Air
1
300
Water (fresh)
81
33
Water (sea)
81
33
Polar snow
1.4 – 3
194 - 252
Polar ice
3 - 3.15
168
Temperate ice 3.2
167
Pure ice
3.2
167
Freshwater
lake ice
4
150
Sea ice
2.5 – 8
78 – 157
Permafrost
1 – 8
106 – 300
Coastal sand
(dry)
10
95
Sand (dry)
3 – 6
120 - 170
Sand (wet)
25 – 30
55 – 60
Silt (wet)
10
95
Clay (wet)
8 – 15
86 – 110
Clay soil (dry) 3
173
Marsh
12
86
Agricultural
land
15
77
Pastoral land
13
83
“Average soil” 16
75
Granite
5 – 8
106 – 120
Limestone
7 – 9
100 – 113
Dolomite
6.8 – 8
106 – 115
Basalt (wet)
8
106
Shale (wet)
7
113
Sandstone
(wet)
6
112
Coal
4 – 5
134 – 150
Quartz
4.3
145
Concrete
5 – 8
55 – 120
Asphalt
3 – 5
134 – 173
PVC
3
173
**Meter to English conversion factor: 2.54 cm in 1 inch.
** Table of Dielectric values adapted from:
Reynolds, John M.
1997
An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics,
John Wiley & Sones, New
York.
