C
Fiber-Optic
Connections
This
section
contains
information
about
how
to
make
good
ber-optic
connections
,
how
to
make
dry
and
wet
connections
,
and
how
to
clean
your
connectors
.
The
Importance
of
a
Good
Connection
Fiber-optic
connectors
are
used
to
connect
two
ber-optic
cable
ends
together
.
F
or
example
,
ber-optic
connectors
join
cables
between
optical
ports
on
devices
,
laser
sources
,
receivers
,
patch
panels
,
terminals
,
and
many
other
types
of
systems
or
components
.
Fiber-optic
connectors
are
designed
to
provide
a
direct
and
low-loss
optical
signal
transition
from
one
ber
end
to
another
.
In
a
ber-optic
system,
light
is
transmitted
through
an
extremely
small
ber
core
.
Because
ber
cores
are
often
9
microns
(0.009
mm)
or
less
in
diameter
,
and
dust
particles
range
from
tenths
of
a
micron
to
several
microns
in
diameter
,
any
contamination
on
the
end
of
the
ber
core
can
degrade
the
performance
of
the
ber-optic
connection.
Therefore
,
the
connector
must
be
aligned
precisely
and
the
connector
interface
must
be
free
of
contamination
to
make
a
good
connection.
Characterizing
a
Connection
The
quality
of
a
connection
can
be
characterized
by
connector
loss
and
return
loss
.
Connector
(or
insertion)
loss
is
one
important
performance
characteristic
of
a
ber-optic
connector
.
Typical
values
are
less
than
1
dB
of
loss
,
and
sometimes
as
little
as
0.1
dB
of
loss
with
high
performance
connectors
.
Return
loss
is
another
important
factor
.
It
is
a
measure
of
reection
of
the
source
(the
less
reection
the
better).
A
good,
physically
contacting
connector
can
have
a
return
loss
of
40
dB
,
although
20
to
30
dB
is
more
common.
Causes
of
connector
and
return
loss
include:
Dierences
in
the
numerical
aperture
of
the
two
bers
Core
misalignment
Spacing
and
air
gaps
Damaged,
worn,
or
loose
ber
ends
Contamination
on
the
end
face
of
the
connector
Improper
use
and
removal
of
index-matching
compounds
Numerical
aperture
dierences
are
not
connector
related,
but
the
remaining
problems
are
connector
related
and
can
be
prevented
by
proper
care
and
maintenance
of
connectors
.
Fiber-Optic
Connections
C-1
Summary of Contents for 70000 series
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