If the proportional band is too narrow the bath temperature may swing back
and forth because the controller overreacts to temperature variations. For best
control stability the proportional band must be set for the optimum width.
The optimum proportional band width depends on several factors among which
are fluid volume, fluid characteristics (viscosity, specific heat, thermal conduc-
tivity), heater power setting, operating temperature, and stirring. Thus the pro-
portional band width may require adjustment for best bath stability when any of
these conditions change. Of these, the most significant factors affecting the op-
timum proportional width are heater power setting and fluid viscosity. The pro-
portional band should be wider when the higher power setting is used so that
the change in output power per change in temperature remains the same. The
proportional band should also be wider when the fluid viscosity is higher be-
cause of the increased response time.
The proportional band width is easily adjusted from the bath front panel. The
width may be set to discrete values in degrees C or F depending on the selected
units. The optimum proportional band width setting may be determined by
monitoring the stability with a high resolution thermometer or with the control-
ler percent output power display. Narrow the proportional band width to the
point at which the bath temperature begins to oscillate and then increase the
band width from this point to 3 or 4 times wider. Table 3 lists typical propor-
47
9 Controller Operation
Proportional Band
Proportional Band too Narrow
Proportional Band too Wide
Optimum Proportional Band
Figure 8
Bath Temperature Fluctuation at Various Proportional Band Settings
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