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ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL

THEORY OF OPERATION

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Summary of Contents for Elite Controller

Page 1: ...RanaSystems EliteSeries User Manual...

Page 2: ...able form without prior consent in writing from Rana Systems Copyright 1982 by RANA Systems 26620 South Leapwood Carson California 90746 213 538 2353 Kieth S Burgoyne Editor Elite One Elite Two Elite...

Page 3: ...tems discretion by replacement In the event of replacement the replacement unit will he war ranted for the remainder of the original ninety 90 day period or thirty 30 days whichever is longer There ar...

Page 4: ...ana Systems its distributor or its retailer assumes the entire cost of all necessary servicing repair or correction and any incidental or consequential damages In no event will Rana Systems be liable...

Page 5: ...and or service center Return shipping charges on out off warranty units may be included in the repair charges at the discretion off Rana Systems or our service centers All returns to Rana Systems or...

Page 6: ...e centers assume responsibility for any loss or damage incurred during transit to or from the factory or service center claims arising from such loss or damage should be filed immediately with the shi...

Page 7: ...LE S APPLLE II DOS 3 3 1 4 ENHANCING MICROSOFT APPLE CP M 2 2 1 4 1 Using Multiple Drives 5 4 2 Using a Single Drive 39 5 SECTION 5 1 6 SPECIFICATIONS 1 6 1 Introduction 1 6 2 Mechanical Dimensions 9...

Page 8: ...7 2 8 Data Buffer Internal Data Ru 12 7 2 9 Controller Command Structure 13 7 2 10 Power On Reset 17 7 2 11 Power Supply Deco 8 USER LEVEL MAINTAINENCE 1 8 1 Handling 3 8 2 Diskette Care and Handling...

Page 9: ...4 Fields 17 A 5 Gaps 19 A 5 1 Gap 1 20 A 5 2 Gap 2 20 A 5 3 Gap 3 23 A 6 Data Field Encoding 29 A 7 Sector Interleaving 41 B DOS TECHNICAL NOTES 1 B 1 Command Interpreter Alterations 2 B 2 File Manag...

Page 10: ...Controller Characteristics 8 6 8 Physical Dimensions off Elite Drives 10 6 9 Elite Controller Physical Dimensions 11 6 10 Controller to Drive Interface Signals 12 8 1 Write Protecting Diskettes 8 A 1...

Page 11: ...E SERIES USER MANUAL CONTENTS A 16 5 plus 3 Conversion Table 35 A 17 Data encoding 37 A 18 Data Decoding 38 A 19 6 plus 2 Encoding 39 A 20 6 plus 2 Conversion Table 40 A 21 Standard System Interleaves...

Page 12: ...nt 13 sector WS days the Elite Controller allows you to autoboot these diskettes without any awkward pre boot diskettes or controller card jumpers If you are an Elite Series drive user the high capaci...

Page 13: ...rchased We are proud off the Elite Series and we know you will be too Ta achieve the best results and the most enjoy ment from your new Elite Product we suggest you read this manual carefully We have...

Page 14: ...o were may or may not be one in the drive NOTE Before connecting or disconnecting ANY equipment TURN OFF ALL COMPUTER AND PERIPHERAL POWER 1 2 Connecting Drive Cables A flat ribbon cable is already co...

Page 15: ...sure to orient pin one correctly 1 3 Installing Your Controller Card To install your controller card into the Apple simply plug the card into any slot except zero in the back of the Apple II motherboa...

Page 16: ...e procedure outlined above would be used except the standard slot number for second controllers is slot five A third controller would normally go in slot four 6 Replace the lid remembering to slide th...

Page 17: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INSTALLATION Fig 1 1 Elite Cont roller Cable Connections Page 1 4 drive 1 connector drive 2 connector drive 3 connector drive 4 connector controller card...

Page 18: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INSTALLATION Fig 1 2 Disk Il Cont roller Cable Connections Page 1 5 drive 1 connector drive 2 connector controller card ribbon cable to disk drive...

Page 19: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL INSTALLATION This page intentional1y left blank Page 1 6...

Page 20: ...led later in this manual 2 1 Elite Drives Write Protect Switch Operating the Elite drives is identical to oper ating a Disk II drive except that the Elite drives have an extra write protect switch whi...

Page 21: ...track to track and the drive is not in a write protected state This flickering is completely normal and accurately reflects the write protect status on both the Elite One and Disk II during head move...

Page 22: ...number of diskette manufacturers which Rana Systems has found produce consistently high quality media For advice on diskette care and handling turn to the section later in this manual headed Mainte na...

Page 23: ...16 Sec 10 Sec Dbl Dens Dbl Dens Dbl Dens Sgl Sided Sgl Sided Sgl Sided Dysan Part Nbr 104 1D 107 1D 105 1D Ord Nbr 801787 801014 807188 Maxell Part Nbr MD1 M MH1 10M MD1 16M Maxell does not use indep...

Page 24: ...16 Sec 10 Sec Dbl Dens Dbl Dens Dbl Dens Sgl Sided Sgl Sided Sgl Sided Dysan Part Nbr 104 1D 107 1D 105 1D Ord Nbr 802060 802062 802061 Maxell Part Nbr MD1 DM MH1 10DM MD1 16DM Maxell does not use ind...

Page 25: ...Sec 16 Sec 10 Sec Dbl Dens Dbl Dens Dbl Dens Sgl Sided Sgl Sided Sgl Sided Dysan Part Nbr 204 1D 207 1D 205 1D Ord Nbr 802067 800455 802066 Maxell Part Nbr MD2 DM Maxell does not use independent order...

Page 26: ...nly apply to a master DOS diskette Non master diskettes slave diskettes are what are created when the DOS INIT command is used to initial ize a new diskette The copy of DOS which is placed on such a d...

Page 27: ...OS utilities and demonstration programs occupy ing the space the you can put to better use The following steps will guide you in creating your enhanced DOS master and demonstrate some of the functions...

Page 28: ...the way through before starting the procedure That way you will have a general understanding of what all is involved before diving in The first thing to do is to digup your DOS 3 3 master diskette wh...

Page 29: ...are your system drive slot six drive one should rattle a little and then sit there quietly spinning If you do not have the autostart feature then your Apple will simply display an asterisk and wait fo...

Page 30: ...mpt The first indicates you are in Applesoft BASIC and the second indicates you are in Integer BASIC Both are okay for these instructions When booting an original DOS diskette from Apple alot of other...

Page 31: ...you should consult the tables of recommended diskettes provided elsewhere in this manual If you are planning an making an Elite Three your system boot drive then you will also need two addi tional di...

Page 32: ...g the INIT out onto the diskette You should get rid of this pro gram by typing DELETE HELLO RETURN If you are using an Elite Three as your system drive you will need to repeat this process on a second...

Page 33: ...OS 3 3 MASTER CREATE UTILITY COPYRIGHT 1980 BY APPLE COMPUTER INC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NOW LOADING DOS IMAGE After MASTER CREATE has loaded a copy of the master DOS into memory from the diskette it wil...

Page 34: ...L BE PLACED WITHIN THE IMAGE HELLO PLACE THE DISKETTE TO BE MASTERED IN THE DISK DRIVE PRESS RETURN WHEN READY NOTE IF YOU WANT A DIFFERENT FILE NAME PRESS ESC Since you won t care about having the he...

Page 35: ...ASTER If your system drive is an Elite Three put the other INITialized diskette in the drive and type Elite Three only RETURN MASTER CREATE will then ask you to enter the greeting program s name again...

Page 36: ...all drives ESC and you will get INSERT A SYSTEM DISKETTE AND PRESS RETURN TO REBOoT DOS So of course type RETURN and your new DOS master will be magically booted for you Now for a little enhancing Re...

Page 37: ...TURN WHEN READY TO READ DOS IMAGE INTO MEMORY PRESS ESC TO TERMINATE THIS UTILITY You may have more up to date version numbers Remove the Enhancer diskette and insert your newly created DOS master Typ...

Page 38: ...display ENHANCEMENTS COMPLETE REBOOT THE SYSTEM TO LOAD THE ENHANCED DOS 3 3 This message will be followed by the BASIC prompt The disk which you just enhanced should be la belled configured enhanced...

Page 39: ...head and press Elite Three Only RETURN When done ENHANCE will again return you to the BASIC prompt This second enhanced diskette should he labelled unconfigured enhanced system master Elite Three only...

Page 40: ...n enhanced system master which has the full storage of the drive you are using as your system drive slot six drive one If all you have are Disk II drives you should continue following this procedure i...

Page 41: ...DESIRED Go ahead and type RETURN PROFILE will then read the DOS image off of configured master and display a table con taining each of the 28 different positions at which drives can be placed on the...

Page 42: ...nu will be displayed ENTER SELECTION 0 3 1 LOAD NEW DOS IMAGE FROM DISK 2 CHANGE CURRENT DOS IMAGE SETTING 3 SAVE CURRENT DOS IMAGE TO DISK 0 TERMINATE PROFILE For now you ll just need to change the s...

Page 43: ...A ELITE TWO 80 TRACKS 3 RANA ELITE THREE 160 TRACKS PROFILE pre loads your answer with the current setting for the drive O DISK II If you just hit RETURN don t PROFILE will not change the setting But...

Page 44: ...ous menu The default will be the maximum possible seek speed for the drive model specified Now is not a good time to fiddle with seek speeds you ll just complicate matters so just type RETURN to use t...

Page 45: ...en to a diskette To do this type with out RETURN 3 and PROFILE will respond with ENTER SLOT NUMBER 1 7 Since configured master should still be in your system drive type without RETURN 6 and PROFILE wi...

Page 46: ...finished with PROFILE for the time being type without RETURN 0 and PROFILE will terminate after saying THIS UTILITY DOES NOT APPLY YOUR CHANGES TO THE CURRENTLY OPERATING DOS IMAGE SO YOU WILL NEED T...

Page 47: ...ng at its full capacity The next step is to create a diskette which is correctly formatted Remove configured master and insert the En hancer diskette Type BRUN FORMAT RETURN FORMAT will respond with F...

Page 48: ...d for formatting Just like PROFILE FORMAT has pre loaded the message with the default response Since the default is correct type RETURN And FORMAT will ask DRIVE NUMBER 1 4 2 This time FORMAT got the...

Page 49: ...OS has not been updated it told FORMAT that the drive you specified was set as a Disk II Therefore FORMAT will default to a Disk II format You ll need to override this by typing whichever menu item nu...

Page 50: ...like HI FILE allows a full 30 character file name allowed under DOS to he typed all on one line The hi file is the hello or greeting program s name For now just type RETURN to use the default HELLO Th...

Page 51: ...o remove configured master from the drive and insert your second or third blank diskette mentioned earlier Remember this diskette will be completely erased When it s in type RETURN and then FORMAT wil...

Page 52: ...need to do You need to transfer all the utility pro grams supplied on the Enhancer diskette onto your full capacity enhanced system master If your system boot drive is an Elite Three then there is a...

Page 53: ...BRUN CLONE RETURN Once CLONE is loaded it will sign on with CLONE RANA SYSTEMS 16 SECTOR DOS 3 3 5 INCH DISKETTE COPY UTILITY COPYRIGHT C P 1982 RANA SYSTEMS CLONE VERSION 2 1 CLONE will then ask CLON...

Page 54: ...0 0 Again simply press Elite Three only RETURN That ends all the source drive diskette ques tions Now for the destination ones DESTINATION SLOT NUMBER 1 7 6 The default is okay so press Elite Three o...

Page 55: ...ONE will then be ready to start the copy process and it will tell you when it needs you to insert the source diskette or the destination diskette The source diskette is your DOS 3 3 System Master from...

Page 56: ...ve not used so far Swap these diskettes back and forth as CLONE requests them pressing RETURN when you have made the exchange When CLONE is finished it will again return to DO ANOTHER COPY Y N Since...

Page 57: ...ou are not using an Elite Three as your system drive or the CLONE you made of the DOS 3 3 Master Diskette if you are using an Elite Three as your system drive Type all system drive types BRUN FID RETU...

Page 58: ...ct type RETURN FID will then being asking for the source and destination diskettes just like CLONE did The source diskette is your DOS 3 3 System Master or the CLONE of it if you are using an Elite Th...

Page 59: ...you a chance to press ESC if you typed the name wrong or RETURN to proceed with the copy Given that you entered the name correctly press RETURN FID will wait for you to insert the source diskette Thi...

Page 60: ...d Make sure your full capacity system master is in the drive then type BRUN FID ENHANCE RETURN FID ENHANCE will go ahead and modify FID without any response from you When finished the new modified FID...

Page 61: ...ams supplied by Apple and the Enhancer utilities onto your full ca pacity system master To do this type BRUN FIDR RETURN FIDR works exactly the same way FID does as described in Apple s The COS Manual...

Page 62: ...before it is copied In response to the question type Y RETURN to indicate you do want prompting FIDR will then give you a chance to type ESC if you entered something wrong or RETURN to proceed with th...

Page 63: ...s to only the following files HELLO APPLESOFT BOOT 13 CHAIN FPBASIC INTBASIC MAKE TEXT RENUMBER RENUMBER INSTRUCTIONS The remainder are demonstration files which need not be copied and which will take...

Page 64: ...tell you it is finished To tell FIDR to return to the main menu press RETURN Once back to the main menu type 1 RETURN to begin copying the files from the Enhancer diskette FIDR will not ask for the d...

Page 65: ...okay press RETURN FIDR will then he gin asking for the source and destination diskettes The source diskette is the Enhancer or CLONE of it if using the Elite Three and the destination is the full capa...

Page 66: ...is point your full capacity system mas ter is complete as far as your system drive is concerned You will still need to refer to the instructions concerning the PROFILE utility later in this manual in...

Page 67: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL DOS ENHANCEMENTS This page intentionally left blank Page 3 42...

Page 68: ...pple the enhanced CP M will automatically recognize which control lers are Rana and which are Disk If and only try to access the correct number of drives for the particular controller type Changes in...

Page 69: ...the highest slot number first starting with slot six There must he a controller card in slot six and any additional controller cards must he in slot five etc Although CP M as an operating system reco...

Page 70: ...no more disk control lers in the Apple Although the enhanced CP M will use the drives on any disk controller in any slot except slot zero you should stick with the CP M slot as signment convention gi...

Page 71: ...na enhancement utili ties The additional features of these utili ties and a detailed discussion of their opera tion is contained in a later section of this manual The instructions for enhancing CP M h...

Page 72: ...iven their own section following these multi drive instructions These instructions have been written in a step by step manner with some explanation of what is being done at each step AU of these instr...

Page 73: ...gure your sys tem in a different configuration than what will be your final configuration A temporary prob lem arises if you do not have a second Elite Two or Three to match the one you will be using...

Page 74: ...Two Elite Three Disk Disk Elite Three Elite Three Elite One Elite One Elite Three Elite Three Elite Two Elite Two Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three Elite Three Any additional drives you...

Page 75: ...indicate that the CTRL key should be held down while the P key is pressed The 6 CTRL P RETURN command assumes that your disk controller card Elite or Disk 1 is located in slot number six If it isn t i...

Page 76: ...pond by displaying the CP M sign on message including Microsoft s copy right notice This indicates that you have just successfully booted CP M congratulations Part of the sign on message will indicate...

Page 77: ...er until you ve created an enhanced CP M To get FORMAT running simply type FORMAT RETURN Tough right After CP M loads the utility into memory FORMAT will sign on by saying something like Apple CP M 16...

Page 78: ...out to do a standard Apple Disk format which means doing some writing on an Elite Three which is only sup posed to be read compatible This is true However since this procedure will not expect a non El...

Page 79: ...s done all you require of it simply type RETURN FORMAT will then respond with Insert CP M System disk in drive A Press RETURN This smart little utility remembered you had taken the CP M master diskett...

Page 80: ...RETURN After COPY is loaded into memory it will sign on by saying APPLE CP M 16 Sector Disk Copy Utility C 1980 Microsoft The asterisk prompt indicates COPY is ready to go Remove the Apple CP M master...

Page 81: ...to read a little from drive B and then write it to drive A re peating this process until the entire diskette is copied Once COPY has finished it will display COPY Complete DD you wish to make another...

Page 82: ...t CP M System disk into drive A Hit RETURN Since the diskette in drive A the one which was the blank disk now contains an exact copy of the CP M master go ahead and type Once CP M responds with its A...

Page 83: ...s RETURN CPM56 will write out the 56K CP M system image onto the diskette and then display Disk has been updated to 56K Hit RETURN T to re boot system You will want to work with this 56K system so typ...

Page 84: ...ity loaded the utility will display ENHANCE RANA Systems Enhancer for Microsoft s Apple II 56K CP M BIOS Copyright C P 1982 RANA Systems Version 1 7 BIOS Image Primary Copyright 1981 Microsoft Portion...

Page 85: ...with the enhanced CP M right away press RETURN and ENHANCE will re boot the enhanced CP M sys tern The first enhancement you will notice on the enhanced CP M is the additional Rana Systems copyright...

Page 86: ...two CP M commands After each command CP M will simply respond with A ERA FORMAT COM RETURN ERA COPY COM RETURN These two commands ERAsed the old FORMAT and COPY utilities Now to copy the new utilitie...

Page 87: ...he drive you will be using as drive A If you will be using a Disk as drive A then you can simply read through all the steps up to the rebooting of the system Continue following the instructions right...

Page 88: ...whatever type of format would be suitable for the drive you currently have as drive B 0 Apple Disk 35 tracks 1 RANA Elite One 40 tracks 2 RANA Elite Two 80 tracks 3 RANA Elite Three 160 tracks Once y...

Page 89: ...new CP M may not boot Once you ve specified the formatting informa tion type RETURN FORMAT will respond with Insert disk to be formatted in drive B Press RETURN to begin Insert that second blank diske...

Page 90: ...B s type This is accomplished using the PROFILE utility Just like the other utilities get it started by typing PROFILE RETURN its sign on is APPLE CP M Drive Configuration Utility Copyright C P 1982 R...

Page 91: ...ber press RETURN and PROFILE will respond with Was B Apple Disk Slow seek and Now B RANA Elite One Medium seek or Now B RANA Elite Two Fast seek or Now B RANA Elite Three Fast seek followed by Ready t...

Page 92: ...s the CP M system it will return to the asterisk prompt To get out of PROFILE type without RE TURN CTRL C CP M will respond with A Unlike Apple DOS s INIT command CP M s FORMAT does not place a copy o...

Page 93: ...nd This time however the command will he slightly different Type B A S RETURN Just like with the first time you used Micro soft s COPY this command tells COPY to copy information from drive A to drive...

Page 94: ...iskette in drive B in the proper format so that the diskette will later boot correctly using that drive or another drive of the same type When COPY is finished it will display COPY Complete Do you wis...

Page 95: ...stem which is on the diskette for that drive still thinks that drive A is a Disk This is because the system you copied the one on the enhanced mas ter diskette was still treating drive A as a Disk H I...

Page 96: ...e en hanced CP M system sitting on the diskette in drive B and tell you which drive letter A through P is set to which drive type PROFILE will first ask for the diskette to be inserted into drive B by...

Page 97: ...nced CP M is treating all your drives like Disk s We ll fix that little problem in a bit The reason why I through P do not show a drive type is because the Apple II CP M does not support those drives...

Page 98: ...B and the change you wish to make is to drive A A However you ve yet to specify the change to be made Remember that drive type number you used back in FORMAT and PROFILE It s time to type that again E...

Page 99: ...ert a system disk in B RETURN to continue retry ESC or CTRL C to abort Given that you entered the command correctly of course you didl press RETURN and PROFILE should mutter something like Was A Apple...

Page 100: ...rives into your final configuration When you have everything set reboot the system just like you did at the beginning of this whole process using the diskette which is currently in drive B Once you ha...

Page 101: ...type and the files must he written to the diskette ac cording to the diskette s type COPY will not rearrange files into different arrangements according to the diskette s type When PIP is finished it...

Page 102: ...e that there is no need to respecify drive A since it is already defined correctly The drive type numbers come from that same table in which you found the number for FORMAT and PROFILE earlier The A i...

Page 103: ...itable to you press RETURN and PROFILE will update the system image on the diskette If a change was not to your liking press ESC and PROFILE will not make any changes In either case PROFILE will retur...

Page 104: ...rily interest you Also a quick explanation the 32 sectors track is correct When Apple talks about 16 sectors track they are refering to a sector which contains 256 bytes When CP M refers to a sector i...

Page 105: ...tand the information which the other two systems place within the sectors Remember when it comes to the new Rana version of the FORMAT and COPY utilities the instruc tions in this manual are intended...

Page 106: ...ctions in the pre ceeding section These instructions have been written in a step by step manner with some explanation of what is being done at each step All of these instruc tions have been tested at...

Page 107: ...spinning waiting for a diskette If you have an old Apple you may not have the Auto start feature so you will need to tell your Apple to start up the drive A Non Autostart Apple will beep then display...

Page 108: ...Table of Contents for the section which can When all goes well your drive s busy light will be on and it will be quietly spinning waiting for a diskette Simply oblige it by inserting your CP M master...

Page 109: ...skette and in sert the Rana Enhancer Diskette and again type DIR RETURN Once again CP M will indulge you by displaying those files which Rana so nicely supplied you What a pair of nice companies right...

Page 110: ...ond one later If you want to format a used disk remember that all the files as well as the system tracks will be erased Format will normally detect an already formatted 16 sector disk and ask you to v...

Page 111: ...iskette Then type A RETURN FORMAT will respond with Insert disk to be formatted in drive A Press RETURN to begin You should then oblige it by typing RETURN FORMAT will respond with Formatting Your dri...

Page 112: ...skette and re insert the CP M master diskette When you have it in type RETURN The CP M system prompt A should then ap pear The CP M Operating System and all the utility programs on the Apple CP M mast...

Page 113: ...then read as much of the CP M master diskette as it can into memory Then it will say Insert SLAVE disk and press RETURN You should then insert the newly formatted disk ette and tell COPY to continue b...

Page 114: ...ewly formatted diskette still in the drive will now contain all the utilities and the operating system from the Apple CP M master The CP M operating system on this disk is the one which you will event...

Page 115: ...and seeing the directory of programs on the new CP M master disk The CPM56 utility from Microsoft must now be run to create a 56K operating system on your new master diskette To get CPM56 to upgrade...

Page 116: ...so type RETURN Your drive will rattle again and then CP M will sign back on with the Microsoft copyright message But this time the message will say 56K where it said 44K last time you booted the syst...

Page 117: ...2 distribution diskette into drive A Please do NOT insert your original diskette from Microsoft Press RETURN when diskette inserted and ready to be enhanced Press any other key to terminate this progr...

Page 118: ...is is an easy way to make sure you have booted an enhanced CP M In order to complete the enhanced CP M master diskette you will need to move the enhanced utilities onto the master diskette from the En...

Page 119: ...ed to make room for the SGLDRIVE utility on the al ready packed Disk capacity CP M master disk ette Now to copy the new utilities onto the enhanced CP M master insert the Enhancements diskette into th...

Page 120: ...system can he used for other purposes Once this resident portion of SGLDRIVE is loaded CP M as an operating system will begin recognizing two different drives A and B even though you only have the one...

Page 121: ...ed the diskettes press and CP M will be allowed to continue If you are already starting to envision grand and glorious things for SGLDRIVE to do for you it is suggested that you check the section late...

Page 122: ...L K and the character is produced by typing SHIFT N The Apple keyboard is not marked with at least one of these characters If you are using a special keyboard modification or 80 column board you will...

Page 123: ...y diskettes To get the new FORMAT started type FORMAT RETURN Once CP M loads it in FORMAT will respond with APPLE CP M 16 Sector Disk Formatter Primary Copyright 1980 Microsoft Portions Copyright 1982...

Page 124: ...ould type A 3 You should be careful to specify the correct drive type for your drive FORMAT cannot always catch that the drive was unable to handle the type of format you requested The disk will appea...

Page 125: ...display FORMAT Complete Format disk in which drive To end the FORMAT utility press RETURN without specifying any drive information Once again FORMAT will remember that you had to re move the enhanced...

Page 126: ...ished using the PROFILE utility Just like the other utilities get it started by typing PROFILE RETURN its sign on is APPLE CP M Drive Configuration Utility Copyright C P 1982 RANA Systems Version 1 1...

Page 127: ...w B RANA Elite Three Fast seek followed by Ready to update in memory system RETURN to continue retry ESC or CTRL C to abort Since you no doubt entered the command cor rectly and received the response...

Page 128: ...VE asks you to mount the diskette for drive B you must put in the diskette which was formatted for the higher capacity When SGLDRIVE requests the diskette for drive A you must put in the enhanced CP M...

Page 129: ...without RETURN CTRL C to get out of PROFILE CP M will respond with A Unlike Apple DOS s INIT command CP M s FORMAT does not place a copy of the operating system in this case CP M onto the newly format...

Page 130: ...TURN This command tells COPY to copy the CP M system which is on the diskette in drive A to the diskette in drive B without altering any other information on the diskette in drive B Of course there is...

Page 131: ...lly redundant so just press RETURN SGLDRIVE will then request Mount A Press ESC Change the diskette in the drive back to the enhanced CP M master and press SGLDRIVE will then allow COPY to proceed wit...

Page 132: ...e A was used as one of the drives during the copy COPY will remind you to re insert the CP M master diskette back into drive A by saying Insert CP M System disk into drive A Hit RETURN Go ahead and re...

Page 133: ...y but the CP M system which is on the diskette for that drive still thinks that your drive is a Disk This is because the system you copied the one on the enhanced mas ter diskette was still treating d...

Page 134: ...back in FORMAT and PROFILE It s time to type that again Example If your drive is an Elite Two in which case phoney drive B would be defined as an Elite Two right now you would want to type B A 2 If y...

Page 135: ...will come back with Mount B Press ESC SGLDRIVE is just doing it s job even though the higher capacity diskette is already in the drive Just hit ESC and PROFILE will read the configuration informa tion...

Page 136: ...TURN to continue retry ESC or CTRL C to abort The Now message you get will match the drive type you specified To update the CP M system on your higher capacity diskette insert the higher capacity disk...

Page 137: ...s little Mount A Press ESC The enhanced CP M master is already inserted so just type ESC CP M will then respond with its MA prompt To complete your higher capacity system diskette you ll need to copy...

Page 138: ...according to the diskette s type COPY will not rearrange files into different arrangements according to the diskette s type PIP will require alot of diskette changes which SGLDRIVE will catch and requ...

Page 139: ...er would be impossible Don t fear though Once this higher capacity system master is created COPY can be used to duplicate it alot faster and with alot fewer diskette changes When PIP is finished it wi...

Page 140: ...ng to a sector which contains 256 bytes When CP M refers to a sector it is refering to a sector of 128 bytes Microsoft and thus Rana handles this small difference in interpretation of a sector by pack...

Page 141: ...NHANCEMENTS Remember when it comes to the new Rana version of the FORMAT and COPY utilities the instruc tions in this manual are intended to replace those instructions given in the very informative Mi...

Page 142: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SECTION 5 5 SECTION 5 This section has been intentionally omitted Page 5 1...

Page 143: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SECTION 5 This page intentionally left blank Page 5 2...

Page 144: ...or the entire Elite Series of products Most off the information is of a highly technical nature so it may or may not he of interest to you At this stage the general user should know that familiarity w...

Page 145: ...ity 48 TPI Rotational Speed 295 RPM Recording Frequency 250 KHZ Recording Density Inside Track Maximums 5536 FCI 4429 BPI Weight 5 lbs 4 oz Reliability MTBF 9200 Hours M72TR 5 Hours Design Life 5 Year...

Page 146: ...115F Non operating Temp 40F 160F Operating Humidity 20 80 nancond Nonoperating Humidity 5 95 noncond Max Wet Bulb 85F Fig 6 2 Elite One Characteristics cont Specifications are approximations based on...

Page 147: ...ty 48 TPI Rotational Speed 295 RPM Recording Frequency 250 KHZ Recording Density Inside Track Maximums 5876 FCI 4700 BPI Weight 5 lbs 4 oz Reliability MTBF 9200 Hours MTTR 5 Hours Design Life 5 Years...

Page 148: ...115F Nonoperating Temp 40F 160F Operating Humidity 2O 8O noncond Nonoperating Humidity 5 95 non cond Max Wet Bulb 85F Fig 6 4 Elite Two Characteristics cont Specifications are approximations based on...

Page 149: ...ty 96 TPI Rotational Speed 295 RPM Recording Frequency 250 KHZ Recording Density Inside Track Maximums 5922 FCI 4737 BPI Weight 5 lbs 4 oz Reliability MTBF 9200 Hours MTTR 5 Hours Design Life 5 Years...

Page 150: ...15F Nonoperating Temp 40F 160F Operating Humidity 2O 8O noncond Nonoperating Humidity 5 95 noncond Max Wet Bulb 85F Fig 6 6 Elite Three Characteristics cont Specifications are approximations based on...

Page 151: ...II Compatible Power Req excluding drives 5 VDC Standby 140mA 5 VDC Active 340mA Operating Temp 40F 115F Non operating Temp 40F 160F Operating Humidity 20 80 noncond Non operating Humidity 5 95 noncond...

Page 152: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS 6 2 Mechanical Dimensions The following two figures give the physical dimensions of the Elite Series drives and the Elite Controller Page 6 9...

Page 153: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS Fig 6 8 Physical Dimensions of Elite Drives Page 6 10...

Page 154: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS Fig 6 9 Elite Controller Physical Dimensions Page 6 11...

Page 155: ...tlr 3 Ground 4 Stepper Motor Phase B ctlr 5 Ground 6 Stepper Motor Phase C ctlr 7 Ground 8 Stepper Motor Phase D ctlr 9 Not Connected 10 Activate Writing ctlr 11 5v 12 5v 13 12V 14 Select Drive ctlr 1...

Page 156: ...ine Refer to the preceding figure for all interface connections Timing diagrams for the signals are provided in the Elite Series Service Manual 6 4 Signal Interface The signal interface consists of tw...

Page 157: ...he controller are wire 0Red together on the controller card inside the Apple making multiplexing of signals necessary The drive select signal is the only signal which is not shared between all drives...

Page 158: ...when the software goes to select a drive on a different controller card so that only one drive is power ed up at any one time an Apple II power supply consideration The same consideration is necessar...

Page 159: ...e read write head each of the four phases of the stepper motor A D must be turned on then off again in a certain se quence Each phase is activated deactivated in direct response to the stepper motor p...

Page 160: ...d this interface line will be a logical low When a section of the media with an opposite polarity is passing under the selected read write head this line will be a logical high The control ler cards a...

Page 161: ...e signal is provided by the drive to give the Apple an indication when the in stalled diskette is write protected The signal is a logical low level when it is protected The drive will inhibit writing...

Page 162: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS card The two DC voltages their specifica tions and their interface pin designators are given in various tables earlier in this section Page 6 19...

Page 163: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SPECIFICATIONS This page intentionally left blank Page 6 20...

Page 164: ...d write control and drive motor electronics drive mechanism read write head and an advanced track positioning mechanism These components perform the following functions 1 Interpret and generate contro...

Page 165: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL THEORY OF OPERATION This page intentionally left blank Page 7 2...

Page 166: ...e b Panel switch 5 Drive select circuits 6 Drive motor control circuits 7 Head selection detection and latch circuits Elite Two and Three 7 1 3 Drive Mechanism The drive motor operates on 12VDC and ro...

Page 167: ...ls are organized in four phases A B C and D As each phase is activated in turn the motor rotates to align with that coil forcing the carriage to move one halftrack full track for Elite Three posi tion...

Page 168: ...forces the nut to move taking the read write head carriage along with it 7 1 5 Read Write Head The Elite Series read write heads are single element glass bonded ferrite ceramic heads with tunnel eras...

Page 169: ...opposite the read write head This pad insures constant contact of the diskette against the head The pad swings up and back when the door is opened to permit insertion removal of the diskette Although...

Page 170: ...bank drives 3 and 4 is selected An EPROM containing the Rana boot code is located on the controller card The Rana boot accommodates both the standard Apple 13 and 16 sector formats The controller card...

Page 171: ...oaded prior to transferring control to the second stage Any additional sectors will be loaded in successive memory pages 900 AOO etc The standard DOS 3 3 second stage boot does not require any additio...

Page 172: ...r sectors NOTE The Rana boot code adheres to all the above standard Apple DOS booting protocols and to several extensions to this protocol in order to support existing software packages 7 2 3 Hardware...

Page 173: ...ent PROM Address Ranges This slot dependent portion of the EPROM is always there The mapped in section at C800 CFFF is only there after an access to the slot dependent area However before accessing th...

Page 174: ...on is performed by U15 74LS30 A synchronous ap proach was taken to selection design because of noise spikes on many of the bus interface lines 7 2 5 State Machine This consists of a program counter la...

Page 175: ...e the write if its own EPROM is mapped in This is to avoid recognition of the pair select command for a second controller card installed in the same computer The select information is contained in add...

Page 176: ...ite Controller Card responds to three types of commands The first type is the device command characterized by bringing the DEV line low as shown in the following table See the Apple II Reference Manua...

Page 177: ...0 C0n1 B C0n2 C0n3 C C0n4 C0n5 D C0n6 C0n7 Drive Motor Enable C0n8 C0n9 Drive 1 2 Selec C0nA C0nB Function Select Bit 0 C0nC C0nD Function Select Bit 1 C0nE C0nF where n is a number from 9 to F slot 8...

Page 178: ...RY OF OPERATION Function hits 0 and 1 determine the mode off the controller Controller Mode Bit 1 Bit 0 Read From Disk 0 0 Sense Write Protect 0 1 Write To Disk 1 0 Load Data Byte Write 1 1 Fig 7 5 Co...

Page 179: ...ected Address to Write Drives Selected data ignored 1 and 2 C800 3 and 4 C801 Writes to other addresses between C800 and CFF7 are also possible but may not be supported in later card revisions Fig 7 6...

Page 180: ...timer circuit that pulls the reset line down in a wire or fashion After approxi mately 0 2 seconds the reset line is released This circuit does not interfere with the normal operation of the reset li...

Page 181: ...ted in the figure below The addresses are slot dependent and the offsets are computed by multiplying the slot number by 16 This works well in hexadecimal where n0 with n as the slot number can be adde...

Page 182: ...C085 PHS3OF Stepper Phase 3 Off C086 PHS3ON Stepper Phase 3 On C086 PHS4OF Stepper Phase 4 Off C087 PHS4ON Stepper Phase 4 On C088 MTROFF Turn Motor Off C089 MTRON Turn Motor On C08A DRVOEN Engage Dri...

Page 183: ...ming between accesses to these locations is critical and the SEEK command in RWTS should be used to move the arm The following example assumes the drive is al ready selected motor on not in write mode...

Page 184: ...DA DSTTRK ASL A STA TEMP1 LDA SRCTRK ASL A LOOP CMP TEMP 1 BEQ DONE BCS MOVOUT ADC 1 BCC MOVE MOVOUT SBC 1 MOVE PHA AND 03 ASL STA TEMP2 TXA ORA TEMP2 TAY LDA C080 Y JSR DELAY PLA TAY LDA C080 Y JSR D...

Page 185: ...be provided to allow the motor to come up to speed DOS will keep this delay to a minimum by watching the read latch until data starts to change Motor on timing characteristics for the Elite Series dri...

Page 186: ...other boards LDA ZPAGE Y Map in Elite Controller LDY BANK Select Bank 0 1 STA C800 Y LDA CFFF Map out Elite Controller Read a Byte READ LDA CO8C X BPL READ NOTE CO8E X must already have been accessed...

Page 187: ...08E X Sense write protect BMI ERROR PROTECTED High bit set protected Write Load Write a Byte LDA DATA STA C08D X Write Load ORA C08C X Write byte NOTE C08F X must already have been accessed to insure...

Page 188: ...g is critical different routines may be necessary depending upon how the data is to be accessed and code cannot cross memory page boundaries without an adjustment See the fol lowing sample write progr...

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Page 190: ...ecome dirty from a year s worth of diskettes gliding past its surface The common user remedy for this dirt build up is to use one of the many head cleaning diskettes available on the market today Howe...

Page 191: ...ed by a cleaning diskette Also make absolutely sure that none of the supplied cleaning solution is on the covering for the upper diskette surface Elite One and Disk II Should the covering become damp...

Page 192: ...ts They are perhaps even more delicate than the computer and must be treated gently Avoid rough handling such as dropping the drives or letting things drop onto them Disk drives in general should not...

Page 193: ...lready the cover If you are replacing an ID label write it out first then attach it to the diskette jacket Heavy pressure can mark the surface of a diskette causing malfunction 4 Diskettes work best a...

Page 194: ...any users are concerned about whether or not their diskettes should have reinforced centers strengthening rings around the inner diskette hole This reinforcement ring has no effect at all on the disk...

Page 195: ...ate a write protect feature so your system cannot accidentally write over or destroy valuable information contained on your diskette when the write protect feature is activated A write protect notch i...

Page 196: ...e by pressing the special PROTECT switch on the front panel of the drive Note if you are familiar with using eight inch diskettes and five inch diskettes are new to you then the five inch approach to...

Page 197: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL MAINTENANCE UNPROTECTED WRITE PROTECTED Fig 8 1 Write Protecting Diskettes Page 8 8 WRITE PROTECT NOTCH WRITE PROTECT TAB...

Page 198: ...replacement for the DOS COPY and COPYA utilities supplied on original DOS distribution diskettes from Apple FORMAT is used for initializing new diskettes for use under DOS It can also be used to rein...

Page 199: ...exibility to redefine the arrangement of the drives on your system to suit your needs Since the enhanced DOS needs to know what type of drive you have where PROFILE is used to tell DOS of any rearrang...

Page 200: ...anced DOS diskette containing FORMAT and type BRUN FORMAT RETURN This will work under both Integer BASIC and Applesoft BASIC Once DOS has loaded FORMAT the utility will sign on with FORMAT RANA SYSTEM...

Page 201: ...have the option of pressing ESC in response to this prompt which will cause FORMAT to terminate Of course this would only make sense if you didn t really want to run FORMAT in the first place After y...

Page 202: ...ust always be pressed after your answer to let FORMAT know you have finished typing On the multi character response if you type ESC anytime during your response FORMAT will back up to the previous que...

Page 203: ...ur system diskette is the one from which FORMAT was run and there fore the obvious default would be the other drive If the drive number displayed is correct simply type RETURN If you wish to use a dif...

Page 204: ...Yes Disk II Elite Two Yes Disk II Elite Three Special Elite One Disk II No Elite One Elite One Yes Elite One Elite Two Yes Elite One Elite Three Special Elite Two Disk II No Elite Two Elite One No El...

Page 205: ...type diskette Once again this means that with the exception of the Elite Three lower capacity diskettes can be used in higher capacity drives Although this is true regardless of the way the drive is d...

Page 206: ...llo file name However it asks it in a slightly funny way HI FILE HELLO Asking for the hi file is not FORMAT s way of being cute instead in permits a full 30 character file name permitted under DOS to...

Page 207: ...binary and text files Refer to your DOS manual and also the FID ENHANCE utility later in this section Once you ve specified the HELLO file name FORMAT allows you specify a little something extra whic...

Page 208: ...oceed with the formatting and is giving you one last chance to bail out If you press RETURN FORMAT will proceed with the diskette format If you press ESC FORMAT will return to the invoke how prompt On...

Page 209: ...the initialize anyways question FORMAT will ask DO ANOTHER DISKETTE Y N Once again you can respone Y or N If you specify N FORMAT will return you to BASIC If you specify Y FORMAT will return to the po...

Page 210: ...This will work under both Integer BASIC and Applesoft BASIC Once CLONE has been loaded into memory by DOS the utility will sign on by saying CLONE RANA SYSTEMS 16 SECTOR DOS 3 3 5 INCH DISKETTE COPY...

Page 211: ...LONE will then ask SOURCE SLOT NUMBER 1 7 ss where ss is the slot number from which you ran CLONE A special feature of CLONE is that it allows you to back up to previously answered questions so that y...

Page 212: ...pe which you have specified using PROFILE for the source drive you selected as follows 0 Disk II 1 Elite One 2 Elite Two 3 Elite Three Although CLONE determines the default answer to this question by...

Page 213: ...relates whether or not each diskette type can be copied from to each of the various drive types DISKETTE DRIVE SOURCE Disk II Disk II Yes Disk II Elite One Yes Disk II Elite Two Yes Disk II Elite Thre...

Page 214: ...ot be compatible with its as sociated drive type unless the diskette and drive type is Elite Three Once again this comes from the fact that the Elite Three is not write compatible with non Elite Three...

Page 215: ...dd will be used if you just press RETURN If dd is not correct press the correct number The last question is DISKETTE TYPE 0 3 dt where dt is the drive type you have defined in the booted WS for the d...

Page 216: ...you to transfer individual files between two diskettes using only a single drive however FIDR assumes that both the source and destination diskette will be of the same type as defined using PROFILE i...

Page 217: ...ETURN if you specified different source and dest ination drives or PLEASE INSERT THE SOURCE DISKETTE AND PRESS RETURN TO CONTINUE if you specified the same drive for both source and destination This i...

Page 218: ...e diskette and insert the destination diskette Once you ve changed the diskette press RETURN and CLONE will continue with the copy When CLONE has written out all the information it has in memory it wi...

Page 219: ...ified The way in which DOS is structured for booting off of an Elite One is identical to the way it is structured for the Disk II but changes are made when dealing with full capacity diskettes for the...

Page 220: ...e containing the DOS to he changed be defined in the currently hooted DOS to match the way the DOS is structured on the diskette CLONE will allow you under certain conditions to copy a DOS image onto...

Page 221: ...no effect on the Elite Controller card since the enhanced DOS functions with it completely automatically Enhanced DOS does not need to be told to use all four drives on the Elite Controller and to onl...

Page 222: ...e way the drive is defined This means that an Elite One system diskette cannot be read by a drive defined under the currently in use DOS as an Elite Two Keeping this in mind you would answer PROFILE b...

Page 223: ...and PROFILE will return you to BASIC Otherwise insert an enhanced DOS master diskette which is compatible with the way the drive is defined and then press RETURN PROFILE will read in the copy of the...

Page 224: ...R SELECTION 0 3 1 LOAD NEW DOS IMAGE FROM DISK 2 CHANGE CURRENT DOS IMAGE SETTING 3 SAVE CURRENT DOS IMAGE 2V DISK 0 TERMINATE PROFILE You can choose an item by pressing its menu number without pressi...

Page 225: ...definition setting you wish to change in the copy of DOS you already have read into memory For item 3 save DOS image PROFiLE will be asking for the drive to which you wish to save the DOS image and an...

Page 226: ...ge the definition for the drive simply type the new definition menu item number without any RETURN ESC can also be typed to return to the drive number question After you have answered the drive type q...

Page 227: ...RETURN WREN READY TO WRITE DOS IMAGE FROM MEMORY PRESS ESC IF SAVE NO LONGER DESIRED s and d are the slot and drive numbers you specified At this paint you can type ESC and PROFILE will return to the...

Page 228: ...ancements outlined earlier in this manual ENHANCE is no longer needed The FORMAT and CLONE utilities are used to make new enhanced DOS system master diskettes It is not necessary the use ENHANCE to ke...

Page 229: ...ny modification In fact FID will even function correctly with the Elite Two drive except it will refuse to copy files to all of the Elite two diskette Unmodified FID should never be used on a Elite Th...

Page 230: ...begin the modifications FID ENHANCE does not ask you anything The first things it does is issue a BLOAD FID command to DOS in order to load FID into memory FID must be on the diskette or DOS will info...

Page 231: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL ENHANCED DOS UTIL This page intentionally left blank Page 9 34...

Page 232: ...ion diskette FORMAT is used for initializing new diskettes for use under CP M It can also be used to reformat old diskettes completely erasing any old data on the diskette The enhanced version of FORM...

Page 233: ...l utility primarily intended to help those users who have only a single disk drive Several of the CP M utilities PIP in particular were not written for use on single drive systems SGLDRIVE can be used...

Page 234: ...mand sentence or completely left out Angle brackets are used to surround lower case letters or words which are meant to describe only one item The letters or words enclosed infer the type of thing tha...

Page 235: ...used to indicate that you may repeat the entry as many times as you need or desire CAPS Capital letters are used for those portions of the command which you must type exactly as show In addition other...

Page 236: ...Elite Series drives In order to get FORMAT running you need to be in CP M command level This is indicated by A being displayed by CP M The A would be which ever drive is your current logged default dr...

Page 237: ...3 which tells FORMAT which type of formatting to perform as follows O Apple Disk 35 tracks 1 RANA Elite One 40 tracks 2 RANA Elite Two 80 tracks 3 RANA Elite Three 160 tracks FORMAT is capable of per...

Page 238: ...Elite Two Can Elite One Elite Three Can t Elite Two Disk II Can t Elite Two Elite One Can t Elite Two Elite Two Can Elite Two Elite Three Can t Elite Three Disk II Can t Elite Three Elite One Can t El...

Page 239: ...ette you wish to format is the one which is in the specified drive If you are formatting a diskette on which you already have programs or data remember that when FORMAT finishes with the diskette all...

Page 240: ...you reply Y RETURN FORMAT will go ahead and format the diskette erasing everything that was on the diskette for ever and ever If you reply N RETURN FORMAT will return to the which disk question withou...

Page 241: ...System disk in drive A Press RETURN When you ve got your system diskette back into drive A type RETURN Important Note Unlike the INIT command under Apple s DOS FORMAT does not place a copy of any oper...

Page 242: ...ower capacity diskettes using higher capacity drives In addition the way in which the Elite Two and Elite Three drives boot CP M when oper ating in their full capacity mode is slightly different than...

Page 243: ...its predecessor from Microsoft The command syntax which you can type following the prompt is target source S RETURN If you are already used to working with the original COPY utility then you will Quic...

Page 244: ...copy will completely replace any previous information you had on the target diskette Just like with FORMAT this previous information will never he seen again Once again the possibility of having vari...

Page 245: ...ee Explained 1 Elite One Disk II Disk II Elite One Elite One Not allowed Elite One Elite Two Not allowed Elite One Elite Three Not allowed Elite Two Disk II Disk II Elite Two Elite One Not allowed Eli...

Page 246: ...te Three Impossible Elite One Disk II Impossible Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite One Elite Two Elite One Elite One Elite Three Explained 1 Elite Two Disk II Impossible Elite Two Elite One Elite On...

Page 247: ...ite Three Impossible Elite One Disk II Impossible Elite One Elite One Impossible Elite One Elite Two Impossible Elite One Elite Three Impossible Elite Two Disk II Impossible Elite Two Elite One Imposs...

Page 248: ...lite Three Impossible Elite One Disk II Impossible Elite One Elite One Impossible Elite One Elite Two Impossible Elite One Elite Three Impossible Elite Two Disk II Impossible Elite Two Elite One Impos...

Page 249: ...ce disk ette was one which was created under the condition described in explanation 1 above These two conditions per mit Elite Threes to be used in making backup copies of non Elite Three disk ettes e...

Page 250: ...tions all it knows is what you have specified to the currently booted CP M operating system using PROFILE There fore if you have an Elite Two as drive B but you ve told the currently booted CP M that...

Page 251: ...since it will be copying an Elite One diskette The same is true for other copies of this type in which the target drive has more capacity than the source drive excluding the Elite Three On system onl...

Page 252: ...different drives If your source and target are the same drive then COPY will say Insert SOURCE disk and press RETURN Insert the diskette s COPY requests and then press RETURN On single drive copies C...

Page 253: ...did a system only copy COPY will only ask for the target diskette This is because COPY was able to fit all of the system information it is copying into memory at one time Therefore it does not need t...

Page 254: ...There is no way to convince COPY to restructure and Elite One diskette for instance into an Elite Two diskette This can be done using the copy all files feature of the PIP utility Refer to your CP M m...

Page 255: ...d with other Apple II CP M systems PROFILE has absolutely no effect on the Elite Controller card since the enhanced CP M func tions with it completely automatically En hanced CP M does not need to be...

Page 256: ...which the drive is to be changed as given below And s is the seek speed at which the drive is to be positioned from track to track The can replace the entire mess telling PROFILE to display the curre...

Page 257: ...correct seek speed for the drive model type you specified Apart from various insert disk and other such instructional messages PROFILE basically has only one primary line it prints over and over agai...

Page 258: ...ular drive position What is printed at this position in the message determines how CP M will treat that particular drive regardless of whether or not the drive is capable of being treated that way Som...

Page 259: ...st change will be to make drive H an Elite Three with the default seek speed of fast H 3 The second change will be to make drive C a Disk II with the default seek speed of slow C 0 The last change is...

Page 260: ...at the medium seek rate D 0M This also would be a common temporary setting since it obviously infers restricting an Elite One to acting just like a Disk II to insure that any diskette about to be up d...

Page 261: ...o change drive A s setting in the Elite Two system disk ette to an Elite Two Otherwise the diskette will begin to boot but end up crashing The same is true for other changes in booting struc tures Whe...

Page 262: ...e and is the only one which can handle the Elite Three format The last two examples deal with finding out how a particular copy of CP M is currently config ured RETURN A simple will result in PROFILE...

Page 263: ...go get the information it needs from the diskette If you type ESC PROFILE will cancel the com mand and immediately return to the prompt Once PROFILE reads the information it will then perform the fun...

Page 264: ...ll get an immediate response to your request But before PROFILE actually applies the changes directly to the in memory CP M it will say Ready to update in memory system RETURN to continue retry ESC or...

Page 265: ...cations as well PIP is a standard utility which is pare of the CP M system itself from Digital Research as opposed to FORMAT and COPY which were added by Microsoft and which strictly work under the Ap...

Page 266: ...en SGLDRIVE is first executed it takes a small section of itself and copies it into some storage space inside CP M which is only used when you have three or more drives This little piece of SGLDRIVE w...

Page 267: ...ystem diskette Important Note Although SGLDRIVE allows you exchange the disk in drive A between the drive A diskette and the drive B diskette as required by CP M you cannot freely exchange which diske...

Page 268: ...drive problem but with the possibility of help ing Out with other programs at the same time There is one particular type of program with which SGLDRIVE will not work correctly at all SGLDRIVE should...

Page 269: ...d the CP M enhancements outlined earlier in this manual ENHANCE is no longer needed The COPY utility is used to make new enhanced CP M diskettes It is not necessary the use ENHANCE to keep enhanc ing...

Page 270: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SECTION 11 11 SECTION 11 This section has been intentionally omitted Page 11 1...

Page 271: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL SECTION 11 This page intentionally left blank Page 11 2...

Page 272: ...ity Software in the compilation of the following appendix We have borrowed some material from a section of their highly informative book Beneath Apple DOS by Don D Worth and Pieter M Lechner For furth...

Page 273: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O This page intentionally left blank Page A 2...

Page 274: ...not connected in a continuous spiral A disk is similar to a record in that it is spun at a constant speed and information is written to or read from its surface with a read write head Apple formats it...

Page 275: ...drives a problem which tends to spill over into the dual headed disk drive world For the most part no problems of understanding arise from this sloppy use of computerese a very sacred lan guage This a...

Page 276: ...ble data on the disk ette and Apple has used two different track formats to date One divides the track into 13 sectors the other into 16 sectors The sect or ing does not use the index hole s provided...

Page 277: ...6 Sectors per Cylinder 16 Sectors per Diskette 640 Bytes per Sector 256 Bytes per Track 4096 Bytes per Cylinder 4096 Bytes per Diskette 163840 DOS Reserved Cylinders per Diskette 4 DOS Reserved Tracks...

Page 278: ...6 Bytes per Track 4096 Bytes per Cylinder 8192 Bytes per Diskette 327680 DOS Reserved Cylinders per Diskette 2 5 DOS Reserved Tracks per Diskette 5 DOS Reserved Sectors per Diskette 80 DOS Reserved By...

Page 279: ...6 Bytes per Track 4096 Bytes per Cylinder 8192 Bytes per Diskette 655360 DOS Reserved Cylinders per Diskette 2 5 DOS Reserved Tracks per Diskette 5 DOS Reserved Sectors per Diskette 80 DOS Reserved By...

Page 280: ...the software discussion Instead the frequency modulated recording technique FM will he substituted This is due to a rather extensive difference in the complexity of explaining the two techniques This...

Page 281: ...of each byte would be written first and 0 last when data is being read from the diskette the same sequence applies The third figure illus trates the relationship of bits within a byte These diagrams a...

Page 282: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O Fig A I FM Recording Pattern Page A 11...

Page 283: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O Fig A 2 FM Bit Cell Page A 12...

Page 284: ...Fig A 3 FM Byte Recording Page A 13 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O DATA BITS CLOCK BITS...

Page 285: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O CONTROLLER SHIFT REGISTER DATA ON DISK Fig A 4 Reading Data Page A 14...

Page 286: ...inter leaved with the data as it is written Notice that while in write mode 0 s zeros are being brought into the data latch to replace data being written The Software must ensure the latch is loaded...

Page 287: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O Fig A 5 Writing Data Page A 16 CONTROLLER SHIFT REGISTER DATA ON DISK...

Page 288: ...its major compo rients The three different types of gaps on a track are made up of self sync or auto sync bytes so called because they automatically bring the hardware into sync with data bytes on the...

Page 289: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O Fig A 6 Track Fomatting Page A 18...

Page 290: ...quires the first bit of a byte to be a 1 an Apple GCR restriction As long as the disk is left in read mode it will continue to correctly interpret the data unless there is an error on the track A 5 Ga...

Page 291: ...ngth of the track in bytes is uncer tam and the percentage occupied by data is unknown The initialization process is set up so that even on drives of differing speeds the last data field written will...

Page 292: ...ally wrote it Since the speed of the drives can vary it is perfectly possible the write could start in mid byte Normally when writing a data field five self sync bytes are written prior to writing the...

Page 293: ...1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0...

Page 294: ...he next sector is read The length of this Gap is not as vital as that of Gap 2 because the DOS can always wait for the next spin under the read write head if the address field has been missed a maximu...

Page 295: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O Fig A 9 Unsyncronized Write Page A 24 initially write begins here After Writing...

Page 296: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O Fig A 10 Data Field Shifting Page A 25 OLD DATA FIELD ADDRESS INFORMATION GAP 3 GAP 2 NEW DATA FIELD...

Page 297: ...I O D5 AA 96 XX YY XX YY XX YY XX YY DE AA EB Prologue Volume Track Sector Checksum Epilpgue 4 plus 4 ENCODED DATA BYTE D D D D D D D D 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 XX 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 7 5 3 1 YY 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 6...

Page 298: ...ck sum all of which is vital if DOS is to know where it is positioned on a particular diskette The checksum is computed by exclusive ORing the first three pieces of information and is used to verify i...

Page 299: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O D5 AA AD 342 BYTES DATA xx DE AA EB Prologue Data 16 Sector Checksum Epilougue Fig A 12 Data Field Page A 28...

Page 300: ...s done in three different ways 1 This first method currently used in address fields involves writing a data byte as two disk bytes One contains even bits the other the odd bits thus requiring 512 disk...

Page 301: ...ould be zero The odd even 4 plus 4 technique meets these requirements Each data byte is repre sented as two bytes containing odd and even bits respectively See first figure Note that the unused bits a...

Page 302: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O ON DISK IN MEMORY 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 7 5 3 1 D D D D D D D D 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 6 4 2 0 Fig A 13 4 plus 4 Encoding Page A 31...

Page 303: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O D 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 SHIFT LEFT 7 5 3 1 1 D 1 D 1 D 1 D 6 4 2 0 D D D D D D D D 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fig A 14 4 plus 4 Decoding Page A 32...

Page 304: ...es The 256 bytes that will make up a sector must be translated to five bit bytes by a special pre nibble routine within DOS s RWTS which involves bit rearrangement The figure below shows the before an...

Page 305: ...E E E E E E E E 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 800 866 833 899 800 900 933 966 999 0 0 0 A A A A A 0 0 0 B B B B B 0 0 0 C C C C C 0 0 0 D D D D D 0 0...

Page 306: ...6 with two bits being unused The data is then transformed to valid disk bytes This involves simply looking at the following table Nybblized Data Disk Byte 00 AB 10 DD 01 AD 11 DE 02 AE 12 DF 03 AF 13...

Page 307: ...R is the actual data byte for that point in the series Second figure A third encoding technique similar to the 5 plus 3 still calls for the high bit to be set but the byte may now contain one and only...

Page 308: ...0 800 801 801 802 8FD 8FE 8FE 8FF checksum 8FF Byte 00 Byte 01 Byte 02 Byte 85 Byte 86 Byte 87 Byte 88 Byte 340 Byte 341 Byte 342 ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O Fig A 17 Data Encoding Page...

Page 309: ...S BYTE 00 EOR 0 855 BYTE O1 EOR 855 854 BYTE 02 EOR 854 853 6 plus 2 D E C BYTE 85 O EOR 801 800 BYTE 86 D EOR 800 800 BYTE 87 I EOR 800 801 BYTE 88 N EOR 801 802 G TABLE BYTE 340 EOR 8FD 8FE BYTE 341...

Page 310: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O Fig A 19 6 plus 2 Encoding Page A 39 800 900 956...

Page 311: ...diskette are a product of exciusive ORs similar to the 5 plus 3 technique shown above Nybblized Data Disk Byte 00 96 10 B4 20 D6 30 ED 01 97 11 B5 21 D7 31 EE 02 9A 12 B6 22 D9 32 EF 03 9B 13 B7 23 D...

Page 312: ...emely fast Rearranging the sectors into a different order interleaving speeds up accessing On DOS 3 2 1 and earlier versions the 13 sec tors are physically interleaved on the diskette Since DOS is boo...

Page 313: ...different sector order The figure below gives the standard in terleave tables for each operating system For the dual headed Elite Two and Three drives the sector interleaving tables within the Rana e...

Page 314: ...9 09 06 19 25 25 22 04 07 12 08 20 23 28 24 05 05 15 10 21 21 31 26 06 03 02 12 22 19 18 28 07 01 05 14 23 17 21 30 08 14 08 01 24 30 24 17 09 12 11 03 25 28 27 19 10 10 14 05 26 26 30 21 11 08 01 07...

Page 315: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN A DISK I O This page intentionally left blank Page A 44...

Page 316: ...non commercial purposes please feel free However due to the fact that this infor mation extends beyond the point of normal DOS usage Rana Systems will not furnish any addi tional support concerning th...

Page 317: ...ed under an unen hanced DOS it does three things first the RWTS section formats the diskette leaving all sectors empty second the File Manager initial izes the VTOC and directory sectors and then plac...

Page 318: ...nue The File Manager was originally willing to ac cept a specification of drive 3 or 4 without any complaints For the most part the File Manager assumes that the calling program knows what it is talki...

Page 319: ...would not care about the sector number during a no operation call The enhanced DOS will return the error condition without selecting any drives or performing any seeks in addition the AY register pai...

Page 320: ...Seek Rate XXXX XXX0 Two Phases per Cylinder XXXX XXX1 One Phase per Cylinder An additional piece of information can also be obtained by using the AY pointer returned by the enhanced DOS That is the ve...

Page 321: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN B DOS NOTES This page intentionally left blank Page B 6...

Page 322: ...ment If you wish to make use of this information for your own private non commercial purposes please feel free However due to the fact that this infor mation extends beyond the point of normal CP M us...

Page 323: ...drive is not selectable then HL must return containing OOOOH The remaining registers including C can be unde fined upon return Since CP M is an 8080 operating system Digital Reseach makes no declarat...

Page 324: ...mary bank mapped in whenever the BIOS is not in control of the system since its the only one expecting an alternate bank To access the seek tables the alternate bank must be mapped in and then back ou...

Page 325: ...O cards The scanning goes in reverse order from slot 7 back down to slot 1 Whenever a disk controller is found the next two or four CP M logical drives depending on which controller was found are mapp...

Page 326: ...ll return the IY register pointing to drive C s entry within the table The base of the table is drive A s entry and each entry is a single byte Bits 7 MSB through 1 determine the seek speed used when...

Page 327: ...software really being aware of the difference When the RWTS attempts to determine the seek rate to use on the drive it takes the slot 16 and drive values it was given and scans the drive map table in...

Page 328: ...ELITE SERIES USER MANUAL APPEN D D APPENDIX D This appendix section has been intentionally omitted Page D 1...

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RANA Systems Elite Controller, User Manual

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