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PBZ
7
Four-quadrant operation and power
In four-quadrant operation, power is handled differently in
each quadrant. This section explains the “Power waveform”
figure on the left page.
Section ab is in the second quadrant, so the voltage is positive
and the current is negative. Therefore, the power is negative.
Hence, power is returned from the load to the power supply.
Section bcd is in the first quadrant, so the both the voltage and
the current are positive. Therefore, the power is positive.
Hence, power is consumed by the load.
Section df is in the fourth quadrant, so the power is negative.
Section fga is in the third quadrant, so power is positive
(negative voltage

negative current). The difference between
the positive and negative power is the power that is consumed
by the load.
Bipolar Amplifiers
Bipolar amplifiers use external signal sources in place of
internal signal sources. You can set the amplification of the
amplifier and whether the input signal is inverted or not. You
can add the internal signal source that you specify from the
panel.
(First- and second-quadrant operation)
Unipolar mode is a characteristic feature of the PBZ. Voltage
of a single polarity is generated, so this mode is called
unipolar mode. The difference with a unipolar power supply is
that, in this mode, you can make the current flow from the
output voltage’s positive terminal to the negative terminal or in
the opposite direction (the current is bidirectional).
To make the PBZ operate in the third and fourth quadrants,
you must reverse the connection between the OUTPUT
terminal and the load, so that the voltage polarity is reversed.
The operation of the PBZ in unipolar mode is shown on a
graph of voltage (vertical axis) versus current (horizontal axis).
First-quadrant operation is where positive current flows, and
second-quadrant operation is where negative current flows.
The following figures show examples of the PBZ operation in
unipolar mode.
EXT SELECT
• BNC
EXT SIG IN
To amplifier
EXT GAIN
External signal
source
Internal signal source
Unipolar mode
2 1
First quadrant Second quadrant
t
0
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
t
0
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
V
V
I
-I
I
-I
a
b
c
d
f
g
a
b
c
d f g
a
b
c
d
f
g