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EXFO FTV-700 series, User Manual

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EXFO FTV-700 series User Manual Download Page 315

Description of Event Types

OTDR

305

Reflective Event (Possible Echo)

Reflective Event (Possible Echo)

This symbol indicates a reflective event that can be a real reflection or an 
echo produced by another stronger reflection located closer to the source.

³

In the example above, the launched pulse hits the third connector, is 
reflected back to the OTDR and reflected again into the fiber. It then 
reaches the third connector a second time and is reflected once more 
to the OTDR. 

The application would therefore detect a reflective event located at 
twice the distance of the third connector. Since this event is almost null 
(no loss), and since its distance is a multiple of the third connector 
distance, The application would interpret it as a possible echo.

³

A reflectance value is specified for reflective events (possible echo).

Reflected power 
(dB)

Distance
(km)

OTDR connector

Second connector

Third connector

Reflective event (possible echo)

Summary of Contents for FTV-700 series

Page 1: ...User Guide OTDR for FTB 1 FTB 700 Series...

Page 2: ...other rights of third parties that may result from its use No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent rights of EXFO EXFO s Commerce And Government Entities CAGE code under th...

Page 3: ...Timer 16 4 Preparing Your OTDR for a Test 17 Installing the EXFO Universal Interface EUI 17 Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers 18 Naming Trace Files Automatically 20 Enabling or Disabling the Fir...

Page 4: ...or Disabling the Confirmation of Fault Finder File Name 76 Enabling or Disabling the Storage Feature 78 Enabling or Disabling the First Connector Check for Fault Finder 79 Enabling or Disabling the T...

Page 5: ...ng the Attenuation of Fiber Sections 142 Setting the Analysis Detection Thresholds 144 Analyzing or Reanalyzing a Trace 147 Analyzing the Fiber on a Specific Fiber Span 149 Enabling or Disabling the D...

Page 6: ...gnment of Unidirectional Traces 213 Using Zoom Controls 217 Using Markers to Edit Events 221 Inserting Events 223 Modifying Events 227 Deleting Events 231 Changing the Attenuation of Fiber Sections 23...

Page 7: ...Centers Worldwide 286 A Technical Specifications 287 B Description of Event Types 289 Span Start 290 Span End 290 Short Fibers 290 Continuous Fiber 291 End of Analysis 292 Non Reflective Event 293 Ref...

Page 8: ...ance verification tests are systematically performed on most EXFO equipment Information Electronic test equipment is subject to the EMC Directive in the European Union The EN61326 standard prescribes...

Page 9: ...or Measurement Control and Laboratory Use Part 1 General Requirements EN 61326 1 2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use EMC Requirements Part 1 General requirements EN 60...

Page 10: ......

Page 11: ...s The optical time domain reflectometer OTDR provides an inside view of the fiber and can calculate fiber length attenuation breaks total return loss and splice connector and total losses OTDR port si...

Page 12: ...OTDR Offers impressive dynamic range with short dead zones Performs quick acquisitions with low noise levels to enable accurate low loss splice location Acquires OTDR traces made of up to 256 000 poin...

Page 13: ...n testing a large number of fibers Reference trace documentation is also automatically copied to new acquisitions Fault Finder Rapidly locates fiber ends and displays the length of the fiber under tes...

Page 14: ...hat came with your product on a computer to view and analyze traces without having to use an FTB 1 and an OTDR You can also access more features such as customized printout batch printing conversion o...

Page 15: ...faults An OTDR then detects and analyzes the backscattered signals The signal strength is measured for specific intervals of time and is used to characterize events The OTDR calculates distances as f...

Page 16: ...transmitter is called backscattering Fresnel reflections occur when the light traveling down the fiber encounters abrupt changes in material density that may occur at connections or breaks where an a...

Page 17: ...unless you understand and meet the required conditions CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided may result in minor or moderate injury Do not proceed unless you underst...

Page 18: ......

Page 19: ...it may be hazardous if you use optics within a diverging or collimated beam Do not view directly with optical instruments WARNING Do not install or terminate fibers while a light source is active Nev...

Page 20: ......

Page 21: ...a flat surface such as a table 3 Place the module on the platform making sure that the bumpers and the shorter sides of the module are flush with those of the platform If necessary slightly move the...

Page 22: ...ving Test Modules 4 Using a flat screwdriver turn the screws 4 clockwise until they are tightened This will secure the module into its seated position When you turn on the unit the startup sequence wi...

Page 23: ...Exit Mini ToolBox and turn off your unit 2 Position the unit so that its front panel rests on a flat surface such as a table 3 Using a flat screwdriver turn the screws 4 counterclockwise until they ar...

Page 24: ...Series Inserting and Removing Test Modules 4 Hold the module by its sides NOT by the connectors and pull it up CAUTION Pulling a module by its connectors could seriously damage both the module and con...

Page 25: ...ured and controlled from their dedicated applications in Mini ToolBox To start a module application From Mini ToolBox at the bottom of the window press the button corresponding to the desired applicat...

Page 26: ...screen resolution the appearance of your OTDR application may vary slightly from the illustrations presented in this user guide Timer Once the acquisition has begun a timer is displayed on the right...

Page 27: ...type connectors To install an EUI connector adapter onto the EUI baseplate 1 Hold the EUI connector adapter so the dust cap opens downwards 2 Close the dust cap in order to hold the connector adapter...

Page 28: ...follows 2a Gently wipe the fiber end with a lint free swab dipped in isopropyl alcohol 2b Use compressed air to dry completely 2c Visually inspect the fiber end to ensure its cleanliness IMPORTANT To...

Page 29: ...ure that it is fully fitted into the port s corresponding notch 4 Push the connector in so that the fiber optic cable is firmly in place thus ensuring adequate contact If your connector features a scr...

Page 30: ...e will remain available for the next trace you acquire This function is particularly useful when working in Template mode or when testing multiple fiber cables If you deactivate the automatic file nam...

Page 31: ...te one file per wavelength for example TRACE001_1310 sor and TRACE001_1550 sor if you included both 1310 nm and 1550 nm in your test The native format contains all wavelengths in a single file To conf...

Page 32: ...Press the button appearing next to the Fiber ID box to change the contents of the fiber identification 6 Change the criteria as needed then press OK to confirm your new settings and return to the Def...

Page 33: ...n change the order of apparition with the up and down arrow buttons 9 Press OK to confirm your new settings This preview is updated automatically as you make your selections Items that can be included...

Page 34: ...ed to verify that the fibers are properly connected to the OTDR It verifies the injection level and displays a message when an unusually high loss occurs at the first connection which could indicate t...

Page 35: ...550 nm The unit will identify a macrobend when comparing two loss values if Of the two loss values the greater loss occurred at the greater wavelength AND The difference between the two loss values ex...

Page 36: ...e Only the combinations of wavelengths your module can support will be available For more significant results EXFO recommends to always select the combination of wavelengths including the smallest pos...

Page 37: ...d to modify other parameters go to Advanced mode see Testing Fibers in Advanced Mode on page 31 and Preparing Your OTDR for a Test on page 17 In Auto mode the application will automatically evaluate t...

Page 38: ...is displayed and events appear in the events table The application will also display status messages if you have selected to display pass fail messages see Setting Pass Fail Thresholds on page 47 You...

Page 39: ...TDR supports singlemode singlemode live or multimode wavelengths under Wavelengths from the list select the desired fiber type for live fiber testing select SM Live for C fiber select 50 m and for D f...

Page 40: ...the button bar The application will use a file name based on the autonaming parameters you defined see Naming Trace Files Automatically on page 20 This file name appears at the top of the graph and a...

Page 41: ...ntly connected to the unit The pulse width will be determined using a factory defined signal to noise ratio SNR requirement specified where the End of Fiber EoF event has been detected The EoF event d...

Page 42: ...e the acquisition is complete or interrupted the analysis starts for acquisitions of 5 seconds or more After analysis the trace is displayed Events appear both in the events table and in the linear vi...

Page 43: ...page 36 4 If you want to set your own IOR group index RBS coefficient or helix factor see Setting the IOR RBS Coefficient and Helix Factor on page 37 5 Go to the OTDR tab 6 If you want to test in hig...

Page 44: ...sition Time on page 39 10 Press Start or from the keypad If the first connector check feature is enabled a message will appear if there is a problem with the injection level see Enabling or Disabling...

Page 45: ...you save a file From this dialog box you can change the location the file name and the file format 11a If necessary change the folder to which the file will be saved by pressing the Location button 1...

Page 46: ...nge acquisition time for the OTDR to average acquisitions over a set time period The application uses this value to determine the best settings for the test Note In Template mode the acquisition time...

Page 47: ...on determines a default value for each wavelength You can set the IOR value for each available wavelength You should verify this information before each test The Rayleigh backscatter RBS coefficient r...

Page 48: ...s OR Enter your own values in the boxes for each available wavelength Note You cannot define a different helix factor for each wavelength This value takes into account the difference between the lengt...

Page 49: ...e of the predefined values You can customize the available distance range values see Customizing the Acquisition Distance Range Values on page 92 If you select Auto the application will evaluate the f...

Page 50: ...sition Time Values on page 94 In addition to the displayed values the following time modes are available Real used to immediately view changes in the fiber under test In this mode the SNR of the trace...

Page 51: ...ction marker will go to that value immediately If you want the application to provide automatic acquisition values move at least one dial to the Auto position The other dials are automatically set acc...

Page 52: ...sition Time To use the same pulse and acquisition time for all wavelengths 1 From the button bar press OTDR Setup then go to the Acquisition tab 2 Select the Apply settings to all wavelengths box The...

Page 53: ...ure you should use a longer averaging time to maintain a signal to noise ratio SNR that will be equivalent to the one you would have got with the standard resolution Note You can use high resolution w...

Page 54: ...etup 2 Go to the Acquisition tab 3 Select the High resolution acquisition box Note If your OTDR supports singlemode singlemode live or multimode wavelengths the high resolution feature will be activat...

Page 55: ...ch trace immediately after the acquisition or perform the analysis whenever it suits you best When the analysis process is disabled the Event table of a newly acquired trace will be empty You can also...

Page 56: ...bar press OTDR Setup 2 Go to the Analysis tab 3 If you want the OTDR to automatically analyze an acquired trace select the Automatically analyze data after acquisition box If you clear the check box...

Page 57: ...velength By default the application provides threshold values for the following wavelengths 1310 nm 1383 nm 1390 nm 1410 nm 1490 nm 1550 nm 1625 nm and 1650 nm However if you work with files containin...

Page 58: ...n analyzing or reanalyzing a trace when you open a trace file Values that are greater than the predefined thresholds are displayed in white on a red background in the events table The Pass Fail thresh...

Page 59: ...to set thresholds 3 Select the boxes corresponding to the thresholds that you want to use and enter the desired values in the appropriate fields Note If you no longer want the application to take int...

Page 60: ...other wavelengths proceed as follows 5a Press the Copy to Other Wavelengths button 5b Select the boxes corresponding to the wavelengths for which you want to use the same thresholds Note You can use...

Page 61: ...ory Settings button 3 When the application prompts you confirm the modification with Yes All threshold values of all wavelengths are returned to their default values except for thresholds that are ass...

Page 62: ...available events is set to 10 and therefore does not necessarily reflect the actual number of events displayed When you set a distance value for the span start or end the application searches for a ne...

Page 63: ...Go to the Position box and enter the desired value using the distance units displayed to the right of the field Under Span end indicate whether the span end position is from the fiber span start or f...

Page 64: ......

Page 65: ...te mode concept is to acquire a reference trace template add information and comments on the current job then save the trace For a more accurate reference trace you can update it with new events that...

Page 66: ...ictions of Template Mode To speed up trace acquisition in Template mode certain restrictions apply The parameters used to acquire the reference trace are automatically applied when acquiring subsequen...

Page 67: ...at least two events span start and span end and a fiber section Acquisition mode Reference trace must not be acquired in Real mode see Setting Distance Range Pulse Width and Acquisition Time on page 3...

Page 68: ...dvanced test mode If you want to test using high resolution you will have to select this feature before acquiring the reference trace For more information see Testing Fibers in Auto Mode on page 27 or...

Page 69: ...d see Naming Trace Files Automatically on page 20 This file name appears at the top of the graph and at the top of the linear view table Note The application will only display the Save File dialog box...

Page 70: ...ports ensure that you connect the fiber to the appropriate port singlemode singlemode live or multimode depending on the wavelength you intend to use 2 When the application prompts you select the tra...

Page 71: ...3b Select the Create Ref Template tab If necessary select Create reference trace to update your reference trace for the next acquisitions This mode will use the first 15 traces or less if you stop the...

Page 72: ...tup to return to the main window 3e If you selected Create reference trace at step 4b update your reference trace as follows 3f Press Start or from the keypad If the first connector check feature is e...

Page 73: ...vents detected for each wavelength 4a Press OK to close the dialog box Note You can only add events to the reference trace during reference update Note If you chose the Keep all events feature for the...

Page 74: ...se they exist on the reference trace Question marks identify events found on the main trace that do not exist on the reference trace Numbers will be assigned to new events when the trace is analyzed A...

Page 75: ...s you defined see Naming Trace Files Automatically on page 20 This file name appears at the top of the graph and at the top of the linear view table Note The application will only display the Save Fil...

Page 76: ...d according to the option you selected at step 3c Perform acquisitions in Template mode as follows 6a Press Start or from the keypad If the first connector check feature is enabled a message will appe...

Page 77: ...naming parameters you defined see Naming Trace Files Automatically on page 20 This file name appears at the top of the graph and at the top of the linear view table Note The application will only disp...

Page 78: ...ee Opening Trace Files on page 155 Note The following procedure will be useful if you did not select a reference trace file when the Open Reference Trace File dialog box appeared during the activation...

Page 79: ...re traces in Fault finder mode 1 Clean the connectors properly see Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers on page 18 2 Connect a fiber to the OTDR port If your unit is equipped with two OTDR ports ens...

Page 80: ...rom the Port list specify to which port you connected your fiber 4 Press Start or from the keypad If the first connector check feature is enabled a message will appear if there is a problem with the i...

Page 81: ...e application will only display the Save File dialog box if you have activated the feature to always be prompted when you save a file and if you did not disable the storage features From the Save File...

Page 82: ...l be incremented or decremented according to your selection as follows After saving a result the unit prepares the next file name by incrementing or decrementing the suffix Note If you choose not to s...

Page 83: ...on 3 From the Autonaming Setup dialog box set the parameters If you want the variable part to increase each time a file is saved select Increment If you want it to decrease select Decrement 4 Press OK...

Page 84: ...e format for Fault Finder and one default file format for the other OTDR modes By default traces are saved in native trc format but you can configure your unit to save them in Bellcore sor format You...

Page 85: ...File Format for the Fault Finder Traces To select the default file format 1 From the button bar press Quick Save 2 From the Save File dialog box select the desired format 3 Press OK to save your file...

Page 86: ...application prompts you to confirm the file name Note The file name confirmation parameter used in Fault Finder mode is independent from the one used in the other OTDR modes Auto Advanced and Templat...

Page 87: ...ou want to confirm file name each time you press Quick Save select the Always show confirmation window on save check box OR If you never want to be prompted clear the check box Note You can also disab...

Page 88: ...rform quick tests without having to save the results you may prefer to hide the Quick Save button To enable or disable the storage feature 1 From the button bar press Setup then go to the General tab...

Page 89: ...the OTDR It verifies the injection level and displays a message when a unusually high loss occurs at the first connection which could indicate that no fiber is connected to the OTDR port By default t...

Page 90: ...er To enable or disable the first connector check 1 From the button bar press Setup then select the General tab 2 To enable the first connector check select the First connector check check box OR To d...

Page 91: ...le it if you prefer using an external keyboard Note Hiding or displaying the touchscreen keyboard in Fault Finder mode has no effect on the way the touchscreen keyboard will be used in the other OTDR...

Page 92: ...an display or hide the grid appearing on the graph s background By default the grid is displayed the file name in the trace display The file name appears at the top of the trace display By default the...

Page 93: ...play parameters 1 From the button bar press the Setup button then select the General tab 2 Select the check boxes corresponding to the item you want to display on the graph OR To hide them clear the c...

Page 94: ...ting the Distance Units You can select the distance units that will be used in the application The default distance units are the kilometers Note The distance units used in Fault Finder mode are indep...

Page 95: ...your display 1 From the button bar select Setup 2 From the Setup window select the General tab 3 From the Distance units list select the item corresponding to the desired units 4 Press Exit Setup You...

Page 96: ......

Page 97: ...he unit will create one file per wavelength for example TRACE001_1310 sor and TRACE001_1550 sor if you included both 1310 nm and 1550 nm in your test The native format contains all wavelengths in a si...

Page 98: ...he new format The next files will be saved in the new format Enabling or Disabling File Name Confirmation By default each time you save a file the application prompts you to confirm the file name The...

Page 99: ...o confirm file name each time you press Quick Save select the Always show confirmation window on save check box OR If you never want to be prompted clear the check box Note You can also disable the co...

Page 100: ...e units are the kilometers Note If you select Kilometers km or Kilofeet kft m and ft may appear instead to display more precise measurements Note The distance units used in Auto Advanced and Template...

Page 101: ...From the button bar press OTDR Setup 2 From the OTDR Setup window select the General tab 3 From the Distance units list select the item corresponding to the desired distance units 4 Press Exit OTDR S...

Page 102: ...ote This function is available in Advanced mode only You can customize the values associated with the Distance dial Once the customization is complete you are ready to set the distance range value for...

Page 103: ...the Custom Acquisition Parameters button 3 If your OTDR supports singlemode or filtered wavelengths specify the desired fiber type 4 From the Distance list select the value you want to modify the valu...

Page 104: ...d with the Time dial The acquisition time values represent the time during which the OTDR will average acquisitions Note The Auto and Real values cannot be modified You can customize the acquisition t...

Page 105: ...TDR Setup then the Acquisition tab 2 Press the Custom Acquisition Parameters button 3 From the Time list select the value you want to modify the value will become highlighted then press the Edit butto...

Page 106: ...e it if you prefer using an external keyboard Note Hiding or displaying the touchscreen keyboard in Auto Advanced and Template modes has no effect on the way the touchscreen keyboard will be used in t...

Page 107: ...end detection linear view Note You cannot hide the optional features if you purchased the software package To display or hide the optional features 1 From the button bar press OTDR Setup 2 In the Gene...

Page 108: ......

Page 109: ...reanalyze existing traces For information on the various file formats you can open with the application see Opening Trace Files on page 155 There are many ways to view the results Graph view Linear vi...

Page 110: ...displayed trace Some items in the trace display are always visible while others will appear only if you choose to display them The contents of the graph area changes according to the selected tab The...

Page 111: ...can view all of the traces in turn in both the Trace Info pane and the trace display with the navigation buttons For more information see Displaying or Hiding a Trace on page 124 Each wavelength is d...

Page 112: ...resents a fiber section Bubbles and lines will be displayed in colors green for pass red for fail grey or black for events and fiber sections appearing outside the current fiber span Otherwise all eve...

Page 113: ...pan start The linear view cannot be displayed when the events table is empty Traces must have been analyzed before you can see them in the linear view If you configured the application to show the mac...

Page 114: ...case Continuous fiber will be displayed instead When you select an element in the summary table element is highlighted if you double tap or press Enter on the unit s keypad the application automatica...

Page 115: ...will appear at the bottom of the summary table If no macrobends were detected the application displays No macrobend has been detected instead of the information on the macrobends If the traces that ha...

Page 116: ...r view optional are displayed You can view information about all detected events on a trace and fiber sections by scrolling through the events table In graph view when you select an event in the event...

Page 117: ...ll display a tooltip identifying the item for example Non reflective fault In the case of a merged event you will also see details about the sub events The tooltip displays any comment that you have i...

Page 118: ...distance units you selected are not the kilometers This follows the standards of the fiber optic industry that provides the attenuation values in dB per kilometers Cumul Cumulative loss from the trac...

Page 119: ...locate an event in the events table 1 Ensure that the button is selected in the zoom button bar 2 Select the event on the trace The list scrolls automatically to the event you selected Graph Event no...

Page 120: ...rkers section You can drag them directly from the trace display You can also move the markers using the left right arrows Selecting marker A or B will move the a A or B b pair For more information on...

Page 121: ...le below gives an overview of the information that is available in each case As soon as a trace is displayed new acquisition or existing file zoom controls are available see Using Zoom Controls on pag...

Page 122: ...itions are complete the application will automatically switch to the defined default view see Selecting the Default View on page 113 If you prefer that the graph remains in full screen after the acqui...

Page 123: ...nced Template a particular view can be displayed View OTDR modes for which view is available Remarks Graph Auto Advanced Template Default view For more information see Graph View on page 100 Linear Au...

Page 124: ...tup to return to main window The application will automatically switch to the selected view when you perform the next acquisitions Summary table Auto Advanced This table gives for each wavelength the...

Page 125: ...you work in full screen mode see Displaying the Graph in Full Screen on page 111 if you want to view the event table without having to go back in normal view mode To display the event table after acq...

Page 126: ...window select the General tab 3 Under Application options select Zoom in automatically on defined fiber span to automatically zoom on the fiber span in the trace display when a trace is opened or sele...

Page 127: ...onding buttons or let the application automatically adjust the zoom on the currently selected event from the events table only available when the events window is displayed You can quickly zoom in on...

Page 128: ...mode the zoom factor and marker positions correspond to those of the reference trace If you want the application to automatically zoom on the defined fiber span see Automatically Zooming in on the Fi...

Page 129: ...e you want to zoom on the graph with the stylus or your finger The application automatically adjusts the zoom by a factor 2 around the point that was pressed To revert to the complete graph view Press...

Page 130: ...lay the graph with a black invert color feature or a white background By default the background is white Note The application always generates graphs with a white background in the reports the zoom wi...

Page 131: ...From the button bar press the OTDR Setup button then select the General tab 2 Select the boxes corresponding to the item you want to display on the graph OR To hide them clear the boxes 3 Press Exit...

Page 132: ...lay Launch level In the events table the Launch Level event is represented by the icon In the Att column the injection level value for that event is identified by the symbol You can hide the injection...

Page 133: ...Event Table To customize the events table appearance 1 From the OTDR Setup window select the Event Table tab 2 Select the boxes corresponding to the item you want to display or include in the table OR...

Page 134: ...well as multiwavelength traces You can select the fibers and the wavelengths for multiwavelength files that will be available when using the navigation button You can also specify which trace will be...

Page 135: ...trace cannot be displayed with the navigation button In multiwavelength trace files you can show or hide traces independently 3 From the list of traces select the row corresponding to the trace you w...

Page 136: ...can clear that trace and start over To clear traces from the display 1 From the button bar press Storage 2 From the Storage dialog box press Clear Main or Clear Reference If you had already acquired o...

Page 137: ...ble in Advanced mode You can modify the index of refraction IOR also known as group index Rayleigh backscatter RBS coefficient and helix factor for the displayed trace Modifications you make are only...

Page 138: ...width used to perform the acquisition Time Duration either in minutes or seconds of the acquisition Span length Measured length of the total fiber span between span start and span end Span loss Total...

Page 139: ...ex If you modify this parameter the distance measurements for the trace will be adjusted You can enter an IOR value directly or let the application calculate it with the distance between span start an...

Page 140: ...race Info tab 2 Press the Fiber Settings button 3 Enter the desired values for the current trace in the appropriate boxes OR If you want to revert a particular item to its default value press the Defa...

Page 141: ...ion calculate the IOR value as a function of the distance between span start and span end press Set IOR by Distance then enter the distance value 4 If you want to save the modified IOR RBS and helix F...

Page 142: ...end of analysis launch level merged events span start span end In the case of a reflective event you can also specify whether the event corresponds to an echo a possible echo or no echo Note If you wa...

Page 143: ...markers you can define a new location for the selected event You can reposition all markers directly by dragging them or by pressing where you want to relocate them on the graph Selecting marker A or...

Page 144: ...e Using Markers on page 161 4 Position marker B after the end of the event where the trace returns to a regular loss inside the fiber and submarker b to the right of marker B as far as possible from m...

Page 145: ...p down arrows of the Echo status list Note Select if you want to indicate that the event is not an echo 6 Press OK to accept the modifications you have made or Cancel to return to the events table wit...

Page 146: ...t detect it because it is hidden in the noise or because the splice loss is lower than the minimum detection threshold see Setting Pass Fail Thresholds on page 47 You can add this event to the events...

Page 147: ...es where the event will be inserted Use the marker arrows to move marker A on the trace display 3 Once you have determined the location under Event use the up down arrows next to the box to select the...

Page 148: ...ction launch level end of fiber span start span end Note The End of fiber event indicates the span end that was set for the first analysis of the trace not the span end assigned to another event or di...

Page 149: ...Traces and Events OTDR 139 Deleting Events To delete an event 1 Select the event you want to delete 2 Press Delete 3 When the application prompts you press Yes to confirm the deletion or No to keep t...

Page 150: ...event indicates that a comment has been added This way you can locate rapidly the events you have customized To insert a comment 1 Select the event on which you want to insert a comment 2 From the Eve...

Page 151: ...nd Events OTDR 141 Managing Comments To delete a comment 1 Select the event on which you want to delete a comment 2 From the Events tab press Edit Comments 3 From the Edit Comments dialog box delete t...

Page 152: ...uation value of fiber sections Note If you want to modify events see Modifying Events on page 132 To modify the attenuation of a fiber section 1 From the event table select the fiber section 2 Press t...

Page 153: ...markers serve only to set the new attenuation value Their actual locations will not be modified Fiber section loss and attenuation are displayed respectively in the Loss LSA and Att LSA boxes 4 Press...

Page 154: ...e events into loss events or detect reflective events that could be harmful to network and other fiber optic equipment End of fiber threshold To stop the analysis as soon as an important event loss oc...

Page 155: ...ith the threshold set to 0 05 dB two events are displayed at distances corresponding to the location of the first and second splices Threshold at 0 1 dB Only the first splice is displayed as the thres...

Page 156: ...et the parameters Enter the desired values in the appropriate boxes OR Select the default settings by pressing Default 4 Press Exit OTDR Setup The analysis detection thresholds you have just set are a...

Page 157: ...r Disabling Analysis After Acquisition on page 45 reanalyze a trace acquired with a previous version of the software re create the events table if it was modified perform a Pass Fail test if enabled f...

Page 158: ...em for setting the span start and end markers on the trace On the first analysis this dialog box is not displayed and the default span start and end are applied See Setting a Default Span Start and Sp...

Page 159: ...he first analysis or reanalysis performed upon trace acquisition To set a fiber span 1 From the main window go to the Events tab 2 Define the span event location by moving marker A along the trace usi...

Page 160: ...he span end at this point Note The detection of reflective ends of fiber is only performed when you test at singlemode wavelengths Once you have selected the option the detection will be performed aut...

Page 161: ...e reflective fault located in the noisy area a a The cumulative loss value will remain the same for all elements appearing after the event on which the span end was set according to the conventional a...

Page 162: ...to the Event Table tab IMPORTANT The analysis will stop as soon as the loss of an event crosses the end of fiber EoF threshold The application will mark the event as an end of fiber event In this cas...

Page 163: ...or Disabling the Detection of Reflective Ends of Fiber 3 If you want to enable the option under End of Fiber parameters select the Reflective end of fiber detection box OR If you prefer to disable the...

Page 164: ...in trace you may want to interchange main and reference traces When you swap traces the application will provide a new set of events corresponding to the new main trace To swap traces 1 From the butto...

Page 165: ...les simultaneously each containing several traces In Automatic mode you can open a trace file for viewing only Consequently you cannot select a trace as main or reference trace Note You cannot open bi...

Page 166: ...will automatically zoom in on the event that was selected for the second trace Markers that are displayed correspond to those of the selected event Trace that has been saved with a manual zoom Applic...

Page 167: ...er settings of the reference file to all traces main and reference For detailed information on compatibility between EXFO s file formats and software versions see OTDR Trace File Compatibility on page...

Page 168: ...r the selected trace will be used as the main or the reference trace You can select another file from the list and set the trace as the main or reference trace according to your needs 5 Press OK You r...

Page 169: ...by using the same measurement methods as the analysis that is the four point event loss and the A B LSA attenuation Note This function is not available in Auto mode because you do not have access to t...

Page 170: ...select the attenuation and loss values that will be displayed 1 From the button bar press OTDR Setup then go to the General tab 2 Press the Measurement Method button 3 Select which values you want to...

Page 171: ...eft arrow buttons to move the marker along the trace You can also move it with the left right arrows from the keypad Note You can also select the marker directly on the trace display and drag it to th...

Page 172: ...able You can retrieve the position of an event as well as the distance between events manually You can also display various relative power readings Distances and relative powers correspond to the X ax...

Page 173: ...ion in Rayleigh backscatter RBS caused by this event Event loss can result from both reflective and non reflective events Two loss calculations are provided simultaneously the four point event loss an...

Page 174: ...line to the backscatter data within the two regions defined by markers a A and b B that is over the regions to the left and to the right of the event bordered by markers A and B respectively The two...

Page 175: ...reduction in power dB over the distance between the two markers as calculated from the slope of the fitted line Although this method works fairly well for splice loss it is clearly not appropriate fo...

Page 176: ...Results section press Loss Markers a A B and b appear on the graph 3 Zoom in and position marker A at the end of the linear area preceding the event to be measured For more information see Using Zoom...

Page 177: ...e end of the linear area following the event to be measured must not include any significant events Note The loss values that are displayed depend on which calculation methods are selected see Selecti...

Page 178: ...nly those two points are used to perform the calculation and there is no averaging The least square approximation LSA method measures the attenuation loss over distance between two points by fitting a...

Page 179: ...n see Using Markers on page 161 4 Zoom in on the trace and fine tune the marker positioning if necessary For more information see Using Zoom Controls on page 117 Note There should not be any events be...

Page 180: ...Refl button Markers a A and B appear on the graph 3 Zoom in and position marker A on the linear area preceding the event to be measured For more information see Using Zoom Controls on page 117 and Us...

Page 181: ...the total fiber span depending on the option you have selected in the Setup window Optical return loss ORL refers to the total effect of multiple reflections and scattering events within a fiber optic...

Page 182: ......

Page 183: ...lete trace files you must use the File Manager utility Saving a Trace in a Different Format With the OTDR application you can save traces in native trc and Bellcore sor formats By default the applicat...

Page 184: ...tibility OTDR Trace File Compatibility The table presented hereafter shows the compatibility between the format of a specific trace and the software that you may use to open that trace Symbols used in...

Page 185: ...or earlier Convb b Should be reanalyzed to view the events table X X X Conva Conva Conva ToolBox 6 7 to 6 20 Convc c Data should be saved in FTB 300 ftb300 format and reanalyzed to view the events tab...

Page 186: ...g Moving Renaming or Deleting Trace Files Copying Moving Renaming or Deleting Trace Files If you want to copy move rename or delete trace files you will have to process the files manually via File Man...

Page 187: ...you access the report to add information to a newly acquired trace the template is automatically recalled eliminating repetitive documentation operations Note The information must be entered before a...

Page 188: ...s been acquired or reopened press Identification 2 Enter the desired information Note The information in the Date Time Unit and Serial no boxes is provided by the application and cannot be edited 3 Pr...

Page 189: ...format By default only the information related to the active trace is generated in a report but you can also generate all the traces the current file contains available in Advanced and Auto modes onl...

Page 190: ...other table which contains the macrobend thresholds Note This table is global to the fiber and will be generated if the application has detected macrobends at any wavelength For example even if you ch...

Page 191: ...the information of the current trace will be displayed By default this item is selected X X X Comments By default this item is selected X X X Link measurement Span loss Span length Average loss Averag...

Page 192: ...to display fail or warning results from the OTDR setup and include the Event table item in your report X X X Graph You can select the Zoom item if you want the traces to be generated with the zoom fa...

Page 193: ...select the report characteristics including whether you want to include the graphs or not Select the Include all traces item to generate a report for all traces wavelengths from the current file avail...

Page 194: ...og box select a folder or create one to save your file 6 If desired modify the file name 7 Press Save to confirm You will automatically return to the main window IMPORTANT If you specify the name of a...

Page 195: ...CAUTION Never connect a live fiber to the OTDR port without a proper setup Any incoming optical power ranging from 65 dBm to 40 dBm will affect the OTDR acquisition The way the acquisition will be aff...

Page 196: ...end of the fiber under test to the OTDR port If your unit is equipped with two OTDR ports ensure that you connect the fiber to the appropriate port singlemode singlemode live or multimode depending on...

Page 197: ...then will be off for the next second then be sent again for 1 second and so on If you want the OTDR to emit light in a flashing pattern select 1 kHz Blink or 2 kHz Blink 6 Under Source press Turn ON Y...

Page 198: ......

Page 199: ...ional analysis on two unidirectional OTDR traces For the application to be able to match events the two OTDR traces must have been acquired in opposite directions and on the same fiber span The applic...

Page 200: ...ral sections with different types of fibers or fibers from different manufacturers Gainers and exaggerated losses result from the joining of two fibers of different mode field diameters MFD The mode f...

Page 201: ...Starting and Exiting the Bidirectional Analysis Application The bidirectional analysis application is available from your unit To start the Bidirectional Analysis application 1 From Mini ToolBox go to...

Page 202: ...holds and to configure options related to spans To switch from one wavelength to another available only when A B and B A traces contain multiple wavelengths To view the table of events corresponding t...

Page 203: ...in the OTDR application before opening them with the bidirectional analysis application You can open unidirectional trace files to combine them into a bidirectional measurement file It is possible to...

Page 204: ...generate the bidirectional measurement You can open traces of Telcordia Bellcore non EXFO version 200 format but you cannot reanalyze them However they can be used to generate the bidirectional measu...

Page 205: ...an end of the B A trace is aligned with the span start of the A B trace If the application cannot match the traces perfectly error or warning messages will appear A message will be displayed if there...

Page 206: ...trace file The next time you create a bidirectional measurement the application will suggest this path by default 2c Press the Browse button on the right of the B A file path box 2d Select the second...

Page 207: ...a of the unidirectional traces and the bidirectional measurement one wavelength per bidirectional file Note The application will keep in memory the path to your bidirectional measurement file The next...

Page 208: ...directional Measurement You can view in turn the bidirectional measurement as well as the unidirectional trace files When you create a bidirectional measurement using multiwavelength files you can als...

Page 209: ...ion Optional OTDR 199 Displaying Traces and Bidirectional Measurement To switch from one wavelength to another From the main window use the buttons To switch from one wavelength to another available o...

Page 210: ...ional OTDR application You can view the corresponding graphs see Graph View on page 201 and tables of events see Events Tab on page 204 as well as obtain more information about the status of the bidir...

Page 211: ...nly if you choose to display them The contents of the graph area changes according to the selected direction and wavelength You can change trace display parameters such as the grid and zoom window dis...

Page 212: ...ne result exceeds the thresholds and the span loss values A global status for the bidirectional measurement is also available The span length distance between span start and span end is also displayed...

Page 213: ...ion for which the status is fail the Trace Info tab The application highlights the row corresponding to the first element span loss span length or span ORL for which the status is fail You can press t...

Page 214: ...n will automatically select the event or fiber section corresponding to the point you press on the graph The events table lists all the events detected on the fiber An event can be defined as the poin...

Page 215: ...stance between the OTDR and the measured event or between the event and the beginning of the fiber span OR Length of a fiber section distance between two events Attenuation loss distance of individual...

Page 216: ...o tab If you want to modify events or fiber sections see Modifying Events on page 227 Inserting Events on page 223 and Changing the Attenuation of Fiber Sections on page 233 Event type detected see De...

Page 217: ...TDR 207 Viewing Results To quickly locate an event in the events table 1 Ensure that the button is selected in the zoom button bar 2 Select the event on the trace The list scrolls automatically to the...

Page 218: ...es see Displaying Traces and Bidirectional Measurement on page 198 However you can only modify the analysis settings for the current A B and B A traces not for the bidirectional measurement see Modify...

Page 219: ...span end Span loss Total measured loss of the fiber calculated either between the span start and the span end or on the total fiber span depending on the settings you have chosen in the setup window A...

Page 220: ...s whether or not the acquisitions were performed using the high resolution feature IOR Index of refraction of the displayed trace Backscatter Rayleigh backscatter coefficient of the displayed trace He...

Page 221: ...fiber unless you have saved them see Saving the Span Start and Span End Information on page 242 The table below shows what happens when you start the analysis depending on the direction that is curre...

Page 222: ...s and regenerate bidirectional measurement 1 From the main window select the Edit tab 2 Under Direction select the desired option depending on which trace you want to reanalyze 3 If you are working wi...

Page 223: ...start and or span end of one or both of the unidirectional traces Keep in mind that when you modify the B A trace the trace is presented in the opposite direction of the A B trace and so are the even...

Page 224: ...to be located in the noise peak detected at the end of the fiber span The end of fiber will be moved accordingly However if you move the span end back within the original fiber span the end of fiber...

Page 225: ...e of the following methods Drag marker A to the desired span event location Use the left right arrows from the keypad to move marker A Enter a distance value in the Position box and press Use the sing...

Page 226: ...ce the span start becomes event 1 and its distance reference becomes 0 For the A B trace the span end becomes the last event and its distance reference becomes 0 Only events between the span start and...

Page 227: ...ts table You can also return to the original graph value Note You cannot move the markers with the button In the case of a multiwavelength file when you zoom in or out on the graph the application wil...

Page 228: ...at 1625 nm Only the selected events of the bidirectional measurement will be saved along with the bidirectional file When you open an existing bidirectional file the application restores the zoom con...

Page 229: ...Press and hold this button to select the zooming direction in the menu Then define the zoom area with the stylus or your finger a rectangle with dotted lines will appear to help you define the area O...

Page 230: ...ent 1 From the main window select the Graph tab 2 Select the Events tab 3 Under Direction select the desired option 4 From the events table select the desired event 5 Press to automatically adjust the...

Page 231: ...ogether To move a marker 1 If you intend to move the markers directly from the graph ensure that the button is selected in the zoom button bar 2 From the Edit tab press the buttons corresponding to th...

Page 232: ...a distance value in the Position box and press Note Keep in mind that when you work with the B A trace the trace is presented in the opposite direction of the A B trace and so are the markers For exam...

Page 233: ...e You can insert events in the events table manually This could be useful for example if you know that there is a splice at a given location but the analysis does not detect it because it is hidden in...

Page 234: ...700 Series Inserting Events To insert an event 1 From the main window select the Edit tab 2 Under Direction select either A B or B A 3 If desired you can select an item from the events table that is...

Page 235: ...lable to help you place the event but only marker A identifies where the event will be inserted Define the new event location by using one of the following methods Enter a distance value in the Positi...

Page 236: ...lculated automatically based on the position of the markers Reflectance values are only displayed for reflective event types reflective echo and possible echo 7 Press Insert to create the event or Can...

Page 237: ...can change the position as well as the loss and reflectance reflective events only of almost any existing event except launch event You can modify the loss and reflectance values but not its position...

Page 238: ...ying Events To modify an event 1 From the main window select the Edit tab 2 Under Direction select either A B or B A 3 Select the event you want to modify 4 Press the Modify button Note If the Modify...

Page 239: ...to modify another event instead press Cancel then change your selection Four markers are available to help you place the event but only marker A identifies where the event will be moved Define the new...

Page 240: ...n the position of the markers Reflectance values are only displayed for reflective event types reflective echo and possible echo 7 Press Modify to accept the modifications you have made or Cancel to r...

Page 241: ...regenerates the bidirectional measurement automatically to take into account the modifications you have made Almost any element can be deleted from the events table except end of analysis fiber sectio...

Page 242: ...1 From the main window select the Edit tab 2 Under Direction select either A B or B A 3 Select the event you want to delete 4 Press Delete Note If the Delete button is not available that means you can...

Page 243: ...ot those of the bidirectional measurement The application regenerates the bidirectional measurement automatically to take into account the modifications you have made You can change the attenuation va...

Page 244: ...ing the Attenuation of Fiber Sections To modify the attenuation of a fiber section 1 From the main window select the Edit tab 2 Under Direction select either A B or B A 3 Select the fiber section that...

Page 245: ...to Edit Events on page 221 Note The markers serve only to set the new attenuation value Their actual locations will not be modified Fiber section loss and attenuation are displayed 6 Press Modify to...

Page 246: ...e wavelengths The default distance units are the kilometers Note If you select Kilometers km or Kilofeet kft m and ft may appear instead to display more precise measurements Note The attenuation of fi...

Page 247: ...yed the graph background You can display the graph with a black invert color feature or a white background By default the background is white Trace display mode You can choose the way the application...

Page 248: ...onding to the item you want to display on the graph OR To hide them clear the boxes 3 Press Apply to confirm the changes then OK to return to the main window The changes are applied automatically To r...

Page 249: ...in the displayed values If you activated the pass fail test see Setting Pass Fail Thresholds on page 243 span start and span end events will be taken into account when determining the status pass fai...

Page 250: ...t You can display or hide the comments relative to a specific event Such comments would be displayed in a tooltip along with the details of the event type see Events Tab on page 204 A red triangle app...

Page 251: ...tab 2 Select the boxes corresponding to the item you want to display or include in the table OR To hide them clear the boxes 3 Press Apply to confirm the changes then OK to return to the main window T...

Page 252: ...e current span start and span end to a unidirectional trace when your reanalyze this trace To save the span start and or span end information or to deactivate the feature 1 From the Main Menu select S...

Page 253: ...s will be applied to the results of the A B or B A traces as well as the bidirectional measurement with the corresponding wavelength By default the application provides threshold values for the follow...

Page 254: ...il Values that are greater than the predefined fail thresholds are displayed in white on a red background in the events table The Pass Fail threshold LED located on the front of the unit will also ind...

Page 255: ...ab 2 From the Wavelength list select the wavelength for which you want to set thresholds 3 Select the boxes corresponding to the thresholds that you want to use and enter the desired values in the app...

Page 256: ...r several other wavelengths proceed as follows 4a Press the Copy to Other Wavelengths button 4b Select the boxes corresponding to the wavelengths for which you want to use the same thresholds Note You...

Page 257: ...e Revert to Factory Settings button 3 When the application prompts you confirm the modification with Yes All threshold values of all wavelengths are returned to their default values except for thresho...

Page 258: ...eters can be changed The fiber settings IOR Index of refraction of the displayed trace also known as group index If you modify this parameter the distance measurements for the trace will be adjusted Y...

Page 259: ...ovides the default minimum and maximum threshold values Note The event detection thresholds are not available when you work with a trace in Telcordia Bellcore non EXFO version 200 format These detecti...

Page 260: ...factory settings The fiber settings will be reset according to the current trace and the event detection thresholds will return to fixed default values To modify the trace analysis settings of the se...

Page 261: ...efer to let the application calculate the IOR value as function of the distance between span start and span end select Fixed length instead then enter the distance value 5 Press Apply to confirm the c...

Page 262: ...lect either A B or B A 3 Press the Trace Analysis Settings button 4 Press the Revert to Default Settings button 5 When the application prompts you select Yes to complete the operation 6 Press Apply to...

Page 263: ...their complete data you can export them from the bidirectional file see Exporting Unidirectional Traces from Bidirectional Files on page 255 You will then be able to use them from the OTDR applicatio...

Page 264: ...ional files 1 From the Main Menu select File Save 2 From the Save As dialog box select a folder or create one to save your file 3 If desired modify the file name 4 Press Save to confirm IMPORTANT If y...

Page 265: ...measurement The files that you export are in native trc format that can be opened with the OTDR application Note Traces in Telcordia Bellcore EXFO version 200 format will also be exported to a native...

Page 266: ...ge 193 OR Open an already existing file see Opening Existing Bidirectional Measurement Files on page 197 2 From the Main Menu select Export 3 Select either Export A B or Export B A 4 From the Save As...

Page 267: ...page 259 The information you enter is saved along with the bidirectional file only The original A B or B A files will not be modified The information that you enter is specific to each wavelength and...

Page 268: ...ly to confirm your changes then OK to return to the main window The information entered is saved and can be viewed or changed at any time using the same process To clear all the information from the T...

Page 269: ...each of the events having a fail status with their wavelength Fail values are displayed in red results which comprise test parameters for A B and B A traces bidirectional summary results for events h...

Page 270: ...193 OR Open an already existing file see Opening Existing Bidirectional Measurement Files on page 197 2 From the Main Menu select Export Report 3 From the Save As dialog box select a folder or create...

Page 271: ...nit 1 Exit the OTDR Bidirectional application 2 From Mini ToolBox open File Manager 3 Go to the folder in which you have saved your report 4 Select the report you want to view and press image du bouto...

Page 272: ......

Page 273: ...n a clean and dry area Keep the unit out of direct sunlight Avoid high humidity or significant temperature fluctuations Avoid unnecessary shocks and vibrations If any liquids are spilled on or into th...

Page 274: ...errule 2 Moisten a 2 5 mm cleaning tip with one drop of isopropyl alcohol alcohol may leave traces if used abundantly 3 Slowly insert the cleaning tip into the EUI adapter until it comes out on the ot...

Page 275: ...onnector and ferrule are perfectly dry 6d Verify connector surface with a portable fiber optic microscope for example EXFO s FOMS or fiber inspection probe for example EXFO s FIP 7 Put the EUI back on...

Page 276: ...at least 2 km of fiber to the OTDR output port 2 Set the distance range at 2 5 km and acquisition time at 180 seconds 3 Measure the deviation between a 10 ns pulse and a 30 ns pulse for each laser Th...

Page 277: ...n the pulse width to the shortest value available and the acquisition time to 15 seconds 3 Evaluate the launch level at 0 km by extrapolating the linear region of the curve The launch level should be...

Page 278: ...he fiber settings are accurate IOR Helix factor and RBS 2 Set the distance range to less than 2 km the pulse width to 10 ns and the acquisition time to 30 s 3 Take a distance measurement positioning m...

Page 279: ...uncertainty as shown below Use A and B markers in the Measure pane This is the attenuation dead zone If the results exceed the maximum permitted specification refer to the calibration certificate that...

Page 280: ...fiber length from that setup In all cases the fiber should have several sections longer than 2 km with no loss greater than 8 dB and with an average attenuation not exceeding 1 dB km Ensure the OTDR...

Page 281: ...ive to the noise amplitude which is 5 2 dB If the result falls below the minimum permitted specification refer to the calibration certificate that came with your product you will observe a degradation...

Page 282: ...flective events with a nominal loss of 0 5 dB should be present Join a series of fiber reels between the OTDR and the variable attenuator for a length of approximately 20 km Join another series of ree...

Page 283: ...n reflective event method represents the amount of attenuation dB between the launch level and a 0 5 dB splice which can be detected and measured to an accuracy of 0 1 dB You can measure it by simply...

Page 284: ...rval unless this has been previously agreed upon with the customer Validity of specifications depends on operating conditions For example the calibration validity period can be longer or shorter depen...

Page 285: ...opean Union member state with legislation regarding Directive 2002 96 EC Except for reasons of safety or environmental benefit equipment manufactured by EXFO under its brand name is generally designed...

Page 286: ......

Page 287: ...ber under test is shorter than the maximum length the OTDR can measure In multimode fiber testing launch level remains out of the launch window light green rectangle even after cleaning and verifying...

Page 288: ...e about live fiber error should not appear and the OTDR trace should look normal If you still see the message about live fiber error even if no fiber is connected to the OTDR contact EXFO Never connec...

Page 289: ...not appear and the OTDR trace should look normal If you still see the message about live fiber error even if no fiber is connected to the OTDR contact EXFO Singlemode live fiber testing requires that...

Page 290: ...technical support visit the EXFO Web site at www exfo com To accelerate the process please have information such as the name and the serial number see the product identification label as well as a de...

Page 291: ...unit Transportation damage can occur from improper handling The following steps are recommended to minimize the possibility of damage Pack the unit in its original packing material when shipping Avoi...

Page 292: ......

Page 293: ...warranty period and found to meet all published specifications EXFO will charge standard calibration fees THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED IMPLIED OR STATUTORY INCLUDING BUT...

Page 294: ...of its products at any time without incurring obligation to make any changes whatsoever on units purchased Accessories including but not limited to fuses pilot lamps batteries and universal interface...

Page 295: ...tions under which it was observed 5 Return the equipment prepaid to the address given to you by support personnel Be sure to write the RMA number on the shipping slip EXFO will refuse and return any p...

Page 296: ...Canada Tel 1 418 683 5498 Fax 1 418 683 9224 quebec service exfo com EXFO Europe Service Center Omega Enterprise Park Electron Way Chandlers Ford Hampshire S053 4SE ENGLAND Tel 44 2380 246810 Fax 44 2...

Page 297: ...resolution m Multimode 0 04 to 2 5 Singlemode 0 04 to 5 Multimode 0 04 to 2 5 Singlemode 0 04 to 5 Sampling points Up to 128 000 Up to 256 000 Distance uncertainty m g 0 75 0 0025 x distance sampling...

Page 298: ...i 2 5 2 5 Visual fault locator optional c Laser 650 nm 10 nm CW Pout in 62 5 125 m 1 5 dBm 1 4 mW n a j Reflectance dB c 2 2 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Module FTB 7300E FTB 730 Size H x W x D 97 mm x 25...

Page 299: ...nt has its own symbol Each type of event is represented by a graph of a fiber trace which illustrates the power reflected back toward the source as a function of distance An arrow points to the locati...

Page 300: ...of the events table at a specific event along the trace Span End The Span End of a trace is the event that marks the end of the fiber span By default the Span End is placed on the last event of a tes...

Page 301: ...n the fiber length The fiber end was not detected because the analysis process ended before reaching the end of the fiber The acquisition distance range should therefore be increased to a value greate...

Page 302: ...to get to the end of the fiber The analysis ended before reaching the end of the fiber because the signal to noise ratio was too low The pulse width should therefore be increased so the signal reaches...

Page 303: ...often caused by splices macrobends or microbends in the fiber A loss value is specified for non reflective events There is no reflectance specified for this type of event If you set thresholds the ap...

Page 304: ...quality fusion splices or cracks Normally loss and reflectance values are specified for reflective events When the reflective spike reaches the maximum level its top may be clipped due to the saturati...

Page 305: ...aving different fiber backscatter characteristics backscatter and backscatter capture coefficients A loss value is specified for positive events The loss specified does not indicate the true loss of t...

Page 306: ...s plotted using least square approximation to fit all trace points in the linear area between the first and second detected events The straight line is projected toward the Y axis dB until it crosses...

Page 307: ...e equals the total fiber length Detected events are distinct even if they cover more than one point on the trace A loss value is specified for fiber section events No reflectance is specified for this...

Page 308: ...ubevents composing it Reflective events may indicate the presence of connectors mechanical splices or poor quality fusion splices or cracks Non reflective events may indicate the presence of splices s...

Page 309: ...ugh least square approximation trace points in the linear area following the second event If there were more than two merged events this line would be plotted in the linear area following the last mer...

Page 310: ...false negative results When evaluating event status against thresholds we are faced with two possible conditions All event types are tested reflective non reflective Only some event types are selecte...

Page 311: ...han the sum of the number of sub events of a type multiplied by the threshold value for this event type then the event status is Fail If the event loss is in between since it is not possible to know e...

Page 312: ...the global event loss is less than or equal to the smallest threshold value a value that is tested of course we are sure that the merged event status is Pass Otherwise we cannot know so the status of...

Page 313: ...at status it cannot be set back to Pass or Unknown Whenever an event status is Fail so is the trace status If an event status is Pass the trace status can change from Unknown to Pass If an event statu...

Page 314: ...rd the end connector It is then reflected back to the OTDR The application interprets this new reflection as an echo because of its characteristics reflectance and particular position with respect to...

Page 315: ...ain into the fiber It then reaches the third connector a second time and is reflected once more to the OTDR The application would therefore detect a reflective event located at twice the distance of t...

Page 316: ......

Page 317: ...sis after acquisition analyzing traces 150 application main window 192 application starting 15 Att column in events table 108 205 206 attenuation fiber section 47 243 fiber section threshold 47 243 LS...

Page 318: ...e acquisition 178 decrementation file name 20 72 default trace name 20 72 definition of the OTDR 1 deleting events 138 231 delimiting fiber span 122 239 description of event types 289 detecting module...

Page 319: ...l interface see EUI F Fault finder mode acquiring traces 69 Fault Finder testing 69 fault notification for events 244 fiber attenuation 108 205 206 identifying by name 20 72 177 identifying visually 1...

Page 320: ...r fiber span 128 average splice 128 209 connector 47 243 connector threshold 47 243 cumulative for fiber span 128 209 in events table 108 206 measurement 163 measurement positioning markers 167 modifi...

Page 321: ...04 105 202 pass fail message display 49 pass fail test disabling 48 244 enabling 48 244 when to perform 48 photodetector 5 Pos in event table 205 206 position event 205 206 precision trace 43 product...

Page 322: ...see also laser source function overview 185 span length threshold 47 243 loss threshold 47 243 span end description 290 effect of setting on events table 52 149 216 setting in memory 242 span positio...

Page 323: ...29 acquisition in Fault finder mode 69 acquisition in Template mode 60 analysis 147 211 analysis detection thresholds 144 249 autonaming 20 72 changing default name 20 72 color in trace display 101 co...

Page 324: ...of event 107 205 206 U unchangeable events 132 227 undeletable events 138 231 unit recalibration 274 UPC connectors detecting 150 updating span position 149 213 V view graph 201 linear 102 summary 104...

Page 325: ...363 2006 X Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials used for this part is above the limit requirement in SJ T11363 2006 SJ T11363 2006 Pa...

Page 326: ...MARKING REQUIREMENTS Product Environmental protection use period years Logo This Exfo product EXFO 10 Batterya a a If applicable 5...

Page 327: ...1 Chin Swee Road 03 29 Manhattan House SINGAPORE 169876 Tel 65 6333 8241 Fax 65 6333 8242 EXFO CHINA Room 2711 Trade Center No 4028 Jintian Road Futian District Beijing Global Trade Center Tower C Roo...

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