Freedom9 freeGuard Slim 100 User Manual Download

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G L O S S A R Y

B-4

User Guide

Security Parameter Index (SPI): A hexadecimal number used to uniquely define each virtual

private network (VPN) tunnel. The SPI determines which key the Freedom9 network appliance uses

to encrypt or decrypt packets.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): forms part of the internet protocol suite as

defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force. The protocol is used by network management

systems for monitoring network-attached devices for conditions that warrant administrative

attention.
Static Route: A user-definable route that defines how a packet is to move between a source and

destination. Static routes are a manual entry that allows administrators to set default-route

mapping before the beginning of a route. These routes work well in networks that have a

predictable path for all network traffic.
Subinterface: A logical segment for a physical connection. A subinterface allows administrators

to split the bandwidth between multiple networks connected to the same physical port. On the

Freedom9 network appliance, the IEEE standard 802.1Q is used to tag and identify the subinter-

face.
Subnet: A network that shares a common address component. Subnets are defined as all hosts

whose IP addresses have the same prefix on a TCP/IP network.
Subnet Mask: Determines the subnet an IP address belongs to. The subnet mask also enables

networks to be broken into smaller blocks.
Syslog: A protocol used to generate and send log messages. Syslog traffic is usually sent to a

host running a syslog daemon allowing collection and storage of log messages from a network

device.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): A set of communication

protocols that defines how a host communicates with another host. Hosts can be located on the

same local area network (LAN) or across a wide area network (WAN). TCP/IP allows machines to

communicate even if they do not use the same operating system.
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP): A simple form of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) that

uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to transfer data and provides no security.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP): A connectionless protocol that, like TCP, runs within an IP

network. UDP runs fewer error checks and is classified as a best-effort protocol.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL): The standard used to obtain the location of resources or

global addresses found on the World Wide Web.
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): A standard cable used for telephone lines, UTP is also used

for Ethernet connections and is often referred to as 10BaseT.
Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN): A logical collection of nodes on a network rather than a

physical collection. It enables the nodes to be in the same broadcast domain even though they

might not be located on the same physical switch. Users on the VLAN are identified using tags in

the frame header and are often referred to in the IEEE standard 802.1Q.
Virtual Private Networking (VPN): An easy, cost-effective way for business to use the public

Internet to allow secure remote access into a private network. VPNs commonly use encryption

and authentication to make this communication secure.
Wide Area Network (WAN: A computer network that spans a large geographical area. Typically

a WAN consists of two or more local area networks (LAN), usually connected using the public

telephone system, leased lines or satellite. The largest WAN today is the Internet.
Zone: A segment on a network where certain security parameters are applied. This could include

a security zone, virtual private network (VPN) zone, or demilitarized zone.