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Booting into Emergency Mode

281

27.4. Booting into Emergency Mode

In emergency mode, you are booted into the most minimal environment possible. The root file system
is mounted read-only and almost nothing is set up. The main advantage of emergency mode over
single-user mode is that the

init

files are not loaded. If

init

is corrupted or not working, you can still

mount file systems to recover data that could be lost during a re-installation.

To boot into emergency mode, use the same method as described for single-user mode in

Section 27.3, “Booting into Single-User Mode”

with one exception, replace the keyword

single

with

the keyword

emergency

.

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Summary of Contents for ENTERPRISE LINUX 5 - VIRTUAL SERVER ADMINISTRATION

Page 1: ...Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Installation Guide Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 for all architectures ...

Page 2: ...nsor of this document waives the right to enforce and agrees not to assert Section 4d of CC BY SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux the Shadowman logo JBoss MetaMatrix Fedora the Infinity Logo and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat Inc registered in the United States and other countries Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United S...

Page 3: ... 4 Can You Install Using the CD ROM or DVD 5 2 4 1 Alternative Boot Methods 7 2 4 2 Making an Installation Boot CD ROM 7 2 5 Preparing for a Network Installation 8 2 5 1 Preparing for FTP and HTTP installation 9 2 5 2 Preparing for an NFS install 9 2 6 Preparing for a Hard Drive Installation 10 3 System Specifications List 13 4 Installing on Intel and AMD Systems 15 4 1 The Graphical Installation ...

Page 4: ...ection 58 4 25 Preparing to Install 60 4 25 1 Prepare to Install 60 4 26 Installing Packages 61 4 27 Installation Complete 61 4 28 Itanium Systems Booting Your Machine and Post Installation Setup 61 4 28 1 Post Installation Boot Loader Options 62 4 28 2 Booting Red Hat Enterprise Linux Automatically 62 5 Removing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 65 6 Troubleshooting Installation on an Intel or AMD System ...

Page 5: ...ou for a driver update 83 7 3 3 Use a boot option to specify a driver update disk 83 7 3 4 Use a boot option to specify a driver update image file on a network 84 7 3 5 Select a PXE target that includes a driver update 84 7 4 Specifying the location of a driver update image file or driver update disk 85 8 Additional Boot Options for Intel and AMD Systems 89 9 The GRUB Boot Loader 93 9 1 Boot Loade...

Page 6: ...0 Installing via FTP 123 12 11 Installing via HTTP 124 12 12 Welcome to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 125 12 13 Language Selection 126 12 14 Keyboard Configuration 127 12 15 Enter the Installation Number 128 12 16 Disk Partitioning Setup 129 12 17 Advanced Storage Options 131 12 18 Create Default Layout 133 12 19 Partitioning Your System 135 12 19 1 Graphical Display of Hard Drive s 136 12 19 2 Disk Dr...

Page 7: ...4 4 1 Unable to IPL from NWSSTG 168 14 4 2 Booting into a Graphical Environment 168 14 4 3 Problems with the X Window System GUI 169 14 4 4 Problems with the X Server Crashing and Non Root Users 169 14 4 5 Problems When You Try to Log In 170 14 4 6 Your Printer Does Not Work 170 14 4 7 Apache based httpd service Sendmail Hangs During Startup 170 15 Additional Boot Options for IBM Power Systems 171...

Page 8: ...eparing to Install 215 17 20 Installing Packages 216 17 21 Installation Complete 216 18 Removing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 219 19 Sample Parameter Files 221 20 Additional Boot Options 225 21 Troubleshooting Installation on an IBM System z System 227 21 1 You are Unable to Boot Red Hat Enterprise Linux 227 21 1 1 Is Your System Displaying Signal 11 Errors 227 21 2 Trouble During the Installation 227...

Page 9: ...ot What You Write it is How You Write It 263 26 1 2 Partitions Turning One Drive Into Many 265 26 1 3 Partitions within Partitions An Overview of Extended Partitions 267 26 1 4 Making Room For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 267 26 1 5 Partition Naming Scheme 271 26 1 6 Disk Partitions and Other Operating Systems 272 26 1 7 Disk Partitions and Mount Points 272 26 1 8 How Many Partitions 273 V Basic Syste...

Page 10: ...ey as an additional way to access an encrypted block device 292 29 5 2 Add a new passphrase to an existing device 292 29 5 3 Remove a passphrase or key from a device 292 30 Installing Through VNC 293 30 1 VNC Viewer 293 30 2 VNC Modes in Anaconda 294 30 2 1 Direct Mode 294 30 2 2 Connect Mode 294 30 3 Installation Using VNC 295 30 3 1 Installation Example 295 30 3 2 Kickstart Considerations 296 30...

Page 11: ...The Boot Process 353 33 2 A Detailed Look at the Boot Process 353 33 2 1 The BIOS 353 33 2 2 The Boot Loader 354 33 2 3 The Kernel 355 33 2 4 The sbin init Program 355 33 3 Running Additional Programs at Boot Time 358 33 4 SysV Init Runlevels 358 33 4 1 Runlevels 359 33 4 2 Runlevel Utilities 360 33 5 Shutting Down 360 34 PXE Network Installations 361 34 1 Setting up the Network Server 361 34 2 PX...

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Page 13: ...shell command and a keycap all presented in mono spaced bold and all distinguishable thanks to context Key combinations can be distinguished from keycaps by the hyphen connecting each part of a key combination For example Press Enter to execute the command Press Ctrl Alt F1 to switch to the first virtual terminal Press Ctrl Alt F7 to return to your X Windows session The first paragraph highlights ...

Page 14: ...mstance For example To connect to a remote machine using ssh type ssh username domain name at a shell prompt If the remote machine is example com and your username on that machine is john type ssh john example com The mount o remount file system command remounts the named file system For example to remount the home file system the command is mount o remount home To see the version of a currently i...

Page 15: ...makes your life easier Important Important boxes detail things that are easily missed configuration changes that only apply to the current session or services that need restarting before an update will apply Ignoring a box labeled Important won t cause data loss but may cause irritation and frustration Warning Warnings should not be ignored Ignoring warnings will most likely cause data loss 2 Do y...

Page 16: ...ort from Red Hat Global Support Services GSS Visit http support redhat com for more information about obtaining help from GSS Other Red Hat documentation Access other Red Hat documentation at http www redhat com docs Red Hat electronic mailing lists Red Hat hosts a large number of electronic mailing lists for discussion of Red Hat software and technology You can find a list of publicly available l...

Page 17: ...tion of driver updates during installation and with rpm packages after installation has been completely revised and brought up to date Section 31 4 Kickstart Options New option for the bootloader kickstart command hvargs specifies Xen hypervisor arguments Section 31 5 Package Selection Everything no longer supported Red Hat no longer supports installations performed with this option Table 1 What s...

Page 18: ...yment Guide contains further information on system administration and security HTML and PDF versions of the guides are available online at http www redhat com docs Note Although this manual reflects the most current information possible read the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Release Notes for information that may not have been available prior to the documentation being finalized The Release Notes can b...

Page 19: ... Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide for Intel and AMD 32 bit and 64 bit systems discusses the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and some basic post installation troubleshooting Advanced installation options are covered in the second part of this manual ...

Page 20: ......

Page 21: ...Linux installation program load EFI protocols and device drivers and execute simple scripts It is similar to a DOS console and can only access media that is FAT16 VFAT formatted The EFI Shell also contains common utilities that can be used on the EFI system partition These utilities include edit type cp rm and mkdir For a list of utilities and other commands type help at the EFI Shell prompt The E...

Page 22: ... HD Part1 Sig725F7772 blk7 VenHw Unknown Device FF blk8 VenHw Unknown Device FF CDROM Entry1 blk9 VenHw Unknown Device FF CDROM Entry1 HD Part1 Sig00000000 In this example there is an LS 120 diskette in the LS 120 drive as well as a CD ROM in the CD ROM drive All the listings beginning with fs are FAT16 file systems that EFI can read All the listings beginning with blk are block devices that EFI r...

Page 23: ... Introduction to Disk Partitions before proceeding The disk space used by Red Hat Enterprise Linux must be separate from the disk space used by other OSes you may have installed on your system such as Windows OS 2 or even a different version of Linux For x86 AMD64 and Intel 64 systems at least two partitions and swap must be dedicated to Red Hat Enterprise Linux For Itanium systems at least three ...

Page 24: ...hat you might already have on your computer include Nero Burning ROM and Roxio Creator If you use a Windows operating system on your computer and do not have disc burning software installed or you are not sure that the software can burn discs from image files InfraRecorder is a suitable alternative available from http www infrarecorder org and is free and open source The Disk Utility software inst...

Page 25: ...opy the diskboot img image file from the images directory on the DVD or CD ROM 1 For example dd if diskboot img of dev sda Your BIOS must support booting from a USB device in order for this boot method to work 2 4 2 Making an Installation Boot CD ROM isolinux not available for Itanium systems is used for booting the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation CD To create your own CD ROM to boot the ins...

Page 26: ...r installation over the network must be a separate machine which can provide the complete contents of the installation DVD ROM or the installation CD ROMs Note The Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation program has the ability to test the integrity of the installation media It works with the CD DVD hard drive ISO and NFS ISO installation methods Red Hat recommends that you test all installation med...

Page 27: ...HTTP For CDROMs mount o loop location of disk space diskX iso publicly available directory diskX Again publicly available directory will be a directory that is shared via FTP or HTTP Do the above for each of the CDROM iso images for example mount o loop var isos disk1 iso var www html rhel5 install disk1 Example 2 1 Making a Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation CD available on a HTTP server Next ...

Page 28: ...n ISO image is a file containing an exact copy of a DVD CD ROM image After placing the required ISO images the binary Red Hat Enterprise Linux DVD CD ROMs in a directory choose to install from the hard drive You can then point the installation program at that directory to perform the installation Ensure that you have boot media available on CD DVD or a USB storage device such as a flash drive To p...

Page 29: ...tallation related bugs many of the bugs reported are actually due to improperly burned CDs To use this test type the following command at the boot prompt prepend with elilo for Itanium systems linux mediacheck Additionally if a file called updates img exists in the location from which you install it is used for updates to anaconda the installation program Refer to the file install methods txt in t...

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Page 31: ...I SCSI adapter if present make and model number e g BusLogic SCSI Adapter Adaptec 2940UW network card if present make and model number e g Tulip 3COM 3C590 mouse type protocol and number of buttons e g generic 3 button PS 2 mouse MouseMan 2 button serial mouse monitor make model and manufacturer specifications e g Optiquest Q53 ViewSonic G773 video card make model number and size of VRAM e g Creat...

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Page 33: ...ommand combination as a way of clicking on buttons or making other screen selections where X is replaced with any underlined letter appearing within that screen Note If you are using an x86 AMD64 or Intel 64 system and you do not wish to use the GUI installation program the text mode installation program is also available To start the text mode installation program use the following command at the...

Page 34: ... unless you are attempting to diagnose installation problems console keystrokes contents 1 ctrl alt f1 installation dialog 2 ctrl alt f2 shell prompt 3 ctrl alt f3 install log messages from installation program 4 ctrl alt f4 system related messages 5 ctrl alt f5 other messages 6 ctrl alt f6 x graphical display Table 4 1 Console Keystrokes and Contents 4 2 Screenshots during installation Anaconda a...

Page 35: ...y follow the GUI installation instructions One thing to note is that manipulation of LVM Logical Volume Management disk volumes is only possible in graphical mode In text mode it is only possible to view and accept the default LVM setup Figure 4 1 Installation Program Widgets as seen in Boot Loader Configuration Figure 4 2 Installation Program Widgets as seen in Disk Druid ...

Page 36: ... on the scroll bar by a character which moves up and down the scroll bar as you scroll Scroll Bar Scroll bars appear on the side or bottom of a window to control which part of a list or document is currently in the window s frame The scroll bar makes it easy to move to any part of a file Button Widget Button widgets are the primary method of interacting with the installation program You progress t...

Page 37: ... Program on x86 AMD64 and Intel 64 Systems You can boot the installation program using any one of the following media depending upon what your system can support Red Hat Enterprise Linux DVD CD ROM Your machine supports a bootable DVD CD ROM drive and you have the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD ROM set or DVD Boot CD ROM Your machine supports a bootable CD ROM drive and you want to perform network or...

Page 38: ... a slight delay while the help screen is read from the boot media Normally you only need to press Enter to boot Be sure to watch the boot messages to review if the Linux kernel detects your hardware If your hardware is properly detected continue to the next section If it does not properly detect your hardware you may need to restart the installation and use one of the boot options provided in Chap...

Page 39: ...w these steps 1 Insert the LS 120 diskette you made from the boot image file boot img If you are performing a local CD ROM installation but booting off the LS 120 diskette insert the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD 1 also If you are performing a hard drive NFS FTP or HTTP installation you do not need the CD ROM 2 From the Boot Option menu choose EFI Shell 3 At the Shell prompt change the device to the...

Page 40: ...he CD DVD hard drive ISO and NFS ISO installation methods Also in the images directory is the boot iso file This file is an ISO image than can be used to boot the installation program To use the boot iso your computer must be able to boot from its CD ROM drive and its BIOS settings must be configured to do so You must then burn the boot iso file onto a recordable rewriteable CD ROM If you need to ...

Page 41: ...Selecting an Installation Method What type of installation method do you wish to use The following installation methods are available DVD CD ROM If you have a DVD CD ROM drive and the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD ROMs or DVD you can use this method Refer to Section 4 6 Installing from DVD CD ROM for DVD CD ROM installation instructions Hard Drive If you have copied the Red Hat Enterprise Linux ISO ...

Page 42: ...allation program prompts you to choose a SCSI driver Choose the driver that most closely resembles your adapter You may specify options for the driver if necessary however most drivers detect your SCSI adapter automatically If the DVD CD ROM drive is found and the driver loaded the installer will present you with the option to perform a media check on the DVD CD ROM This will take some time and yo...

Page 43: ...hat partition For example if the partition on which the ISO images is normally mounted as home and the images are in home new you would enter new After you have identified the disk partition the Welcome dialog appears 4 8 Performing a Network Installation If you are performing a network installation and booted with the askmethod boot option the Configure TCP IP dialog appears This dialog asks for ...

Page 44: ... Server field Next enter the name of the exported directory If you followed the setup described in Section 2 5 Preparing for a Network Installation you would enter the directory export directory If the NFS server is exporting a mirror of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation tree enter the directory which contains the root of the installation tree You will enter an Installation Key later on in...

Page 45: ... Welcome dialog appears 4 10 Installing via FTP The FTP dialog applies only if you are installing from an FTP server that is if you used the askmethod boot options and selected FTP in the Installation Method dialog This dialog allows you to identify the FTP server from which you are installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux If you used the repo ftp boot option you already specified a server and path ...

Page 46: ...ace by using the ISO images you have already copied to the server To accomplish this install Red Hat Enterprise Linux using ISO images without copying them into a single tree by loopback mounting them For each ISO image mkdir discX mount o loop RHEL5 discX iso discX Replace X with the corresponding disc number 4 11 Installing via HTTP The HTTP dialog applies only if you are installing from an HTTP...

Page 47: ...re 4 7 HTTP Setup Dialog Next the Welcome dialog appears Note You can save disk space by using the ISO images you have already copied to the server To accomplish this install Red Hat Enterprise Linux using ISO images without copying them into a single tree by loopback mounting them For each ISO image mkdir discX mount o loop RHEL5 discX iso discX Replace X with the corresponding disc number 4 12 W...

Page 48: ...ation refer to Figure 4 8 Language Selection The language you select here will become the default language for the operating system once it is installed Selecting the appropriate language also helps target your time zone configuration later in the installation The installation program tries to define the appropriate time zone based on what you specify on this screen ...

Page 49: ...ge click Next to continue 4 14 Keyboard Configuration Using your mouse select the correct layout type for example U S English for the keyboard you would prefer to use for the installation and as the system default refer to the figure below Once you have made your selection click Next to continue ...

Page 50: ...hell prompt to launch the Keyboard Configuration Tool If you are not root it prompts you for the root password to continue 4 15 Enter the Installation Number Enter your Installation Number refer to Figure 4 10 Installation Number This number will determine the package selection set that is available to the installer If you choose to skip entering the installation number you will be presented with ...

Page 51: ... first three options allow you to perform an automated installation without having to partition your drive s yourself If you do not feel comfortable with partitioning your system it is recommended that you do not choose to create a custom layout and instead let the installation program partition for you You can configure an iSCSI target for installation or disable a dmraid device from this screen ...

Page 52: ...ble To create new partitions it must be initialized causing the loss of ALL DATA on this drive you may not have a partition table on that drive or the partition table on the drive may not be recognizable by the partitioning software used in the installation program Users who have used programs such as EZ BIOS have experienced similar problems causing data to be lost assuming the data was not backe...

Page 53: ...mraid device will appear as separate hard drives You can also choose to configure an iSCSI SCSI over TCP IP target To configure an ISCSI target invoke the Configure ISCSI Parameters dialog by selecting Add ISCSI target and clicking on the Add Drive button If a network connection is not already active the installer prompts you to provide details of your network interface Select your network interfa...

Page 54: ...y this system If the iSCSI target uses Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CHAP for authentication enter the CHAP username and password If your enviroment uses 2 way CHAP also called Mutual CHAP also enter the reverse CHAP username and password Click the Add target button to attempt connection to the ISCSI target using this information Figure 4 14 Configure ISCSI Parameters ...

Page 55: ...ystems such as Windows VFAT or NTFS partitions Warning If you select this option all data on the selected hard drive s is removed by the installation program Do not select this option if you have information that you want to keep on the hard drive s where you are installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux Remove Linux partitions on selected drives and create default layout select this option to remove on...

Page 56: ...creating a dual boot system you should back up any data you wish to keep on your drive s Mistakes do happen and can result in the loss of all your data Note If you have a RAID card be aware that some BIOSes do not support booting from the RAID card In cases such as these the boot partition must be created on a partition outside of the RAID array such as on a separate hard drive An internal hard dr...

Page 57: ... text mode installation it is not possible to work with LVM Logical Volumes beyond viewing the existing setup LVM can only be set up using the graphical Disk Druid program in a graphical installation If you chose to create a custom layout you must tell the installation program where to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux This is done by defining mount points for one or more disk partitions in which R...

Page 58: ...edit an existing partition or to create a partition out of existing free space Above the display you can review the name of the drive such as dev hda its size in MB and its model as detected by the installation program 4 19 2 Disk Druid s Buttons These buttons control Disk Druid s actions They are used to change the attributes of a partition for example the file system type and mount point and als...

Page 59: ...ct RAID to join the software RAID partitions into a RAID device LVM Allows you to create an LVM logical volume The role of LVM Logical Volume Manager is to present a simple logical view of underlying physical storage space such as a hard drive s LVM manages individual physical disks or to be more precise the individual partitions present on them It should only be used if you have experience using ...

Page 60: ...nt of RAM in the system But because the amount of memory in modern systems has increased into the hundreds of gigabytes it is now recognized that the amount of swap space that a system needs is a function of the memory workload running on that system However given that swap space is usually designated at install time and that it can be difficult to determine beforehand the memory workload of a sys...

Page 61: ...minimum of 16GB of swap space 256GB to 512GB of RAM a minimum of 32GB of swap space Table 4 3 Recommended System Swap Space Note that you can obtain better performance by distributing swap space over multiple storage devices particularly on systems with fast drives controllers and interfaces A boot partition 250 MB the partition mounted on boot contains the operating system kernel which allows you...

Page 62: ...to during the boot process before establishing network services However you may have var spool var www or other subdirectories on a separate network disk just not the complete var filesystem 4 19 5 Adding Partitions To add a new partition select the New button A dialog box appears refer to Figure 4 17 Creating a New Partition Note You must dedicate at least one partition for this installation and ...

Page 63: ...ypes Allowable Drives This field contains a list of the hard disks installed on your system If a hard disk s box is highlighted then a desired partition can be created on that hard disk If the box is not checked then the partition will never be created on that hard disk By using different checkbox settings you can have Disk Druid place partitions where you need them or let Disk Druid decide where ...

Page 64: ...ext2 file system supports standard Unix file types regular files directories symbolic links etc It provides the ability to assign long file names up to 255 characters ext3 The ext3 file system is based on the ext2 file system and has one main advantage journaling Using a journaling file system reduces time spent recovering a file system after a crash as there is no need to fsck 1 the file system T...

Page 65: ...nium systems skip to Section 4 21 Network Configuration 4 20 x86 AMD64 and Intel 64 Boot Loader Configuration To boot the system without boot media you usually need to install a boot loader A boot loader is the first software program that runs when a computer starts It is responsible for loading and transferring control to the operating system kernel software The kernel in turn initializes the res...

Page 66: ...ther boot method such as a commercial boot loader application Use this option only if you are sure you have another way of booting the system Every bootable partition is listed including partitions used by other operating systems The partition holding the system s root file system has a Label of Red Hat Enterprise Linux for GRUB Other partitions may also have boot labels To add or change the boot ...

Page 67: ...assword Once selected enter a password and confirm it GRUB recognizes only the QWERTY keyboard layout When selecting a GRUB password be aware that GRUB recognizes only the QWERTY keyboard layout regardless of the keyboard actually attached to the system If you use a keyboard with a significantly different layout it might be more effective to memorize a pattern of keystrokes rather than the word th...

Page 68: ...se the boot loader should not be installed on the MBR of the RAID array Rather the boot loader should be installed on the MBR of the same drive as the boot partition was created If your system only uses Red Hat Enterprise Linux you should choose the MBR Click the Change Drive Order button if you would like to rearrange the drive order or if your BIOS does not return the correct drive order Changin...

Page 69: ...are unable to get Red Hat Enterprise Linux running completely enough to access files on your system s hard drive Using rescue mode you can access the files stored on your system s hard drive even if you cannot actually run Red Hat Enterprise Linux from that hard drive If you need to use rescue mode try the following method Using the CD ROM to boot an x86 AMD64 or Intel 64 system type linux rescue ...

Page 70: ...ers and are not supported by Red Hat 4 20 4 SMP Motherboards and GRUB In previous versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux there were two different kernel versions a uniprocessor version and an SMP version In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 5 the kernel is SMP enabled by default and will take advantage of multiple core hyperthreading and multiple CPU capabilities when they are present This same kernel can ...

Page 71: ... in the Network Devices list When you have selected a network device click Edit From the Edit Interface dialog you can choose to configure the IP address and Netmask for IPv4 Prefix for IPv6 of the device to use DHCP or to use static settings If you do not have DHCP client access or you are unsure what to provide here contact your network administrator ...

Page 72: ...fully qualified domain name for the network device you can choose to have DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automatically detect it or you can manually enter the hostname in the field provided Finally if you entered the IP and Netmask information manually you may also enter the Gateway address and the Primary and Secondary DNS addresses Note Even if your computer is not part of a network yo...

Page 73: ...osest to your computer s physical location Click on the map to zoom in to a particular geographical region of the world From here there are two ways for you to select your time zone Using your mouse click on the interactive map to select a specific city represented by a yellow dot A red X appears indicating your selection You can also scroll through the list at the bottom of the screen to select y...

Page 74: ...pplication use the command timeconfig 4 23 Set Root Password Setting up a root account and password is one of the most important steps during your installation Your root account is similar to the administrator account used on Windows NT machines The root account is used to install packages upgrade RPMs and perform most system maintenance Logging in as root gives you complete control over your syst...

Page 75: ...ers long the password you type is not echoed to the screen You must enter the password twice if the two passwords do not match the installation program asks you to enter them again You should make the root password something you can remember but not something that is easy for someone else to guess Your name your phone number qwerty password root 123456 and anteater are all examples of bad password...

Page 76: ...our system The Package Installation Defaults screen appears and details the default package set for your Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation This screen varies depending on the version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux you are installing If you choose to accept the current package list skip ahead to Section 4 25 Preparing to Install To customize your package set further select the Customize now option...

Page 77: ...sh to install Once a package group has been selected if optional components are available you can click on Optional packages to view which packages are installed by default and to add or remove optional packages from that group If there are no optional components this button will be disabled ...

Page 78: ...our system Warning If for some reason you would rather not continue with the installation process this is your last opportunity to safely cancel the process and reboot your machine Once you press the Next button partitions are written and packages are installed If you wish to abort the installation you should reboot now before any existing information on any hard drive is rewritten To cancel this ...

Page 79: ...to start X automatically appears The first time you start your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system in run level 5 the graphical run level the Setup Agent is presented which guides you through the Red Hat Enterprise Linux configuration Using this tool you can set your system time and date install software register your machine with Red Hat Network and more The Setup Agent lets you configure your enviro...

Page 80: ... enter the following at the EFI Shell prompt replace linux with the label name of the kernel you want to boot and option with the boot options you want to pass to the kernel elilo linux option 4 28 2 Booting Red Hat Enterprise Linux Automatically After installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux you can type elilo and any boot options at the EFI Shell prompt each time you wish to boot your Itanium system ...

Page 81: ...anager to boot Red Hat Enterprise Linux automatically However if you require additional commands to be executed before starting the ELILO boot loader you can create a startup script named startup nsh The last command should be elilo to boot into Linux The startup nsh script should be in the boot efi partition boot efi startup nsh and contain the following text echo off your set of commands elilo I...

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Page 83: ...you have booted off the CD a boot prompt appears At the boot prompt type linux rescue This starts the rescue mode program You are prompted for your keyboard and language requirements Enter these values as you would during the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux Next a screen appears telling you that the program attempts to find a Red Hat Enterprise Linux install to rescue Select Skip on this ...

Page 84: ...start taking place as soon as you press Enter so review the command before committing to it After removing the partition use the print command to confirm that it is removed from the partition table Once you have removed the Linux partitions and made all of the changes you need to make type quit to quit parted After quitting parted type exit at the boot prompt to exit rescue mode and reboot your sy...

Page 85: ...o it A signal 11 error may be due to a bug in one of the software programs that is installed or faulty hardware If you receive a fatal signal 11 error during your installation it is probably due to a hardware error in memory on your system s bus Like other operating systems Red Hat Enterprise Linux places its own demands on your system s hardware Some of this hardware may not be able to meet those...

Page 86: ...e information on boot options Note To disable frame buffer support and allow the installation program to run in text mode try using the nofb boot option This command may be necessary for accessibility with some screen reading hardware 6 3 Trouble During the Installation 6 3 1 No devices found to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux Error Message If you receive an error message stating No devices found...

Page 87: ...o matter what type of installation you are performing backups of the existing data on your systems should always be made 6 3 4 Using Remaining Space You have a swap and a root partition created and you have selected the root partition to use the remaining space but it does not fill the hard drive If your hard drive is more than 1024 cylinders you must create a boot partition if you want the root p...

Page 88: ...lib anaconda todo py line 1468 in doInstall self fstab savePartitions File fstab py line 221 in savePartitions sys exit 0 SystemExit 0 Local variables in innermost frame self fstab GuiFstab instance at 8446fe0 sys module sys built in ToDo object itodo ToDo p1 dp2 S method p3 iimage CdromInstallMethod p4 dp5 S progressWindow p6 failed This error occurs in some systems where links to tmp are symboli...

Page 89: ...he X Window System but are not seeing a graphical desktop environment once you log into your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system you can start the X Window System graphical interface using the command startx Once you enter this command and press Enter the graphical desktop environment is displayed Note however that this is just a one time fix and does not change the log in process for future log ins T...

Page 90: ... the X Window System packages and choose GNOME KDE or both during the upgrade package selection process 6 4 4 Problems with the X Server Crashing and Non Root Users If you are having trouble with the X server crashing when anyone other than root logs in you may have a full file system or a lack of available hard drive space To verify that this is the problem you are experiencing run the following ...

Page 91: ... root password If you cannot remember your user account password you must become root To become root type su and enter your root password when prompted Then type passwd username This allows you to enter a new password for the specified user account If the graphical login screen does not appear check your hardware for compatibility issues The Hardware Compatibility List can be found at http hardwar...

Page 92: ... at a shell prompt to launch the Printer Configuration Tool If you are not root it prompts you for the root password to continue 6 4 8 Problems with Sound Configuration If for some reason you do not hear sound and know that you do have a sound card installed you can run the Sound Card Configuration Tool system config soundcard utility To use the Sound Card Configuration Tool choose Main Menu Syste...

Page 93: ...n use a driver update image file to add this support during installation in one of three ways 1 place the image file in a location accessible to the installer a on a local IDE hard drive b a USB storage device such as a USB flash drive c on a FTP HTTP or NFS server on your local network or take note of a location on the Internet where someone else has placed the image file 2 create a driver update...

Page 94: ...r update during installation If a driver update is necessary and available for your hardware Red Hat or a trusted third party such as the hardware vendor will provide it in the form of an image file in ISO format Some methods of performing a driver update require you to make the image file available to the installation program others require you to use the image file to make a driver update disk a...

Page 95: ...n a driver update disk Refer to Section 7 3 2 Let the installer prompt you for a driver update and Section 7 3 3 Use a boot option to specify a driver update disk to learn how to use the driver update disk during installation If you change the file system label of the device to OEMDRV the installation program will automatically examine it for driver updates and load any that it detects This behavi...

Page 96: ...Creator is part of the GNOME desktop If you use a different Linux desktop or a different operating system altogether you will need to use another piece of software to create the CD or DVD The steps will be generally similar Make sure that the software that you choose can create CDs or DVDs from image files While this is true of most CD and DVD burning software exceptions exist Look for a button or...

Page 97: ... s Write to Disc dialog 3 Click the Write button If a blank disc is not already in the drive CD DVD Creator will prompt you to insert one After you burn a driver update disk CD or DVD verify that the disk was created successfully by inserting it into your system and browsing to it using the file manager You should see a list of files similar to the following ...

Page 98: ...sk during installation 7 2 2 2 Creating a driver update disk on floppy disk or USB storage device These instructions assume that you use Linux The following procedure assumes that you are creating a driver update disk using Linux To create a driver update disk using a different operating system you will need to find a tool that can extract files from ISO images You must then place the extracted fi...

Page 99: ...f a typical driver update disc on CD or DVD you know that you have created the driver update disk correctly Refer to Section 7 3 2 Let the installer prompt you for a driver update and Section 7 3 3 Use a boot option to specify a driver update disk to learn how to use the driver update disk during installation 7 2 3 Preparing an initial RAM disk update Advanced procedure This is an advanced procedu...

Page 100: ...downloaded from the Internet to a directory on your PXE server The target that you want to PXE boot from is located in tftpboot pxelinux r5su3 At the command line change to the directory that holds the file and enter the following commands cp driver_update iso tmp initrd_update dd img cd tmp initrd_update find cpio quiet c o gzip 9 tmp initrd_update img cp tmp initrd_update img tftpboot pxelinux r...

Page 101: ...taller to find 7 3 2 Let the installer prompt you for a driver update 1 Begin the installation normally for whatever method you have chosen If the installer cannot load drivers for a piece of hardware that is essential for the installation process for example if it cannot detect any network or storage controllers it prompts you to insert a driver update disk Figure 7 5 The no driver found dialog 2...

Page 102: ...ion 7 4 Specifying the location of a driver update image file or driver update disk 7 3 4 Use a boot option to specify a driver update image file on a network Choose this method only for completely new drivers This method only works to introduce completely new drivers not to update existing drivers Type linux dd URL where URL is the HTTP FTP or NFS address of a driver update image at the boot prom...

Page 103: ...one possible device that could hold a driver update it prompts you to select the correct device If you are not sure which option represents the device on which the driver update is stored try the various options in order until you find the correct one Figure 7 7 Selecting a driver disk source If the device that you choose contains no suitable update media the installer will prompt you to make anot...

Page 104: ...ating drivers during installation on Intel and AMD systems 86 Figure 7 8 Selecting a driver disk partition The installer prompts you to specify which file contains the driver update Figure 7 9 Selecting an ISO image ...

Page 105: ...r with a driver update disk the installer now copies the appropriate update files into a temporary storage area located in system RAM and not on disk The installer might ask whether you would like to use additional driver updates If you select Yes you can load additional updates in turn When you have no further driver updates to load select No If you stored the driver update on removeable media yo...

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Page 107: ...ystem you want the display to appear on you must execute the command xhost remotehostname where remotehostname is the name of the host from which you are running the original display Using the command xhost remotehostname limits access to the remote display terminal and does not allow access from anyone or any system not specifically authorized for remote access driverdisk this command performs th...

Page 108: ...d tells the kernel not to use the APIC chip It may be helpful for some motherboards with a bad APIC such as the Abit BP6 or with a buggy bios systems based on the nvidia nforce3 chipset such as the Asus SK8N have been known to hang during IDE detection at boot time or display other interrupt delivery issues nomce this x86 boot command disables self diagnosis checks performed on the CPU the kernel ...

Page 109: ...tries to reboot the machine If a kernel hang is experienced while the system is shutting down this command may cause the system to reboot successfully rescue this command runs rescue mode Refer to Chapter 27 Basic System Recovery for more information about rescue mode resolution tells the installation program which video mode to run it accepts any standard resolution such as 640x480 800x600 1024x7...

Page 110: ...Systems 92 Important Other kernel boot options have no particular meaning for anaconda and do not affect the installation process However if you use these options to boot the installation system anaconda will preserve them in the bootloader configuration ...

Page 111: ...86 architecture 9 2 GRUB The GNU GRand Unified Boot loader GRUB is a program which enables the selection of the installed operating system or kernel to be loaded at system boot time It also allows the user to pass arguments to the kernel 9 2 1 GRUB and the x86 Boot Process This section discusses the specific role GRUB plays when booting an x86 system For a look at the overall boot process refer to...

Page 112: ...stem it is best to install the Microsoft operating system first 9 2 2 Features of GRUB GRUB contains several features that make it preferable to other boot loaders available for the x86 architecture Below is a partial list of some of the more important features GRUB provides a true command based pre OS environment on x86 machines This feature affords the user maximum flexibility in loading operati...

Page 113: ...separate partition outside the RAID Similarly because the boot directory must reside on a single specific disk partition GRUB cannot boot the system if the disk holding that partition fails or is removed from the system This is true even if the disk is mirrored in a level 1 RAID The following Red Hat Knowledgebase article describes how to make the system bootable from another disk in the mirrored ...

Page 114: ...in with the letters hd The letters fd are used to specify 3 5 diskettes To specify an entire device without respect to partitions leave off the comma and the partition number This is important when telling GRUB to configure the MBR for a particular disk For example hd0 specifies the MBR on the first device and hd3 specifies the MBR on the fourth device If a system has multiple drive devices it is ...

Page 115: ...e system has a different meaning in regard to GRUB It is important to remember that GRUB s root file system has nothing to do with the Linux root file system The GRUB root file system is the top level of the specified device For example the image file hd0 0 grub splash xpm gz is located within the grub directory at the top level or root of the hd0 0 partition which is actually the boot partition f...

Page 116: ...e Command Line Interface The command line interface is the most basic GRUB interface but it is also the one that grants the most control The command line makes it possible to type any relevant GRUB commands followed by the Enter key to execute them This interface features some advanced shell like features including Tab key completion based on context and Ctrl key combinations when typing commands ...

Page 117: ... disk to use when booting An initrd is necessary when the kernel needs certain modules in order to boot properly such as when the root partition is formatted with the ext3 file system The following is an example initrd command initrd initrd 2 6 8 1 523 img install stage 1 install disk stage 2 p config file Installs GRUB to the system MBR stage 1 Signifies a device partition and file where the firs...

Page 118: ...the documentation available online at http www gnu org software grub manual 9 7 GRUB Menu Configuration File The configuration file boot grub grub conf which is used to create the list of operating systems to boot in GRUB s menu interface essentially allows the user to select a pre set group of commands to execute The commands given in Section 9 6 GRUB Commands can be used as well as some special ...

Page 119: ...ed color Allows specific colors to be used in the menu where two colors are configured as the foreground and background Use simple color names such as red black For example color red black green blue default integer Replace integer with the default entry title number to be loaded if the menu interface times out fallback integer Replace integer with the entry title number to try if the first attemp...

Page 120: ...rticular group of commands used to load a kernel or operating system To add human readable comments to the menu configuration file begin the line with the hash mark character 9 8 Changing Runlevels at Boot Time Under Red Hat Enterprise Linux it is possible to change the default runlevel at boot time To change the runlevel of a single boot session use the following instructions When the GRUB menu b...

Page 121: ...cerning the state of GRUB development and an FAQ http kbase redhat com faq FAQ_43_4053 shtm Details booting operating systems other than Linux http www linuxgazette com issue64 kohli html An introductory article discussing the configuration of GRUB on a system from scratch including an overview of GRUB command line options 9 9 3 Related Books Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide Red Hat Inc T...

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Page 123: ...are available on the Web A few of the available resources are as follows 1 The Intel website on the Itanium Processor http developer intel com technology efi index htm iid sr efi The Intel website for the Extensible Firmware Interface EFI http www itanium com business bss products server itanium2 index htm The Intel website on the Itanium 2 processor ...

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Page 125: ...ing The Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide for IBM POWER systems discusses the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and some basic post installation troubleshooting Advanced installation options are covered in the second part of this manual ...

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Page 127: ...ive SCSI you must configure a link to the virtual SCSI serving partition and then configure the virtual SCSI serving partition itself You create a link between the virtual SCSI client and server slots using the HMC You can configure a virtual SCSI server on either AIX or i5 OS depending on which model and options you have For more information on using virtual devices including IBM Redbooks and oth...

Page 128: ...ailable on CD DVD or a USB storage device such as a flash drive The Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation media must be available for either a network installation via NFS FTP or HTTP or installation via local storage Use the following steps if you are performing an NFS FTP or HTTP installation The NFS FTP or HTTP server to be used for installation over the network must be a separate machine which...

Page 129: ... DVD mount o loop location of disk space RHEL5 iso publicly available directory In this case publicly available directory will be a directory that is shared via FTP or HTTP For CDROMs mount o loop location of disk space diskX iso publicly available directory diskX Again publicly available directory will be a directory that is shared via FTP or HTTP Do the above for each of the CDROM iso images for...

Page 130: ...o perform a hard drive installation Ensure that you have boot media available on CD DVD or a USB storage device such as a flash drive Hard drive installations require the use of the ISO or DVD CD ROM images An ISO image is a file containing an exact copy of a DVD CD ROM image After placing the required ISO images the binary Red Hat Enterprise Linux DVD CD ROMs in a directory choose to install from...

Page 131: ...as the ISO images Additionally if a file called updates img exists in the location from which you install it is used for updates to anaconda the installation program Refer to the file install methods txt in the anaconda RPM package for detailed information on the various ways to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux as well as how to apply the installation program updates ...

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Page 133: ...the Alt X key command combination as a way of clicking on buttons or making other screen selections where X is replaced with any underlined letter appearing within that screen If you would like to use a graphical installation with a system that does not have that capability such as a partitioned system you can use VNC or display forwarding Both the VNC and display forwarding options require an act...

Page 134: ... the one described in this section On a text console press 1 when the self test is displaying the banner along with the tested components Figure 12 1 SMS console Once in the SMS menu select the option for Select Boot Options In that menu specify Select Install or Boot a Device There select CD DVD and then the bus type in most cases SCSI If you are uncertain you can select to view all devices This ...

Page 135: ...e is no reason to leave the default console virtual console 6 for graphical installations unless you are attempting to diagnose installation problems console keystrokes contents 1 ctrl alt f1 installation dialog 2 ctrl alt f2 shell prompt 3 ctrl alt f3 install log messages from installation program 4 ctrl alt f4 system related messages 5 ctrl alt f5 other messages 6 ctrl alt f6 x graphical display...

Page 136: ... easily follow the GUI installation instructions One thing to note is that manipulation of LVM Logical Volume Management disk volumes is only possible in graphical mode In text mode it is only possible to view and accept the default LVM setup Figure 12 2 Installation Program Widgets as seen in Boot Loader Configuration Figure 12 3 Installation Program Widgets as seen in Disk Druid ...

Page 137: ...n the side or bottom of a window to control which part of a list or document is currently in the window s frame The scroll bar makes it easy to move to any part of a file Button Widget Button widgets are the primary method of interacting with the installation program You progress through the windows of the installation program by navigating these buttons using the Tab and Enter keys Buttons can be...

Page 138: ...ons for the driver if necessary however most drivers detect your SCSI adapter automatically If the DVD CD ROM drive is found and the driver loaded the installer will present you with the option to perform a media check on the DVD CD ROM This will take some time and you may opt to skip over this step However if you later encounter problems with the installer you should reboot and perform the media ...

Page 139: ...that partition For example if the partition on which the ISO images is normally mounted as home and the images are in home new you would enter new After you have identified the disk partition the Welcome dialog appears 12 8 Performing a Network Installation If you are performing a network installation and booted with the askmethod boot option the Configure TCP IP dialog appears This dialog asks fo...

Page 140: ...ield Next enter the name of the exported directory If you followed the setup described in Section 11 5 Preparing for a Network Installation you would enter the directory export directory which contains the variant directory If the NFS server is exporting a mirror of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation tree enter the directory which contains the root of the installation tree You will enter an...

Page 141: ... Welcome dialog appears 12 10 Installing via FTP The FTP dialog applies only if you are installing from an FTP server that is if you used the askmethod boot options and selected FTP in the Installation Method dialog This dialog allows you to identify the FTP server from which you are installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux If you used the repo ftp boot option you already specified a server and path ...

Page 142: ...e disk space by using the ISO images you have already copied to the server To accomplish this install Red Hat Enterprise Linux using ISO images without copying them into a single tree by loopback mounting them For each ISO image mkdir discX mount o loop RHEL5 discX iso discX Replace X with the corresponding disc number 12 11 Installing via HTTP The HTTP dialog applies only if you are installing fr...

Page 143: ...re 12 8 HTTP Setup Dialog Next the Welcome dialog appears Note You can save disk space by using the ISO images you have already copied to the server To accomplish this install Red Hat Enterprise Linux using ISO images without copying them into a single tree by loopback mounting them For each ISO image mkdir discX mount o loop RHEL5 discX iso discX Replace X with the corresponding disc number 12 12...

Page 144: ...e installation refer to Figure 12 9 Language Selection The language you select here will become the default language for the operating system once it is installed Selecting the appropriate language also helps target your time zone configuration later in the installation The installation program tries to define the appropriate time zone based on what you specify on this screen ...

Page 145: ...Next to continue 12 14 Keyboard Configuration Using your mouse select the correct layout type for example U S English for the keyboard you would prefer to use for the installation and as the system default refer to Figure 12 10 Keyboard Configuration Once you have made your selection click Next to continue ...

Page 146: ...nd in a shell prompt to launch the Keyboard Configuration Tool If you are not root it prompts you for the root password to continue 12 15 Enter the Installation Number Enter your Installation Number refer to Figure 12 11 Installation Number This number will determine the package selection set that is available to the installer If you choose to skip entering the installation number you will be pres...

Page 147: ...e first three options allow you to perform an automated installation without having to partition your drive s yourself If you do not feel comfortable with partitioning your system it is recommended that you do not choose to create a custom layout and instead let the installation program partition for you You can configure an iSCSI target for installation or disable a dmraid device from this screen...

Page 148: ...lar to The partition table on device hda was unreadable To create new partitions it must be initialized causing the loss of ALL DATA on this drive No matter what type of installation you are performing backups of the existing data on your systems should always be made Important multipath devices To install Red Hat Enterprise Linux on a network device accessible through multiple paths deselect all ...

Page 149: ...e an ISCSI target invoke the Configure ISCSI Parameters dialog by selecting Add ISCSI target and clicking on the Add Drive button If a network connection is not already active the installer prompts you to provide details of your network interface Select your network interface from the drop down menu then either leave the Use dynamic IP configuration box checked or uncheck it to enter the IP addres...

Page 150: ...o identify this system If the iSCSI target uses Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CHAP for authentication enter the CHAP username and password If your enviroment uses 2 way CHAP also called Mutual CHAP also enter the reverse CHAP username and password Click the Add target button to attempt connection to the ISCSI target using this information Figure 12 15 Configure ISCSI Parameters ...

Page 151: ...systems such as Windows VFAT or NTFS partitions Warning If you select this option all data on the selected hard drive s is removed by the installation program Do not select this option if you have information that you want to keep on the hard drive s where you are installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux Remove Linux partitions on selected drives and create default layout select this option to remove o...

Page 152: ... systems For example if you are upgrading or creating a dual boot system you should back up any data you wish to keep on your drive s Mistakes do happen and can result in the loss of all your data Note This text does not apply to iSeries system users If you have a RAID card be aware that some BIOSes do not support booting from the RAID card In cases such as these the boot partition must be created...

Page 153: ...view you can either accept the current partition settings click Next or modify the setup using Disk Druid the manual partitioning tool Note Please note that in the text mode installation it is not possible to work with LVM Logical Volumes beyond viewing the existing setup LVM can only be set up using the graphical Disk Druid program in a graphical installation If you chose to create a custom layou...

Page 154: ...the name of the drive such as dev hda its size in MB and its model as detected by the installation program 12 19 2 Disk Druid s Buttons These buttons control Disk Druid s actions They are used to change the attributes of a partition for example the file system type and mount point and also to create RAID devices Buttons on this screen are also used to accept the changes you have made or to exit Di...

Page 155: ...sical storage space such as a hard drive s LVM manages individual physical disks or to be more precise the individual partitions present on them It should only be used if you have experience using LVM To read more about LVM refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide Note LVM is only available in the graphical installation program To create an LVM logical volume you must first create pa...

Page 156: ...M a minimum of 8GB of swap space 64GB to 256GB of RAM a minimum of 16GB of swap space 256GB to 512GB of RAM a minimum of 32GB of swap space Table 12 2 Recommended System Swap Space Note that you can obtain better performance by distributing swap space over multiple storage devices particularly on systems with fast drives controllers and interfaces A PPC PReP boot partition on the first partition o...

Page 157: ...separate var on a network filesystem for example NFS iSCSI or NBD The var directory contains critical data that must be read from or written to during the boot process before establishing network services However you may have var spool var www or other subdirectories on a separate network disk just not the complete var filesystem 12 19 5 Adding Partitions To add a new partition select the New butt...

Page 158: ... 12 19 5 1 File System Types Allowable Drives This field contains a list of the hard disks installed on your system If a hard disk s box is highlighted then a desired partition can be created on that hard disk If the box is not checked then the partition will never be created on that hard disk By using different checkbox settings you can have Disk Druid place partitions where you need them or let ...

Page 159: ...2 An ext2 file system supports standard Unix file types regular files directories symbolic links etc It provides the ability to assign long file names up to 255 characters ext3 The ext3 file system is based on the ext2 file system and has one main advantage journaling Using a journaling file system reduces time spent recovering a file system after a crash as there is no need to fsck 1 the file sys...

Page 160: ...gure 12 19 Network Configuration The installation program automatically detects any network devices you have and displays them in the Network Devices list When you have selected a network device click Edit From the Edit Interface dialog you can choose to configure the IP address and Netmask for IPv4 Prefix for IPv6 of the device to use DHCP or to use static settings If you do not have DHCP client ...

Page 161: ...se to have DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automatically detect it or you can manually enter the hostname in the field provided Finally if you entered the IP and Netmask information manually you may also enter the Gateway address and the Primary and Secondary DNS addresses Note To change your network configuration after you have completed the installation use the Network Administration To...

Page 162: ...a yellow dot A red X appears indicating your selection You can also scroll through the list at the bottom of the screen to select your time zone Using your mouse click on a location to highlight your selection Figure 12 21 Configuring the Time Zone Select System Clock uses UTC if you know that your system is set to UTC Note To change your time zone configuration after you have completed the instal...

Page 163: ...RPMs and perform most system maintenance Logging in as root gives you complete control over your system Note The root user also known as the superuser has complete access to the entire system for this reason logging in as the root user is best done only to perform system maintenance or administration Figure 12 22 Root Password Use the root account only for system administration Create a non root a...

Page 164: ...s could be considered a security risk Note To change your root password after you have completed the installation use the Root Password Tool Type the system config rootpassword command in a shell prompt to launch the Root Password Tool If you are not root it prompts you for the root password to continue 12 23 Package Group Selection Now that you have made most of the choices for your installation ...

Page 165: ...stems To select a component click on the checkbox beside it refer to Figure 12 23 Package Group Selection Figure 12 23 Package Group Selection Select each component you wish to install Once a package group has been selected if optional components are available you can click on Optional packages to view which packages are installed by default and to add or remove optional packages from that group I...

Page 166: ...ou reboot your system Warning If for some reason you would rather not continue with the installation process this is your last opportunity to safely cancel the process and reboot your machine Once you press the Next button partitions are written and packages are installed If you wish to abort the installation you should reboot now before any existing information on any hard drive is rewritten To c...

Page 167: ...r s normal power up sequence has completed YABOOT s prompt appears at which you can do any of the following things Press Enter causes YABOOT s default boot entry to be booted Select a boot label followed by Enter causes YABOOT to boot the operating system corresponding to the boot label Press Tab for non System i systems at the boot prompt for a list of valid boot labels Do nothing after YABOOT s ...

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Page 169: ...use a driver update image file to add this support during installation in one of three ways 1 place the image file in a location accessible to the installer a on a local IDE hard drive b a USB storage device such as a USB flash drive c on a FTP HTTP or NFS server on your local network or take note of a location on the Internet where someone else has placed the image file 2 create a driver update d...

Page 170: ...update during installation If a driver update is necessary and available for your hardware Red Hat or a trusted third party such as the hardware vendor will provide it in the form of an image file in ISO format Some methods of performing a driver update require you to make the image file available to the installation program others require you to use the image file to make a driver update disk and...

Page 171: ...n a driver update disk Refer to Section 13 3 2 Let the installer prompt you for a driver update and Section 13 3 3 Use a boot option to specify a driver update disk to learn how to use the driver update disk during installation If you change the file system label of the device to OEMDRV the installation program will automatically examine it for driver updates and load any that it detects This beha...

Page 172: ...Creator is part of the GNOME desktop If you use a different Linux desktop or a different operating system altogether you will need to use another piece of software to create the CD or DVD The steps will be generally similar Make sure that the software that you choose can create CDs or DVDs from image files While this is true of most CD and DVD burning software exceptions exist Look for a button or...

Page 173: ...r s Write to Disc dialog 3 Click the Write button If a blank disc is not already in the drive CD DVD Creator will prompt you to insert one After you burn a driver update disk CD or DVD verify that the disk was created successfully by inserting it into your system and browsing to it using the file manager You should see a list of files similar to the following ...

Page 174: ...sk during installation 13 2 2 2 Creating a driver update disk on floppy disk or USB storage device These instructions assume that you use Linux The following procedure assumes that you are creating a driver update disk using Linux To create a driver update disk using a different operating system you will need to find a tool that can extract files from ISO images You must then place the extracted f...

Page 175: ... a typical driver update disc on CD or DVD you know that you have created the driver update disk correctly Refer to Section 13 3 2 Let the installer prompt you for a driver update and Section 13 3 3 Use a boot option to specify a driver update disk to learn how to use the driver update disk during installation 13 2 3 Preparing an initial RAM disk update Advanced procedure This is an advanced proce...

Page 176: ...wnloaded from the Internet to a directory on your PXE server The target that you want to PXE boot from is located in tftpboot pxelinux r5su3 At the command line change to the directory that holds the file and enter the following commands cp driver_update iso tmp initrd_update dd img cd tmp initrd_update find cpio quiet c o gzip 9 tmp initrd_update img cp tmp initrd_update img tftpboot pxelinux r5s...

Page 177: ...taller to find 13 3 2 Let the installer prompt you for a driver update 1 Begin the installation normally for whatever method you have chosen If the installer cannot load drivers for a piece of hardware that is essential for the installation process for example if it cannot detect any network or storage controllers it prompts you to insert a driver update disk Figure 13 5 The no driver found dialog...

Page 178: ...n 13 4 Specifying the location of a driver update image file or driver update disk 13 3 4 Use a boot option to specify a driver update image file on a network Choose this method only for completely new drivers This method only works to introduce completely new drivers not to update existing drivers Type linux dd URL where URL is the HTTP FTP or NFS address of a driver update image at the boot prom...

Page 179: ... one possible device that could hold a driver update it prompts you to select the correct device If you are not sure which option represents the device on which the driver update is stored try the various options in order until you find the correct one Figure 13 7 Selecting a driver disk source If the device that you choose contains no suitable update media the installer will prompt you to make an...

Page 180: ...dating drivers during installation on IBM POWER systems 162 Figure 13 8 Selecting a driver disk partition The installer prompts you to specify which file contains the driver update Figure 13 9 Selecting an ISO image ...

Page 181: ...or with a driver update disk the installer now copies the appropriate update files into a temporary storage area located in system RAM and not on disk The installer might ask whether you would like to use additional driver updates If you select Yes you can load additional updates in turn When you have no further driver updates to load select No If you stored the driver update on removeable media y...

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Page 183: ... may not be able to meet those demands even if they work properly under another OS Ensure that you have the latest installation updates and images from Red Hat Review the online errata to see if newer versions are available If the latest images still fail it may be due to a problem with your hardware Commonly these errors are in your memory or CPU cache A possible solution for this error is turnin...

Page 184: ...ller that is not being recognized by the installation program Check your hardware vendor s website to determine if a driver diskette image is available that fixes your problem For more general information on driver diskettes refer to Chapter 13 Updating drivers during installation on IBM POWER systems You can also refer to the Red Hat Hardware Compatibility List available online at http hardware r...

Page 185: ... point Disk Druid automatically assigns the mount point for you 14 3 5 Are You Seeing Python Errors During some upgrades or installations of Red Hat Enterprise Linux the installation program also known as anaconda may fail with a Python or traceback error This error may occur after the selection of individual packages or while trying to save the upgrade log in the tmp directory The error may look ...

Page 186: ...cal Environment If you have installed the X Window System but are not seeing a graphical desktop environment once you log into your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system you can start the X Window System graphical interface using the command startx Once you enter this command and press Enter the graphical desktop environment is displayed Note however that this is just a one time fix and does not change ...

Page 187: ...nt X you can either install the packages from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD ROMs or perform an upgrade If you elect to upgrade select the X Window System packages and choose GNOME KDE or both during the upgrade package selection process 14 4 4 Problems with the X Server Crashing and Non Root Users If you are having trouble with the X server crashing when anyone other than root logs in you may ha...

Page 188: ...rompted Then type passwd username This allows you to enter a new password for the specified user account If the graphical login screen does not appear check your hardware for compatibility issues The Hardware Compatibility List can be found at http hardware redhat com hcl 14 4 6 Your Printer Does Not Work If you are not sure how to set up your printer or are having trouble getting it to work prope...

Page 189: ...host from which you are running the original display Using the command xhost remotehostname limits access to the remote display terminal and does not allow access from anyone or any system not specifically authorized for remote access driverdisk this command performs the same function as the dd command and also prompts you to use a driver diskette during the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linu...

Page 190: ...s hardware detection and instead prompts the user for hardware information noshell this command disables shell access on virtual console 2 during an installation nostorage this command disables probing for SCSI and RAID storage hardware nousb this command disables the loading of USB support during the installation If the installation program tends to hang early in the process this command may be h...

Page 191: ...anaconda installation program It is not needed if you are performing a network installation and have already placed the updates image contents in rhupdates on the server vnc this command allows you to install from a VNC server vncpassword this command sets the password used to connect to the VNC server ...

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Page 193: ...e Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide for IBM System z Architecture systems discusses the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and some basic post installation troubleshooting Advanced installation options are covered in the second part of this manual ...

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Page 195: ...nded to assign enough memory to z VM and let z VM do the necessary swapping there may be cases where the amount of required RAM is not predictable Such instances should be examined on a case by case basis 4 Decide on the environment under which to run the operating system on an LPAR or as a guest operating system on one or more virtual machines 5 Finally it is important to review sections 3 3 thro...

Page 196: ...ion Having a CD in the drive may cause unexpected errors Ensure that you have boot media available on CD DVD or a USB storage device such as a flash drive The Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation media must be available for either a network installation via NFS FTP or HTTP or installation via local storage Use the following steps if you are performing an NFS FTP or HTTP installation The NFS FTP o...

Page 197: ...r www html rhel5 install disk1 Example 16 1 Making a Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation CD available on a HTTP server Next make sure that the publicly available directory directory is shared via FTP or HTTP and verify client access You can check to see whether the directory is accessible from the server itself and then from another machine on the same subnet that you will be installing to 16 4 ...

Page 198: ...CD ROM or from the DVD For each CD ROM once for the DVD execute the following command on a Linux system dd if dev cdrom of tmp file name iso This command may raise an error message when the data at the end of the CD ROM is reached which can be ignored The ISO images created can now be used for installation once copied to the correct DASD Using ISO images transfer these to the system to be installe...

Page 199: ...lowing commands use the repl option if you are overwriting existing kernel img and initrd img image files cd location of boot images locsite fix 80 bin get kernel img repl get initrd img repl ascii get generic prm redhat parm repl quit You may now create the parameter file for example redhat parm Refer to Chapter 19 Sample Parameter Files for sample parm files Below is an explanation of the parm f...

Page 200: ...OOBAR NETWORK 192 168 17 0 NETMASK 255 255 255 0 BROADCAST 192 168 17 255 SEARCHDNS example com systemz example com GATEWAY 192 168 17 254 DNS 192 168 17 1 MTU 4096 The following parameters are required and must be included in the parameter file DASD dasd list Where dasd list represents the list of DASD devices to be used by Red Hat Enterprise Linux Although autoprobing for DASDs is done if this p...

Page 201: ...evice_bus_id For example a sample qeth SUBCHANNEL statement SUBCHANNELS 0 0 0600 0 0 0601 0 0 0602 The following parameters are optional HOSTNAME string Where string is the hostname of the newly installed Linux guest NETTYPE type Where type must be one of the following lcs or qeth Choose lcs for OSA 2 Ethernet Token Ring OSA Express Fast Ethernet in non QDIO mode OSA Express High Speed Token Ring ...

Page 202: ... mode or non qdio mode When using qdio mode osa_portname is the portname specified on the OSA device when operating in qeth mode PORTNAME is only required for z VM 4 3 or older without APARs VM63308 and PQ73878 When using non qdio mode lcs_portnumber is used to pass the relative port number as integer in the range of 0 through 15 FCP_n device_number SCSI_ID WWPN SCSI_LUN FCP_LUN The variables can ...

Page 203: ...n installing under z VM you can add either PORTNO 0 to use port 0 or PORTNO 1 to use port 1 to the CMS configuration file to avoid being prompted for the mode Update for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 2 When installing on a System z guest for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 2 you can make the mode persistent by adding either LAYER2 0 or LAYER2 1 to the CMS configuration file Use LAYER2 0 when the OSA is in...

Page 204: ...mation about your networking and DASDs unless you have specified all necessary information in the parm file Once all questions have been answered you are ready to begin the core installation program loader To continue with the installation refer to Chapter 17 Installing on IBM System z Systems for further instructions 16 7 Installing in an LPAR using the Red Hat Enterprise Linux LPAR CD The follow...

Page 205: ...n the FTP server holding Red Hat Enterprise Linux for System z for example pub redhat linux rawhide s390x Click Continue In the dialog that follows keep the default selection of redhat ins and click Continue Refer to Section 16 9 Installing in an LPAR Common Steps to continue 16 9 Installing in an LPAR Common Steps Once the installation program has started if the red field behind the LPAR icon is ...

Page 206: ...ing system OS uses disk partitions and Red Hat Enterprise Linux is no exception When you install Red Hat Enterprise Linux you may have to work with disk partitions The disk space used by Red Hat Enterprise Linux must be separate from the disk space used by other OSes you may have installed on your system For more information about disks and partition configuration refer to Section 17 14 4 Recommen...

Page 207: ...ns where X is replaced with any underlined letter appearing within that screen Note While text mode installations are not explicitly documented those using the text mode installation program can easily follow the GUI installation instructions One thing to note is that manipulation of LVM Logical Volume Management disk volumes and the configuration of zFCP devices are only possible in graphical mod...

Page 208: ...isk Druid Here is a list of the most important widgets shown in Figure 17 1 Installation Program Widgets as seen in Boot Loader Configuration and Figure 17 2 Installation Program Widgets as seen in Disk Druid Window Windows usually referred to as dialogs in this manual appear on your screen throughout the installation process At times one window may overlay another in these cases ...

Page 209: ...gram You progress through the windows of the installation program by navigating these buttons using the Tab and Enter keys Buttons can be selected when they are highlighted Cursor Although not a widget the cursor is used to select and interact with a particular widget As the cursor is moved from widget to widget it may cause the widget to change color or the cursor itself may only appear positione...

Page 210: ...le to connect to the Linux image and display the graphical installation program using OpenSSH with X11 forwarding on a Linux workstation type the following at the workstation shell prompt ssh X linuxvm example com The X option enables X11 forwarding The graphical installation program cannot be started if your DNS or hostnames are not set correctly or the Linux image is not allowed to open applicat...

Page 211: ...the name of the directory holding the ISO images within that partition For example if the partition on which the ISO images is normally mounted as home and the images are in home new you would enter new After you have identified the disk partition the Welcome dialog appears 17 5 Installing via NFS The NFS dialog applies only if you are installing from an NFS server if you selected NFS Image in the...

Page 212: ...mages Next the Welcome dialog appears 17 6 Installing via FTP The FTP dialog applies only if you are installing from an FTP server that is if you used the askmethod boot options and selected FTP in the Installation Method dialog This dialog allows you to identify the FTP server from which you are installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux If you used the repo ftp boot option you already specified a serve...

Page 213: ... the ISO images you have already copied to the server To accomplish this install Red Hat Enterprise Linux using ISO images without copying them into a single tree by loopback mounting them For each ISO image mkdir discX mount o loop RHEL5 discX iso discX Replace X with the corresponding disc number 17 7 Installing via HTTP The HTTP dialog applies only if you are installing from an HTTP server that...

Page 214: ... Figure 17 5 HTTP Setup Dialog Next the Welcome dialog appears Note You can save disk space by using the ISO images you have already copied to the server To accomplish this install Red Hat Enterprise Linux using ISO images without copying them into a single tree by loopback mounting them For each ISO image mkdir discX mount o loop RHEL5 discX iso discX Replace X with the corresponding disc number ...

Page 215: ...o Figure 17 6 Language Selection The language you select here will become the default language for the operating system once it is installed Selecting the appropriate language also helps target your time zone configuration later in the installation The installation program tries to define the appropriate time zone based on what you specify on this screen ...

Page 216: ... continue 17 10 Enter the Installation Number Enter your Installation Number refer to Figure 17 7 Installation Number This number will determine the package selection set that is available to the installer If you choose to skip entering the installation number you will be presented with a basic selection of packages to install later on ...

Page 217: ...isk Druid The first three options allow you to perform an automated installation without having to partition your drive s yourself If you do not feel comfortable with partitioning your system it is recommended that you do not choose to create a custom layout and instead let the installation program partition for you You can configure an zFCP LUN for installation or disable a dmraid device from thi...

Page 218: ...itialized causing the loss of ALL DATA on this drive you may not have a partition table on that drive or the partition table on the drive may not be recognizable by the partitioning software used in the installation program No matter what type of installation you are performing backups of the existing data on your systems should always be made Important multipath devices To install Red Hat Enterpr...

Page 219: ... Fibre Channel protocol device be entered manually either in the installation program interactively or specified as unique parameter entries in the CMS conf file in order for the installation program to recognize the hardware The values entered here are unique to each site in which they are setup Note Interactive creation of a zFCP device is only possible in the graphical mode installer It is not ...

Page 220: ...hannel Protocol SCSI device invoke the Add FCP device dialog by selecting Add ZFCP LUN and clicking on the Add Drive button Fill in the details for the 16 bit device number 64 bit World Wide Port Number WWPN and 64 bit FCP LUN Click the Add button to attempt connection to the FCP device using this information ...

Page 221: ...FCP Devices 203 Figure 17 10 Configure FCP Device The newly added device should then be present and usable during the Disk Druid portion of the installation ...

Page 222: ...efault Layout Create default layout allows you to have some control concerning what data is removed if any from your system Your options are Remove all partitions on selected drives and create default layout select this option to remove all partitions on your hard drive s this includes partitions created by other operating systems such as z VM or z OS Warning If you select this option all data on ...

Page 223: ...n which you want Red Hat Enterprise Linux to be installed If you have two or more drives you can choose which drive s should contain this installation Unselected drives and any data on them are not touched Warning It is always a good idea to back up any data that you have on your systems For example if you are upgrading or creating a dual boot system you should back up any data you wish to keep on...

Page 224: ...pical installation 17 14 1 Graphical Display of DASD Device s Disk Druid offers a graphical representation of your DASD device s Using your mouse click once to highlight a particular field in the graphical display Double click to edit an existing partition or to create a partition out of existing free space Above the display you can review the Drive name such as dev dasda the Geom which shows the ...

Page 225: ...Partition Fields Above the partition hierarchy are labels which present information about the partitions you are creating The labels are defined as follows Device This field displays the partition s device name Mount Point RAID Volume A mount point is the location within the directory hierarchy at which a volume exists the volume is mounted at this location This field indicates where the partition...

Page 226: ... lcon_Linux_on_System_z_performance htm Linux Performance when running under VM available from http www vm ibm com perf tips linuxper html 17 14 5 Editing Partitions To edit a partition select the Edit button or double click on the existing partition Note If the partition already exists on your disk you can only change the partition s mount point To make any other changes you must delete the parti...

Page 227: ...oose to configure the IP address and Netmask for IPv4 Prefix for IPv6 of the device to use DHCP or to use static settings If you do not have DHCP client access or you are unsure what to provide here contact your network administrator Note DHCP should not be chosen for qdio qeth devices that are configured with OSA layer 3 support Layer 3 does not provide MAC address or Address Resolution Protocol ...

Page 228: ...Protocol automatically detect it or you can manually enter the hostname in the field provided Finally if you entered the IP and Netmask information manually you may also enter the Gateway address and the Primary and Secondary DNS addresses 17 16 Time Zone Configuration Set your time zone by selecting the city closest to your computer s physical location Click on the map to zoom in to a particular ...

Page 229: ...e system config date command in a shell prompt to launch the Time and Date Properties Tool If you are not root it prompts you for the root password to continue To run the Time and Date Properties Tool as a text based application use the command timeconfig 17 17 Set Root Password Setting up a root account and password is one of the most important steps during your installation Your root account is ...

Page 230: ... or an incorrect command doing damage to your system Note To become root type su at the shell prompt in a terminal window and then press Enter Then enter the root password and press Enter The installation program prompts you to set a root password 1 for your system You cannot proceed to the next stage of the installation process without entering a root password 1 A root password is the administrat...

Page 231: ...pt to launch the Root Password Tool If you are not root it prompts you for the root password to continue 17 18 Package Group Selection Now that you have made most of the choices for your installation you are ready to confirm the default package selection or customize packages for your system The Package Installation Defaults screen appears and details the default package set for your Red Hat Enter...

Page 232: ...onent you wish to install Once a package group has been selected if optional components are available you can click on Optional packages to view which packages are installed by default and to add or remove optional packages from that group If there are no optional components this button will be disabled ...

Page 233: ... If for some reason you would rather not continue with the installation process this is your last opportunity to safely cancel the process and reboot your machine Once you press the Next button partitions are written and packages are installed If you wish to abort the installation you should close your SSH session and re IPL the machineeboot now before any existing information on any hard drive is...

Page 234: ...8303 is the SCSI LUN Then the zFCP device information can be queried and used to start the IPL cp q v fcp After querying this information the zFCP device 4322 in this example could be ipl ed with a command like cp ipl 4322 For LPAR based installations the HMC console may be used to issue a load command to the LPAR specifying the particular DASD or SCSI LUN and zFCP WWPN where the boot partition is...

Page 235: ...Installation Complete 217 For information on registering your Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscription refer to Chapter 25 Activate Your Subscription ...

Page 236: ...218 ...

Page 237: ...inux To remove from the S 390 you can either remove the DASD allocation from the VM or you can start the installation program and re format all of the DASD partitions Instead of selecting OK you will select Cancel to exit the installation program ...

Page 238: ...220 ...

Page 239: ...ample CMSDASD 191 CMSCONFFILE configuration_file Where configuration_file represents the name of the configuration file This value must be specified in lower case It is specified in a Linux style file name format The CMS file REDHAT CONF is specified as redhat conf This option is applicable only for users who have a CMS formatted disk z VM available For example CMSCONFFILE redhat conf DASD dasd li...

Page 240: ...nit MTU for this connection DNS server1 server2 additional_server_terms serverN Where server1 server2 additional_server_terms serverN is a list of DNS servers separated by colons For example DNS 10 0 0 1 10 0 0 2 SEARCHDNS domain1 domain2 additional_dns_terms domainN Where domain1 domain2 additional_dns_terms domainN is a list of the search domains separated by colons For example SEARCHDNS example...

Page 241: ...n specifying LAYER2 1 and a VSWITCH is not in use you can use this parameter to specify the MAC address in the CMS configuration file FCP_ FCP_1 FCP_2 These variables can be used on systems with FCP devices to preconfigure the FCP setup these can be changed during the installation Use the following samples as a guide to formatting proper parameter files Sample file with minimally required paramete...

Page 242: ...er 19 Sample Parameter Files 224 PORTNAME FOOBAR NETWORK 192 168 17 0 NETMASK 255 255 255 0 BROADCAST 192 168 17 255 SEARCHDNS example com systemz example com GATEWAY 192 168 17 254 DNS 192 168 17 1 MTU 4096 ...

Page 243: ...t you to use a driver image from a specified HTTP FTP or NFS network address display ip 0 this command allows remote display forwarding In this command ip should be replaced with the IP address of the system on which you want the display to appear On the system you want the display to appear on you must execute the command xhost remotehostname where remotehostname is the name of the host from whic...

Page 244: ...ets the password used to connect to the VNC server noipv6 this command disables the default selection of ipv6 options during the installer stage 1 processing Ipv6 settings may still be made manually if this option is specified but the default behavior will be that Ipv6 settings are not enabled cmdline The 3270 console most often used during installation on IBM System z does not recognize terminal ...

Page 245: ...r add the DASD disks parameter to your parm file where disks is the DASD range reserved for installation and start the install again Additionally make sure you format the DASDs using the dasdfmt command within a Linux root shell instead of formatting the DASDs using CMS 21 2 2 Trouble with Partition Tables If you receive an error after the Disk Partitioning Setup Section 17 11 Disk Partitioning Se...

Page 246: ... 1 usr lib anaconda todo py line 1468 in doInstall self fstab savePartitions File fstab py line 221 in savePartitions sys exit 0 SystemExit 0 Local variables in innermost frame self fstab GuiFstab instance at 8446fe0 sys module sys built in ToDo object itodo ToDo p1 dp2 S method p3 iimage CdromInstallMethod p4 dp5 S progressWindow p6 failed This error occurs in some systems where links to tmp are ...

Page 247: ...CP replace s390vm example com with the hostname of the remote X server and displays the remote graphical login screen on display 1 of the client system usually accessible by using the Ctrl Alt F8 key combination You may also access remote desktop sessions using a nested X server which opens the remote desktop as a window in your current X session Xnest allows users to open a remote desktop nested ...

Page 248: ...nter or are having trouble getting it to work properly try using the Printer Configuration Tool Type the system config printer command at a shell prompt to launch the Printer Configuration Tool If you are not root it prompts you for the root password to continue 21 3 4 Apache based httpd service Sendmail Hangs During Startup If you are having trouble with the Apache based httpd service or Sendmail...

Page 249: ... the device 2 The bus directory This contains a ccw subdirectory and a ccwgroup subdirectory CCW devices are accessed using channel command words Devices in the ccw directory only use one subchannel on the mainframe channel subsystem CCW group devices are also accessed with channel command words but they use more than one subchannel per device For example a 3390 3 DASD device uses one subchannel w...

Page 250: ...on the following example demonstrates how to add one manually cd lib modules 2 6 7 1 451 2 3 kernel drivers s390 scsi modprobe zfcp lsmod Module Size Used by zfcp 221460 0 permanent autofs4 39944 0 qeth 166288 0 qdio 60240 3 zfcp qeth ccwgroup 25344 1 qeth ipt_REJECT 23552 1 ipt_state 18944 5 ip_conntrack 57904 1 ipt_state iptable_filter 19712 1 ip_tables 37888 3 ipt_REJECT ipt_state iptable_filte...

Page 251: ...SI SCSI revision 03 fdisk dev sda mke2fs j dev sda1 mount dev sda1 mnt df Filesystem 1K blocks Used Available Use Mounted on dev dasda1 2344224 1427948 797196 65 none 511652 0 511652 0 dev shm dev dasdb1 2365444 32828 2212456 2 opt dev sda1 3844088 32828 3615988 1 mnt cd boot mv initrd 2 6 7 1 451 2 3 img initrd 2 6 7 1 451 2 3 img orig mkinitrd v with scsi_mod with zfcp with sd_mod initrd 2 6 7 1...

Page 252: ...51 2 3 kernel drivers s390 cio qdio ko tmp initrd cT1534 lib qdio ko lib modules 2 6 7 1 451 2 3 kernel drivers s390 scsi zfcp ko tmp initrd cT1534 lib zfcp ko lib modules 2 6 7 1 451 2 3 kernel drivers scsi sd_mod ko tmp initrd cT1534 lib sd_mod ko Loading module dasd_mod with options dasd 201 4b2e Loading module dasd_eckd_mod Loading module dasd_fba_mod Loading module jbd Loading module ext3 Loa...

Page 253: ...xample the DEVICE line is using traditional file name globbing refer to the glob 7 man page for more information to define the following SCSI devices dev sda1 dev sdb1 dev sdc1 dev sdd1 The ARRAY line defines a RAID device dev md0 that is comprised of the SCSI devices defined by the DEVICE line Prior to the creation or usage of any RAID devices the proc mdstat file shows no active RAID devices Per...

Page 254: ...tual controller accessing a common SCSI LUN disk drive the Linux kernel detects each shared drive once through each path In other words the SCSI LUN disk drive known as dev sda may also be accessible as dev sdb dev sdc and so on depending on the specific configuration To provide a single device that can remain accessible if an I O path fails or becomes saturated mdadm includes an additional parame...

Page 255: ...r 2 10 56 37 2004 State dirty no errors Active Devices 1 Working Devices 4 Failed Devices 0 Spare Devices 3 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 49 0 active sync dev sdd1 1 8 17 1 spare dev sdb1 2 8 33 2 spare dev sdc1 3 8 1 3 spare dev sda1 UUID 4b564608 fa01c716 550bd8ff 735d92dc Events 0 1 Another feature of mdadm is the ability to force a device be it a member of a RAID array or a path in a...

Page 256: ...CPLDI2817I Load completed from the processor controller 00 HCPLDI2817I Now starting machine loader version 0001 01 HCPGSP2630I The virtual machine is placed in CP mode due to a SIGP stop and store status from CPU 00 00 MLOEVL012I Machine loader up and running version 0 13 00 MLOPDM003I Machine loader finished moving data to final storage location Linux version 2 6 7 1 451 2 3 bhcompile example z90...

Page 257: ...t online echo 1 online cat online 1 4 Verify which block devnode it is being accessed as ls l total 0 r r r 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17 04 availability lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 25 17 07 block block dasdb rw r r 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17 04 cmb_enable r r r 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17 04 cutype rw r r 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17 04 detach_state r r r 1 root root 4096 Aug 25 17 04 devtype r r r 1 ...

Page 258: ...per group Superblock backups stored on blocks 32768 98304 163840 229376 294912 Writing inode tables done Creating journal 8192 blocks done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or 180 days whichever comes first Use tune2fs c or i to override Mount the new file system mount dev dasdb1 opt mount dev dasda1 on type...

Page 259: ...odule dasd_fba_mod dasd_mod Looking for deps of module dasd_mod Looking for deps of module ext3 jbd Looking for deps of module jbd Using modules kernel drivers s390 block dasd_mod ko kernel drivers s390 block dasd_eckd_mod ko kernel drivers s390 block dasd_fba_mod ko kernel fs jbd jbd ko kernel fs ext3 ext3 ko Using loopback device dev loop0 sbin nash tmp initrd AR1182 bin nash sbin insmod static ...

Page 260: ...isabled Default configuration linux Syncing disks Done 22 6 Adding a Network Device The process of adding a network device has changed with the migration of the 2 4 kernel to the 2 6 kernel The proc file system is no longer used to control or obtain status on network devices The new sys file system now provides facilities for controlling devices sys class net interface_name device now provides sta...

Page 261: ...2 The device is a z VM virtual NIC and the IP address to be assigned to this interface is 192 168 70 69 echo 0 0 0600 0 0 0601 0 0 0602 sys bus ccwgroup drivers qeth group Next verify that the qeth group device was created properly ls sys bus ccwgroup drivers qeth 0 0 0600 0 0 09a0 group notifier_register You may optionally add a portname First you must check to see if a portname is required cat s...

Page 262: ...cast_mode buffer_count canonical_macaddr checksumming detach_state fake_broadcast fake_ll ipa_takeover portno priority_queueing recover route4 rxip ungroup vipa For information on how these features work refer to http www 128 ibm com developerworks linux linux390 october2005_documentation html 3 Device Drivers Features and Commands SC33 8289 02 Now you need to create the configuration file for you...

Page 263: ...nt to reflect the contents of the if_name file from your ccwgroup Modify the IPADDR statement to reflect the IP address of your new interface Modify the NETMASK statement as needed If you want your new interface to be activated at boot time then make sure ONBOOT is set to yes Make sure the SUBCHANNELS statement matches the hardware addresses for your qeth device etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg...

Page 264: ... 00 00 01 BOOTPROTO static IPADDR 192 168 70 69 NETMASK 255 255 255 0 ONBOOT yes NETTYPE qeth SUBCHANNELS 0 0 0600 0 0 0601 0 0 0602 TYPE Ethernet Check the routing for the new interface route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192 168 70 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 eth1 9 12 20 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169 254 0 0 255 255 0 0 U 0 0 0 eth1 default pdlrou...

Page 265: ...e first device of that type 1 for the second and so on Load the device driver modprobe lcs Create the group device echo read_device_bus_id write_device_bus_id sys bus ccwgroup drivers lcs group Due to the length of this command it has been broken into two lines Configure the device OSA cards can provide up to 16 ports for a single CHPID By default the LCS group device uses port 0 To use a differen...

Page 266: ...ng DEVICE ethn DEVICE trn Activate the device Based on the type interface being added issue an ifup command ifup ethn ifup trn 22 6 2 2 Working With the QETH Device Driver The QETH network device driver supports IBM System z HiperSockets OSA Express Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet including 1000Base T High Speed Token Ring and ATM features running Ethernet LAN emulation in QDIO mode Based on the ty...

Page 267: ...p drivers qeth read_device_bus_id online Define the alias Based on the type interface being added add a line to etc modprobe conf that is like one of the following hsin alias qeth ethn alias qeth trn alias qeth Create a configuration script Create a file in etc sysconfig network scripts with a name like one of the following ifcfg hsin ifcfg ethn ifcfg trn The file should look like this etc sysconf...

Page 268: ...g thousands of copies of the kernel each generating interrupts many times a second can result in excessive system overhead Therefore Red Hat Enterprise Linux now includes the ability to turn off periodic timer interrupts This is done through the proc file system To disable periodic timer interrupts issue the following command echo 0 proc sys kernel hz_timer To enable periodic timer interrupts issu...

Page 269: ... Tasks Information that is common to all architectures related to registering your system with Red Hat Network choosing whether to install or upgrade and information on disk partitioning is contained in this section ...

Page 270: ......

Page 271: ... described in this section Do not install a driver update rpm unless you are certain that your system requires it Installing a driver update on a system for which it was not intended can cause system difficulties To see a list of driver updates already installed on your system click Applications Add Remove Software on your desktop and enter the root password if prompted for it Click the Search tab...

Page 272: ...d like all other software packages they are automatically validated at install time To perform this step manually type the following at a command line rpm checksig v filename rpm where filename rpm is the driver update rpm package file name This verifies the package against using the standard Red Hat GPG package signing key that is already installed on any Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 5 system If yo...

Page 273: ...driver updates that you have installed There is no need to re install driver updates following an errata update Generally when Red Hat releases a new version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux all driver updates for the previous version are incorporated in the new version However if it was not possible to include a particular driver you will need to perform another driver update when you install the new ...

Page 274: ...256 ...

Page 275: ... 5 5 over your previous Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation To upgrade from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 you should bring your system up to date using RHN before performing the upgrade This recommended reinstallation method helps to ensure the best system stability possible For more information about re installing your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system refer to the Whitepapers available online at ht...

Page 276: ...ap file that equals twice your RAM it asks you if you would like to add a new swap file If your system does not have a lot of RAM less than 256 MB it is recommended that you add this swap file 24 2 Upgrading Your System The Upgrade Examine screen appears if you have instructed the installation program to perform an upgrade Note If the contents of your etc redhat release file have been changed from...

Page 277: ...e Linux on your system select Perform a new Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation and refer to Chapter 4 Installing on Intel and AMD Systems Chapter 12 Installing on IBM System i and IBM System p systems or Chapter 17 Installing on IBM System z Systems for further instructions ...

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Page 279: ...Red Hat Login If you do not have an existing Red Hat login you can create one when prompted during the Setup Agent or online at https www redhat com apps activate newlogin html A Red Hat login enables your access to Software updates errata and maintenance via Red Hat Network Red Hat technical support resources documentation and Knowledgebase If you have forgotten your Red Hat login you can search ...

Page 280: ...formation and Send system package list options when prompted 2 After the Setup Agent has been completed From Applications the main menu on the panel go to System Tools then select Software Updater 3 After the Setup Agent has been completed Run rhn_register from the command line as the root user ...

Page 281: ...eliably retrieve it on command When discussing issues such as disk partitioning it is important to know a bit about the underlying hardware Unfortunately it is easy to become bogged down in details Therefore this appendix uses a simplified diagram of a disk drive to help explain what is really happening when a disk drive is partitioned Figure 26 1 An Unused Disk Drive shows a brand new unused disk...

Page 282: ...luding many commonly used by other operating systems making data interchange between different file systems easy Figure 26 3 Disk Drive with a Different File System Of course writing a file system to disk is only the beginning The goal of this process is to actually store and retrieve data Let us take a look at our drive after some files have been written to it Figure 26 4 Disk Drive with Data Wri...

Page 283: ...ws the partition table is divided into four sections or four primary partitions A primary partition is a partition on a hard drive that can contain only one logical drive or section Each section can hold the information necessary to define a single partition meaning that the partition table can define no more than four partitions Each partition table entry contains several important characteristic...

Page 284: ...s contains a listing of some popular and obscure partition types along with their hexadecimal numeric values Partition Type Value Partition Type Value Empty 00 Novell Netware 386 65 DOS 12 bit FAT 01 PIC IX 75 XENIX root 02 Old MINIX 80 XENIX usr 03 Linux MINUX 81 DOS 16 bit 32M 04 Linux swap 82 Extended 05 Linux native 83 DOS 16 bit 32 06 Linux extended 85 OS 2 HPFS 07 Amoeba 93 AIX 08 Amoeba BBT...

Page 285: ...xtended Partition shows a disk drive with one primary partition and one extended partition containing two logical partitions along with some unpartitioned free space Figure 26 7 Disk Drive With Extended Partition As this figure implies there is a difference between primary and logical partitions there can only be four primary partitions but there is no fixed limit to the number of logical partitio...

Page 286: ...drive refer to Section 26 1 4 3 Using Free Space from an Active Partition Next we will discuss a slightly more common situation 26 1 4 2 Using Space from an Unused Partition In this case maybe you have one or more partitions that you do not use any longer Perhaps you have dabbled with another operating system in the past and the partition s you dedicated to it never seem to be used anymore Figure ...

Page 287: ... your original partition and its operating system installation After creating a smaller partition for your existing operating system you can reinstall any software restore your data and start your Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation Figure 26 10 Disk Drive Being Destructively Repartitioned shows this being done Figure 26 10 Disk Drive Being Destructively Repartitioned In Figure 26 10 Disk Drive ...

Page 288: ...ion s you may be forced to destructively repartition your disk 26 1 4 3 2 Resize the existing partition Figure 26 12 Disk Drive with Partition Resized shows the actual resizing process While the actual result of the resizing operation varies depending on the software used in most cases the newly freed space is used to create an unformatted partition of the same type as the original partition Figur...

Page 289: ...t of the newly freed space If your goal is to use that space to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux you should delete the newly created partition either by using the partitioning utility under your current operating system or while setting up partitions during installation 26 1 5 Partition Naming Scheme Linux refers to disk partitions using a combination of letters and numbers which may be confusing ...

Page 290: ...sier to understand when you are setting up the partitions Red Hat Enterprise Linux requires 26 1 6 Disk Partitions and Other Operating Systems If your Red Hat Enterprise Linux partitions are sharing a hard disk with partitions used by other operating systems most of the time you will have no problems However there are certain combinations of Linux and other operating systems that require extra car...

Page 291: ...tion to the number and size of the partitions to be used by your new operating system The question of how many partitions continues to spark debate within the Linux community and without any end to the debate in sight it is safe to say that there are probably as many partition layouts as there are people debating the issue Keeping this in mind we recommend that unless you have a reason for doing o...

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Page 293: ...rong there are ways to fix problems However these methods require that you understand the system well This section describes how to boot into rescue mode single user mode and emergency mode where you can use your own knowledge to repair the system ...

Page 294: ......

Page 295: ...on problem occurs when using a partitioning tool to resize a partition or create a new partition from free space after installation and it changes the order of your partitions If the partition number of your partition changes the boot loader might not be able to find it to mount the partition To fix this problem boot in rescue mode and modify the boot grub grub conf file For instructions on how to...

Page 296: ...If you used a boot CD ROM or other media to start rescue mode the installation tree must be from the same tree from which the media was created For more information about how to setup an installation tree on a hard drive NFS server FTP server or HTTP server refer to the earlier section of this guide If you select a rescue image that does not require a network connection you are asked whether or no...

Page 297: ...t environment type exit to return to the prompt If you selected Skip you can still try to mount a partition or LVM2 logical volume manually inside rescue mode by creating a directory such as foo and typing the following command mount t ext3 dev mapper VolGroup00 LogVol02 foo In the above command foo is a directory that you have created and dev mapper VolGroup00 LogVol02 is the LVM2 logical volume ...

Page 298: ...One of the advantages of single user mode is that you do not need a boot CD ROM however it does not give you the option to mount the file systems as read only or not mount them at all If your system boots but does not allow you to log in when it has completed booting try single user mode In single user mode your computer boots to runlevel 1 Your local file systems are mounted but your network is n...

Page 299: ...in advantage of emergency mode over single user mode is that the init files are not loaded If init is corrupted or not working you can still mount file systems to recover data that could be lost during a re installation To boot into emergency mode use the same method as described for single user mode in Section 27 3 Booting into Single User Mode with one exception replace the keyword single with t...

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Page 301: ...iting the shell 28 1 Special Considerations for Accessing the SCSI Utilities from Rescue Mode If your system uses Native DASD disks you may need access to the SCSI utilities from rescue mode These utilities are located on the driver disc CD The driver disc CD cannot be mounted from rescue mode unless special steps are taken These steps are described below If you have a second CD ROM drive assigned...

Page 302: ...Chapter 28 Rescue Mode on POWER Systems 284 8 When the Linux system has booted into rescue mode the CD ROM drive is available for use and you can mount the driver media to access the SCSI utilities ...

Page 303: ...ic post installation troubleshooting However advanced installation options are also covered in this manual This part provides instructions for kickstart an automated installation technique and all related tools Use this part in conjunction with the first part of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide to perform any of these advanced installation tasks ...

Page 304: ......

Page 305: ... the kernel device mapper subsystem via the dm crypt module This arrangement provides a low level mapping that handles encryption and decryption of the device s data User level operations such as creating and accessing encrypted devices are accomplished through the use of the cryptsetup utility 29 2 1 Overview of LUKS What LUKS does LUKS encrypts entire block devices LUKS is thereby well suited fo...

Page 306: ...phrase Note the use of the term passphrase as opposed to the term password This is intentional Providing a phrase containing multiple words to increase the security of your data is important 29 3 Creating Encrypted Block Devices in Anaconda You can create encrypted devices during system installation This allows you to easily configure a system with encrypted partitions To enable block device encry...

Page 307: ...al volumes LVM logical volumes and software RAID arrays 29 4 Creating Encrypted Block Devices on the Installed System After Installation Encrypted block devices can be created and configured after installation 29 4 1 Create the block devices Create the block devices you want to encrypt by using parted pvcreate lvcreate and mdadm 29 4 2 Optional Fill the device with random data Filling device eg de...

Page 308: ...mapper It is useful to choose a meaningful name for this mapping LUKS provides a UUID Universally Unique Identifier for each device This unlike the device name eg dev sda3 is guaranteed to remain constant as long as the LUKS header remains intact To find a LUKS device s UUID run the following command cryptsetup luksUUID device An example of a reliable informative and unique mapping name would be l...

Page 309: ...n t exist create it and change the owner and group to root root root and change the mode to 0744 Add a line to the file with the following format name device none The device field should be given in the form UUID luks_uuid where luks_uuid is the LUKS uuid as given by the command cryptsetup luksUUID device This ensures the correct device will be identified and used even if the device node eg dev sd...

Page 310: ... adding keys 29 5 1 1 Generate a key This will generate a 256 bit key in the file HOME keyfile dd if dev urandom of HOME keyfile bs 32 count 1 chmod 600 HOME keyfile 29 5 1 2 Add the key to an available keyslot on the encrypted device cryptsetup luksAddKey device keyfile 29 5 2 Add a new passphrase to an existing device cryptsetup luksAddKey device After being prompted for any one of the existing ...

Page 311: ...the text mode environment and specific things e g LVM configuration are deliberately left out of the text mode environment The reasons for this are Less screen real estate for creating user interfaces similar to those found in the graphical mode Difficult internationalization support Desire to maintain a single interactive installation code path All of these reasons and more are why you the enterp...

Page 312: ... viewer and connect to the target system to continue the installation The VNC viewer will present anaconda to you in graphical mode There are some disadvantages to direct mode including Requires visual access to the system console to see the IP address and port to connect the VNC viewer to Requires interactive access to the system console to complete the first stage of the installer If either of t...

Page 313: ...be possible to connect the two systems directly using a regular patch cable 2 Configure the VNC viewer system to use a RFC 1918 address with no gateway This private network connection will only be used for the purpose of installation Configure the VNC viewer system to be 192 168 100 1 24 If that address is in use just pick something else in the RFC 1918 address space that is available to you 3 Sta...

Page 314: ...Firewall Considerations If you are performing the installation where the VNC viewer system is a workstation on a different subnet from the target system you may run in to network routing problems VNC works fine so long as your viewer system has a route to the target system and ports 5900 and 5901 are open If your environment has a firewall make sure ports 5900 and 5901 are open between your workst...

Page 315: ... tightvnc com RFC 1918 Address Allocation for Private Networks http www ietf org rfc rfc1918 txt Anaconda boot options http fedoraproject org wiki Anaconda Options Kickstart documentation http fedoraproject org wiki Anaconda Kickstart ...

Page 316: ...298 ...

Page 317: ...e kickstart file available on the network 3 Make the installation tree available 4 Start the kickstart installation This chapter explains these steps in detail 31 3 Creating the Kickstart File The kickstart file is a simple text file containing a list of items each identified by a keyword You can create it by using the Kickstart Configurator application or writing it from scratch The Red Hat Enter...

Page 318: ...use the Kickstart Configurator application Refer to Chapter 32 Kickstart Configurator for details Note If the option is followed by an equals mark a value must be specified after it In the example commands options in brackets are optional arguments for the command autopart optional Automatically create partitions 1 GB or more root partition a swap partition and an appropriate boot partition for th...

Page 319: ...owing your system to retrieve information about users UIDs home directories shells etc from an LDAP directory To use this option you must install the nss_ldap package You must also specify a server and a base DN distinguished name with ldapserver and ldapbasedn enableldapauth Use LDAP as an authentication method This enables the pam_ldap module for authentication and changing passwords using an LD...

Page 320: ...set in etc hesiod conf This option is used by the Hesiod library to determine the name to search DNS for when looking up information similar to LDAP s use of a base DN Note To look up user information for jim the Hesiod library looks up jim passwd LHS RHS which should resolve to a TXT record that looks like what his passwd entry would look like jim 501 501 Jungle Jim home jim bin bash For groups t...

Page 321: ... hypervisor arguments To specify multiple parameters separate them with spaces For example bootloader hvargs dom0_mem 2G dom0_max_vcpus 4 location Specifies where the boot record is written Valid values are the following mbr the default partition installs the boot loader on the first sector of the partition containing the kernel or none do not install the boot loader password If using GRUB sets th...

Page 322: ...ce command which tells the installation program to install extra modules is in this format device type moduleName opts options type Replace with either scsi or eth moduleName Replace with the name of the kernel module which should be installed opts Mount options to use for mounting the NFS export Any options that can be specified in etc fstab for an NFS mount are allowed The options are listed in ...

Page 323: ... udp To specify multiple ports separate them by commas firstboot optional Determine whether the Setup Agent starts the first time the system is booted If enabled the firstboot package must be installed If not specified this option is disabled by default enable or enabled The Setup Agent is started the first time the system boots disable or disabled The Setup Agent is not started the first time the...

Page 324: ...t be either vfat or ext2 biospart BIOS partition to install from such as 82 partition Partition to install from such as sdb2 dir Directory containing the variant directory of the installation tree For example harddrive partition hdb2 dir tmp install tree nfs Install from the NFS server specified server Server from which to install hostname or IP dir Directory containing the variant directory of th...

Page 325: ... refer to iSCSI disks with parameters such as clearpart or ignoredisk port mandatory the port number typically port 3260 user the username required to authenticate with the target password the password that corresponds with the username specified for the target reverse user the username required to authenticate with the initiator from a target that uses reverse CHAP authentication reverse password...

Page 326: ... using the lang command installation will continue in English though the running system will have the specified langauge by default langsupport deprecated The langsupport keyword is deprecated and its use will cause an error message to be printed to the screen and installation to halt Instead of using the langsupport keyword you should now list the support package groups for all languages you want...

Page 327: ...en remote host which must be running a syslogd process configured to accept remote logging port If the remote syslogd process uses a port other than the default it may be specified with this option level One of debug info warning error or critical Specify the minimum level of messages that appear on tty3 All messages will still be sent to the log file regardless of this level however mediacheck op...

Page 328: ...ethod is similar requiring a BOOTP server to supply the networking configuration To direct a system to use DHCP network bootproto dhcp To direct a machine to use BOOTP to obtain its networking configuration use the following line in the kickstart file network bootproto bootp The static method requires that you enter all the required networking information in the kickstart file As the name implies ...

Page 329: ...an IP address nameserver Primary nameserver as an IP address nodns Do not configure any DNS server netmask Netmask for the installed system hostname Hostname for the installed system ethtool Specifies additional low level settings for the network device which will be passed to the ethtool program essid The network ID for wireless networks wepkey The encryption key for wireless networks onboot Whet...

Page 330: ...commendation changes to 2GB plus the amount of RAM raid id The partition is used for software RAID refer to raid pv id The partition is used for LVM refer to logvol size The minimum partition size in megabytes Specify an integer value here such as 500 Do not append the number with MB grow Tells the partition to grow to fill available space if any or up to the maximum size setting Note If you use g...

Page 331: ...uires that the starting cylinder be specified with start bytes per inode Specifies the size of inodes on the filesystem to be made on the partition Not all filesystems support this option so it is silently ignored for those cases recommended Determine the size of the partition automatically onbiosdisk Forces the partition to be created on a particular disk as discovered by the BIOS encrypted Speci...

Page 332: ...and each may only be used once bytes per inode Specifies the size of inodes on the filesystem to be made on the RAID device Not all filesystems support this option so it is silently ignored for those cases spares Specifies the number of spare drives allocated for the RAID array Spare drives are used to rebuild the array in case of drive failure fstype Sets the file system type for the RAID array V...

Page 333: ...ption may result in an endless installation loop depending on the installation media and method The reboot option is the default completion method if no other methods are explicitly specified in the kickstart file For other completion methods refer to the halt poweroff and shutdown kickstart options repo optional Configures additional yum repositories that may be used as sources for package instal...

Page 334: ...before the services listed in the enabled list are enabled disabled Disable the services given in the comma separated list enabled Enable the services given in the comma separated list Do not include spaces in the list of services If you include spaces in the comma separated list kickstart will enable or disable only the services up to the first space For example services disabled auditd cups smar...

Page 335: ...he groups must exist before the user account is created homedir The home directory for the user If not provided this defaults to home username password The new user s password If not provided the account will be locked by default iscrypted Is the password provided by password already encrypted or not shell The user s login shell If not provided this defaults to the system default uid The user s UI...

Page 336: ...final system driver Specify the X driver to use for the video hardware videoram Specifies the amount of video RAM the video card has defaultdesktop Specify either GNOME or KDE to set the default desktop assumes that GNOME Desktop Environment and or KDE Desktop Environment has been installed through packages startxonboot Use a graphical login on the installed system resolution Specify the default r...

Page 337: ...an add spares x raid fstype ext3 device md0 level RAID1 raid 11 raid 21 raid safe fstype ext3 device md1 level RAID1 raid 12 raid 22 raid swap fstype swap device md2 level RAID1 raid 13 raid 23 raid usr fstype ext3 device md3 level RAID1 raid 14 raid 24 raid pv 01 fstype ext3 device md4 level RAID1 raid 15 raid 25 LVM configuration so that we can resize var and usr local later volgroup sysvg pv 01...

Page 338: ...roup is selected to be installed In most cases it is only necessary to list the desired groups and not individual packages Note that the Core and Base groups are always selected by default so it is not necessary to specify them in the packages section Here is an example packages selection packages X Window System GNOME Desktop Environment Graphical Internet Sound and Video dhcp As you can see grou...

Page 339: ...g language of your choice 31 6 1 Example Here is an example pre section pre bin sh hds mymedia for file in proc ide h do mymedia cat file media if mymedia disk then hds hds basename file fi done set hds numhd echo drive1 echo hds cut d f1 drive2 echo hds cut d f2 Write out partition scheme based on whether there are 1 or 2 hard drives if numhd 2 then 2 drives echo partitioning scheme generated in ...

Page 340: ...ection is useful for functions such as installing additional software and configuring an additional nameserver Note If you configured the network with static IP information including a nameserver you can access the network and resolve IP addresses in the post section If you configured the network for DHCP the etc resolv conf file has not been completed when the installation executes the post secti...

Page 341: ...commonly used as most kickstart installations tend to be performed on networked computers Let us take a more in depth look at where the kickstart file may be placed 31 8 1 Creating Kickstart Boot Media Diskette based booting is no longer supported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installations must use CD ROM or flash memory products for booting However the kickstart file may still reside on a diskette...

Page 342: ...ng information as well as the location of the kickstart file If a kickstart file is specified by the BOOTP DHCP server the client system attempts an NFS mount of the file s path and copies the specified file to the client using it as the kickstart file The exact settings required vary depending on the BOOTP DHCP server you use Here is an example of a line from the dhcpd conf file for the DHCP serv...

Page 343: ...kstart file if the ks command line argument is passed to the kernel CD ROM 1 and Diskette The linux ks floppy command also works if the ks cfg file is located on a vfat or ext2 file system on a diskette and you boot from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD ROM 1 An alternate boot command is to boot off the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD ROM 1 and have the kickstart file on a vfat or ext2 file system on a...

Page 344: ... those which can be used for the keyboard kickstart command ks nfs server path The installation program looks for the kickstart file on the NFS server server as file path The installation program uses DHCP to configure the Ethernet card For example if your NFS server is server example com and the kickstart file is in the NFS share mydir ks cfg the correct boot command would be ks nfs server exampl...

Page 345: ...the NFS server If DHCP is specified and the boot file begins with something other than a the boot file provided by DHCP is looked for in the kickstart directory on the NFS server If DHCP did not specify a boot file then the installation program tries to read the file kickstart 1 2 3 4 kickstart where 1 2 3 4 is the numeric IP address of the machine being installed ksdevice device The installation ...

Page 346: ...er required for doing text mode installation in some languages nofirewire Do not load support for firewire devices noipv6 Disable IPv6 networking during installation This option is not available during PXE installations During installations from a PXE server IPv6 networking might become active before anaconda processes the Kickstart file If so this option will have no effect during installation no...

Page 347: ...8 for example serial Turns on serial console support skipddc Skips DDC probe of monitor may help if it s hanging system syslog host port Once installation is up and running send log messages to the syslog process on host and optionally on port port Requires the remote syslog process to accept connections the r option text Force text mode install updates Prompt for floppy containing updates bug fix...

Page 348: ...nnect to the vnc client named host and optionally use port port Requires vnc option to be specified as well vncpassword password Enable a password for the vnc connection This will prevent someone from inadvertently connecting to the vnc based installation Requires vnc option to be specified as well ...

Page 349: ...to install it with yum or your graphical package manager To start Kickstart Configurator select Applications the main menu on the panel System Tools Kickstart or type the command usr sbin system config kickstart As you are creating a kickstart file you can select File Preview at any time to review your current selections To start with an existing kickstart file select File Open and select the exis...

Page 350: ...xt file that can be easily read it is recommended that an encrypted password be used Select the Specify installation key checkbox to provide an installation key Choosing Target Architecture specifies which specific hardware architecture distribution is used during installation Choosing Reboot system after installation reboots your system automatically after the installation is finished Kickstart i...

Page 351: ...ion tree For example if the NFS server contains the directory mirrors redhat i386 Server enter mirrors redhat i386 for the NFS directory FTP Choose this option to install or upgrade from an FTP server In the FTP server text field enter a fully qualified domain name or IP address For the FTP directory enter the name of the FTP directory that contains the variant directory For example if the FTP ser...

Page 352: ... Red Hat Enterprise Linux on x86 x86_64 architectures If you do not want to install a boot loader select Do not install a boot loader If you choose not to install a boot loader make sure you create a boot diskette or have another way to boot your system such as a third party boot loader You must choose where to install the boot loader the Master Boot Record or the first sector of the boot partitio...

Page 353: ...on Select whether or not to clear the Master Boot Record MBR Choose to remove all existing partitions remove all existing Linux partitions or preserve existing partitions To initialize the disk label to the default for the architecture of the system for example msdos for x86 and gpt for Itanium select Initialize the disk label if you are installing on a brand new hard drive Note Although anaconda ...

Page 354: ...stead of specifying a size Force the partition to be created as a primary partition Create the partition on a specific hard drive For example to make the partition on the first IDE hard disk dev hda specify hda as the drive Do not include dev in the drive name Use an existing partition For example to make the partition on the first partition on the first IDE hard disk dev hda1 specify hda1 as the ...

Page 355: ...e partition options and click OK To delete an existing partition select the partition from the list and click the Delete button 32 4 1 1 Creating Software RAID Partitions To create a software RAID partition use the following steps 1 Click the RAID button 2 Select Create a software RAID partition 3 Configure the partitions as previously described except select Software RAID as the file system type ...

Page 356: ...tup All of your partitions do not have to be RAID partitions After creating all the partitions needed to form a RAID device follow these steps 1 Click the RAID button 2 Select Create a RAID device 3 Select a mount point file system type RAID device name RAID level RAID members number of spares for the software RAID device and whether to format the RAID device ...

Page 357: ...Creating Partitions 339 Figure 32 7 Creating a Software RAID Device 4 Click OK to add the device to the list ...

Page 358: ...ou choose a networking based installation method NFS FTP or HTTP Networking can always be configured after installation with the Network Administration Tool system config network Refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide for details For each Ethernet card on the system click Add Network Device and select the network device and network type for the device Select eth0 to configure the f...

Page 359: ...authentication NIS LDAP Kerberos 5 Hesiod SMB Name Switch Cache These methods are not enabled by default To enable one or more of these methods click the appropriate tab click the checkbox next to Enable and enter the appropriate information for the authentication method Refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide for more information about the options 32 7 Firewall Configuration The Fi...

Page 360: ... from internal system you might want to allow connections from it If a service is selected in the Trusted services list connections for the service are accepted and processed by the system In the Other ports text field list any additional ports that should be opened for remote access Use the following format port protocol For example to allow IMAP access through the firewall specify imap tcp Numer...

Page 361: ...default Next choose whether to start the X Window System when the system is booted This option starts the system in runlevel 5 with the graphical login screen After the system is installed this can be changed by modifying the etc inittab configuration file Also select whether to start the Setup Agent the first time the system is rebooted It is disabled by default but the setting can be changed to ...

Page 362: ...d driver from the list on the Video Card tab as shown in Figure 32 12 X Configuration Video Card Specify the amount of video RAM the selected video card has from the Video Card RAM pulldown menu These values are used by the installation program to configure the X Window System Figure 32 12 X Configuration Video Card 32 8 3 Monitor After configuring the video card click on the Monitor tab as shown ...

Page 363: ...itor the installation program stops at the monitor configuration screen To continue the installation process select your monitor from the list and click Next Alternatively you can select your monitor from the list You can also specify the horizontal and vertical sync rates instead of selecting a specific monitor by checking the Specify hsync and vsync instead of monitor option This option is usefu...

Page 364: ...s you to choose which package groups to install Package resolution is carried out automatically Currently Kickstart Configurator does not allow you to select individual packages To install individual packages modify the packages section of the kickstart file after you save it Refer to Section 31 5 Package Selection for details ...

Page 365: ...environment are provided by a version of busybox called busybox anaconda Busybox supplied commands do not provide all features but supply only the most commonly used features The following list of available commands include commands provided by busybox addgroup adduser adjtimex ar arping ash awk basename bbconfig bunzip2 busybox bzcat cal cat catv chattr chgrp chmod chown chroot chvt cksum clear c...

Page 366: ...aceroute true tty tune2fs udhcpc udhcpd umount uname uncompress uniq unix2dos unlzma unzip uptime usleep uudecode uuencode vconfig vi vlock watch watchdog wc wget which who whoami xargs yes zcat zcip For a description of any of these commands run busybox command help In addition to the aforementioned commands the following commands are provided in their full featured versions anaconda bash bzip2 j...

Page 367: ...file the network is enabled and the script can include commands to access resources on the network To include a post installation script type it in the text area Warning Do not include the post command It is added for you For example to change the message of the day for the newly installed system add the following command to the post section echo Hackers will be punished etc motd Note More example...

Page 368: ...r example if you select Run outside of the chroot environment the previous example must be changed to the following echo Hackers will be punished mnt sysimage etc motd 32 11 2 Use an Interpreter To specify a scripting language to use to execute the script select the Use an interpreter option and enter the interpreter in the text box beside it For example usr bin python2 2 can be specified for a Py...

Page 369: ...utton in the preview window To save the file without previewing it select File Save File or press Ctrl S A dialog box appears Select where to save the file After saving the file refer to Section 31 10 Starting a Kickstart Installation for information on how to start the kickstart installation ...

Page 370: ...352 ...

Page 371: ... stage boot loader loads itself into memory and launches the second stage boot loader from the boot partition 3 The second stage boot loader loads the kernel into memory which in turn loads any necessary modules and mounts the root partition read only 4 The kernel transfers control of the boot process to the sbin init program 5 The sbin init program loads all services and user space tools and moun...

Page 372: ...6 boot loaders For more information about configuring and using GRUB see Chapter 9 The GRUB Boot Loader A boot loader for the x86 platform is broken into at least two stages The first stage is a small machine code binary on the MBR Its sole job is to locate the second stage boot loader and load the first part of it into memory GRUB has the advantage of being able to read ext2 and ext3 1 partitions...

Page 373: ...lizes and configures the computer s memory and configures the various hardware attached to the system including all processors I O subsystems and storage devices It then looks for the compressed initramfs image s in a predetermined location in memory decompresses it directly to sysroot and loads all necessary drivers Next it initializes virtual devices related to the file system such as LVM or sof...

Page 374: ...ine which processes to start and stop Below is an example listing of the etc rc d rc5 d directory K05innd init d innd K05saslauthd init d saslauthd K10dc_server init d dc_server K10psacct init d psacct K10radiusd init d radiusd K12dc_client init d dc_client K12FreeWnn init d FreeWnn K12mailman init d mailman K12mysqld init d mysqld K15httpd init d httpd K20netdump server init d netdump server K20r...

Page 375: ...il init d sendmail S85gpm init d gpm S87iiim init d iiim S90canna init d canna S90crond init d crond S90xfs init d xfs S95atd init d atd S96readahead init d readahead S97messagebus init d messagebus S97rhnsd init d rhnsd S99local rc local As illustrated in this listing none of the scripts that actually start and stop the services are located in the etc rc d rc5 d directory Rather all of the files ...

Page 376: ...runs a script called etc X11 prefdm The prefdm script executes the preferred X display manager 3 gdm kdm or xdm depending on the contents of the etc sysconfig desktop file Once finished the system operates on runlevel 5 and displays a login screen 33 3 Running Additional Programs at Boot Time The etc rc d rc local script is executed by the init command at boot time or when changing runlevels Addin...

Page 377: ...d on a given runlevel init can quickly change the mode of the machine without the user manually stopping and starting services The following runlevels are defined by default under Red Hat Enterprise Linux 0 Halt 1 Single user text mode 2 Not used user definable 3 Full multi user text mode 4 Not used user definable 5 Full multi user graphical mode with an X based login screen 6 Reboot In general us...

Page 378: ...y provides an interactive text based interface which some find easier to use than chkconfig Services Configuration Tool The graphical Services Configuration Tool system config services program is a flexible utility for configuring runlevels Refer to the chapter titled Controlling Access to Services in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide for more information regarding these tools 33 5 Shu...

Page 379: ...o export the installation tree 2 Configure the files on the tftp server necessary for PXE booting 3 Configure which hosts are allowed to boot from the PXE configuration 4 Start the tftp service 5 Configure DHCP 6 Boot the client and start the installation 34 1 Setting up the Network Server First configure an NFS FTP or HTTP server to export the entire installation tree for the version and variant ...

Page 380: ...e location of the installation tree on that server after the L option k kernel Provide the specific kernel version of the server installation tree for booting K kickstart Provide the location of the kickstart file if available os identifer Specify the OS identifier which is used as the directory name in the tftpboot linux install directory If FTP is selected as the installation protocol and anonym...

Page 381: ...o add hosts click the New button Figure 34 2 Add a Host Enter the following information Hostname or IP Address Subnet The IP address fully qualified hostname or a subnet of systems that should be allowed to connect to the PXE server for installations Operating System The operating system identifier to install on this client The list is populated from the network install instances created from the ...

Page 382: ... if available O os identifier Specifies the operating system identifier as defined in Section 34 2 PXE Boot Configuration r value Specifies the ram disk size host Specifies the IP address or hostname of the host to add For more information on command line options available for the pxeboot command refer to the pxeboot man page 34 4 TFTPD 34 4 1 Starting the tftp Server On the DHCP server verify tha...

Page 383: ...dentifier 0 9 PXEClient next server server ip filename linux install pxelinux 0 where the next server server ip should be replaced with the IP address of the tftp server 34 6 Adding a Custom Boot Message Optionally modify tftpboot linux install msgs boot msg to use a custom boot message 34 7 Performing the PXE Installation For instructions on how to configure the network interface card with PXE su...

Page 384: ...366 ...

Page 385: ...Part VII Appendix ...

Page 386: ......

Page 387: ...787 Update version number throughout doc BZ 564265 Note that var cannot be a separate partition on network storage BZ 577695 Document the passalgo option for the auth kickstart command BZ 578664 Document installation on multipath devices BZ 522856 Update Edit Interfaces screen BZ 560878 Revision 3 0 22 Wed Mar 31 2010 Rüdiger Landmann r landmann redhat com Document nostorage kickstart option BZ 52...

Page 388: ...r iscsi kickstart command BZ 525139 Revision 3 0 12 Thu Dec 17 2009 Rüdiger Landmann r landmann redhat com Document iscsi and iscsiname kickstart command BZ 525139 Revision 3 0 11 Wed Dec 16 2009 Rüdiger Landmann r landmann redhat com Note about improved swap performance per BZ 503878 Revision 3 0 10 Fri Dec 11 2009 Rüdiger Landmann r landmann redhat com Update swap recommendations per BZ 542865 R...

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