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7. Synchronisation

7.1 General information

Two different synchronisation principles are available, namely static and dynamic synchronisation (dynamic is
selected by default). This chapter describes the principles of the synchronisation functions and the adjust-
ment.

In the following, the term “synchronisation” means “synchronising and closing of the
synchronised breaker”.

7.2 Dynamic synchronisation

In dynamic synchronisation, the synchronising genset is running at a different speed than the generator on
the busbar. This speed difference is called

slip frequency

. Typically, the synchronising genset is running with

a positive slip frequency. This means that it is running with a higher speed than the generator on the busbar.
The objective is to avoid a reverse power trip after the synchronisation.

The dynamic principle is illustrated below.

Synchronised

Synchronisation principle

– dynamic synchronisation

Speed:

1503 RPM
50.1 Hertz

Speed:

1500 RPM
50.00 Hertz

LOAD

G

GB

G

GB

L1

L2

L3

L1

L2

L3

L1

L2

L3

L1

L2

L3

Generator on load

Synchronising generator

L1

L2

L3

L1

L2

L3

L1

L2

L3

L1

L2

L3

2.5 s

7.5 s

5.0 s

0 s

∆t [s]

180°

90°

0°

Angle

L1

gen

/L1

bus

[deg]

In the example above, the synchronising genset is running at 1503 RPM ~ 50.1 Hz. The generator on load is
running at 1500 RPM ~ 50.0 Hz. This gives the synchronising genset a positive slip frequency of 0.1 Hz.

GPC-3 DRH 4189340587 UK

Synchronisation

DEIF A/S

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Содержание GPC-3 Hydro

Страница 1: ...14 Fax 45 9614 9615 info deif com www deif com 45 9614 9614 Fax 45 9614 9615 info deif com www deif com DESIGNER S REFERENCE HANDBOOK Generator Paralleling Controller GPC 3 GPC 3 Gas GPC 3 Hydro Functional description Modes and sequences General product information PID controller Additional functions Document no 4189340587L SW version 3 09 x or later ...

Страница 2: ...5 Frequency droop 10 3 6 P load sharing 12 3 7 Measurement systems 13 3 7 1 Three phase system 13 3 7 2 Single phase system 14 3 7 3 Split phase system 14 3 8 Scaling 15 3 9 Single line diagrams 16 3 10 Sequences 18 3 10 1 Sequences 18 3 11 Running mode description 21 3 11 1 Running mode description 21 3 12 Password 21 3 12 1 Parameter access 23 4 Additional functions 4 1 Start functions 24 4 1 1 ...

Страница 3: ...6 1 Manual mode 71 4 16 2 Not in remote 72 4 16 3 Modes active 72 4 17 Nominal settings 73 4 18 Relay setup 74 4 18 1 Limit relay 75 4 19 Service menu 77 4 19 1 Service menu 77 4 20 Step up and step down transformer 81 4 20 1 Step up transformer 81 4 20 2 Vector group for step up transformer 82 4 20 3 Setup of step up transformer and measurement transformer 89 4 20 4 Vector group for step down tra...

Страница 4: ...ising controller 116 7 5 Synchronising vector mismatch alarm 117 7 6 Asynchronous synchronisation 118 7 7 Blackout closing 118 7 8 Separate synchronising relay 119 7 9 Inhibit conditions before synchronising mains breaker 121 GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK DEIF A S Page 4 of 122 ...

Страница 5: ... opened anyway the war ranty will be lost Disclaimer DEIF A S reserves the right to change any of the contents of this document without prior notice The English version of this document always contains the most recent and up to date information about the product DEIF does not take responsibility for the accuracy of translations and translations might not be up dated at the same time as the English...

Страница 6: ...nt also offers the user the information he needs in order to successfully set up the parameters needed in his specific application Make sure to read this document before starting to work with the Multi line 2 unit and the gen set to be controlled Failure to do this could result in human injury or damage to the equip ment 1 2 2 Intended users This Designer s Reference Handbook is mainly intended fo...

Страница 7: ...ase measuring circuits and all values and alarms are presented on the LCD display 2 1 3 Options The Multi line 2 product range consists of different basic versions which can be supplemented with the flexi ble options needed to provide the optimum solution The options cover for example various protections for generator busbar and mains voltage var PF control various outputs serial communication and...

Страница 8: ...rrent voltage unbalance 60 Loss of excitation overexcitation 40 32RV Busbar protection ANSI 3 over voltage 59 4 under voltage 27 3 over frequency 81 4 under frequency 81 Voltage unbalance 60 3 NEL groups M Logic Micro PLC Simple logic configuration tool Selectable input output events Display Status texts Info messages Alarm indication Prepared for remote mounting Prepared for additional remote dis...

Страница 9: ... does not change only the frequency will increase or decrease as a result of changed fuel supply Dependency Fixed frequency mode is active when Input Active mode Fixed frequency sync Fixed frequency Fixed frequency Control inputs Start sync control 25 ON ON ON De load 43 OFF ON OFF Breaker feedbacks GB open 26 ON ON OFF GB closed 27 OFF OFF ON Mode inputs Fixed frequency 48 Mode inputs are not use...

Страница 10: ...le Modbus the M Logic command Start sync ctrl enable must be activated Alternatively you can use the functions Remote GB ON and Remote GB OFF Never mix the two control methods If Remote GB ON OFF control is used you must uncon figure Start sync control and vice versa Regulator The power regulator is active in this mode During fixed power operation the set point is typically adjusted in the display...

Страница 11: ...y more in loading than with the higher droop setting P fNOM Freq Hz P kW This can be used if the generator must operate as a peak load machine Load sharing with older types of gensets Droop mode can be used when a new genset is installed in an installation where old gensets are installed and they operate in droop mode Then it can be preferred to install the new genset and operate it in droop mode ...

Страница 12: ...used in the GPC 3 when operating in frequency droop mode This means that as long as the power does not match the frequency the governor will be controlled up or downwards In this way the power and the frequency will always end up matching each other according to the adjusted droop curve 3 6 P load sharing This regulation mode is typically used when paralleling two or more gensets During load shari...

Страница 13: ... selected or more than one mode is selected the following action will be performed regardless of the fail class selected for GOV mode undef in 2730 1 No mode input active The unit is changed to manual mode regulator OFF and a GOV mode undef alarm is raised after the delay has expired 2 More than one mode input active The unit is maintained in the first selected running mode and the GOV mode undef ...

Страница 14: ...asuring Below is an example with 230 V AC which can be connected directly to the GPC s terminals without the use of a voltage transformer If a voltage transformer is necessary the nominal values of the transformer should be used instead Setting Adjustment Description Adjust to value 6004 G nom voltage Phase neutral voltage of the generator 230 V AC 6041 G transformer Primary voltage of the G volta...

Страница 15: ...tage set 1 Phase neutral voltage of the busbar 120 V AC The measurement UL3L1 shows 240 V AC The voltage alarm set points refer to the nominal voltage 120 V AC and UL3L1 does not activate any alarm The GPC has two sets of BB transformer settings which can be enabled individually in this measurement system 3 8 Scaling Default voltage scaling for the GPC 3 is set to 100 V 25000 V To be able to handl...

Страница 16: ...5000 V 100 V 25000 V 1 kV 75 kV 0 10 90 00 MW 1 00 kV 75 00 kV 1 00 kV 75 00 kV 10 kV 160 kV 1 0 900 0 MW 10 0 kV 160 0 kV 10 0 kV 160 0 kV 3 9 Single line diagrams The GPC 3 can be used for numerous applications A few examples are shown below but due to the flexibili ty of the product it is not possible to show all applications The flexibility is one of the great advantages of this controller GPC...

Страница 17: ... alone G Diesel generator set Load Controller Display Parallel to mains G Generator breaker GB Diesel generator set Controller Display GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions DEIF A S Page 17 of 122 ...

Страница 18: ...er GB 1 Diesel generator set 1 Busbar Controller Display 1 G Generator breaker GB 2 Diesel generator set 2 Controller Display 2 G Generator breaker GB 3 Diesel generator set 3 Controller Display 3 Modbus PLC Load sharing line 3 10 Sequences 3 10 1 Sequences The following section contains information about the sequences of the GPC 3 These sequences will be described GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Function...

Страница 19: ...that prevents it from closing immediately after it has opened This is to ensure that there is sufficient time to change mode and control inputs GB ON sequence blackout closing In order to make a blackout closing terminal 25 must be activated and the measurements from the busbar must be missing The breaker will close if the generator voltage is within the settings of 2110 sync blackout The busbar v...

Страница 20: ...ll be issued when the load has been below the breaker open point for 1 second In order to interrupt the de load sequence the input 43 must be deactivated Then the GPC 3 will continue the operation according to the present mode selection The de load sequence can also be interrupted if the input Start sync control is deactivated But then the entire regulation is deactivated Remote GB ON The generato...

Страница 21: ...L or OFF If this parameter is set to either LOCAL or REMOTE the unit will be locked into this mode If the user tries to change mode via an input or from the display the following message will appear in the display Mode selec tion blocked It is also possible to lock the unit into a specific mode from M Logic Refer to the document ML 2 application notes M Logic The standard GPC 3 is equipped with a ...

Страница 22: ...o do so the PC utility software must be used Enter the parameter to be configured and select the correct password level The password level can be seen in the parameter view in the column Level GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions DEIF A S Page 22 of 122 ...

Страница 23: ...an be changed in jump menu 9116 The service password can be changed in jump menu 9117 The master password can be changed in jump menu 9118 The factory passwords must be changed if the operator of the genset is not allowed to change the parameters It is not possible to change the password at a higher level than the password entered GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Functional descriptions DEIF A S Page 23 of...

Страница 24: ...tion In parameters 6186 and 6214 you can enable disable the start and stop threshold function and adjust the set point In addition the alarm can either be set to high checked or low unchecked If High Alarm is checked the measured external value must exceed the set point before start is possible or before immediate stop when the cooling down timer is counting If High Alarm is unchecked start stop i...

Страница 25: ...m function of the GPC 3 includes the possibility to display the alarm texts activate relays or display alarm texts combined with relay outputs Setup The alarms must typically be set up with set point timer relay outputs and enabling The adjustable set points of the individual alarms vary in range for example the minimum and maximum settings GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Pag...

Страница 26: ... will be shown in the display unless the output A as well as the output B are adjusted to a limit relay If output A and output B are adjusted to a limit relay then the alarm message will not appear but the limit relay will activate at a given condition Definitions There are three states for an enabled alarm GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 26 of 122 ...

Страница 27: ...o alarms present It is not possible to acknowledge individual alarms with the binary alarm acknowledge input All alarms will be acknowledged when the input is activated Display acknowledge push buttons The display can be used for alarm acknowledgement when the alarm info window is entered Pressing the INFO button will open this window The alarm information window displays one alarm at a time toget...

Страница 28: ...connected to the alarm panel Alarm 2 activates R1 and R4 Alarm 3 activates R1 and R4 Several alarms can activate the same relay Each alarm can activate none one or two relays None means that only a display message is given R1 R2 R3 R4 Alarm tableau Alarm 1 OA OB Alarm 3 OA OB Alarm 2 OA OB GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 28 of 122 ...

Страница 29: ...r each alarm has been made The inhibit functionality is only available via the PC utility software For each alarm there is a drop down window in which it is possible to select the signals that must be present in order to inhibit the alarm GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 29 of 122 ...

Страница 30: ...ator voltage is below 30 of nominal The timer in 6160 is not used if digital running feedback is used Inhibit of the alarm is active as long as one of the selected inhibit functions is active In this example inhibit is set to Not run status and GB On Here the alarm will be active when the generator has started When the generator has been synchronised to the busbar the alarm will be disabled again ...

Страница 31: ... breaker relay will close for a short time for closing of the circuit breaker The open breaker relay will close for a short time for opening of the breaker Compact This type of signal will most often be used with a compact breaker a direct controlled motor driven breaker With the setting compact the GPC will use the close command and the open command relay The close breaker relay will close for a ...

Страница 32: ...ft ware If the two solutions are used together both requirements are to be met before closing of the breaker is al lowed Breaker LED indication To alert the user that the breaker close sequence has been initiated but is waiting for permission to give the close command the LED indication for the breaker will be flashing yellow in this case 4 4 Differential measurement Differential measurement requi...

Страница 33: ...rcooler temperature EIC Fuel temperature EIC Fuel delivery pressure EIC Air filter 1 diff pressure EIC Air filter 2 diff pressure EIC Fuel pump pressure EIC Filter diff pressure EIC Oil filter diff pressure EIC Crankcase pressure H8 x EXT Ana In 1 EXT Ana In 2 EXT Ana In 3 EXT Ana In 4 EXT Ana In 5 EXT Ana In 6 EXT Ana In 7 EXT Ana In 8 M15 6 Analogue 91 Analogue 93 Analogue 95 Analogue 97 M15 8 A...

Страница 34: ... Each alarm can be configured in two alarm levels for each differential measurement between the analogue inputs A and B as follows The configurations are done in menus 4610 4650 and 4680 4730 GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 34 of 122 ...

Страница 35: ...ured as inputs with dedicated logic func tions or they can be configured as alarm inputs Input functions The table below illustrates all the input functions available in the GPC 3 and shows in which operation mode the described function will be active X function can be activated GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 35 of 122 ...

Страница 36: ...al AVR down X Constant 18 Island mode X X Constant 19 Fixed frequency X X Constant 20 P load sharing X X Constant 21 Fixed P X X Constant 22 Frequency droop X X Constant 23 Ext GOV set point X X Constant 24 Fixed voltage X X Constant Option D1 25 Q load sharing X X Constant 26 Fixed PF X X Constant 27 Fixed Q X X Constant 28 Voltage droop X X Constant 29 Ext AVR set point X X Constant 30 Enable GB...

Страница 37: ...iew measurements alarms and the log 2 Start sync control The input starts the regulation and the control of the GOV AVR is performed by the GPC If the CB is open then synchronising will start and if the CB is closed then the selected method of regulation will depend on the mode input selection When the GB is closed and the input is OFF the GPC is in manual control mode and the dis play shows MANUA...

Страница 38: ...edges all present alarms and the alarm LED on the display stops flashing 12 Ext communication control When the input is activated the GPC is controlled from Modbus or Profibus only When load sharing mode is selected through the communication the analogue load sharing lines are used 13 Reset analogue GOV AVR outputs The analogue 20 mA controller outputs will be reset to 0 mA All analogue controller...

Страница 39: ... is implemented in the application before using this function The function of the application must be checked and tested carefully during the commission ing when the island mode input is used This is to ensure that no false breaker closings occur 19 Fixed frequency Input for selection of fixed frequency 20 P load sharing Input for selection of load sharing of the active power 21 Fixed P Input for ...

Страница 40: ...l down timer is used in the stop sequence after an activation of this input The genset will not shut down in case of serious alarms that would shut down the genset dur ing normal operation 35 Low speed Disables the regulators and keeps the genset running at a low RPM The governor must be prepared for this function 36 Battery test Activates the starter without starting the genset If the battery is ...

Страница 41: ...CANshare application Refer to the document Description of options Option G9 for a detailed description 45 52 BTB A BTB D pos feedback BTB feedbacks for BTB position supervision and control of LS sections in a CANshare application Refer to the document Description of options Option G9 for a detailed description Configuration The digital inputs are configured via the PC utility software Select the i...

Страница 42: ...roll down panel 4 6 Multi inputs The GPC unit has three multi inputs which can be configured to be used as the following input types 1 4 to 20 mA 2 0 to 40 V DC 3 Pt100 4 Pt1000 5 RMI oil 6 RMI water 7 RMI fuel 8 Digital GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 42 of 122 ...

Страница 43: ...an be changed in the PC utility software in order to get the correct reading in the display 4 6 2 0 to 40 V DC The 0 to 40 V DC input has primarily been designed to handle the battery asymmetry test 4 6 3 Pt100 1000 This input type can be used for heat sensor for example cooling water temp The unit of the measured value can be changed from Celsius to Fahrenheit in the PC utility software in order ...

Страница 44: ... 10 0 145 184 0 The configurable type is configurable with eight points in the range 0 to 480 Ω The resistance as well as the pressure can be adjusted If the RMI input is used as a level switch then be aware that voltage must not be connected to the input If any voltage is applied to the RMI input it will be damaged Refer to the Application Notes for further wiring information 4 6 6 RMI water This...

Страница 45: ...I input is used as a level switch then be aware that voltage must not be connected to the input If any voltage is applied to the RMI input it will be damaged Refer to the Application Notes for further wiring information 4 6 7 RMI fuel This RMI input is used for the fuel level sensor RMI sensor type Type 1 Value Resistance 0 78 8 Ω 100 1 6 Ω RMI sensor type Type 2 Value Resistance 0 3 Ω 100 180 Ω I...

Страница 46: ...points in the range 0 to 480 Ω The value as well as the resistance can be adjusted 4 6 8 Illustration of configurable inputs Setpoints Setpoint 1 Setpoint 2 Setpoint 3 Setpoint 4 Setpoint 5 Setpoint 6 Setpoint 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Value bar C or Resistance Ω Setpoint 8 GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 46 of 122 ...

Страница 47: ...on that fits the connected sensor It is recommended to follow the list below when changing the scaling of the analogue inputs 1 Set up the multi input for 4 to 20 mA This is done in menus 10980 11000 for multi inputs 102 108 and in menus 11120 11190 for option M15 or M16 2 Now the scaling parameters are available in menus 11010 11110 3 Activate the AUTO SCALE enable checkbox when setting up the in...

Страница 48: ...o 20 mA Decimals 0 Without use of decimals the set point can only be adjusted in steps of one bar which gives a very rough range of setting The display will show 0 to 5 bar in the measuring range 4 to 20 mA One decimal 0 to 5 bar oil pressure transducer 4 to 20 mA Decimals 1 Auto scale enable Decimals 1 AUTO SCALE enabled GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 48 of 122 ...

Страница 49: ...t of the figures is a button Scale the input as required for example 0 to 5 bar The display will then show 0 at 4 mA In order to get the alarm input to work again after changing the decimal setting it is necessary to make a readjustment of the alarm Change it to match the new selection of decimals Therefore when selecting decimals the selection of AUTO SCALE depends on whether the alarm inputs are...

Страница 50: ...ied again if the parameters are reloaded to the device If the file is saved with the AUTO SCALE enabled the minimum and maximum values of the alarm will be affected multiplied by 10 or 100 at the next use of the parameter file under certain conditions 4 6 11 Digital If the multi inputs are configured to Digital they become available as a configurable input 4 7 Event log 4 7 1 Logs The event loggin...

Страница 51: ...the list will be displayed if the cursor is placed below LAST and SEL is pressed The and push buttons are used to navigate in the list PC utility software Using the PC utility software the entire log stack of the last 150 events can be retrieved by activating the log button on the horizontal toolbar The alarms and events are displayed as indicated below The actual alarms are displayed in the text ...

Страница 52: ...put Ext GOV set point is activated the set point immediately changes from internal set point to external set point and the regulation acts accordingly This will give a sudden change in the governor control If a more smooth change of the set point is required the analogue input on the external set point must be changed stepwise Refer to the manual Description of option D1 for information regarding ...

Страница 53: ...2V 20 40 60 80 100 100 80 60 40 20 The scaling of the analogue input is done in parameter 2843 Max f P and 2844 Min f P Parameter Name Setting 2841 Max P range 100 2842 Min P range 20 2843 Max f P 10 V 2844 Min f P 2 V Scaling of fixed frequency The scaling of the analogue input is done in parameter 2843 Max f P and 2844 Min f P There is no scal ing of frequency range it will always be 5 Hz of the...

Страница 54: ...Min f P are shared between fixed frequency and fixed power because they both use the same analogue input Fixed var The scaling of the analogue input is done in parameters 2845 Max U Q and 286 Min U Q There is no scaling of var range it will always be from 0 to 100 of the nominal power set point GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 54 of 122 ...

Страница 55: ...U Q 10 V 2846 Min U Q 0 V Fixed voltage The scaling of the analogue input is done in parameters 2845 Max U Q and 286 Min U Q There is no scaling of voltage range it will always be 10 of the nominal voltage setting GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 55 of 122 ...

Страница 56: ...cause they both use the same analogue input 4 8 3 External set point selection There are various principles for the GPC to control the genset through set point selection These are internal or external set points or optional control via external communication Set points via external communication is optional Modbus H2 or Profibus H3 GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 56 of 1...

Страница 57: ...ON No Ext comm ctrl input ON Yes Yes Yes No End COMMUNICATION setpoint selected INTERNAL setpoint selected EXTERNAL setpoint selected M Logic Ext GOV AVR setpoint command ON Serial comm Ext GOV AVR setpoint command ON Setpoint via comm enabled menu 750x Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 57 of 122 ...

Страница 58: ...fferent fail classes can be used The tables below illustrate the action of each fail class when the en gine is running or stopped Engine running Fail class Action Alarm horn relay Alarm dis play De load Trip of GB Cooling down genset Stop gen set 1 Block X X 2 Warning X X 3 Trip of GB X X X 4 Trip and stop X X X X X 5 Shutdown X X X X 6 Safety stop X X X X X Safety stop will not de load the GB in ...

Страница 59: ...vate one or two relay outputs if additional relays are available in the unit 4 9 1 Fail class configuration The fail class can be selected for each alarm function either via the display or the PC software To change the fail class via the PC software the alarm function to be configured must be selected Select the desired fail class in the fail class drop down panel GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additiona...

Страница 60: ...frequency of 51 5 Hz there is a deviation of 1 5 Hz which is equal to a 3 deviation from the nominal setting The genset will then droop to 400 kW according to the vector diagram below Fnom fact 100 fact MIN MAX P KW DBH DBL HYSL HYSH SLPH SLPL 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 5 Fixed Power Setpoint 6 7 8 9 10 6 7 8 9 10 The vector diagram above is configured with the parameter settings as in the following tabl...

Страница 61: ...direction away from nominal set tings When the mains is starting to recover and the frequency is heading towards the nominal settings the power set point is waiting to be restored until the frequency is within the hysteresis limits If the hysteresis is disabled the power set point will simply be restored using the slope When drooping the slopes will be scaled based on size of the actual power at t...

Страница 62: ...poses The horn output will not activate on limit switch functions Automatic reset The horn relay function has an automatic reset function When the timer menu 6130 differs from 0 seconds the horn relay output resets itself when the delay has expired This is also the situation when the alarm is STILL present The horn output resets when the alarm is still present This is the function of the Automatic...

Страница 63: ...s delivered with one master language which is English This is the default language and it cannot be changed In addition to the master language 11 different languages can be configured This is done via the PC utility software Translations function The active language is selected in menu 6080 The language can be changed when connected to the PC utility software It is not possible to make language co...

Страница 64: ...d to the controller the backup will be erased The controller will reboot after a backup has been restored The backup is found in parameter 9230 Memory backup with the jump menu In this parameter you are able to backup or restore Internal battery alarm If the internal battery is dismounted during operation a failure will appear on the display 4 13 Load sharing 4 13 1 Load sharing The analogue load ...

Страница 65: ...ucer then the GPC 3 will decrease its load in order to match the voltage on the load sharing line The voltage on the load sharing line will only be different from the voltage from the internal power transducer if two or more Multi line 2 units are connected to the load sharing line For the same reason it is not necessa ry to change between load sharing mode and fixed frequency mode if the GPC 3 is...

Страница 66: ...ir nominal power Ramp up function In the menu 2610 it is possible to enable a power ramp up function when operating in load sharing mode When this function is enabled the GPC 3 will not balance the load immediately when the breaker is closed but will follow the adjusted power ramp up curve menu 2141 This means that the other generator s will carry the majority of the load during the time where the...

Страница 67: ...art Load sharing RAMP UP FUNCTION This diagram shows a situation after the breaker closes and where the ramp function is activated When DG 2 synchronises it loads up following the ramp curve Any variations in load will in principle be taken by DG 1 until the ramp sequence has ended In this diagram no delay point is used timer 2143 0 s kW time DG s loadsharing DG 1 DG 2 start DG 2 ramping GPC 3 DRH...

Страница 68: ...lay step 4 Delay step 5 Freeze power ramp A way to define the ramp up steps is to use the freeze power ramp command in M Logic Freeze power ramp active 1 The power ramp will stop at any point of the power ramp and this set point will be maintained as long as the function is active 2 If the function is activated while ramping from one delay point to another the ramp will be fixed until the function...

Страница 69: ...able length of 300 metres is no problem Remember to always use screened cable Load sharing type The output from the GPC 3 is by default adjusted to match other Multi line 2 and Uni line products from DEIF A S This selection enables the load share output to operate in the 5 V DC range If the load share type is changed to adjustable menu 6390 then the voltage level can be changed in the range 1 0 to...

Страница 70: ...ccur The solution to this is to decrease either the weight factor or the parameters of the frequency regulator 4 14 Power limit set point 4 14 1 Four stage power limit set point This function is a way of giving external commands to the ML 2 unit for max allowable produced power by digital inputs The parameters are 10420 to 10423 and they are only accessible from the PC utility software Four set po...

Страница 71: ...unction is to give the commissioning engineer a helpful tool for adjustment of the regulation When using the display arrows for increasing or decreasing the output will change as long as the button is active For the digital input and AOP buttons there is a timer so that it is possible to choose how long one pulse should be the timer can be set to 0 1 to 10 sec For the governor the timer parameter ...

Страница 72: ...t up in menu 6370 4 16 3 Modes active The GPC 3 is designed to control the generator before during and after synchronising However in rare ca ses it may become necessary to deactivate the regulation after the synchronising This can be the case for example if other load sharing equipment is installed or if an external power factor controller is installed Adjust this in menu 2500 The regulation will...

Страница 73: ...sets of nominal set points is typically used in appli cations where switching between 50 and 60 Hz is required Activation The switching between the nominal set points can be done in three ways digital input AOP or menu 6006 Digital input M Logic is used when a digital input is needed for switching between the four sets of nominal settings Select the required input among the input events and select...

Страница 74: ... nominal settings are available for the busbar menus 6050 and 6060 Switching between the busbar nominal settings can only be done through M Logic For details refer to the previous description about how to handle the generator nominal settings If required the phase angle between the generator and busbar can be adjusted if a transformer is installed between generator and busbar The adjustment is don...

Страница 75: ...l be ac tivated as long as there is an active alarm also if the alarm is acknowledged The controller has a self check function and a status relay output that responds to this function The status relay is prepared for 24 V DC 1 A and it is normally energised The self check is monitoring the programme execution Should this fail that is in the unlikely event of micro processor failure then the self c...

Страница 76: ...red as Limit relay The timer configured in the alarm window is an ON delay that determines the time during which the alarm conditions must be met before activation of any alarms or outputs When a relay is selected relay on terminal 5 in this example it must be set up as a limit relay as shown below otherwise an alarm indication will still appear GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A ...

Страница 77: ...ar and it is acknowledged 4 19 Service menu 4 19 1 Service menu The purpose of the service menu is to give information about the present operating condition of the genset The service menu is entered using the JUMP push button 9120 Service menu Use the service menu for easy troubleshooting in connection with the event log Entry window The entry window shows the possible selections in the service me...

Страница 78: ...or It is also possible just to use one of the functions if it is not desired to use both the start and the stop function The function load dependent start and stop does not give the possibilities of a power management system such as priority selection and available power calculations This means that the switchboard manufacturer must take care of starting and stopping the next genset s and their pr...

Страница 79: ...elay has expired the relay activates The relay deactivates when the load exceeds the stop level when the off delay has expired The off delay is adjustable Power Time STOP LIMIT Delay Off delay R STOP activates R STOP deactivates The load dependent start relay reacts based on the power measurement of the controller together with the breaker closed feedback Configuration The settings are configured ...

Страница 80: ...epending on the load dependent start stop relays The scenario shows that genset 2 starts when genset 1 reaches 80 The next genset to start is DG3 and the three sets load share at 53 When the load of all three gensets drops to the stop limit which is 20 the load dependent stop relay acti vates and a genset genset 3 in this example can be stopped The load continues to drop and at 20 load the next ge...

Страница 81: ...t to the closest grid voltage or to step up the voltage to minimise the losses in cables and also to bring down the cable size The applications where a step up transformer is needed is supported by the ML 2 The functions available in this application are 1 Synchronising with or without phase angle compensation 2 Voltage measurement displayed 3 Generator protections 4 Busbar protections A diagram o...

Страница 82: ...t point for the AVR and the voltage synchronising window dUMAX Example A 10000 V 400 V step up transformer is installed after a generator with the nominal voltage of 400 V The nominal voltage of the busbar is 10000 V Now the voltage of the busbar is 10500 V The generator is running 400 V before synchronising starts but when attempting to synchronise the AVR set point will be changed to UBUS MEASUR...

Страница 83: ... 150 210 8 8 120 240 10 10 60 300 11 11 30 330 Vector group 0 The phase shift is 0 degrees Yy0 example 1L1 1L2 1L3 HV side 2L1 2L2 2L3 LV generator side 1L1 to 2L1 phase angle is 0 degrees Phase compensation setting Parameter Function Setting 9141 BB mains generator angle compensation 0 degrees GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 83 of 122 ...

Страница 84: ...uld always be used when an ML 2 is used for a gen set Vector group 1 The phase shift is 30 degrees Dy1 example LV generator side 2L1 2L2 2L3 1L1 1L2 1L3 HV side 1L1 to 2L1 phase angle is 30 degrees Phase compensation setting Parameter Function Setting 9141 BB mains generator angle compensation 30 degrees GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 84 of 122 ...

Страница 85: ...be used when an ML 2 is used for a gen set Vector group 11 The phase angle shift is 11 30 330 30 degrees Dy11 example LV generator side 2L1 2L2 2L3 1L1 1L2 1L3 HV side 1L1 to 2L1 phase angle is 333 30 degrees Phase compensation setting Parameter Function Setting 9141 BB mains generator angle compensation 30 degrees GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 85 of 122 ...

Страница 86: ...ys be used when an ML 2 is used for a genset Vector group 6 The phase angle shift is 6 30 180 degrees Yy6 example 1L1 1L2 1L3 HV side 2L1 2L2 2L3 LV generator side 1L1 to 2L1 phase angle is 180 180 degrees Phase compensation setting Parameter Function Setting 9141 BB mains generator angle compensation 180 degrees GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 86 of 122 ...

Страница 87: ...9141 when vector group 6 is used Comparison table between different terminologies Vector group Clock notation Phase shift LV lag degrees compared to HV LV side lagging LV side leading 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 30 30 30 2 2 60 60 60 4 4 120 120 120 5 5 150 150 150 6 6 180 180 180 180 180 7 7 150 210 150 8 8 120 240 120 10 10 60 300 60 11 11 30 330 30 In the following the name vector group will be used GPC 3 DR...

Страница 88: ...the compensation is correct Before closing the breaker DEIF recommends that customers always measure the synchronisation themselves If voltage measurement is connected incorrectly the setting in parameter 9141 will be wrong The setting shown in the table above does not include any phase angle twist made by meas urement transformers The settings shown in the table above are not correct if a step do...

Страница 89: ...nominal current of 250 A and a nominal power of 140 kW The measurement transformer has a nominal voltage of 10 0 1 kV and no phase angle twist The nominal voltage of the busbar BB is 10 kV Because the generator s nominal voltage is 400 V there is no need for a measurement transformer on the LV side in this example The ML 2 can handle up to 690 V But it is still required to set up current transform...

Страница 90: ...nto a number between 100 and 690 V 4 20 4 Vector group for step down transformer In some applications there may also be a step down transformer This could be to transform a grid voltage down so the load can handle the voltage level The ML 2 controller is able to synchronise the busbar with the mains even if there is a step down transformer with a phase angle twist The transformer must be between t...

Страница 91: ...ect connection is shown below 2L1 2L2 2L3 Mains 1L1 1L2 1L3 AGC 3 AGC 4 PPU GPU PPM GPC AGC 200 79 61 81 63 83 65 85 68 87 70 89 72 Busbar Optional Load TB MB HV LV The connection shown in the picture should always be used when an ML 2 is used for a mains breaker GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Additional functions DEIF A S Page 91 of 122 ...

Страница 92: ... V Current transformer 500 1 A UGEN 690 V IGEN 500 A 690 V AC direct input 400 V The transformer is a Dy1 step down transformer with nominal settings of 690 400 V The generator has a nominal voltage of 690 V nominal current of 500 A and a nominal power of 480 kW There is no measurement transformer in this application because the ML 2 is able to handle the voltage lev els directly The nominal volta...

Страница 93: ...ransformer primary side There is none here 690 6042 HV measurement transformer secondary side There is none here 690 6043 Current transformer primary side 500 6044 Current transformer secondary side 1 6051 LV BB measurement transformer primary side There is none here 400 6052 LV BB measurement transformer secondary side There is none here 400 6053 Nominal LV setting of step up transformer 400 9141...

Страница 94: ...ety margin must be taken into consideration An example A power generation system must not reconnect to a network when the voltage is 85 of Un 0 U 110 0 In order to ensure reconnection within this interval a control unit s tolerance accuracy Class 1 of the measuring range has to be taken into consideration It is recommended to set a control unit s setting range 1 to 2 higher lower than the actual s...

Страница 95: ...cur at two different voltage levels even though the alarm set point is 10 in both cases Example The below 400 V AC system shows that the phase neutral voltage must change 20 when the phase phase voltage changes 40 volts 10 Example UNOM 400 230 V AC Error situation UL1L2 360 V AC UL3L1 360 V AC UL1 N 185 V AC ΔUPH N 20 UL3 L1 UL1 N UL1 L2 UL2 L3 UL2 N UL3 N 20 Phase neutral or phase phase both the ...

Страница 96: ...n the curve are fixed the current values can be adjusted in the range 50 to 200 Voltage and current values refer to the nominal settings Timer value can be adjusted in the range 0 1 to 10 0 s 5 2 Inverse time over current Formula and settings used The inverse time over current is based on IEC 60255 part 151 The function used is dependent time characteristic and the formula used is C 1 G G k TMS t ...

Страница 97: ...the time multiplier setting The constants k and c have a unit of seconds α has no dimension There is no intentional delay on reset The function will reset when G Gs Curve shapes Time characteristic t G GS GT GD GMAX GS Inom LIM GT 1 1 Gs GMAX 2 2 CTp GT Minimum trip current GMAX Maximum trip current Inom Nominal current setting CTp Current transformer primary GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Protections DE...

Страница 98: ...er setting The following constants apply to the predefined curves Curve type k c α IEC Inverse 0 14 0 0 02 IEC Very Inverse 13 5 0 1 IEC Extremely Inverse 80 0 2 IEEE Moderately Inverse 0 515 0 1140 0 02 IEEE Very Inverse 19 61 0 491 2 IEEE Extremely Inverse 28 2 0 1217 2 For the custom curve these constants can be defined by the user Setting Parameter no Factory setting value Equals k 1084 0 140 ...

Страница 99: ...se characteristic is selected the tripping time is dependent on how much the set point is exceeded The unit will calculate the exact tripping time depending on the alarm settings The alarm settings define a certain amount of energy that defines the longest possible tripping time When the set point is exceeded the measured energy is calculated according to the set point and the time delay If this v...

Страница 100: ...p of Non Essential Load NEL groups is carried out in order to protect the busbar against an imminent blackout situation due to either a high load current or overload on a generator set or a low busbar frequency The unit is able to trip three NEL groups due to the measured load of the generator set high load and overload the measured current of the generator set and the measured frequency at the bu...

Страница 101: ... a possible blackout at the busbar caused by an overload on the running generator sets NEL groups are set up in menu 1800 to 1910 5 5 Reset ratio hysteresis The reset ratio also known as hysteresis of the individual types of protections f Q P I and U can be adjus ted in menu 9040 Use the jump function to access this menu GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Protections DEIF A S Page 101 of 122 ...

Страница 102: ... Frequency χ Controls the frequency and frequency droop Power χ Controls the power in fixed power and during ramp up down P load sharing χ Controls the active power load sharing Voltage option D1 χ Controls the voltage and voltage droop Reactive power option D1 χ Controls the power factor and reactive power Q load sharing option D1 χ Controls the reactive power load sharing The tables below indica...

Страница 103: ...for the integral part Td The differential action time for the differential part The function of each part is described in the following 6 2 Proportional regulator When the regulation deviation occurs the proportional part will cause an immediate change of the output The size of the change depends on the gain Kp The diagram shows how the output of the P regulator depends on the Kp setting The chang...

Страница 104: ...a rather big output change This is shown in the drawing below 1 regulation deviation 5 20 mA kP 10 25 15 kP A 1 regulation deviation occurs With the Kp setting adjusted the deviation causes the output to change 5 mA The table shows that the output will change relatively much if the maximum speed range is low Max speed range Output change Output change in of max speed range 10 mA 5 mA 5 10 100 50 2...

Страница 105: ...p 1 Kp 50 Integral regulator The main function of the integral regulator is to eliminate offset The integral action time Ti is defined as the time the integral regulator uses to replicate the momentary change of the output caused by the proportional regulator In the drawing below the proportional regulator causes an immediate change of 2 5 mA The integral action time is then measured when the outp...

Страница 106: ...ial regulator The main purpose of the differential regulator D regulator is to stabilise the regulation thus making it possi ble to set a higher gain and a lower integral action time Ti This will make the overall regulation eliminate deviations much faster In most cases the differential regulator is not needed however in case of very precise regulation situations for example static synchronisation...

Страница 107: ...t 2 Td 1 s Output from the D regulator when Td 1 s and the deviation is according to Devia tion 2 The example shows that the bigger deviation and the higher Td setting the bigger output from the D regula tor Since the D regulator is responding to the slope of the deviation it also means that when there is no change the D output will be zero When commissioning keep in mind that the Kp setting has i...

Страница 108: ...ase the lifetime of the re lays 4 Dynamic range Down pulse The regulation is active and the decrease relay will be pulsing in order to eliminate the regulation deviation 5 Static range Fixed down signal The regulation is active but the decrease relay will be constantly activa ted because of the size of the regulation deviation As the drawing indicates the relays will be fixed ON if the regulation ...

Страница 109: ... ON ON ON GOV ON time test When adjusting the GOV ON time it is important to know how big a change in frequency the setting causes If it is set too high there is a risk that the frequency is adjusted past the deadband which will result in unsta ble regulation In manual mode the GOV ON time can be tested by enabling menu 2605 When doing so the GOV up relay will be activated once for the duration of...

Страница 110: ...elated to relay control Setting Description 2601 GOV ON time The minimum length of the relay pulse The relays will never be activated for a shorter time than the GOV ON time 2602 GOV period time The time between the beginning of two subsequent relay pulses 2603 GOV increase Relay output for GOV up command 2604 GOV decrease Relay output for GOV down command 2605 GOV ON time test Test function for t...

Страница 111: ...g with a positive slip frequency This means that it is running with a higher speed than the generator on the busbar The objective is to avoid a reverse power trip after the synchronisation The dynamic principle is illustrated below Synchronised Synchronisation principle dynamic synchronisation Speed 1503 RPM 50 1 Hertz Speed 1500 RPM 50 00 Hertz LOAD G GB G GB L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3 G...

Страница 112: ...y be zero Then the genset is synchronised to the busbar and the breaker will be closed 7 2 1 Close signal The unit always calculates when to close the breaker to get the most accurate synchronisation This means that the close breaker signal is actually issued before being synchronised read L1 phases exactly at 12 o clock The breaker close signal will be issued depending on the breaker closing time...

Страница 113: ...nts The dynamic synchroniser is selected in menu 2000 in the control setup and is adjusted in menu 2020 Sync Setting Description Comment 2021 fMAX Maximum slip frequency Adjust the maximum positive slip frequency where synchro nising is allowed 2022 fMIN Minimum slip frequency Adjust the maximum negative slip frequency where synchro nising is allowed 2023 UMAX Maximum voltage differrence value The...

Страница 114: ...ery close to the same speed as the generator on the busbar The aim is to let them run at exactly the same speed and with the phase angles between the three phase system of the generator and the three phase system of the busbar matching exactly It is not recommended to use the static synchronisation principle when relay regulation out puts are used This is due to the slower nature of the regulation...

Страница 115: ...non existing To get a faster synchronisation a close window can be adjusted The close signal can be issued when the phase angle UGENL1 UBBL1 is within the adjusted set point The range is 0 1 to 20 0 deg This is illustra ted in the drawing below close window Max dU difference Max dU difference UBB UGEN Direction of rotation The synchronisation pulse is sent according to the settings in menu 2030 Sy...

Страница 116: ... the busbar mains and the generator value 2032 Maximum dU The maximum allowed voltage difference between the bus bar mains and the generator value related to the nominal generator volt age 2033 Closing win dow The size of the window where the synchronisation pulse can be released value 2034 Static sync Minimum time inside the phase window before sending a close command 2035 Static type Selection o...

Страница 117: ...2 L3 is above 20 deg The vector mismatch alarm will by default block the GB close sequence but the fail class can be configured in parameter 2196 If the phase sequence does not match for example cable mounted incorrectly a Phase seq error will appear and block the GB close sequence The vector mismatch timer should be set to a value lower than the GB sync failure timer pa rameter 2131 GPC 3 DRH 418...

Страница 118: ...un ning has been detected on the voltage and frequency the regulation mode will change according to the regu lation mode inputs After the GB has been closed the control of the asynchronous generator is the same as for the synchronous type 7 7 Blackout closing If required the unit can be enabled to close the GB on a dead bus This can be handled in one of the follow ing ways 1 Enable GB black closin...

Страница 119: ...ake external precautions to avoid simultaneous closing of two or more breakers onto a dead bus 7 8 Separate synchronising relay When the unit gives the synchronising command the relays on terminal 17 18 19 generator breaker will ac tivate and the breaker must close when this relay output is activated This default function can be modified using a digital input and extra relay outputs dependent on t...

Страница 120: ...tivates when the voltage and frequency are OK High Synchronising The relays will activate in two steps when the synchronising is selected 1 Breaker ON relay activates 2 When synchronised the sync relay activates See note below Blackout closing The breaker ON relay and the sync relay activate at the same time when the voltage and frequency are OK Synchronising Not possible Blackout closing The brea...

Страница 121: ...he MB will start Mains condition Ok 2281 2284 Delay act rec2 2291 Yes No Mains failure Close Mains breaker Recovery del 2 2294 Recovery del 1 2292 Delay act rec2 Expires 2291 Mains condition Ok 2281 2284 Yes If the Delay activate recovery 2 timer runs out the long interruption timer menu 2294 Recovery del 2 will start to run Examples Recovery timer 1 short interruption timer Menu 2291 3 s Menu 229...

Страница 122: ...low the MB to reconnect as soon as the mains voltage and frequency have been uninterrupted within the timer setting in menu 2294 Recovery del 2 Then the MB can be closed The inhibit parameters for synchronising the MB are disabled by default GPC 3 DRH 4189340587 UK Synchronisation DEIF A S Page 122 of 122 ...

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