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Appendix B: GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations

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B-3a Industry Canada Regulations - English

Industry Canada published it regulations for ground penetrating radar (GPR) on Mar 29 2009 as
part of the RSS-220 titled 'Devices Using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Technology'.
Industry Canada has made a unique exception for GPR by not requiring user licensing. The
user does have to comply with the following directives:

This Ground Penetrating Radar Device shall be operated only when in contact with or within 1 m
of the ground.

This Ground Penetrating Radar Device shall be operated only by law enforcement agencies,
scientific research institutes, commercial mining companies, construction companies, and
emergency rescue or firefighting organizations.

Should the ground penetrating radar be used in a wall-penetrating mode then the following
restriction should be noted by the user:

This In-wall Radar Imaging Device shall be operated where the device is directed at the wall
and in contact with or within 20 cm of the wall surface.
This In-wall Radar Imaging Device shall be operated only by law enforcement agencies,
scientific research institutes, commercial mining companies, construction companies, and
emergency rescue or firefighting organizations.

Since operation of GPR is on a license-exempt basis, the user must accept the following:

Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference,
and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause
undesired operation of the device.

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Summary of Contents for LMX200 Series

Page 1: ...2015 00158 09 ...

Page 2: ...ii ...

Page 3: ... fax it to 1 905 624 9365 or register your product online at www sensoft ca product registration Name Company Name Address City State Province Zip Code Country e mail Phone Fax Component Serial Numbers refer to packing list or the sticker on the component Comp Serial Comp Serial Comp Serial Comp Serial Comp Serial Comp Serial Comp Serial Comp Serial Comp Serial Comp Serial Vendor Name Date Receive...

Page 4: ...Product Registration iv ...

Page 5: ...sors Software Inc retains worldwide title and rights to all its software and that the SOFTWARE PRODUCT contains proprietary materials protected under copyright trademark and trade secret laws Grant of Software Product License In consideration of payment of the license fee which is the price you pay for the SOFTWARE PRODUCT and your agreement to abide by the terms and conditions of this License Agr...

Page 6: ...eteness is not guaranteed Before using this product you must evaluate it and determine if it is suitable for your intended application You assume all risks and liability associated with such use Any statements related to the product which are not contained in Sensors Software Inc current publications or any contrary statements contained on your purchase order shall have no force or effect unless e...

Page 7: ... apply to you General No right license or interest to any Sensors Software Inc trademarks is granted hereunder with the purchase of the PRODUCT or the SOFTWARE PRODUCT license Governing Law In the event of any conflict between any provision in this license agreement and limited warranty and any applicable provincial legislation the applicable provincial legislation takes precedence over the contra...

Page 8: ...are Inc 1040 Stacey Court Mississauga Ontario Canada L4W 2X8 Tel 905 624 8909 Toll Free 1 800 267 6013 Fax 905 624 9365 E mail customerservice sensoft ca Sensors Software Inc trademarks are listed at www sensoft ca trademarks 1999 00236 04 ...

Page 9: ...e battery charger AC adapter The battery charger AC adapter is rated for indoors use only Do not replace detachable MAINS supply cords for the battery charger AC adapter by inadequately RATED cords Do not position the Display Unit such that it is difficult to disconnect the 37 pin GPR connector The exterior of this product should be cleaned using a damp cloth Safety Symbols Consult this documentat...

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Page 11: ...een Saver 34 4 1 9 GPR Plot Options 34 4 1 10 Reset to Defaults 35 4 2 System Test 36 4 2 1 System Information 36 4 2 2 Keypad Test 37 4 2 3 Audio 38 4 2 4 Touch Screen 38 4 2 5 Sensor Test 39 4 2 6 Odometer Calibration 40 4 2 7 GPS 42 4 3 File Management 45 4 3 1 Screenshot Gallery 45 4 3 2 Delete All Data 47 4 3 3 Delete Project Enhanced system 47 4 3 4 Export Data 47 5 GPR Concepts 49 5 1 Theor...

Page 12: ... path 77 7 3 4 Flags 78 7 3 5 LineView 78 7 3 6 Recollecting skipping lines 79 7 3 7 Processing data 80 8 SliceView 81 8 1 Depth 81 8 2 LineView 82 8 3 Color 82 8 4 Options 84 8 4 1 Grid Lines 84 8 4 2 Flags 85 8 4 3 Interps 85 8 5 Recollecting lines 85 9 MapView 87 9 1 Accessing MapView 87 9 2 MapView screen 88 9 2 1 Options Layer views 89 10 Capturing Screens E mailing Mini Reports 93 10 1 Captu...

Page 13: ...y Care 109 13 2 Cable Care 110 13 3 Skid Pads 110 13 4 Odometer 110 13 5 Storage Cases 110 13 6 Upgrading Embedded Software on Display Unit 110 14 Parts List Accessories 113 14 1 Spare Parts 113 14 2 Accessories 115 15 Technical Specifications 117 Appendix A Health Safety Certification 119 Appendix B GPR Emissions Interference and Regulations 121 Appendix C Instrument Interference 129 Appendix D S...

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Page 15: ...rids right in the field UWB ultra wide band Antenna producing highest data quality Dynamic Target Enhancement DynaT allows user to selectively view small medium or large subsurface targets Lightweight fibreglass cart frame Built in Wi Fi capability Integrated GPS receiver with optional external GPS for increased positional accuracy for geo referencing data Ability to mark surface flags and subsurf...

Page 16: ... lines 999 screenshots File organization Lines Grids Screenshots Projects containing Lines Grids Screenshots PC based data display Any JPG viewing software Data can be opened in EKKO_Project Online training videos for the LMX200 can be found on Sensors Software s website at https www sensoft ca training events training lmx200 training videos Note you will need to setup a login password to access t...

Page 17: ...2 1 Out of the box You will find the following components in your LMX200 box Some of these may already be assembled Attach the Cart Handle to Cart Base using the Handle Pins Ensure the Display Unit Tray is facing the operator ...

Page 18: ...r Styrofoam under the sensor before securing the Sensor Support Straps Attach the Display Unit onto the Display Unit Tray on the Cart The Display unit slides down into the tray catching on both sides of the mount and is held in place with the pull pin When a click is heard the Display Unit is firmly in place Adjust the angle of the Display Unit by loosening the hand screws underneath the Display U...

Page 19: ...onnect the other end of the cable to the Sensor Ensure the cable is routed as shown below Attach the Odometer and Battery Cables The Odometer Cable connects to the closest receptacle on the Sensor Attach the Battery Cable to the Sensor and the Battery The system is now setup and ready to use ...

Page 20: ...with the quick release pin This allows the GPS to sit directly over the middle of the GPR sensor It comes with 5 8 11 UNC 1A threads at the top of the pole which is standard for many GPS receivers GPS If you have purchased the Topcon GPS from Sensors Software this can be screwed onto the threads at the top of the GPS mount Connect one end of the GPS cable to the GPS receiver and the other end to t...

Page 21: ... shown below it must have its own battery or way of receiving power GPS must not expect any handshaking from the Display Unit NOTE Since the serial port of the Display Unit outputs power current 1A voltage 12V it is the responsibility of the user to confirm with the 3rd party GPS manufacturer that the serial cable does not provide power to the GPS or that the GPS will accept 12V power from our ser...

Page 22: ...Assembly 22 2 3 Fully Assembled The fully assembled LMX200 will look like the following Simply reverse directions to disassemble for transport ...

Page 23: ...power remaining 100 to 20 green 20 to 10 orange 10 to 0 red The first time you turn on the LMX200 you will need to configure the system Figure 3 1 A series of screen prompts will allow you to setup the language units date time and some other options You will have to do this again anytime you update the embedded software Section 13 6 Every subsequent time the system boots up you will see the main s...

Page 24: ...n Section 1 From the main menu of the Enhanced system select the project number to work in Projects that contain data are in red color whereas those with no data are in green As you change projects the main screen will also display the number of lines and grids collected in each project These will appear under the Line Scan and Grid Scan buttons respectively ...

Page 25: ...e Display Unit offers touch screen operation as well as a water resistant membrane keypad with a number of buttons that can be pressed to perform various tasks Most operations can be done using either the touch screen or the keypad Use the following table as a guide to working with the keypad on the Display Unit Item Description Menu Buttons The yellow buttons labelled 1 to 8 correspond to menu ch...

Page 26: ... External and the signal strength Wi Fi Network Indicates if the system is connected to a wireless network and if so the name of the network See Section 4 1 6 for details on connecting the system to a wireless network Volume The Volume and buttons are used to increase and decrease speaker volume Brightness The Brightness and buttons are used to increase and decrease the screen brightness For examp...

Page 27: ...ter this sub menu Here you can set preferences adjust system settings perform system tests and manage files You will see the screen shown in Figure 4 1 Figure 4 1 Tools Menu 4 1 Preferences Selecting the preferences option will take you to the sub menu shown in Figure 4 2 Figure 4 2 Setting Preferences ...

Page 28: ...untry Region is displayed Press the and buttons on either side of the displayed Country Region to alphabetically move to the next or previous country or region Alternatively both Language and Country Region can be changed by pressing the and buttons on the bottom of the screen Press Back when you are done Figure 4 3 Changing Language and Country Region 4 1 2 Units Pressing Units will cycle between...

Page 29: ...ally restaurants hotels and airports that require a web based login and acceptance of their Terms Conditions It also CANNOT connect to unsecured networks networks that do not require a password If you are already connected to a Wi Fi network the name of the network is listed beside the Wi Fi Network field Selecting Wi Fi Settings takes you to a sub menu Figure 4 4 for connecting and configuring Wi...

Page 30: ... if you are currently connected to that network o Scan Scans for any available networks in the area and displays them in order of strength of signal You may need to press this button a second time if you don t see the network you are looking for o Details Pressing this button displays the security settings and device addresses related to the selected network o Back Press this button to return to t...

Page 31: ...ave when both Username and Password have been entered Figure 4 6 Entering e mail address a and password b for GMAIL If there are no warning messages the e mail address is setup properly and you are ready to e mail mini reports from the field If this does not work see the Failed Setup section below Using Another Provider Note It is highly recommended to use a GMAIL account as the system is pre conf...

Page 32: ...or some common e mail providers If your provider is not listed it can usually be found by searching online for SMTP host name provider where provider is the host name e g Yahoo or AOL Press OK when done Press Server Port to display a keyboard where you can enter the port number used by the email server Searching online for host name will usually provide the port number for that e mail provider In ...

Page 33: ...address or password was entered incorrectly try re entering these fields 2 Hostname port or SSL setting are incorrect 3 Your email security settings may need to be adjusted which may require you to login to your e mail account from a PC or mobile device An example of the GMAIL security settings is shown below current as of writing this manual For other e mail providers you may need to modify the s...

Page 34: ... Screen Saver can be set to turn the screen off after 1 minute 5 minutes or never OFF setting Pressing this button cycles between those three options When the screensaver is activated and the screen shuts off touch anywhere on the screen to turn it back on again 4 1 9 GPR Plot Options Selecting this option will display the screen in Figure 4 8 ...

Page 35: ...button is pressed on the keypad 4 1 10 Reset to Defaults Selecting this option at the bottom of the screen will reset all settings preferences back to the default settings Figure 4 9 Pressing this will ask you to confirm the Reset to Defaults If Yes is selected the next screen will ask if you would like to remove all saved wireless networks and e mails addresses Figure 4 9 Reset to Defaults a Imag...

Page 36: ...sed or failed the test Each test is described below in more detail Figure 4 10 System Test menu 4 2 1 System Information System Information is the only option in System Test which is not actually a test Here information such as the version serial numbers temperature and battery power are displayed Figure 4 11 There are two options at the bottom of this screen Export If a USB key is currently inser...

Page 37: ...Software This is to help with gathering information about any system irregularities As the name suggests the notification is completely anonymous and no personal information is sent 4 2 2 Keypad Test The keypad test ensures that all buttons on the membrane keypad are working Press Start to begin the test which requires the user to press each button once within a 20 second timeframe Figure 4 12 Fig...

Page 38: ...hear a sound with an increasing pitch Figure 4 13 Audio Test 4 2 4 Touch Screen The test checks proper operation of the touch screen Figure 4 14 It allows you to test the screen by pressing Test or perform a quick calibration followed by a test by pressing Calibrate Both involve touching targets on the screen in the allotted time Figure 4 14 Touch Screen test on the left Touch Screen calibration t...

Page 39: ... proper operation of the GPR sensor including the amplitude of the pulse Once the cart is tipped backwards and start is pressed it will conduct the test Figure 4 15 If there are any irregularities the test will indicate failure Figure 4 15 Sensor Test ...

Page 40: ...he screen in Figure 4 16 The following options exist Figure 4 16 Screen displaying current odometer calibration Odometer Test This test verifies the odometer is calibrated properly It involves moving the system a set distance 5m or 10 depending on units used and comparing the value obtained to a known value The screen in Figure 4 17 will be displayed once Odometer Test is pressed Press Start to be...

Page 41: ...e right Odometer Calibration This option actually calibrates the odometer Figure 4 19 Choose a set distance from the screen or select Custom Then press Start and move the system that exact distance using a measuring tape or other known distance indicator Press Finish when you have travelled that distance ...

Page 42: ... is significantly out of range the test will fail Figure 4 20 right image The odometer calibration value is stored in the Display Unit If the Display Unit is changed or swapped out you will need to run the Odometer Calibration test again Figure 4 20 Results of successful Odometer Calibration Left Image on Right shows a failure as calibration is out of range 4 2 7 GPS The GPS test will ensure that ...

Page 43: ...s DGPS Pressing Strings will display the raw data strings that are outputted by the GPS Figure 4 22 as they scroll down the screen The user may select this option to verify the GPS is outputting the proper NMEA string format Figure 4 22 GPS Strings Pressing Clear will clear the strings Pressing Info will return to the main GPS test menu Press GPS Setup to see the screen in Figure 4 23 ...

Page 44: ... 4 21 o Serial Port Power the serial port on the back of the Display Unit can output power thereby enabling a single cable to be used for the GPS power and data When you purchase the GPS from Sensors Software this cable is included However if you use a 3rd party GPS you need to determine if the GPS can accept power via the serial port Check the pin out diagram in Section 2 2 Pressing the On button...

Page 45: ...Figure 4 25 a LMX200 system on left displays the total number of lines grids and screenshots saved on the system b The LMX200 Enhanced system on the right displays the lines grids and screenshots for a given project in the middle column The right column displays the total for each that are saved on the system A description of each of the buttons is given below 4 3 1 Screenshot Gallery This allows ...

Page 46: ...may use the most recent one which will be listed by default Pressing the button to the left of the e mail address displays the last 5 e mail addresses used allowing the user to easily select a recently used email address rather than re entering it Expand press this button to show the selected screenshot as a full screen image On the subsequent screen press Tile View to return to the screen display...

Page 47: ...you are sure press Yes to continue deleting press No to cancel 4 3 4 Export Data Screenshots and data are always saved to the internal memory of the Display Unit If a USB drive memory stick is inserted into the USB port on the Display Unit the Export Data button will be available otherwise it will be greyed out In the LMX200 pressing the Export Data button will copy all the data files to the USB d...

Page 48: ...Tools Setup 48 ...

Page 49: ...e GPR display shows signal amplitude versus depth time and sensor position along a line This is called a Line Scan Since radar energy radiates in a 3D cone shape rather than a thin beam a hyperbola or inverted U is the GPR response from a small point target like a pipe rock or a tree root The radar wave hits the object before and after going over it and forms a hyperbolic reflection that can appea...

Page 50: ...𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 For the LMX200 velocity is indicated by the Soil Calibration Value known as Soil Cal Once the Soil Cal values are set the measured depths will be determined accurately Section 6 7 6 5 4 Soil Calibration values Below is a table of common subsurface materials and their corresponding Soil Cal This is only a guideline and there is some variation based on the fact that there can be a mix...

Page 51: ...ays how air wave reflections affect data An important part of understanding the data image is learning to recognize these unwanted air targets and distinguish them from the targets in the ground Good field notes are indispensable for helping identify unwanted events on the data The best way to identify air reflections is the target hyperbola method Hyperbolas from above ground objects are wider th...

Page 52: ...GPR Concepts 52 ...

Page 53: ... the GPS signal which is based on the number of satellites that it sees The chart below explains what the colours and bars mean Indicator Color of bars of Satellites Red 1 4 Orange 2 5 Green 3 6 7 Green 4 8 9 Green 5 10 6 1 Selecting a line To select the desired line press the and buttons under Line Number on the bottom of the screen Alternatively pressing the line number button itself will show t...

Page 54: ...the currently displayed line Longer lines will take a few extra seconds to load Delete pressing this will delete the line It will prompt you to confirm before deleting When using the LMX200 there is a MapView button at the bottom of the Line Scan screen The details of the MapView button are explained in Section 9 Figure 6 2 Line Scan mode showing a line that was previously collected a LMX200 on le...

Page 55: ... collection will automatically be stopped and the line will be saved If Auto Hide Buttons is set to ON Section 4 1 9 the menu at the bottom of the screen disappears as soon as you start collecting new data thereby maximizing the data display area When the user stops backs up or presses a button on the keypad the menu reappears Figure 6 4 Line Scan acquisition mode showing collected data and axis l...

Page 56: ...GPR sensor As you pull the cart backwards the Position Indicator moves to mark the current location of the cart in the image and a box appears with the current position relative to the start of the line listed as the top number Figure 6 5 a Back up Indicator b Moving the Depth Indicator to the top of the hyperbola Depth Indicator A short red horizontal line corresponds to the current depth value a...

Page 57: ...ox or cross hair to the desired position Figure 6 6 Touch screen to get depth and horizontal position at any point Pressing Stop ends the line This line is saved internally on the system and cannot be added to Use the Left and Right directional arrow buttons to scroll and view data not currently displayed on the screen 6 5 Flags Flags are often inserted to mark noteworthy surface features such as ...

Page 58: ...he LineView display this is explained at the beginning of this chapter Figure 6 8 SplitView display showing LineView on the left half and MapView on the right half The current position of the system is shown as a blue dot with a green circle around it on the MapView display As the system is moved and data is collected your position is updated on the MapView side of the display The path travelled i...

Page 59: ...d MapView will display all lines collected with an external GPS and grids collected with internal or external GPS collected in a single project However if lines grids in a project or any lines grids in an LMX200 are collected far apart MapView will only display them if they are collected within a 2 5km radius of the currently selected line In this case the data shown in the MapView display will fo...

Page 60: ...urn to full screen LineView If you are reviewing previously collected data you will see the MapView button instead Pressing this will take you to a full screen MapView display which is also explained in Section 9 6 7 View Settings From the screen shown in Figure 6 7 or Figure 6 8 press the LineView Settings button to see options at the bottom of the screen Figure 6 11 These options described below...

Page 61: ...m to 8m 3 to 25 see Figure 6 12 If the data was collected with a shallower depth the depth setting can still be increased after the fact when reviewing the data In general it s a good idea to set your displayed depth to 1 5 2 times the depth you expect the deepest target to be Position Pressing and under the Position button allows you to change the length of data displayed on a single screen This ...

Page 62: ...Line Scan 62 Figure 6 12 Varying displayed depth Figure 6 13 Varying position or horizontal scaling ...

Page 63: ...he data However it will also filter out other flat lying responses such as soil boundaries so be careful when using this option if your target is flat It works by applying a running average background subtraction to the data set defined by the filter width or a window This window moves across the data and the result is subtracted for every trace in the data set The Filter is variable and pressing ...

Page 64: ...nger in the image Gain values vary from 1 to 9 where 1 means a minimal amplification has been applied and 9 means that maximum amplification has been applied Pressing this button increments the gain once you reach 9 it cycles back to 1 Avoid over gaining the data as it can make interpretation difficult Figure 6 16 In general soils that are more electrically conductive e g clays will require a high...

Page 65: ...user to enhance part of the ultra wide band UWB spectrum to focus on those desired features Selecting Small will show more of the smaller hyperbolas and more detail whereas Large will focus more on the larger targets with better depth penetration Selecting All will show a combination of small medium and large targets Figure 6 17 DynaT settings a Top left shows All b Top right set to Small targets ...

Page 66: ... Cal using the hyperbola fitting method Figure 6 18 These options are explained below Soil Types If there are no targets to calibrate to and you know the type of soil press this button to vary between the following mediums with the pre set Soil Cal value shown in brackets o very wet soil 60 o wet soil 80 o moist soil 100 o dry soil 120 o very dry soil 150 o air 300 this value can be used to check ...

Page 67: ...nd if you press Soil Cal while you are collecting data or have pressed Stop you will see a red hyperbola in the middle of the screen Drag the hyperbola such that it lies over a real hyperbola from the ground Figure 6 19 You can use the 4 way keypad arrows to fine tune the movements ...

Page 68: ...n Interps are used to mark subsurface features Seven colours are available which allow you to designate different types of subsurface objects Either during collection back up or review you can simply touch anywhere on the screen to add an Interpretation This appears as a dot of whatever colour is selected To change the color press the Interp button to see a selection of colours and to select a new...

Page 69: ...screen This might be useful if you want to collect a series of parallel lines over a target and show all the passes on the screen for comparison Once you collect some data press Pause You can now move the LMX200 without data scrolling on the screen When you are ready to resume collecting data press Start You will see a thick red vertical line corresponding to when you hit the Pause button and then...

Page 70: ...on the screen to highlight targets and features Touch the screen where you want the head of the arrow to appear and then swipe away in the direction of the shaft In the example in Figure 6 18 the user touched near the hyperbola then swept their finger towards the top left to create the arrow Just like Interps any number of arrows can be drawn on this screen Touch any arrow to remove it Remember th...

Page 71: ... 7 1 Grid Scan setup from the Enhanced system On the standard LMX200 it will be the same except there will not be a project number 7 1 1 Grid Number To select a grid number press the and buttons under Grid Number at the bottom of the screen Alternatively pressing the grid number button itself will show the screen in Figure 7 2 From here you can go directly to any grid Grids that contain no data wi...

Page 72: ...d Resolution at the bottom of the screen Alternatively you can press the and buttons on the screen beside Grid Resolution on the upper part of the screen Available options are 0 25m 0 5m and 1 0m in metric units and 1 2 5 feet in US standard units The best images will result when the smallest resolution value is used Calculating Resolution The size of target will determine line spacing The system ...

Page 73: ...ly but they can be ended early if there is an obstruction Figure 7 3 X Lines and Y Lines relative to the Origin Step 2 Layout the Grid for maximum accuracy it s very important to establish a right angle triangle Figure 7 4 The easiest way is to use a single tape measure and refer to the diagram below Start at the origin walk out the desired distance for X axis A and mark that point Then then turn ...

Page 74: ...nt work for grass and chalk or paint on concrete It is also recommended to paint a distance measurement every so often in case you forget which line you re on Figure 7 5 Marking the line spacing and starting positions for every line Step 4 Mark the End Positions if you are doing a forward only grid it is recommended to mark the end positions Figure 7 6 You will need to aim for something to make su...

Page 75: ...y line crosses the target at right angles Keep this in mind when laying out the grid and the orientation Sometimes laying out a grid with straight lines and corners at 90 degree angles can be difficult An example grid layout is shown in Figure 7 7 Figure 7 7 Example of a grid survey The red lines are superimposed just to illustrate the concept ...

Page 76: ...cted The left half of the screen will display the last grid line collected Figure 7 8 Grid collection screen prior to any data collection Press Start when you are positioned at the start of the line Push the system in a straight line towards the end of the line The system knows the length of each line and will automatically stop acquisition once that distance has been covered If the data acquisiti...

Page 77: ...software will move you to the start of next line You now have the option to collect a reverse line from the other direction Press the Grid Line minus button to move to the previous line but in the reverse direction Alternatively you can also press the left or down arrow depending which axis you re on on the 4 way directional keypad to move to the previous line in the reverse direction The name of ...

Page 78: ...These markers may help you correlate subsurface targets with above ground features Pressing the asterisk button on the keypad will insert a flag at your current position The flag is displayed on the line scan image Figure 7 9 and will also show up on the depth slices in SliceView Section 8 Flags are sequentially numbered 7 3 5 LineView To display the currently selected grid line on the full screen...

Page 79: ...e in LineView If the Soil Cal is changed the depth slices will be reprocessed Figure 7 12 LineView screen 7 3 6 Recollecting skipping lines You may want to recollect a line if you make a mistake To move to a different line Press the and buttons under Grid Line OR Touch any line on the grid image on the right OR Use the 4 way directional keypad Then simply hit Start You will be prompted with a mess...

Page 80: ...arpest images A message will display advising the Soil Cal that will be used Figure 7 14 If you have adjusted this already for the ground you are on you can press OK to proceed and create the depth slices If not then it is recommended to press Cancel and adjust the Soil Cal by using a good hyperbola on one of the collected lines Then return and press SliceView and press OK to proceed and create th...

Page 81: ...the grid lines and any flags or interpretations that were made The shaded area in between the horizontal red lines corresponds to the depth slice shown on the right To move to another grid line use the 4 way directional keypad on the Display Unit At the top of the screen the grid number is listed along with the Soil Cal value and slice thickness range The button functionality is explained below 8 ...

Page 82: ...ces to be re processed Users may want to change these display settings to make it easier to correlate line scan data with depth slices 8 3 Color This heading has two button functions beneath it a Color Palette The number corresponds to the color palette used for the depth slice image Pressing this button cycles between the 9 available color palettes available on the system b Color Sensitivity cycl...

Page 83: ... Varying the sensitivity from top to bottom Low Medium and High settings High shows more subtle targets but may sometimes appear cluttered while the Low setting only displays the strongest targets so be cautious when using it ...

Page 84: ...ON all the collected lines are displayed When set to PARTIAL only some of the grid lines are displayed This may be necessary for some larger grids as having all the grid lines ON tends to obscure the image beneath Figure 8 4 The currently selected line is always shown in white Figure 8 4 Varying the Grid Lines from top to bottom ON PARTIAL and OFF settings ...

Page 85: ...iceView you may discover that one or more grid lines need to be recollected for example maybe the starting position was offset If so you will need to enter the Grid Scan menu again and select the appropriate grid number and press Start the grid number will be in red since data exists Select the grid line that needs to be recollected When you press Start it will display a prompt confirming if you w...

Page 86: ...SliceView 86 ...

Page 87: ...en viewed in MapView MapView only works if GPS data is collected with the GPR data This is what allows the lines and or grids to be positioned correctly with the right orientation If you use the internal GPS only grid data will be shown in MapView If an external GPS is connected both line and grid data will be shown 9 1 Accessing MapView MapView can be accessed the following ways From the main scr...

Page 88: ...ll see an image similar to the one in Figure 9 3 The available options are described below Figure 9 3 MapView screen If a grid is collected and depth slices have been processed this button is available otherwise it is greyed out Pressing the buttons under Depth Slice will increase or decrease the depth of the depth slice currently displayed ...

Page 89: ...oned properly 9 2 1 Options Layer views Pressing the Options button will allow you to customize what is shown in the MapView display The screen will be split between the Layer options on the left and the MapView display on the right Figure 9 4 Figure 9 4 Setting layer options in MapView Press the ON or OFF button beside each option to show or hide that particular feature on the display on the righ...

Page 90: ... This button controls whether the display in the MapView window is locked or moves with the user s position If Lock Location shows OFF the current status is ON and pressing the button will turn the status to OFF When the status is ON the MapView window is locked so if you move outside the limits of the displayed window the screen will not center itself Instead a green arrow will appear in the wind...

Page 91: ... highlighted in blue During this time you can touch the screen and drag your finger a certain distance to get a measurement value for that distance The distance value is displayed in the bottom left corner in yellow of MapView Figure 9 7 Pressing the Measure button again exits from Measure mode and removes the yellow measured line and the measured value Figure 9 7 Using the Measure tool to draw a ...

Page 92: ...re collected within a 2 5km radius of the currently selected line In this case the data shown in the MapView display will follow the rules in the order below Centre around the currently selected line or Centre around the highest line number collected with GPS or Centre around the highest grid number collected with GPS If data exists outside the 2 5km radius it will display the error message shown ...

Page 93: ...filename of the saved image Figure 10 1 Figure 10 1 Message displayed after pressing the camera button on the Display Unit to capture the screen no Wi Fi present If you are connected to a wireless network and have a sending e mail address configured the user will see the message in Figure 10 2 asking if you would like to email the screenshot and prompts you to enter the email address The email add...

Page 94: ...le you may be able to use your Smartphone as a Wi Fi access point by creating a Personal Hotspot If you are experiencing difficulty connecting to a cell phone Personal Hotspot ensure that the phone is in discovery mode while connecting On iPhone iOS 9 0 for example this involves going to Settings Personal Hotspot Ensure that the Personal Hotspot setting is turned on and wait on this screen until t...

Page 95: ...ice versa if you have a Personal Hotspot setup attempting to connect to a Wi Fi network may disconnect your personal hotspot 10 3 Mini Reports When a screenshot is e mailed it is sent as part of a mini report This mini report also contains a table with information about the collected data including the settings used date time Figure 10 3 ...

Page 96: ...Capturing Screens E mailing Mini Reports 96 Figure 10 3 Example of a Mini Report ...

Page 97: ...lick Yes Figure 11 2 When a USB drive is connected to the Display Unit a message opens asking if you would like to export all your data to it Select Yes to transfer immediately If you select No you can export the data later by going to the Setup File Management menu option If there are grids that were collected but not processed it will alert you after you select Yes to exporting the data Figure 1...

Page 98: ...re ready to export your data from the main menu select Setup File Management and press Export Data Section 4 3 4 11 1 Formatting USB Sticks There may be times when a USB stick is not recognized by the LMX200 In this case you may need to format the USB stick Ensure that it s formatted as FAT FAT32 NTFS will not work Also ensure that there are no hidden or write protected partitions on the USB drive...

Page 99: ...rectory called ExportXX where XX is incremented by 1 from the previous directory The actual GPR data files are all contained in a GPZ file This can be opened by the EKKO_Project software If data was collected with GPS internal or external a KMZ file is also generated This contains positional information and can easily be opened in Google EarthTM If any Field Interpretations were added during data ...

Page 100: ... file is shown in Figure 11 4 Figure 11 4 Contents of a sample Field Interp Report file 11 4 Google EarthTM Anytime a GPS is used a KMZ file is included as part of the exported data If the internal GPS was used you will only see screenshots and a layout of the grid if a grid was collected Clicking on the yellow camera icon in Google EarthTM will display the screenshot image Figure 11 5 Figure 11 5...

Page 101: ...velled with Interpretations collected using an External GPS Opening the data in EKKO_Project Section 11 6 and creating depth slices will allow you to export those slices to Google EarthTM Figure 11 7 Figure 11 7 Depth slice displayed in Google EarthTM ...

Page 102: ... ft Average Line Collection Time 3 minutes 36 seconds Total Line Collected 11557 1 m 37917 2 ft Screenshots Saved 30 Wi Fi Reports Sent 19 System Power Cycles 35 Operation Time 10 hours Total Distance Collected 11697 1 m 38376 5 ft System Information Display Unit DVL Serial Number 0070 7906 0001 GPR Sensor Serial Number 0077 7547 0024 Application Version v1 7 796 2015 00154 06 OS Version 2 08 512 ...

Page 103: ... ultimately create reports from your GPR data Grid data that is processed in the field will immediately show up as depth slices in EKKO_Project as well as the path travelled in MapView From the main screen Figure 11 8 you can access various views and launch modules that give you access to further functionality Some features shown here are not part of the standard EKKO_Project base software For mor...

Page 104: ...Transferring Data to a PC 104 ...

Page 105: ...y using another battery if available or give the battery a good 12 14 hour charge and try running the system again If the battery does not charge up to 12 Volts or more it should be replaced Batteries are fused to protect the system Open the battery case and check that the 10 Amp fuse is OK If necessary replace it with one of the spare fuses available inside the battery case If the battery seems O...

Page 106: ... that doesn t work contact the manufacturer 12 5 Wobbly Wheels If over time a wheel becomes wobbly the wheel nut will need to be manually tightened For the rear right wheel only which is connected to the direct drive odometer insert a large slotted screwdriver into the end of the axle there s already a slot there for it and use a large wrench to slightly tighten the wheel nut The nut only has to b...

Page 107: ...ensor Serial Number displayed at the top of the System Settings Screen 2 A brief description of when the error is happening and the operating conditions temperature humidity sunshine system settings etc 3 Include photos and or videos to document the occurrence of error messages 3 APP LOG file this is downloaded to your computer during data export ...

Page 108: ...Troubleshooting 108 ...

Page 109: ...ime Charge the batteries as soon as possible after use Charge the battery at room temperature whenever possible The LMX200 has a voltage monitoring circuit that will turn off the unit when the input voltage drops below 10 8 volts If a battery has been deeply discharged or left in a discharged condition for some period of time it may not accept charge immediately when it is connected to the charger...

Page 110: ...ectors are not designed to suspend or tow or otherwise carry the weight of systems They are part of the electronic circuit and should be treated accordingly When not in use they should be placed in their storage box 13 3 Skid Pads The bottom of the GPR Sensor is covered with one large wear resistant skid pad The skid pad is designed to take the majority of the abrasive wear If the pad wears down e...

Page 111: ...Care Maintenance 111 ...

Page 112: ...Care Maintenance 112 ...

Page 113: ...Cart Wheel 100 55 0023 Battery with Case 100 53 0098 Display Unit Tray 100 52 0108 Display Cable 126 77 1450 Skid Plate 126 77 2010 Battery Cable 100 55 0027 Battery Charger 126 78 0400 Sensor Support Strap 100 22 0084 GPR Sensor 100 22 0085 Display Unit 126 85 0670 Cart Handle 126 81 1600 Cart Base 126 78 0160 Battery Strap 122 10 1200 Display Unit Tray Knob Screw 122 00 0046 ...

Page 114: ...Parts List Accessories 114 ...

Page 115: ...Parts List Accessories 115 14 2 Accessories The following accessories are available for purchase ...

Page 116: ...Parts List Accessories 116 ...

Page 117: ...5dBA speaker w volume control Battery Lead acid gel cell Battery Life 4 6 hours Battery Capacity 9 0 Ah Charger Built in charger with status indicator Universal AC mains charger input 100 240V 1 5A 50 60Hz Output 12 Volts 3 Amps Display Unit Input 11 18V 4A maximum Temperature Environmental Ruggedized environmentally sealed unit and connections Ingress protection IP rating Display Unit is rated to...

Page 118: ...Technical Specifications 118 ...

Page 119: ...exposures and time duration specified by the FCC and OSHA vary with excitation frequency The lowest threshold plane wave equivalent power cited is 0 2 mW cm2 for the general population over the 30 to 300 MHz frequency band All other applications and frequencies have higher tolerances as shown in graphically in Figure B 1 Figure B 15 1 FCC limits for maximum permissible exposure MPE plane wave equi...

Page 120: ...Appendix A Health Safety Certification 120 ...

Page 121: ...rference and this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Part 15 User Information This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device where applicable and for an ultra wide bandwidth UWB device where applicable pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasona...

Page 122: ...rated directly by one of the described parties For example a GPR may be operated by a private company investigating forensic evidence for a local police department FCC Permitted Mode of Usage The GPR antenna must be kept on the surface to be in compliance with FCC regulations Use of the antenna is not permitted if it is lifted off the surface Use as a through the wall imaging device is prohibited ...

Page 123: ... contact will be provided Except for operation within these designated areas once the information requested on the UWB imaging system is submitted to the FCC no additional coordination with the FCC is required provided the reported areas of operation do not change If the area of operation changes updated information shall be submitted to the FCC following the procedure in paragraph b of this secti...

Page 124: ... CONTACT NAME AND PHONE NUMBER AREA OF OPERATION COUNTIES STATES OR LARGER AREAS FCC ID QJQ NG250 EQUIPMENT NOMENCLATURE NG250 Send the information to Frequency Coordination Branch OET Federal Communications Commission 445 12th Street SW Washington D C 20554 ATTN UWB Coordination Fax 202 418 1944 INFORMATION PROVIDED IS DEEMED CONFIDENTIAL ...

Page 125: ...ormation they should acquire copies of the following documents available from ETSI ETSI EN 302 066 1 V1 2 1 February 2008 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters ERM Ground and Wall Probing Radar applications GPR WPR imaging systems Part 1 Technical characteristics and test methods ETSI EN 302 066 2 V1 2 1 February 2008 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters ERM ...

Page 126: ...truction companies and emergency rescue or firefighting organizations Should the ground penetrating radar be used in a wall penetrating mode then the following restriction should be noted by the user This In wall Radar Imaging Device shall be operated where the device is directed at the wall and in contact with or within 20 cm of the wall surface This In wall Radar Imaging Device shall be operated...

Page 127: ...es organisations de lutte contre les incendies Si le géoradar est utilisé dans un mode de pénétration au mur la restriction suivante est à noter par l utilisateur Ce dispositif d imagerie radar doit être utilisé lorsque l appareil est orienté vers le mur et en contact avec ou dans les 20 cm de la surface du mur Ce dispositif d imagerie radar doit être utilisé que par les organisations d applicatio...

Page 128: ...Appendix B GPR Emissions Interference and Regulations 128 ...

Page 129: ...lectromagnetic fields such as TV stations radio stations and cell phones can cause signals detectable by a GPR which may degrade the quality of the data that a GPR device records and displays Such interference is unavoidable but sensible survey practice and operation by an experienced GPR practitioner can minimize such problems In some geographic areas emissions from external sources may be so lar...

Page 130: ...Appendix C Instrument Interference 130 ...

Page 131: ...recommend keeping the GPR transmitters at least 5 feet 2m from blasting cap leads as a precaution Some customers do experimental trials with their particular blasting devices to confirm with safety We strongly recommend that GPR users routinely working with explosive devices develop a systematic safety methodology in their work areas The UXO issue is more complex and standards on fuses do not exis...

Page 132: ...Appendix D Safety around Explosive Devices 132 ...

Page 133: ...nergy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his her own expense Industry Canada Notice This device complies with Industry Canada s license exempt RSSs...

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