU sends to another
device exactly what was received on the MIDI IN (this is useful
to daisy-chain more instruments).
On the Pa1X there are two separate sets of MIDI ports, labeled
IN A, OUT A, IN B, OUT B. Each OUT port may work as a
THRU port, depending on the status of the “MIDI A Out/Thru
Mode” and “MIDI B Out/Thru Mode” parameters in the Global
mode (see page 237).
Channels and messages
Basically, a MIDI cable transmits 16 channels of data. Think to
each MIDI channel as a TV channel: the receiver must be set on
the same channel of the transmitter. The same happens with
MIDI messages: when you send a Note On message on channel
1, it will be received on channel 1 only. This allows for multitim-
bricity: you can have more than one sound playing on the same
MIDI instrument.
There are various messages, but here are the most commonly
used:
Note On – This message instructs an instrument to play a note
on a specific channel. Notes have both a name (C4 standing for
the center C) and a number (60 being the equivalent for C4). A
Note Off message is often used to say the note has been released.
In some case, a Note On with value “0” is used instead.
Together with the Note On message, a Velocity value is always
sent. This value tells the instrument how loud the note must
play.
After Touch – This message is generated by pressing on the key-
board, after the note has been struck. It usually activates vibrato,
or other sound parameters.
Pitch Bend (PB) – You can generate this message acting on the
joystick (X direction). The pitch is translated up or down.
Program Change (PC) – When you select a Sound, a Program
Change message is generated on the channel. Use this message,
together with Control Change 00 and 32, to remotely select Pa1X
data from a sequencer or a master keyboard.
Control Change (CC) – This is a wide array of messages, con-
trolling most of the instrument parameters. Some examples:
• CC00, or Bank Select MSB, and CC32, or Bank Select LSB.
This message pair is used to select a Sound Bank. Together
with the Program Change message, they are used to select a
Sound.
• CC01, or Modulation. This is the equivalent of pressing up
the joystick. A vibrato effect is usually triggered on.
• CC07, or Master Volume. Use this controller to set the
channel’s volume.
• CC10, or Pan. This one sets the channel’s position on the
stereo front.
• CC11, or Expression. Use this controller to set the relative
volume of tracks, with the maximum value matching the
current setting of the CC07 control.
• CC64, or Damper Pedal. Use this controller to simulate the
Damper pedal.
Tempo
Tempo is a global MIDI message, that is not tied to a particular
channel. Each Song includes Tempo data.
Lyrics
Lyrics are non-standard MIDI events, made to display text
together with the music. Pa1X can read many of the available
Lyrics format on the market.
Standard MIDI Files
Midifiles, or Standard MIDI Files (a.k.a. SMF), are a practical
way of exchanging songs between different instruments and
computers. Pa1X uses the SMF format as its default song format,
so reading a song from a computer, or saving a song that a com-
puter software can read, is not a problem at all.
The Pa1X sequencers are compatible with the SMF in format 0
(all data in one track; it is the most common format) and 1
(multitrack). It can read the SMF in Song Play mode and mod-
ify/save them in Sequencer mode. It can save a song in SMF 0
format in the Sequencer mode.
When in Song Play mode, the Pa1X can also display SMF lyrics
in Solton, M-Live (Midisoft), Tune1000, Edirol, GMX, HitBit,
and XF formats, and the chord abbreviations of SMF in Solton,
M-live (Midisoft), GMX, and XF format.
Note: The above trademarks are the property of their respective
holders. No endorsement is intended by inclusion in this list.
Standard MIDI Files usually have the “.MID” or “.KAR” filename
extension.
MIDI