95
Terminology
pH:
The pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of water. pH < 7 is acidic, pH > 7 is alkaline and pH
of 7 is neutral. As pH increases, water becomes less corrosive but the scaling tendency of some
insoluble salts, such as calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate, increases. Each time you descend a
whole number (for example: from 7.0 to 6.0), the acidity of solution increases by a factor of 10. Thus, a
pH of 6 is 1000 times more acidic than a pH of 9.
The pH Scale
Range
pH
H
+
Concentration
OH
-
Concentration
Substance
Examples
0
1
0.0000000000000
1
1
0.1
0.0000000000001
Battery acid
2
0.01
0.000000000001
Lemon juice
Acid
3
0.001
0.00000000001
Vinegar
4
0.0001
0.0000000001
Orange juice
5
0.00001
0.000000001
Coffee
6
0.000001
0.00000001
Normal rain
water
Neutral
7
0.0000001
0.0000001
Distilled water
8
0.00000001
0.000001
Milk
9
0.000000001
0.00001
Salt brine
10
0.0000000001
0.0001
Baking soda
Alkaline
11
0.0000000000
1
0.001 Milk of
magnesia
12
0.0000000000
01
0.01 Ammonia
13
0.0000000000
001
0.1 Chlorine
bleach
14
0.0000000000
001
1 Lye
Alkalinity (Alk.):
Alkalinity is a measurement of the buffering capability of water with the addition of
acid. With the addition a certain amount of acid, pH can lower dramatically for water with low
alkalinity, but pH only decreases slightly when its alkalinity is high. The main contributors of alkalinity
are carbonate ions, bicarbonate ions, hydroxide ions, and dissolved CO
2
present in water. For most of
waters, bicarbonate (HCO
3
-
) is the dominant contribution to alkalinity. Alkalinity affects both corrosion
and scaling tendencies.
Calcium Hardness (Ca):
Calcium is one of the principle elements making up the earth’s crust.
Calcium normally gets into water when rain water causes calcium carbonate to leach from limestone
deposits in the soil. It is the major contribution to water hardness. Calcium aids in the formation of
soap curds during cleaning and in some instances can form hard scale.
Summary of Contents for CHC Series
Page 1: ...Basics of Service and Troubleshooting ...
Page 36: ...36 ...
Page 37: ...37 ...
Page 77: ...77 Hard Scale from tubes that is hard like Glass ...
Page 82: ...82 6 2 Conductivity Controllers Walchem and LMI ...
Page 83: ...83 ...
Page 84: ...84 ...
Page 101: ...101 6 10 Water Sampling Instructions ...
Page 111: ...111 ...
Page 120: ...120 ...
Page 121: ...121 Eco Water CHC ...
Page 122: ...122 6 15 Electrical Schematics EcoWater CHC ...
Page 123: ...123 CHC EcoWater CHC CHC CHC ...
Page 124: ...124 EcoWater CHC ...
Page 125: ...125 EcoWater CHC ...
Page 126: ...126 EcoWater C HC ...
Page 127: ...127 CHC ...
Page 128: ...128 ...