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Operating and Maintenance Instructions –

107

Table 15: Wavelengths of Absorption Lines for

Acetylene Cell

Peak

Wavelength

(nm)

Wavelength

Reading (nm)

Difference

within ±0.003

nm?

Peak

Wavelength

(nm)

Wavelength

Reading (nm)

Difference

within ±0.003

nm?

R 24

P 1

1533.8180

1522.3320

1534.3499

1522.7226

1534.8872

1523.1191

1535.4298

1523.5213

1535.9779

1523.9293

1536.5316

1524.3431

1537.0909

1524.7626

1537.6559

1525.1880

1538.2267

1525.6190

1538.8032

1526.0558

1539.3855

1526.4984

1539.9735

1526.9467

1540.5674

1527.4007

1541.1670

1527.8604

1541.7724

1528.3259

1542.3837

1528.7972

1543.0008

1529.2740

1543.6237

1529.7566

1544.2525

1530.2449

1544.8872

1530.7389

1545.5278

1531.2385

1546.1742

1531.7436

1546.8266

1532.2541

1547.4849

1532.7701

1548.1491

1548.8193

1549.4954

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Содержание SWS15100

Страница 1: ...erutilized and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade ins Custom engineering so your equipment works exactly as you specify Critical and expedited services Leasing Rentals Demos In st...

Страница 2: ...EPT WAVELENGTH SYSTEMS User s Manual ATTENTION For the JDS Uniphase End User License Agreement see the eleventh page of this manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 S...

Страница 3: ...Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 4: ...Information 9 Transmitter and Cabinet 11 Receiver 11 Data Acquisition Board 12 Software 12 User Supplied Computer 12 Key Features 12 Applications 12 Standard Accessories 13 Optional Components and Ac...

Страница 5: ...Channel Receiver 41 Installing the Data Acquisition Board 41 Installing the Software 43 Minimum Hardware Requirements 43 Testing the SWS Components 51 Testing the Receiver 51 Testing the Parallel Por...

Страница 6: ...Loss 92 Measuring Polarization Dependent Loss 93 Interpreting PDL Data 94 Characterizing Specific Devices 94 Single Output Devices 94 Acquiring Zero Loss Reference for a Device 95 Measuring Insertion...

Страница 7: ...Functions 125 Polarization Dependent Loss Functions 126 Choosing between C and L Band 126 Analytical Functions 127 Miscellaneous Functions 128 Finishing Your SWS Session 128 Interface Descriptions 12...

Страница 8: ...ommands 173 Parameter Types 174 Programming the Source Optics Module 175 SCPI Command Tree 175 SCPI Common Commands 177 SCPI Status Commands 180 User Commands 182 Reference 189 Troubleshooting 189 Tro...

Страница 9: ...or Switch Module DBSSM 32 Figure 9 DIP switch settings 33 Figure 10 Starting the SWS Setup Test Wizard 34 Figure 11 SWS Test and Setup Wizard 35 Figure 12 Black DIP switches on older versions of chass...

Страница 10: ...ion on the SOM 63 Figure 51 SOM Status Display 64 Figure 52 Components of SWS15100 Software 64 Figure 53 SWS15100 Main Program Window 65 Figure 54 File Menu 66 Figure 55 Dialog Box to Save Data Set 67...

Страница 11: ...cessing 164 Figure 98 Zero Loss Data in Insertion Loss Mode 165 Figure 99 Acquire Trace 166 Figure 100 Get Insertion Loss 167 Figure 101 Process Insertion Loss Trace 168 Figure 102 PDL Mode Processing...

Страница 12: ...s available seven days a week 24 hours a day SWS Hotline in North America 1 800 367 7029 JDS Uniphase International Technical Support 1 613 727 1304 extension 4999 E mail non emergency support ca jdsu...

Страница 13: ...Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 14: ...o copies you transfer all of the SOFTWARE including all components parts the media and printed materials you transfer JDS Uniphase supplied hardware and the recipient agrees to the terms of this EULA...

Страница 15: ...ou and supersedes all prior oral and written communications All amendments shall be in writing and signed by authorized representatives of both parties 8 2 If any provision of this Agreement is held t...

Страница 16: ...s DUT Device under test DWDM Dense wavelength division multiplexer ECP Extended capability port parallel printer EEPROM Electrically erasable programmable read only memory EIA Electrical Industries As...

Страница 17: ...taining PMD Polarization mode dispersion PPI Parallel port interface RAM Random access memory RMA Return material authorization SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SOM Source Optics Mo...

Страница 18: ...f Crosstalk describes the levels of the signal attributed to leakage of optical power into undesired wavelength ranges and compared to the performance of a DUT within its working region Custom or ITU...

Страница 19: ...e buttons The left button is the Minimize button to minimize the window as an icon the middle button is the Restore or Maximize button to toggle between the custom sized window and the screen size win...

Страница 20: ...e points If a unit is installed in a cabinet the operator must be able to disconnect the unit from the line power by the system s line power switch Line Power Requirements The equipment can operate fr...

Страница 21: ...s specified in the Getting Started section Ensure that the equipment and any devices or cords connected to it are properly grounded Operating the Unit Warning To avoid the risk of injury or death alwa...

Страница 22: ...installed system Operating the unit in the presence of flammable gases or fumes is extremely hazardous Do not perform any operating or maintenance procedure that is not described in the user s manual...

Страница 23: ...of ambient level of interference that the equipment be protected against electrostatic discharges and that the equipment be immune to all electrical shock wave disturbances As of 1997 measures have be...

Страница 24: ...acterization of a device over a range of 30 nm with 0 1 nm resolution required 300 measurements and took three or four hours to complete The Swept Wavelength System determines wavelength characteristi...

Страница 25: ...efine frequency bands within which the SWS software computes relevant parameters including center wavelength passband bandwidth crosstalk and flatness In PDL mode the SWS software also computes the av...

Страница 26: ...devices that can be tested The receiver chassis communicates with the user supplied computer through the parallel port A data acquisition board available as an option can replace the parallel interfa...

Страница 27: ...lot for superimposition on an existing plot is possible The software has a graphical user interface GUI that enables the selection of various data processing options analysis functions and display and...

Страница 28: ...tion cable ED006406 F 00 Software distribution kit J FAFP B 001 J1 FC APC FC PC jumper 1 m from receiver control module to DUT J FAFP B 010 J1 FC APC FC PC jumper 10 m from receiver to source optics m...

Страница 29: ...nal detector channels for receiver for either C or L band system ED006412 A 00 One output module for the source optics module ED006412 A 01 Two output module for the source optics module ED006412 A 02...

Страница 30: ...able 1 m J FASP B 001 FC APC to ST PC jumper cable 1 m J FASC B 001 FC APC to SC PC jumper cable 1 m J FASU B 001 FC APC to SC APC jumper cable 1 m Specifications The optical specifications describe t...

Страница 31: ...controller 25 5 C 20 dBm input to DUT 0 1 dB 0 to 10 dB 0 15 dB 10 to 20 dB 0 2 dB 20 to 30 dB 0 25 dB 30 to 45 dB Loss measurement resolution 0 01 dB Loss measurement repeatability 0 03 dB 15 dBm inp...

Страница 32: ...rint Windows 95 NT standard printer Transmitter control Front panel GPIB or RS232 1 Siecor is a registered trademark of Siecor Brands Inc 2 SMF 28 is a registered trademark of Corning Incorporated 3 W...

Страница 33: ...L band 1540 to1630 nm Absolute wavelength accuracy 0 2 nm Tuning accuracy on the mode hop free range 0 02 nm Tuning repeatability on the mode hop free range 0 005 nm Wavelength setting resolution 0 0...

Страница 34: ...rear and 1 cm bottom required Environmental Operating temperature 15 to 30 C Table 9 outlines the specifications of the transmitter cabinet Table 9 Transmitter Cabinet Specifications Electrical Maximu...

Страница 35: ...ng handles 48 3 x 13 3 x 46 cm 48 3 cm or 19 in subrack 3 U high in accordance with EIA 310 D allow 10 cm front clearance and 8 cm rear clearance Control and detector module dimensions W x H x D 4 0 x...

Страница 36: ...limatize the tunable laser source for one to two hours after removing it from the shipping carton Allow an additional hour of warm up after the unit has been cycled and left on Always use the key to p...

Страница 37: ...ide the unit Ventilation Do not install the equipment in any location where the ventilation is blocked For optimum performance of the fan the source optics module transmitter cabinet and receiver chas...

Страница 38: ...nt of claimed defects must be included with the return material Ship return material in the original shipping container and packing material If these are not available typical packaging guidelines are...

Страница 39: ...propyl alcohol or optical grade 200 ethanol do not use rubbing alcohol which contains 30 water To clean the connectors 1 Blow the sleeve with filtered compressed air Figure 2 Figure 2 Connector Cleani...

Страница 40: ...and tunable laser source in the transmitter cabinet which comes fully assembled Source Optics Module The source optics module box contains the following items SWS15102 or SWS16102 source optics modul...

Страница 41: ...al Figure 3 Transmitter Unit Front Setup Figure 4 Transmitter Unit Rear Setup The source optics module comes with standard FC PC universal connectors Do not interchange them with the FC APC universal...

Страница 42: ...which are at the front of the SOM The space above the laser source behind the fiber routing panel can be used to stow the jumper 7 Using the 9 pin RS232 serial cable connect one end to the RS232 input...

Страница 43: ...time delay between sweeps Polarizer mode 0 Power 3 dBm is the output power from the laser Sweep rate 20 nm s is the rate of wavelength change laser scanning The default values are set at the factory...

Страница 44: ...rce optics module to a maximum of four outputs The standard SWS package includes one output port on the source optics module the two or four output port option can be specified at the time of ordering...

Страница 45: ...1 m and 10 m Power cord To install the SWS software using the CD ROM see the Installing the Software section Assembling the Receiver The standard SWS system includes one control module and one detecto...

Страница 46: ...dule into the first slot on the front left side of the chassis and fasten it using the screw fasteners 3 Insert the detector module into the next slot and fasten it tightly using the screw fasteners t...

Страница 47: ...nd one output connector All three are FC APC connectors The LED display at the top is used as an indicator to indicate the switch number and the transmitter currently selected An FC APC FC APC connect...

Страница 48: ...rify the settings if needed 1 Connect the supplied 25 pin cable to the printer port on the computer 2 Connect the other end of the cable to the connector labeled Parallel Interface on the back of the...

Страница 49: ...be used For more details see the Installing the Software section 5 From the same group of shortcuts Start Programs SWS15100 launch SWS Setup Test Wizard See the following image Figure 10 Starting the...

Страница 50: ...guring or running the PPI please refer to the troubleshooting guide on the Parallel Port Interface Troubleshooting If the data acquisition board is used instead of the PPI see the Installing the Data...

Страница 51: ...e back of the new chassis to the next available address Figure 14 Figure 14 Additional Chassis DIP Switch Setup 4 As shown in Figure 15 remove the short termination cable from the middle and bottom 50...

Страница 52: ...the new receiver chassis and to the AC power source 7 Turn the power on for each chassis Powering Up the Receiver To start the receiver turn the power switch at the back of the chassis to I on It is...

Страница 53: ...on the receiver s control module bottom port Connect the flat FC PC end to the first channel on the receiver s detector module Installing Additional Detector Modules More detector modules can be adde...

Страница 54: ...ector adapters The blank detector caps are attached for shipping purposes and can also be used when making dark voltage measurements Unscrew the detector caps and replace them with the appropriate ada...

Страница 55: ...ver control module are both FC APC The two types can be distinguished by observing the alignment slot on the connector end In FC PC adapters the slot points to the straight edge or side of the square...

Страница 56: ...he two channel receiver are on the front panel Connect the output of the source optics module to the input of the receiver left most FC APC connector 6 The output of the control module is located besi...

Страница 57: ...pin ribbon cable found at the back of the computer in a 50 pin slot to the Computer connector at the back of the receiver chassis top port 6 At the back of the receiver chassis arrange the DIP switche...

Страница 58: ...ther plot Minimum Hardware Requirements The standard interface used to acquire data from the receivers is the parallel port interface As an option the National Instruments2 AT DIO 32F data acquisition...

Страница 59: ...cribed earlier in the Connecting the Transmitter section 3 Make sure the SOM is set to sweep in Polarization Mode 0 and press the Execute button on the source optics module to start the transmitter an...

Страница 60: ...d of interface is to be used The I O Data Acquisition card is a default option If it is the option you are currently using in your setup the Wizard checks the communication between the computer and th...

Страница 61: ...he Modify button A new dialog box appears Figure 23 In this dialog box the parallel port is selected If the port number is unknown there is only one port or the first port is in use select 0 If the po...

Страница 62: ...e Yes button to verify the selection 13 As the next step the Wizard checks if a Dual Band Selector Switch PN SWS16103 is present in the setup If the switch is properly installed into the OWB chassis a...

Страница 63: ...set to C band and Tx2 is set to L Band 14 The third section of the Wizard tests the communication between the SOM and the receiver by counting the number of data points collected by the Control Modul...

Страница 64: ...the Default Nominal Size the test is successfully completed Figure 27 Nominal Size Detection Click the Close button to finish this section of the Wizard If the test fails please check If the SOM is s...

Страница 65: ...bration see Calibrating the Equipment may be necessary to ensure the specified accuracy Figure 28 The SWS Testing and Setup Wizard Test complete 16 This section will fail if the M0 and L wavelength ca...

Страница 66: ...splay C001 C002 and so on The channel number corresponds to the location of the detector module in the chassis The detector modules nearest the CM are Channel 1 and Channel 2 The upper channel in each...

Страница 67: ...nstructions in the user manual for the board The SWS software does not need to be installed to test the data acquisition board Likewise the data acquisition board software is not needed for the SWS to...

Страница 68: ...the key does not toggle press the Stop button on the source optics module then the Execute button on the source optics module 2 Set the tunable laser source to 3 dBm 3 Connect a power meter to the To...

Страница 69: ...or if the insertion loss deviates by more than 0 05 dB from 0 call JDS Uniphase for service Acquire the dark voltage reference To acquire dark voltage readings follow the instructions in the Using SW...

Страница 70: ...gure 30 Source Optics Module Front Panel Model SWS15102 Source Optics Module Rear Panel Figure 31 shows the back panel of the source optics module Figure 31 Source Optics Module Rear Panel Tunable Las...

Страница 71: ...chassis in which a control module detector modules and configurable optical interfaces can be installed Therefore the front panel as shown is only typical Figure 34 Receiver Chassis Front Panel Recei...

Страница 72: ...of daisy chained receiver chassis Figure 36 Compact Two Channel Receiver Front Panel Compact Two Channel Receiver Rear Panel Figure 37 shows the back panel of the compact two channel receiver Figure...

Страница 73: ...002 chassis It permits the use of two transmitters with one receiver Figure 40 shows the DBSSM Figure 40 Dual Band Switch Selector Module Front Panel Four State Polarization Controller Front Panel The...

Страница 74: ...rly set up to send the correct signals to the receiver control module When the SOM is powered up it initializes the laser and its own parameters It also displays the version of firmware installed Afte...

Страница 75: ...c parameters such as the serial number the scan length and the wavelength calibration constants EXECUTE SAVE Figure 44 Main Menu of the SOM The SAVE button is used to save the current operational para...

Страница 76: ...to the previous menu B A C K 3 0 d B m SELECT LASER POWER Figure 46 Changing Parameter Values In each menu where values can be changed the NEXT button is used to select the parameter to modify Repeate...

Страница 77: ...on marked RELAY is for future expansion Do not use this option Figure 48 Setting Parameters in Manual Mode Select the value of the parameter and press SET Press the BACK button to return to the previo...

Страница 78: ...alue of LO the other wavelength calibration constant Figure 50 Display Option on the SOM The other constants displayed are currently not used Source Optics Module Operation During SOM operation the di...

Страница 79: ...the software is installed The executable file is SWS15100 exe The files OWB1 DLL OWB2 DLL and OWB3 DLL are required for program execution Utilities provided include SOMAccess exe and testcount exe Th...

Страница 80: ...also be selected SWS User Interface Main Menu When the program is executed a window similar to the one shown in Figure 53 is opened The top of the window displays the menu items File Mode System and H...

Страница 81: ...er which the file is to be saved The selected channels data acquisition mode processing mode analysis settings display options and data storage options are saved Open Workspace opens a previously save...

Страница 82: ...shown in Figure 55 is displayed Figure 55 Dialog Box to Save Data Set Save Analysis Results As saves the measurement data that is in the Analysis area to an external text file The user is prompted for...

Страница 83: ...tor Switch Module are installed Transmitter Polarizer State for PDL measurements the default is four PDL states S1 to S4 If a polarization controller is not installed select mode 0 which is S0 The tra...

Страница 84: ...ree options on the System menu Calibration OWB Info and Setup Calibration opens the calibration window See the Calibrating the Equipment section for detailed calibration procedures OWB Info refers to...

Страница 85: ...option tabs General Setup Switch Setup and System Setup General Setup General Setup allows the user to enable or disable the wavelength diagnostics for each available band and to set parameters to fi...

Страница 86: ...user to set the switch configuration The default settings for the SWS are TX1 for C band TX2 for L band and Output is to the control module The Switch Setup option is shown in Figure 60 Figure 60 Swi...

Страница 87: ...g from the top left to bottom right of the window Tile arranges open windows either horizontally or both horizontally and vertically whichever best fits the screen Arrange Icons arranges the icons rep...

Страница 88: ...when required Help Menu Figure 63 shows the Help menu Figure 63 Help Menu SWS15100 Quick Reference currently disabled Help on Charting provides help on modifying parameters associated with the plot ar...

Страница 89: ...instructions on how to control the acquisition processing analysis and display of the data by using controls in each of these areas Chart Area When data is collected and processed plots of the comput...

Страница 90: ...utton on the center of the new image Next click the Pan button The image is moved so that the desired location is at the center of the plot Clicking the Pan button again results in the image moving by...

Страница 91: ...w data Status Analysis Area The Status Analysis area shown in Figure 66 is used to display the status of the system as well as the current value of important system parameters Figure 66 Status Area Th...

Страница 92: ...on the dark voltage measurement by checking the Dark Voltage check box 3 Check the Prompt Every Channel check box to do the dark voltage measurement individually for all channels This check box appli...

Страница 93: ...nels For greater stability of polarization and to avoid drift 1 Take a reference on the first channel 2 Acquire the reference for the first channel 3 View the reference in the Chart area to confirm th...

Страница 94: ...the processing mode In IL mode only the insertion loss can be displayed However in PDL mode there are four possibilities PDL minimum IL maximum IL and average IL Any two can be selected at one time Th...

Страница 95: ...the new data is shown on the chart click the Memory check box ensure that it is checked and click the Refresh button The old data is now superimposed over the current trace Chart Properties The SWS s...

Страница 96: ...f the analyses are presented in tabular form with each row corresponding to a physical channel on the receiver Each column is reserved for a particular parameter that is analyzed The parameters that c...

Страница 97: ...loss at that wavelength Maximum Peak two columns show the wavelength at which the maximum peak occurs and the insertion loss at that wavelength Center Wavelength two columns show the center wavelength...

Страница 98: ...ressed a dialog box is displayed Figure 72 Analysis Definition File Analysis is performed from a predefined analysis definition file ADF or by creating a new file The following is an example of an ADF...

Страница 99: ...ormed in a selected wavelength or frequency range The advanced analysis section allows the user to add a comment to the analysis provides selections to compute passband flatness crosstalk and cumulati...

Страница 100: ...le Bandwidth Center Wavelength normally optional but mandatory for calculating flatness When this field is checked the user must enter parameters to define how the calculations are performed Ref Peak...

Страница 101: ...re the channels to the immediate right and left of the primary channel Adjacent channels are defined by the user in the Selecting the ITU Grid or Specifying Channels section Cumulative Crosstalk Where...

Страница 102: ...nel wavelengths can be added by entering the wavelength of the new channel and pressing the Add button The list of wavelengths defining the channels can be edited by adding or removing channels To res...

Страница 103: ...xis that is whether the left hand or right hand y axis values are to be used 3 Select the step size in points or pm for Marker 1 4 Select the step size in points or pm for Marker 2 5 Check the box lab...

Страница 104: ...us a filename for the workspace Preparing for Measurements Before DUTs can be tested the system must be warmed up and zeroed To warm up the SWS before taking measurements turn on all the power switche...

Страница 105: ...the system has been zeroed Example Application Zeroing for an FBG using a Circulator and Reflector The system can be zeroed for an FBG using a circulator and a 100 reflector instead of adding a jumpe...

Страница 106: ...The detectors generate a small current even when no light falls on them This feature is caused by current leakage through the detector and is created by background electrical noise temperature variat...

Страница 107: ...e using the SWS Occasionally as in the case of measuring a fiber Bragg grating in reflection the process of zero loss referencing becomes more complicated see the Example Application Characterizing Fi...

Страница 108: ...surements and follow the instructions in the Using SWS Software section 2 Set the SOM to polarization mode 1 as explained in the Setting Source Optics Module Parameters section 3 Connect the four stat...

Страница 109: ...1 2 where P k is the power at point k The sum is for values of r from n to n for a half filter size of n Improvement in device measurement can be achieved by averaging and smoothing the reference in t...

Страница 110: ...g Insertion Loss section for IL measurements or the Measuring Polarization Dependent Loss section for PDL measurements to acquire and display the trace Measuring Insertion Loss of a Device To measure...

Страница 111: ...evice as shown in Figure 79 for IL measurement 3 Select the types of traces to be displayed and the analysis to be performed as described in the Using SWS Software section 4 Acquire a trace The select...

Страница 112: ...f the device A separate detector channel is used for each of the outputs from the device The measurement of all the channels is done simultaneously Figure 80 Characterizing a Multiple Output Device 3...

Страница 113: ...urement the first step is to acquire the zero loss reference Next the device is connected and the measurement is performed Measuring Insertion Loss of an FBG To measure the insertion loss of the FBG i...

Страница 114: ...pped as a separate unit or if a control module or receiver is moved from one transmitter to another or if an addition wavelength range is added Re calibration for Power is not required when an additio...

Страница 115: ...urce Calibration Setup 2 Set the wavelength of the tunable laser source to 1520 nm for a C band system or 1540 nm for an L band system Compare the setting with the meter reading 3 Set the wavelength o...

Страница 116: ...rences between values are less than 0 2 nm 6 Disconnect the wavelength meter from the tunable laser source Reconnect the laser input to the Laser In connector on the source optics module Connect the A...

Страница 117: ...Band calibration See end of this section to make changes to these defaults when calibrating with a different gas cell eg Acetylene 13 for C Band Figure 84 Select the Calibration option from the menub...

Страница 118: ...avelength Calibration Window select the channel that the gas cell is connected to Ensure that a reference has been done for this channel 2 Press the Start Acquisition button to acquire the trace of th...

Страница 119: ...104 Operating and Maintenance Instructions Figure 87 L Band Trace using 13C2H2 Acetylene Cell Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 120: ...rence within 0 003 nm Peak Peak Wavelength nm Wavelength Reading nm Difference within 0 003 nm R 25 1513 2007 P 1 1525 7607 24 1513 5839 2 1526 3147 23 1513 9733 3 1526 8751 22 1514 3690 4 1527 4419 2...

Страница 121: ...1518 2138 13 1532 8312 12 1518 6725 14 1533 4621 11 1519 1376 15 1534 0995 10 1519 6090 16 1534 7433 9 1520 0867 17 1535 3935 8 1520 5707 18 1536 0502 7 1521 0611 19 1536 7134 6 1521 5579 20 1537 3830...

Страница 122: ...18 1524 3431 7 1537 0909 17 1524 7626 8 1537 6559 16 1525 1880 9 1538 2267 15 1525 6190 10 1538 8032 14 1526 0558 11 1539 3855 13 1526 4984 12 1539 9735 12 1526 9467 13 1540 5674 11 1527 4007 14 1541...

Страница 123: ...tinue or advised that the calibration is complete Click the Yes button to continue the software acquires another trace Double click on the two peaks as in the previous step and press recalibrate Calib...

Страница 124: ...rm the wavelength calibration on one receiver Save the new calibration data but do not save the old calibration 2 Save the calibration data again by selecting as if to save the old calibration data Th...

Страница 125: ...2 Acetylene Cell Figure 86 C Band Trace using 12C2H2 Acetylene Cell This is the cell fitted within the L Band SOM L Band Hydrogen Cyanide H13 C14 N Table 16 Wavelengths of Absorption Lines for H13C14N...

Страница 126: ...ternative cell remove the from the 4 lines relating to that cell and add them before the lines for the Carbon 12 section Save these changes and restart the SWS15100 program to perform calibration with...

Страница 127: ...Using the H13 C14 N Cell The following figure shows the absorption lines when using an H13 C14 N hydrogen cyanide cell for calibration Figure 93 Absorption Lines of H13 C14 N Cell Artisan Technology G...

Страница 128: ...1528 927 3 1544 515 22 1529 376 4 1545 231 21 1529 838 5 1545 956 20 1530 306 6 1546 690 19 1530 786 7 1547 435 18 1531 276 8 1548 190 17 1531 774 9 1548 955 16 1532 283 10 1549 730 15 1532 802 11 15...

Страница 129: ...IST traceable power meter with monitor output JDS Uniphase HA9 Series Extended Range Programmable Optical Attenuator with two outputs Wavelength meter optional To verify power calibration 1 Set up the...

Страница 130: ...te the error at each attenuation level 13 Verify that the measured errors fall within the limits specified for all attenuation levels See the SWS optical specifications in the Specifications section T...

Страница 131: ...ly shown in Figure 94 The example shown uses Channel 2 of the receiver 7 Turn on the second laser source Ensure the laser power is between 0 and 10 dBm A laser wavelength setting of 1550 nm is recomme...

Страница 132: ...r To do this for example on the HA9 attenuator press the key Alternately put the cap on the detector module on the receiver The dark voltage is displayed in the Dark Voltage field 18 Click the Calibra...

Страница 133: ...appears click the No button to select Factory Calibrated Values If there are unexpected results contact JDS Uniphase Enabling Wavelength Diagnostics on C Band and L Band SWS Systems In systems used in...

Страница 134: ...te it Open the SWS15100 INI file It is located in the C Windows directory in Windows 95 98 or the C Win32 directory in Windows NT Edit the SWS15100 INI file to make the following changes and additions...

Страница 135: ...g line ends Wrap text 6 Type IDN CR A line starting with JDS Uniphase is displayed If the system does not respond to keyboard inputs check the REMOTE LED on the front panel of the SOM The LED should b...

Страница 136: ...ation Wavelength diagnostics cannot be used until the calibration has been performed See the Error Reference source not found section for more information on calibration Using Wavelength Diagnostics W...

Страница 137: ...provided in this document examples using SWS DLLs are provided in the distribution CD ROM and can be accessed from the SWS15100 Development examples directory after software installation DLL Architec...

Страница 138: ...written to support multiple single thread applications that do not compete for the SWS hardware Multiple windows are allowed because they do not execute simultaneously The SWS DLLs do not support mult...

Страница 139: ...pplication resides LabVIEW Move to the LabVIEW default directory VB Move to WinSysDir OWB3 DLL Installed Directory C Move to the directory where the development application resides LabVIEW Move to the...

Страница 140: ...measurement isZeroLossDone Checks if a zero loss reference has been done for a specified polarization getReference Collects the zero loss reference trace data from the hardware Call this function aft...

Страница 141: ...gh a call to the function acquirePDL to compute PDL getPDLTrace Gets all four PDL traces for a specific channel after all acquired channel traces have been computed by the processPDL function getTrace...

Страница 142: ...largest peak in a specified wavelength range getLocalCenterWave Finds the center wavelength of the largest peak in a specified wavelength range getPassBand Computes the passband over the entire scan g...

Страница 143: ...to the LEDs of a given channel blinkLED Controls the blinking of the LEDs for a given channel setUnits Sets the working units for the X axis to either nm or GHz getUnits Gets the current units for th...

Страница 144: ...points in a complete scan char Path This is the path specifying the root directory Output No output Return Value When there is no error the function returns 1 When there is an error the return value...

Страница 145: ...ified channel in cache memory Note This function returns the last polarization for specified channel the last time any data was collected for the channel To find the latest polarization use getTracePo...

Страница 146: ...tains the error number getAverageDarkVoltagePower Function Description Purpose The getAverageDarkVoltagePower function is used to get the average power measured during a dark voltage measurement This...

Страница 147: ...al numChannels As Long Input channelList is a pointer to the channel list numChannels is the number of channels from which data is to be collected Output None Return Value When there is no error the f...

Страница 148: ...ns the error number is negative getReference Function Description Purpose The getReference function acquires a new reference for the specified channel The polarization of the new reference is stored i...

Страница 149: ...ns the error number getILTrace Function Description Purpose The getILTrace function calculates the IL of a DUT that is connected to the specified channel chID The user must allocate space for pLamData...

Страница 150: ...a call to the getILTrace function The refpeak parameter must be filled by the caller C prototype int getPeakPower double pLamData double pPowData unsigned short dataSize unsigned short refpeak unsigne...

Страница 151: ...LamData double pPowData unsigned short dataSize unsigned short refpeak double interLevel unsigned short baseRef double pBandwidth VB prototype Declare Function getBandwidth Lib SWS15100 ByRef pLamData...

Страница 152: ...wData unsigned short dataSize unsigned short refpeak double interLevel unsigned short baseRef double pCenLam double pCenPow VB prototype Declare Function getCenterWave Lib SWS15100 ByRef pLamData As D...

Страница 153: ...is used to write a string of characters to the LED display of a selected channel C prototype int writeLED unsigned short chID char atext VB prototype Declare Function writeLED Lib SWS15100 ByVal chID...

Страница 154: ...ototype int setPolarizationControl short polarFlag VB prototype Declare Function setPolarizationControl Lib SWS15100 ByVal polarFlag As Long Input short polarFlag To detect at the receiver side all po...

Страница 155: ...s been done for the specified channel the return value is 1 TRUE When a dark voltage measurement has been done for the specified channel the return value is 0 FALSE When there is an error the return v...

Страница 156: ...e contains the error number isZeroLossDone Function Description Purpose The isZeroLossDone function is used to check if a zero loss reference has been performed for the specified polarization on the s...

Страница 157: ...r polarization states S1 S2 S3 and S4 and for all the channels on the user list One call to this function is used to acquire only one polarization one IL set of data This function must be called for e...

Страница 158: ...tion processPDL Lib SWS15100 ByRef chList ByVal numChannels As Long Input unsigned short chList This is the list of channels selected for acquiring all four references unsigned short uhNumChannels Thi...

Страница 159: ...verageZeroLossPower function is used to get the average power measured during a zero loss measurement This function is called after the zero loss reference for that specified polarization state and ch...

Страница 160: ...a The pPowData array stores IL power level dB scale points Each point from the pPowData array has a corresponding point in the pLamData array unsigned short dataSize This is the size of arrays pLamDat...

Страница 161: ...level dB scale points Each point from the pPowData array has a corresponding point in the pLamData array unsigned short dataSize This is the size of arrays pLamData and pPowData allocated by the user...

Страница 162: ...pCenPow As Double As Long Input double pLamData The pLamData array stores wavelength points of the trace double pPowData The pPowData array stores IL power level dB scale points Each point from the pP...

Страница 163: ...nputs for the wavelength band Outputs Return value When there is no error the function returns zero When there is an error the function returns an error number getPassBand Description The getPassBand...

Страница 164: ...signed short baseref This is Boolean For minimum peaks the baseref is 1 and the bandwidth of the peak is calculated from the base of the peak For maximum peaks the baseref is 0 and the bandwidth is ca...

Страница 165: ...ssBand As Double As Long Input double pLamData The pLamData array stores wavelength points of the trace double pPowData The pPowData array stores IL power level dB scale points Each point from the pPo...

Страница 166: ...ort uhDataSize double dStartWave double dStopWave double pdPowFlatness VB prototype Declare Function getLocalPassBand Lib SWS15100 ByRef pLamData As Double ByRef pPowData As Double ByVal uhDataSize By...

Страница 167: ...igned short uhITUunits This integer specifies the units for the stop and start wavelength or frequency The allowed values are UNITS_NM and UNITS_GHZ specified in the file swsConst h Output None Return...

Страница 168: ...signed short uhListSize double pdLamOutWaveList double dBandWidth double pdInPowPeak double pdLeftOutPower double pdRightOutPower double pdTotalOutPower VB prototype Declare Function getCrossTalk Lib...

Страница 169: ...his is the total power in the out of band channels Return Value When there is no error the function returns zero When there is an error the return value contains the error number getChannelList Functi...

Страница 170: ...user selects to query for information To retrieve the information related to the control module the channel ID must be 0 Output short bPresent When bPresent is 1 then channel chID is present When bPre...

Страница 171: ...mming Guide Function Description When there is any error in information retrieval the function returns an error number Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www art...

Страница 172: ...When there is an error the function returns an error number getUnits Description The getunits function finds the current units for the X axis either nm or GHz and the Y axis dB or linear C prototype...

Страница 173: ...inates the SWS operation and resets all hardware C prototype void terminateSWS VB prototype Declare Function terminateSWS Lib SWS15100 As Long Inputs None Outputs None Return Value None Artisan Techno...

Страница 174: ...OR 8 SET_PCAL_ERROR 9 GET_PCAL_ERROR 10 SET_M0L_ERROR 11 GET_M0L_ERROR 12 NOT_ENOUGH_POINTS 13 CHANNEL_NO_DATA 14 PEAK_NOT_FOUND 15 INTERPOLATION_ERROR 16 INVALID_DATA_VALUE 17 INVALID_ZERO_LOSS 18 RE...

Страница 175: ...accompanying SWS Development SWS15100 dll Dynamic Link Library required to control the acquisition and processing of raw data Development examples C SWS15100 h Header file containing declarations of f...

Страница 176: ...ectory in Windows NT 2 From the Development VB Setup directory run the setup exe program 3 From the Development VB Source directory run the SWSSample exe program C Programming Example To run the C pro...

Страница 177: ...ocess data in insertion loss and PDL modes The flowcharts are Figure 96 SWS Data Collection and Processing Figure 97 Insertion Loss Mode Processing Figure 98 Zero Loss Data in Insertion Loss Mode Figu...

Страница 178: ...Programming Guide 163 Figure 96 SWS Data Collection and Processing Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 179: ...164 Programming Guide Figure 97 Insertion Loss Mode Processing Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 180: ...Programming Guide 165 Figure 98 Zero Loss Data in Insertion Loss Mode Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 181: ...166 Programming Guide Figure 99 Acquire Trace Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 182: ...Programming Guide 167 Figure 100 Get Insertion Loss Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 183: ...168 Programming Guide Figure 101 Process Insertion Loss Trace Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 184: ...Programming Guide 169 Figure 102 PDL Mode Processing Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 185: ...170 Programming Guide Figure 103 Zero Loss Data in PDL Mode Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 186: ...Programming Guide 171 Figure 104 Additional PDL Processing Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 187: ...fic commands conform to the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI command language version 1995 0 also listed in the same section All commands to the SOM consist of a command header a va...

Страница 188: ...nd header ROUTe CLOSe channel list STAT The following program messages are valid ROUTE CLOSE 1 4 CLOSE 5 5 ROUTE CLOSE 1 4 ROUTE CLOSE 5 5 ROUTE CLOSE STATE The following program messages are not vali...

Страница 189: ...The characters in the string can be any ASCII character and the string can be of any length unless otherwise specified in the command table For the source optics module to recognize a single or doubl...

Страница 190: ...ng N A N A RST N A N A N A N A SRE NRf N A 0 255 SRE N A NRf 0 255 STB N A NRf 0 255 TST N A NRf 0 1 WAI N A N A N A N A SCPI Command Tree All commands other than the IEEE 488 2 common commands are li...

Страница 191: ...NRf String VERSion String INFOrmation TRIGGER ABORT SOURce WAVElength START NRf START NRf STOP NRf STOP NRf SWEEP DELAY NRf DELAY NRf TIME NRf TIME NRf MODE NRf MODE NRf POWER LEVEL NRf LEVEL NRf ROUT...

Страница 192: ...SCPI commands Clear Status Command Syntax CLS Function Clears the following queues and registers Error queue Standard event status register Status byte register Operation event register Questionable...

Страница 193: ...standard event status enable register is set to 11011000 Standard Event Status Register Query Syntax ESR Function Returns the contents of the standard event status register as an integer that when con...

Страница 194: ...st enable register The numeric value is rounded to the nearest integer and converted to a binary number The bits of the register are set to match the bit values of the binary number Example SRE 216 se...

Страница 195: ...ompleted by the time this command is parsed Example WAI SCPI Status Commands The following tables describe SCPI status commands STATus OPERation CONDition Syntax STATus OPERation CONDition Function Re...

Страница 196: ...STATus QUEStionable ENABle Syntax STATus QUEStionable ENABle space NRf Function Sets the bits in the questionable enable register The NRf value is rounded to the nearest integer and converted to a bi...

Страница 197: ...of error numbers and their associated messages Example SYST ERR returns 0 No error SYSTem VERSion Syntax SYSTem VERSion Function Returns the formatted numeric value the of the SCPI version number Exa...

Страница 198: ...internal start wavelength to the specified value This value is used to command the laser on the next sweep Example SOUR FREQ START 1518 5 SOURce WAVElength START Syntax SOUR WAVE START Function Causes...

Страница 199: ...rnal rate setting to the specified value This value is used to set the rate in seconds for a laser sweep Example SOUR SWEEP DELAY 1 5 SOURce SWEEP TIME Syntax SOUR SWEEP TIME Function Causes the sourc...

Страница 200: ...source optics module to go into a continuous mode of commanding the laser through a set of sweeps Example TRIG TRIGer Syntax TRIG Function Returns the state of source optics module processing Returns...

Страница 201: ...186 Programming Guide Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 202: ...e for FMO Example FMO FLO Syntax FLO Function Sets the source optic module s internal variable for FLO Example FLO 542138766 0 FLO Syntax FLO Function Returns the source optic module s internal variab...

Страница 203: ...Syntax FSERIAL Function Sets the source optic module s serial number The serial number is displayed with the IDN Command Example FSERIAL Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 88...

Страница 204: ...rned with the equipment if factory repair is necessary If any problem cannot be solved by following the procedures listed in Table 22 contact the local JDS Uniphase representative or the service hotli...

Страница 205: ...the source optics module Clean the fiber connectors Reconnect and try again If the problem persists check the parameters of the source optics module Verify that the start wavelength is 1519 5 nm for C...

Страница 206: ...he Control Module and the Detector Module show garbled digits during SWS software start up not the CM01 C001 C002 etc that is normally expected Check the pins on the connectors Turn the power off Remo...

Страница 207: ...y that the SOM is scanning Verify that the tunable laser source is scanning With a power meter measure the maximum power going into the receiver control module The correct power is 11 dBm Disconnect t...

Страница 208: ...read from the SOM If the file has been changed close the software and re open it before trying again If there is a data collection problem as indicated by the continuation of the error message inspec...

Страница 209: ...is greater than 200 pm recalibrate the laser source Verify wavelength accuracy using the built in acetylene cell If known lines are off by more than 3 pm recalibrate the system for wavelength see the...

Страница 210: ...DUT is less than expected measure the power going into the control module Power is 11 dBm without a polarization controller or 14 dBm with a polarization controller If power to the DUT is within speci...

Страница 211: ...e output transmitter 8 dBm for a two output transmitter 11 dBm for a four output transmitter Measure the power at the output of the control module Compute the loss through the CM If the loss through t...

Страница 212: ...tline to arrange replacement of the output cassette The correct power at each of the output ports varies with the number of output ports The correct power levels are 1 output 5 dBm 2 outputs 8 dBm 4 o...

Страница 213: ...r filtering or both If the problem persists call the local JDS Uniphase representative or the service hotline 14 While making PDL measurements the PDL shows only noise at all wavelengths Verify that P...

Страница 214: ...m persists call the local JDS Uniphase representative or the service hotline Troubleshooting Flowcharts The flowcharts in this section Figure 105 to Figure 111 show the logical steps to use when troub...

Страница 215: ...g the whole SWS system TEST RECEIVER RECEIVER OKAY TEST SYSTEM NOISE Yes NOISE OKAY Yes GO TO NEXT PAGE No FILL IN CHECKLIST CALL SERVICE HOTLINE No FILL IN CHECKLIST CALL SERVICE HOTLINE Figure 105 T...

Страница 216: ...ASER CALIBRATION LASER OUT No RE CALIBRATE USING GAS CELL CALIBRATE LASER TRY AGAIN FILL IN CHECKLIST CALL SERVICE HOTLINE No No Yes Yes Yes E N D Figure 106 Testing the System continued Artisan Techn...

Страница 217: ...CLEAN CONNECTOR MARKED LASER INPUT Yes Yes FIXED Yes No MEASURE SOM POWER LEVELS LASER OR THE RS232 PORT ON THE SOM TRYING WITH ANOTHER SOM LASER WOULD HELP COULD CONNECT RS232 PORT TO A COMPUTER TO S...

Страница 218: ...ps to follow when troubleshooting the receiver FIXED No Yes CHECK COMPUTER INTERFACE GO TO NEXT PAGE FIXED Yes No Yes CALL SERVICE HOTLINE TEST SYSTEM NOISE Figure 108 Testing the Receiver first part...

Страница 219: ...No TRY NEW FIBER FIXED TRY AGAIN OKAY Yes No CALL SERVICE HOTLINE DO POWER TEST TEST SYSTEM NOISE TEST LASER Figure 109 Testing the Receiver continued Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation...

Страница 220: ...tem Noise The flowchart in Figure 110 shows the steps to follow when troubleshooting for system noise Figure 110 Testing for System Noise Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 88...

Страница 221: ...steps to follow when troubleshooting for source optics module power IS NOISE 0 025 dB Yes No OBSERVE TRACE FOR ABOUT 10 SCANS E N D CLEAN ALL CONNECTORS DO POWER TEST Figure 111 Testing for SOM Power...

Страница 222: ...Reference 207 Parallel Port Interface Troubleshooting Figure 112 PPI Troubleshooting Procedure Section 1 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 223: ...208 Reference Figure 113 PPI Troubleshooting Procedure Section 2 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 224: ...rmation than indicated is necessary for correct diagnosis Attach your description of the faults or failures encountered There is a section for each component of the SWS In each section circle the appr...

Страница 225: ...he laser power measured at the FC PC end of the blue fiber Polarization Controller Is a polarization controller connected to the SOM YES NO What is the polarization controller model number N A SWS1510...

Страница 226: ...t port 1 Receiver Action Remove the connector at the TX IN port on the CM of the receiver Measure power at this point What is the power going to the CM How many receiver chassis are connected Is a com...

Страница 227: ...tware 0 1 2 3 4 What is the polarization mode on the SOM 0 1 2 3 4 What is the averaging setting Mode Weight Number of samples PDL or IL What is the smoothing half filter size setting Are the traces d...

Страница 228: ...el port interface installed and in use YES NO Are all receiver components including all receiver chassis and the computer and the monitor plugged into the same electrical circuit on a single power bar...

Страница 229: ...on one channel Continuously acquire traces The noise on the plot should be between 0 025 dB and 0 025 dB What is the maximum magnitude of the noise seen on the plot Is the trace mostly less than this...

Страница 230: ...ration Switch off the system and check the electrical connections Power on If the problem persists call the service hotline DEFAULT Laser head disconnected There is no connection between the head and...

Страница 231: ...nal If so increase the stop wavelength by 1 nm If the problem persists call the service hotline VE A value error is detected by the laser No operator action is required The SOM recovers from this type...

Страница 232: ...ution error 300 399 SCPI Device error 400 499 SCPI Query error 500 SCPI Power on event 600 SCPI User Request event 700 SCPI Request Control event 800 SCPI Operation Complete event 801 1999 Reserved 20...

Страница 233: ...ror 360 Communication error 2001 Failed to save Workspace file The device is full Free up space 4010 OWB hardware error There is a hardware problem in the receiver Check all electrical and optical con...

Страница 234: ...arization State is missing A polarization state is not available Verify that the source optics module is set to provide the requested polarization state Check that the polarization controller if insta...

Страница 235: ...power on and off on the tunable laser source by turning off the unit using its key waiting at least 30 seconds after the power is off and turning the unit back on using the key 5310 The Zero Loss of a...

Страница 236: ...the value of the absolute maximum signal levels regardless of the noise Center Wavelength using a Threshold Relative to the Baseline The SWS calculates center wavelength using the following procedure...

Страница 237: ...he CW 6 Get the power at each of these points 7 Interpolate to find the power at the center wavelength from these points Power at the Center Wavelength The power at the data sample nearest the center...

Страница 238: ...e In this form of averaging n successive scans are added together and the sum is divided by n The addition and averaging are performed on the insertion loss in linear scale not in dB At the end of eac...

Страница 239: ...m insertion losses in linear power scale The loss is converted to dB and displayed as a function of wavelength Passband The passband of a device is the bandwidth calculated at a specified threshold re...

Страница 240: ...igures show how to measure and calculate bandwidth passband flatness and crosstalk Figure 114 shows how to measure bandwidth Figure 114 Calculating Bandwidth Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumen...

Страница 241: ...226 Reference Figure 115 shows how to measure passband Figure 115 Calculating Passband Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 242: ...Reference 227 Figure 116 shows how to measure flatness Figure 116 Calculating Flatness Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com...

Страница 243: ...117 shows how to measure right crosstalk Left crosstalk is measured in a similar manner Figure 117 Calculating Right Crosstalk Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURC...

Страница 244: ...lines H13 C14 N 111 Calibrating power 114 Equipment required 114 Procedure 114 Setup 113 115 Checklist 12 C2H2 acetylene cell 104 13 C2H2 acetylene cell 106 H13 C14 N hydrogen cyanide cell 112 Multipl...

Страница 245: ...Front panel 58 Installing 30 38 Diagnostics Wavelength 117 Dialog box Changing Scales 80 Interface configuration 46 Port selection 47 Save data set 67 Selecting Channels 86 DIP switch Data acquisition...

Страница 246: ...nstallation 25 Additional Detector modules 38 Receiver chassis 35 Compact two channel receiver 41 Control module 30 41 Data acquisition board 41 Detector adapter 39 Detector module 30 Dynamic Link Lib...

Страница 247: ...rization modes 68 Polarization stability 78 Polarization states 68 Detecting 190 Power Calibration Setup 113 115 Window 114 Output 16 Requirements 5 SOM settings 186 Power meter 52 53 113 115 187 192...

Страница 248: ...159 SWS Error messages 214 SWS15100 64 Changing the INI file 118 Detailed error messages 215 Directories and files 158 Exiting 88 Parameter values 82 Program 64 Saving data 81 System menu 69 User inte...

Страница 249: ...Trace Acquire See also Insertion loss Polarization dependent loss and Zero loss Change type 92 Placing markers 87 Select 92 Transmitter 17 See also Dual band selector switch module Connecting 38 Tran...

Страница 250: ...r 99 113 115 191 WDM 9 Workspace 66 88 Zero loss See also Zeroing Acquiring reference 94 96 Measuring 78 91 Setup 94 Zeroing See also Zero loss Fiber Bragg grating 88 With reflection 89 Without reflec...

Страница 251: ...uipment Have surplus equipment taking up shelf space We ll give it a new home Learn more Visit us at artisantg com for more info on price quotes drivers technical specifications manuals and documentat...

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