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Appendix

A -

Network Addressing

A-1

P P E N D I X

ETWORK

DDRESSING

This Appendix is an overview of network addressing and how it applies to

configuring the CDM-570/570L for use in Vipersat Networks. The subjects

covered are:

•

OSI Model

•

Binary Math

•

IP Addressing

•

Network Address Translation

•

Subnets

•

Network Segments

•

Default Gateways

•

MAC Addresses

Summary of Contents for Vipersat CDM-570L

Page 1: ...Vipersat CDM 570 570L Satellite Network Modem Router User Guide Part Number 22125 Revision 2 0 ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...Vipersat CDM 570 570L Version 1 5 3 User Guide May 12 2006 Part number 22125 Document Revision 2 0 Firmware Version 1 5 3 ...

Page 4: ...vision 2 0 Firmware Version 1 5 3 2006 by Comtech VIPERSAT Networks Inc All rights reserved No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without prior written permission of Comtech VIPERSAT Networks Inc All products names and services are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies Printed in the United States of America ...

Page 5: ...hough CVNI has made every effort to verify the content of this document CVNI assumes no responsibility for liability due to errors that may appear in this document Document Revision Date Description Affected Pages Rev 1 0 10 06 05 Initial release of document N A Rev 2 0 5 12 06 Modifications for Firmware version 1 5 3 All ...

Page 6: ... This Page Intentionally Blank ...

Page 7: ...thorization 1 9 Reader Comments Corrections 1 9 Quick Start Configuration Introduction 2 1 Initial Configuration 2 3 Terminal Connection 2 3 Network Role 2 3 Setting Vipersat CDM 570 570L Operating Parameters 2 4 Set the Feature Configuration 2 4 Set the IP Address 2 7 Configure the Route Table 2 8 Routing in a Vipersat Network 2 8 Creating the Routes 2 8 Set the Satellite Modem Configuration 2 10...

Page 8: ...5 Network ID 3 36 Unit Name 3 36 Receive Multicast Address 3 36 Managing IP Address 3 37 Primary Heart Beat 3 37 Home State Revert 3 38 Dynamic Power Control Configuration 3 38 DPC Enabled 3 39 Calibrated Data Rate 3 40 Nominal Power Level 3 40 Max Power 3 40 Min Power 3 40 Max Step Down Power 3 41 Max Step Up Power 3 41 Target EbNo 3 42 Target Range 3 42 Speed Up EbNo 3 42 Target DPC Address 3 43...

Page 9: ...a Rate C 3 DPC Scaling Function C 4 Network Migration General D 1 Firmware Upgrade D 3 Upgrade Overview D 3 Required Support Utilities and Firmware D 3 Basic Steps D 3 Migration Procedure D 4 Getting Information with VLOAD D 4 Upgrade Router to v1 5 3 D 6 Save and Reboot to Latest D 7 Get Information for Router v1 5 3 D 8 Upgrade Base Modem to v1 5 1 D 9 Upgrade Image 1 on Base Modem to v1 4 5 D 9...

Page 10: ...iv Vipersat CDM 570 570L User Guide ...

Page 11: ...h Type prompt 3 19 Figure 3 25 Delete Remote prompt 3 19 Figure 3 26 Enable Disable Remote prompt 3 19 Figure 3 27 View Remote s screen 3 20 Figure 3 28 Remove Timeout prompt 3 20 Figure 3 29 Remove Retry Timeout prompt 3 21 Figure 3 30 STDMA Statistics screen Hub 3 21 Figure 3 31 STDMA Statistics screen Remote 3 22 Figure 3 32 Hub Statistics screen 3 22 Figure 3 33 STDMA SCPC Auto Switching scree...

Page 12: ...way A 11 Figure A 10 Network Node MAC Addresses A 12 Appendix B Figures Figure B 1 Hub autoswitching menu B 5 Figure B 2 Autoswitching menu for a remote B 7 Figure B 3 Load switching diagram B 8 Figure B 4 Application switching diagram B 11 Figure B 5 ECM switch recovery 3 minutes B 15 Figure B 6 ECM switch recovery 3 minutes B 16 Appendix C Figures Figure C 1 DPC Scaling Function C 4 Appendix D F...

Page 13: ...ions described in the CDM 570 570L Installation and Operation Manual Earth station engineers technicians and operators responsible for the configu ration and maintenance of the CDM 570 570L are the intended audience for this document Manual Organization This User Guide is organized into the following sections Chapter 1 General Contains CDM 570 570L product description customer support information ...

Page 14: ...ing response to network traffic load application switching response to traffic type functions and Entry Channel Mode switching functions Appendix C Dynamic Power Control A description of Vipersat s DPC and its relationship to a CDM 570 570L configuration Appendix D Network Migration Procedural instructions on upgrading a network of CDM 570 CDD 564 series modems to firmware version 1 5 3 Convention...

Page 15: ...l The following documents are referenced in this manual and provide supple mentary information for the reader CDM 570 570L Modem Installation and Operation Manual Part Number MN CDM570L IOM Vipersat Management System User Guide Part Number 22156 ...

Page 16: ...ns between Ethernet LAN to WAN networks providing a variety of communications services to Operators Service Providers and Enterprise Users The benefit of this architecture yields seamless bandwidth management on demand while simplifying network capacity needs Modem Features 50 90 MHz or 100 180 MHz IF Range CDM 570 950 1950 MHz IF Range CDM 570L BPSK QPSK OQPSK 8 PSK 8 QAM or 16 QAM Operation Data...

Page 17: ...or and control of the CDM 570 570L modem but more than just an M C package the VMS allows these units to share bandwidth and when needed switch automatically to a dedicated SCPC channel Dynamic SCPC dSCPC The VMS allows for dynamic point to point mesh connections to be established between remotes Traffic inbounds from remotes can be switched manually or automatically application or load triggered ...

Page 18: ...idth to cross the link Normal Web HTTP traffic can be reduced by an additional 10 via IP TCP Header Compression Payload Compression Compressing Payload condenses the size of data frames and reduces the satellite bandwidth required to transmit across the link Configurable on a per route basis Payload Compression optimizes traffic and reduces bandwidth up to 40 Quality of Service The CDM 570 570L su...

Page 19: ...efined QoS queue Burst Fast Acquisition Timing BFAT The BFAT feature provides dramatic reduction in data acquisition times for Vipersat modems operating in STDMA burst mode at low data rates 64 kbps to 256 kbps Preamble size is automatically recalculated and adjusted by the modem for optimum performance This feature can be enabled in modems oper ating at 3 4 QPSK STDMA Slot Quantization Utilizing ...

Page 20: ... in the VMS for each Remote in the network resource recovery is performed on SCPC connections when a communications failure occurs between the VMS and a Remote such as a rain fade condition a Remote unit power down or a hard ware failure Should communications be lost for more than the selected time period the Remote will automatically revert to its Home State settings and the VMS will remove all a...

Page 21: ... Vipersat must have a Return Material Authorization RMA issued prior to return To return a Comtech Vipersat Networks product for repair or replacement Obtain an RMA number from Vipersat Customer Support Be prepared to supply the product model number and serial number of the unit To ensure safe shipping of the product pack the equipment in the original shipping carton Reader Comments Corrections If...

Page 22: ...Customer Support 1 10 Vipersat CDM 570 570L User Guide This Page is Intentionally Blank ...

Page 23: ...ning in the network additional configuration can be performed via the VMS Refer to Chapter 3 Using the Command Line Interface for a detailed descrip tion on the usage of this feature This manual covers the configuration specifics of the CDM 570 570L when used in a Vipersat network Refer to the CDM 570 570L Installation and Oper ation Manual Part Number MN CDM570L IOM for general instruction on set...

Page 24: ...uide Caution Do not connect the TX and RX cables to test equipment without the use of a DC voltage block If BUC or LNB power is disabled through the CLI the setting must be Saved to prevent accidental re enabling during modem reboot or power cycle ...

Page 25: ...port do not use the M C port enter the IP address of the unit The factory default IP address is 192 168 1 1 Config ure the terminal for VT 100 emulation mode Once a terminal connection has been made the CDM 570 570L will respond with a Login prompt The factory defaults are Login comtech Password comtech Once the operator has logged in the Main Menu shown in figure 2 1 is displayed Network Role The...

Page 26: ...ure set Set the Feature Configuration The operating parameters that will be configured in the target CDM 570 570L are in part determined by the role the CDM 570 570L is to fill in the network as shown in table 2 1 and table 2 2 Use the following procedure to configure a CDM 570 570L to the network role it is to fill in a Vipersat network 1 From the Main Menu shown in figure 2 1 select the Administ...

Page 27: ...on screen 3 From the Feature Configuration menu shown in figure 2 3 verify whether or not the Vipersat Feature Codes appear as shown in the figure These codes are entered prior to shipment from the factory however if the unit has been reset the codes will have to be re entered If the feature codes are not displayed in the menu enter F at the command prompt then enter the 3 digit Feature Code follo...

Page 28: ...an be found by entering an I and then an E from the Main Menu shown in figure 2 1 4 After entering the feature and unlock codes return to the Feature Config uration menu shown in figure 2 3 and enter V to toggle the Vipersat Management menu item to Enabled The unit will automatically reboot in order to implement the change for this setting 5 When the reboot is completed return to the Feature Confi...

Page 29: ...ement the change for this setting Figure 2 5 Working Mode dialog Set the IP Address 1 From the Main Menu enter I to access the Interface Configuration menu screen then enter E to access the Ethernet Interface screen 2 Enter I at the command prompt and enter the designated IP address for this unit 3 Save the settings to flash by entering S at the command prompt Table 2 2 CDM 570 570L Network Roles ...

Page 30: ...tic route statements Example The IP address 172 16 0 0 is the private address network number for class B networks If there is a router at the Hub with a connection to the Internet the operator can define the local network as a class B If the operator splits the Class B in half and points the upper half toward the satellite there will be over 16000 usable addresses at the Hub as well as at the Remo...

Page 31: ...the default route will typically point to a router on the same LAN as the CDM 570 570L Hub unit In a Remote configuration the default route will typically point to the satellite modem used for communications back to the Hub 3 When prompted enter the Route Name GW the IP Address the Number of Bits in the subnet mask the Route Interface Ethernet or Sat ellite and the Next Hop address The system admi...

Page 32: ...ettings to flash Set the Satellite Modem Configuration 1 Enter M from the Main Menu then enter C from the Satellite Modem menu to access the Configuration screen 2 Enter T to access the Tx Configuration screen shown in figure 2 7 Set the Tx parameters for Frequency Data Rate FEC Code Rate and Modulation as specified by the network administrator Note that only Turbo Product Coding is acceptable for...

Page 33: ... to set the Expansion Unit value Yes or No When configured as an expansion unit either as a hub switched or as a remote mesh the CDM 570 570L is set up so that the demod is in SCPC mode and available as a resource for dedicated communications with the other end of the satellite link 4 Enter B at the command prompt to set the Network ID The Network ID that is assigned to the unit defines to what ne...

Page 34: ...he Managing IP Address is the IP address of the VMS server 8 Enter H to go to the Home State Configuration menu screen then enter W to set the current configuration as the home state 9 Save the settings to flash by entering S at the command prompt This completes the initial configuration of a CDM 570 570L from the factory default settings to a functioning Vipersat enabled unit Additional configura...

Page 35: ...through either the Console port local RS 232 or the 10 100BaseT Ethernet Traffic port Telnet IP Access via Telnet requires login with password Console access does not require login The screens presented in this document are as they appear when the CDM 570 570L is accessed using Telnet Common Screen Commands The following commands appear on each of the menu screens Save Parameters to Permanent Stor...

Page 36: ...ior to a system reset or power cycle they will be lost Exit To Exit the current menu screen and return to the previous screen in the menu tree enter X at the command prompt Telnet Logout Enter L at the command prompt to Logout of the Telnet session This command appears only when connected via Telnet ...

Page 37: ... if the target CDM 570 570L has had the Vipersat option enabled as described in the section Setting Vipersat CDM 570 570L Operating Parameters on page 2 4 Figure 3 1 Main Menu screen A Vipersat CDM 570 570L is normally shipped with the Vipersat option enabled You can verify the CDM 570 570L configuration by checking that the command line Vipersat Configuration is displayed on the menu as shown in ...

Page 38: ...3 4 Vipersat CDM 570 570L User Guide Figure 3 2 Administration screen Enter an F at the prompt to display the Feature Configuration screen shown in figure 3 3 Feature Configuration Figure 3 3 Feature Configuration screen ...

Page 39: ...wn figure 3 4 and determine which Vipersat features have been purchased for the target CDM 570 570L and are available for use Figure 3 4 Feature and unlock code dialog Similarly unlock codes determine which CDM 570 570L features have been purchased and are available for use on the target CDM 570 570L Tip You may find it more convenient to use the Vipersat Vload utility to manage feature and unlock...

Page 40: ...t be enabled for networks requiring Load or Application switching to SCPC connections Vipersat File Streamer Vipersat File Streamer VPS is an optional feature that allows rapid file trans fers over the satellite network between host PCs that are running the client VPS application To activate the Vipersat File Streaming capabilities of the target Vipersat CDM 570 570L toggle this command to enabled...

Page 41: ...the Vipersat Configuration screen For the Remote modem only the status of the Home State Revert setting is displayed Each of these commands is explained in the following sections STDMA Mode The items in the STDMA menu will vary depending on the function the target CDM 570 570L performs in the network The CDM 570 570L STDMA menu shown in figure 3 6 is from a CDM 570 570L serving as a Hub in the net...

Page 42: ... 6 STDMA screen Hub Dynamic Cycle type Figure 3 7 STDMA screen Remote STDMA This menu item is read only and shows the current state of STDMA in the CDM 570 570L In order to change the STDMA state in the CDM 570 570L refer to the section Feature Configuration on page 3 4 ...

Page 43: ...nteed Information Rate allows assigning a guaranteed data rate to a channel Entry Channel Entry channel mode provides an on demand channel for applications such as a mobile remote Figure 3 8 Hub Type prompt Entering a number from 1 to 5 at the command prompt determines the band width allocation mode for the Hub CDM 570 570L Note If the selected Hub STDMA mode is GIR Guaranteed Information Rate or ...

Page 44: ...namic Cycle mode except there is no maximum limit After all remotes have been assigned slots the burst map is checked to see if the total cycle length exceeds 1 second If not then all requirements are satisfied and the burst map is complete However if the cycle is greater than one second then the slots are adjusted proportionally so that all remotes receive at least their guaranteed rate plus what...

Page 45: ...twork ID number assigned to the CDM 570 570L Note The STDMA group number and the network ID are independent There can be multiple STDMA groups within a single network Figure 3 9 Group ID prompt The target CDM 570 570L group ID can be modified by entering an I at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3 9 Low Data Rate Fast Acquisition This menu item is a toggle used to enable or ...

Page 46: ...is necessary when configuring a Hub that utilizes a burst controller that is a sepa rate device from the TDM modem To change the target address of the TDM outbound for DPC messages for the STDMA controller enter O at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3 11 Figure 3 11 Outbound IP prompt Cycles Per Burst Map This menu item which appears for all Hub types except Dynamic Cycle a...

Page 47: ...new value On Remote units this menu item is an information only display Note Note that the value you enter at the command line in figure 3 13 is in milliseconds The corresponding value expressed in bytes is calculated by the CDM 570 570L based on the STDMA transmit bit rate as shown in the menu in figure 3 6 Slot Preamble Length This menu item displays the current slot preamble size in milli secon...

Page 48: ... that is defined for the modem the appearance of this parameter will vary Fixed Slot Data Length Dynamic Slot Nominal Data Length Minimum Data Length Dynamic Cycle Maximum Data Length Minimum Data Length ECM GIR Minimum Data Length On a Hub unit entering B and M at the command prompt brings up the dialogs for specifying the data length in milli seconds for the target CDM 570 570L as shown in figur...

Page 49: ...n the STDMA screen when the Unit Role is Hub From a Hub CDM 570 570L entering R at the command prompt displays the STDMA Remotes Menu Figure 3 16 STDMA Remotes Menu screen The menu shown in figure 3 16 is used to define and make modifications to the Remotes that belong to the STDMA group for the Hub modem as well as to display each Remote s burstmap status information Adding a Remote to the STDMA ...

Page 50: ...that the Hub has removed this remote from the burstmap due to a communications fault D Disabled This Remote is currently disabled and is not in the burstmap This status will be displayed when a remote is manually disabled by the operator or administrator S Switched This Remote is currently switched into SCPC mode When displayed this status indicates that the VMS has automatically switched the remo...

Page 51: ...Entering P at the STDMA Remotes Menu command prompt displays the Remote Policies screens shown in either figure 3 19 GIR Hub or figure 3 21 Entry Channel Hub Figure 3 19 STDMA Remote Policies screen GIR Hub Entering the Remote number at the command prompt in figure 3 19 allows the Guaranteed Information Rate and the Automatic Load Switch Rate for that Remote to be set as shown in figure 3 20 Note ...

Page 52: ...ote to be set as shown in figure 3 22 Switch type 0 corresponds to Load Switching switch types 64 through 255 are user defined and must match VMS policies Figure 3 22 Remote SCPC Data Rate and Switch Type prompt The Global SCPC Rate command can be used to set the data rate for all or a majority of the Remotes This allows the rate to be entered just once instead of entering the rate for each remote...

Page 53: ...for this Hub modem Enable Disable Remote Enter E at the command prompt in figure 3 16 to display the dialog shown in figure 3 26 The Remotes in the STDMA group are displayed indicating whether each is currently Enabled E or Disabled Figure 3 26 Enable Disable Remote prompt Enter the number of the Remote at the command prompt to toggle the Remote from its current Enable Disable configuration View R...

Page 54: ...he value entered at the command prompt in figure 3 28 defines the amount of time in seconds with no communication from a Remote to the Hub before that Remote is removed from the Burstmap This feature is useful for example in an SNG application where a mobile remote has finished its assignment and has shut down If communications are lost for this period of time the Remote is removed from the STDMA ...

Page 55: ...n to the satellite network STDMA Statistics Entering V at the command prompt on the STDMA screen displays the STDMA Statistics as shown in either figure 3 30 Hub or figure 3 31 Remote These screens provide information for the number of Bursts Remote only number of Burst Maps and the current STDMA Cycle Length Because the Remote modem bursts back to the Hub once every cycle the number of Bursts dis...

Page 56: ...cs screen The Burst Controller monitors statistics in the received ACK from each Remote The statistics report the fill status of the STDMA buffers The Burst Controller builds a table of the group and calculates the relative buffer fill for each Remote It then calculates the length of the Data Slot for each Remote based on the Mini mum Slot Size plus a percentage of the Available Bandwidth Idle rem...

Page 57: ...e and Video RTP ToS and QoS Note Care must be taken when configuring the Auto Switching features of the Vipersat system to ensure that there is no duplication or overlap of switching functions between Application ToS and QoS for a particular traffic flow Only one of these switching meth ods should be utilized for any one flow requirement The functions available for configuring the switching operat...

Page 58: ...a Hub in the network this item will always read Continuous as shown in figure 3 33 If the CDM 570 570L is functioning as a Remote in the network and STDMA is enabled on the target CDM 570 570L this item will show STDMA Burst as shown in figure 3 34 Tip This menu item is useful for determining whether a Remote modem is currently operating in STDMA or SCPC mode Voice Video Application Switching One ...

Page 59: ...SCPC connection when an SIP and or H 323 voice call is made over the satellite network Entering O at the command prompt toggles the Voice Switch Detection command for the CDM 570 570L between Enabled and Disabled When enabled a voice data stream will be detected causing the CDM 570 570L to send a switch request to the VMS to switch from STDMA to SCPC mode Video Switch Detection This menu item appe...

Page 60: ... network packets are classified by the Remote CDM 570 570L using protocol classification detection and the results are forwarded to VMS via VESP Vipersat External Switching Protocol or in legacy VMS systems via an ASR Automatic Switch Request message The VMS switch detector service then applies the required or requested bandwidth using policies which have been pre configured in the VMS Refer to th...

Page 61: ... Vipersat CDM 570 570L is capable of performing automatic switching based on the QoS rules for a Remote modem QoS rules can be assigned to different flow types that are user defined by any combination of traffic type protocol FTP UDP RTP etc source destination IP specific or range and or Layer 3 source destination port The Vipersat QoS Switching feature is designed to manage single specific sessio...

Page 62: ...oS Rules Configuration screen Configure the desired number of rules that are necessary for the applications to be used for this network Refer to the CDM 570 570L Installation and Opera tion Manual for details on configuring QoS Rules for the CDM 570 570L Configure QoS Rules Based Switching Enter V at the command prompt in figure 3 35 to access the QoS Rules Based Switching screen for the Remote mo...

Page 63: ...etween Enabled and Disabled Load Switching One of the four automatic switching functions that the Vipersat CDM 570 570L is able to perform is Load Switching The system will detect variations in data rate and can be configured to switch from STDMA to SCPC based on band width requirements The initial switch for a Remote CDM 570 570L from STDMA mode to SCPC mode is determined by the Hub Burst Control...

Page 64: ... to the VMS to switch the Remote from STDMA mode to SCPC mode Typically the default settings will be optimum but there may be unique network configurations that require modifying the STDMA slot capacity value To change this setting enter U at the command prompt in figure 3 33 to display the screen shown in figure 3 38 Figure 3 38 STDMA Slot Capacity prompt STDMA Switch Delay This menu item appears...

Page 65: ... efficient bandwidth utilization To change this setting enter E at the command prompt in figure 3 33 to display the screen shown in figure 3 40 Figure 3 40 Percent Allocation prompt SCPC Step Up Threshold This menu item appears for the Remote modem only The SCPC Step Up Threshold establishes the percentage of bandwidth use that will trigger a switch up from the present SCPC rate to a higher rate t...

Page 66: ...nds is provided but this parameter can be modified by entering W at the command prompt in figure 3 34 SCPC Step Up Excess This menu item appears for the Remote modem only During each SCPC Step Up switch the excess capacity data rate value entered by this command is added to the new SCPC data rate This excess is added each time an SCPC Step Up switch occurs This setting makes additional bandwidth a...

Page 67: ...range checked values as shown in the sample dialog in figure 3 42 that displays the entries for TOS 03 Figure 3 42 ToS Switching Entry dialog Enter Name for TOS ID At the prompt enter a user defined text label for circuit identification Enter the TOS ID Enter an integer value in the range of 1 to 63 Entering a value of 0 will result in no switch Enter the Switch Type Enter an integer value in the ...

Page 68: ...ies are from 1 to 60 seconds After entering the timeout value pressing the Enter key will update the TOS Switching Control menu with the changes Delete Enter D at the command prompt in figure 3 41 to Delete a ToS entry as shown in figure 3 43 Figure 3 43 ToS Delete prompt Note The value shown in the TOS Value column is the TOS ID associ ated with the ToS entry to be deleted View Entering a V at th...

Page 69: ...ll receive from the VMS Expansion Unit The Expansion Unit menu item in the Vipersat Configuration screen figure 3 5 defines whether the target CDM 570 570L is to function as an Expansion Unit the demod configured to operate in SCPC mode or not Enter ing E at the command prompt will display the dialog shown in figure 3 46 Figure 3 46 Expansion Unit prompt The VMS uses this data when monitoring and ...

Page 70: ...wn unique Network ID number Unit Name The Unit Name command in the Vipersat Configuration screen figure 3 5 is used to assign a name to the target CDM 570 570L Enter N at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3 48 Any name up to 16 charac ters can be entered for the unit Figure 3 48 Unit Name prompt This name is displayed by the VMS and identifies the unit in the graphical netwo...

Page 71: ...ddress command in the Vipersat Configuration screen figure 3 5 allows the IP address for the server running VMS to be entered Enter I at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3 50 Figure 3 50 Managing IP address menu If available this is the IP address to which the CDM 570 570L sends a unicast registration request every 60 seconds when requesting initial registration on the VMS ...

Page 72: ...ause this feature is configured in the VMS the status Enabled or Disabled appears as an information only display in the Vipersat Configuration menu figure 3 5 Dynamic Power Control Configuration Dynamic Power Control DPC is a Vipersat feature that acts to regulate the transmit power of the Vipersat satellite modem such that the specified receive signal level Eb No is met for the receiving Vipersat...

Page 73: ...ng from this modulator and that there is a working communi cations channel from that receiving station back to the modulator terminal inband communications Additionally since DPC controls potentially the full power range of the modulator s output power it is recommended that the termi nal be commissioned and calibrated before usage DPC Enabled The DPC Enabled command enter E is a toggle that allow...

Page 74: ...l permitted for the modulator s based on link satellite parameters can be configured This is the value set by the Max Power command in the DPC Configuration menu Enter A at the command prompt to display the Max Power dialog shown in figure 3 53 Figure 3 53 Maximum Power Level prompt CDM 570L If more than one modulator is used at this location that must also be taken into consideration and applied ...

Page 75: ...hieve the target set point The default value for this parameter is 3 dB Enter D at the command prompt to display the Max Step Down Power dialog shown in figure 3 55 Figure 3 55 Maximum Step Down Power prompt Max Step Up Power The Maximum Step Up Power value sets the largest step increase in transmit power permitted when the DPC is adjusting the power upward to achieve the target set point The defa...

Page 76: ...sets the range on either side of the Target EbNo value plus or minus where the received level at the demodulator is acceptable and no adjustment to the output power of the transmitting terminal is necessary Enter R at the command prompt in the DPC Configuration screen to display the Target Range dialog shown in figure 3 58 The default value for this param eter is 0 2 dB Figure 3 58 Target Range pr...

Page 77: ... is sent out to all STDMA Remotes via the Burst Map and the DPC Target for these Remotes is automatically mapped to that address When operat ing in a dedicated SCPC mode the Remote s Target DPC Address is configured manually with this command Enter 1 at the command prompt to display the Target DPC Address dialog shown in figure 3 60 Figure 3 60 Target DPC Address prompt The STDMA Burst Controller ...

Page 78: ...as found in the Tx Configuration and the Rx Configuration screens that are in the Satellite Modem Configuration menu Set Current Configuration as Home State This command sets the CDM 570 570L s current configuration as its Home State settings Assuming the modem has been properly configured using the Satellite Modem Configuration menu Tx and Rx parameters and the Feature Configuration menu Vipersat...

Page 79: ...med before it is executed Figure 3 62 Force Modem to Home State warning STDMA State This command enter T toggles the setting of STDMA in the target CDM 570 570L s home state between Enabled and Disabled This is the same feature that is set from the Feature Configuration menu screen shown in figure 3 3 Transmit Frequency Enter A at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in figure 3 63 to set th...

Page 80: ...in Figure 3 65 to enter the FEC Coding Type for the CDM 570 570L s home state Turbo must be selected when operating in Vipersat mode Figure 3 65 Transmit FEC Type prompt Transmit Coding Rate Enter D at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in figure 3 66 to set the Transmit Coding Rate for the target CDM 570 570L s home state Note that Coding Rates 3 1 2 4 2 3 and 8 1 1 are not valid selectio...

Page 81: ...o use the dialog shown in Figure 3 68 to set the Transmit Power Level for the target CDM 570 570L s home state Figure 3 68 Transmit Power Level prompt Transmit Enable The modem transmitter can be Enabled or Disabled with this command Enter G at the command prompt to toggle the Transmit Enable for the target CDM 570 570L s home state between On and Off Receive Frequency Enter M at the command promp...

Page 82: ...s home state Figure 3 70 Receive Data Rate prompt Note that the valid range for this parameter will vary depending on the modula tion type coding rate and FAST feature data rate Receive FEC Type Enter O at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in figure 3 71 to set the Receive FEC Type for the target CDM 570 570L s home state Turbo must be selected when operating in Vipersat mode Figure 3 71 ...

Page 83: ...g in Vipersat mode with Turbo Product Coding Receive Modulation Type Enter Q at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3 73 to set the Receive Modulation Type for the target CDM 570 570L s home state Figure 3 73 Receive Modulation Type prompt Vipersat Summary The Vipersat Summary screen can be viewed by entering D at the command prompt in the Vipersat Configuration screen figure 3 5 ...

Page 84: ...C target entry is the IP address of the modulator that is to receive the DPC messages from this unit The Primary Heart Beat Interval represents the time period between the communication check message that is sent from the primary Hub modem to the VMS in an N M redundancy configuration This interval is specified in the VMS Vipersat Migration The Vipersat Migration command is used to set the compati...

Page 85: ...ing the Command Line Interface CLI 3 51 Vipersat Configuration Figure 3 75 Vipersat Migration prompt Refer to Appendix D Firmware Installation in this document for additional information on the use of this command ...

Page 86: ...Vipersat Configuration 3 52 Vipersat CDM 570 570L User Guide This Page is Intentionally Blank ...

Page 87: ...is Appendix is an overview of network addressing and how it applies to configuring the CDM 570 570L for use in Vipersat Networks The subjects covered are OSI Model Binary Math IP Addressing Network Address Translation Subnets Network Segments Default Gateways MAC Addresses ...

Page 88: ...r s functional grouping Each layer as defined by the OSI model is only aware of the layers directly above and below it Layers 1 3 Layer 1 Physical Layer 1 defines the physical means by which actual bits are sent and received This layer for example is where connectors cable lengths and signaling specifications are defined Layer 2 Data Link Layer 2 consist of two sub layers Logical Link Control LLC ...

Page 89: ... The OSI Reference Model Layer 3 Network Layer Layer 3 is responsible for routing packets through multiple networks The Layer 3 protocol operates without regard to the underly ing protocols in use For example routers operate at Layer 3 ...

Page 90: ...re A 3 The conversion chart also shows the decimal equivalent of the binary number Figure A 3 Binary to Decimal Conversion Bits containing a 1 in Figure A 3 determine which decimal values should be added These decimal values when added together determine the decimal equivalent for the binary number This is an example of changing a number expressed in binary base 2 to its decimal equivalent base 10...

Page 91: ...Appendix A Network Addressing A 5 Binary Math The conversion to decimal is done whenever binary values need to be read or entered by humans as their decimal equivalents ...

Page 92: ...188 201 Network ID In this example the 128 121 portion of the IP address defines the network that a host belongs to and is equivalent to a street name in a mailing address Host ID The 188 201 portion of the IP address specifies a unique number assigned to the host on the network and is equivalent to a house number in a mailing address IP Address Classes IP addresses are assigned to classes accordi...

Page 93: ...ts Class E 240 0 0 0 to 255 255 255 255 Reserved for experimental use and limited broadcast CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C 2 097 152 16 384 126 Networks Available 192 223 x y z 128 191 x y z 1 126 x y z 1st Octet Decimal Range 254 110 Class C 65 534 10 Class B 16 777 214 0 Class A Hosts Available High Order Bits Address Class 2 097 152 16 384 126 Networks Available 192 223 x y z 128 191 x y z 1 126 x y z...

Page 94: ...t information from the Internet on behalf of the private IP addressed devices on the associated private network Figure A 5 NAT Router Example This use of private addresses helps to conserve public IP addresses Subnets Subnets can be defined as the further segmentation of the InterNIC assigned Network ID IP address The amount and type of subnetting performed by the organization is determined by the...

Page 95: ...Boolean math operator and in a process called anding Anding compares each bit value in the IP address with the bit value in the subnet mask The result of the anding process determines which subnet the IP address is on The Boolean and operator works as follows 0 and 0 0 1 and 0 0 1 and 1 1 The table shown in Figure A 7 shows the anding of two binary values and the corresponding decimal equivalents ...

Page 96: ...fferent subnet For example if you have a single IP address available you can change the default mask from 255 255 255 0 to 255 255 255 192 The resulting calcula tion yields four subnets 192 168 100 0 192 168 100 64 192 168 100 128 192 168 100 192 ANDing Result Subnet Mask IP Address 11000000 10101000 00000010 00000000 192 168 2 0 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255 255 255 0 11000000 10101000 ...

Page 97: ...he devices on the local network providing them with a location to send data that is destined for another segment Figure A 9 Router as Default Gateway MAC Addresses A MAC address is a physical hardware address that gets assigned to the inter face of a networking device This address is typically created and burned into a device s ROM during the manufacturing process MAC addresses are unique to the d...

Page 98: ... A 12 Vipersat CDM 570 570L User Guide The first six characters are issued to the organization The second six characters are assigned to the hardware interface by manufacturing Figure A 10 Network Node MAC Addresses ...

Page 99: ... switching in a Vipersat system VMS network management and CDM Comtech Data Modem The VMS compo nent receives switch requests from the CDM and based on policy settings and available resources either grants or denies the request Within the CDM compo nent load switching is managed at either the Hub or the Remote based on the current mode of operation When a remote is in STDMA mode load switching for...

Page 100: ... mode the remote is switched to SCPC as soon as the GIR threshold is reached if there is a switch rate defined In Entry Channel mode the remote is switched to SCPC as soon as the hub receives the first transmission from the remote Load Switching The next sections describe the principles behind Load Switching and Rate Adjustment Step Up Step Down Bandwidth Allocation and Load Switching by the STDMA...

Page 101: ... overload condition lasts long enough buffer capacity will eventually be exceeded and some data may have to be discarded Note This is not necessarily bad as it is often more effective to discard old data than transmit it after it has become stale The Bytes in Queue metric is used to determine the STDMA bandwidth allo cated slot size for the next cycle the goal being to keep the data backlog to zer...

Page 102: ... based on the assumption that remotes that have been assigned a GIR are paying a premium and should benefit from available excess bandwidth when needed Note that the GIR allocations are restricted so that the assigned GIR totals cannot exceed available bandwidth If this restriction is somehow violated then it will not be possible to properly allocate bandwidth when the network is overloaded Entry ...

Page 103: ...itutes X will also vary from cycle to cycle Furthermore since the D2 allocation algorithm tends to provide no more bandwidth than is needed remotes operating in this mode will normally appear to be near 100 capacity whenever they are passing real traffic Thus in this mode if the threshold is set too low switches will occur unnecessarily STDMA Switch Delay This is a built in latency that forces a r...

Page 104: ...if the threshold is still exceeded a switch is initiated The data rate speci fied for the switch is determined by taking the current load as indicated by the bytes queued during the delay period multiplying it by the percent allocation and rounding up to the next 16Kbps A key point is that in most of the STDMA modes the bandwidth allocated to each remote is constantly being adjusted to the needs o...

Page 105: ...etermine if bandwidth utilization warrants a need for change The user defines both a Step Up and Step Down threshold in terms of percent utilization a bandwidth margin value and a latency or averaging period Once per second the CDM router software determines the current percent utilization by dividing the bits transmitted by the current transmit data rate If the percent utilization exceeds the ste...

Page 106: ...capabilities for each of the sites in the network and the policies set in VMS The elements for determining policies and their interactions are discussed in this section Table B 4 Figure B 3 Load switching diagram A load switch is illustrated in figure B 3 using the following process 1 A load is generated an application at a remote In figure B 3 the application is a video stream 2 The data is conne...

Page 107: ...ed for is that about 90 utilization of the channel be achieved striving to optimize the use of available bandwidth In the case where the remote CDM 570 570L continues to report buffer overflow the STDMA Hub Controller will send a request to the VMS which in turn will attempt to double the carrier bandwidth for that channel The ability to actually accomplish this is limited by the currently availab...

Page 108: ...cess is automatic following the policies established for the network The network is dynamically modified changing configuration to auto matically respond to changes to the network s load The home threshold is the bit rate set to trigger a return to the home threshold This function is used when bandwidth has been allocated to meet load require ments and the load has been either removed or partially...

Page 109: ...tion switching the remote site modem router looks for a packet in the data stream coming from the LAN that is configured using the H 323 stack protocol and contains an H 225 signaling protocol In the illustration shown in Figure B 4 the signal is a call initiated at the remote site The packet is then examined to determine the port number then from the allo cated port ranges determines the type of ...

Page 110: ...is Video When both VoIP and Video are requested the bandwidth required for the Video is used and the VoIP which has priority shares the SCPC with the Video Once VMS receives the request to switch it determines if there is a free demod ulator and if there is bandwidth space available to handle the requested applica tion If the resources are available the VMS then performs the switch Applications ar...

Page 111: ...ols H 323 SIP Data RTP being routed through the CDM 570 570L After connection detection the process waits for data RTP Data is normally sent after the receiving party answers which then triggers the system to process an ASR Using the ToS classification detection function allows application based switching in encrypted networks where the signaling protocols are encrypted or effectively hidden ToS a...

Page 112: ...bsence of customer traffic Once in ECM the switched initial data rate becomes the new temporary home state Temporary home state sets the low limit data load threshold where the remote will stop sending load switch request commands Remotes no longer require burst maps to maintain SCPC transmission After all remotes are processed into ECM the Burst Controller drops into sanity mode sending a keep al...

Page 113: ...e scenarios caused the communications outage the VMS will not free the bandwidth slot except through operator intervention Figure B 5 and figure B 5 diagram the time state differences and the process of recovery Note that the times referenced in the diagrams are approximate Table B 7 Figure B 5 ECM switch recovery 3 minutes Unit Reboot 0 Burst Demod Switched Demod VMS Remote State Connected 0 Home...

Page 114: ...t ACK 240 Satellite Delay 250ms 30ms E E State Disconnected 180 Failure No Communications 180 28 No Communications 189 35 Switch Command ECM Registration Acknowledgment Failure 189 Revert Switch Command 189 05 Failure 240 28 240 9 State Connected Switch Command ECM Switch Acknowledgment Process Switch Command 240 61 Switch Acknowledgment PLDM 240 62 240 33 ECM Switch Recovery 3min 3 7 05 Revert Ac...

Page 115: ...oint to multipoint links DPC relies on the passing of an IP message called Path Loss Data Multicast PLDM between the receive site where the receive quality is being measured and the transmit site where the power level is to be adjusted PLDM s are IP unicast messages and only the transmit site whose frequency and Network ID number matches that contained in the PLDM message will act on the message T...

Page 116: ...ation using meshed video carriers DPC is a modulator function that cannot be enabled in remotes operating in STDMA mode DPC is automatically turned on when the remote switches to SCPC mode Description Operation of the DPC algorithm is controlled by the parameters shown in table C 1 below Table C 1 Dynamic Power Control Parameters Parameter Default Significance Nominal Power Level 25 to 5 dBm Power...

Page 117: ...nsmitting Consider for example a system that normally runs at a data rate of 512 kbps with a Nominal Power Level of 10 dBm and a Maximum Power Level of 5 dBm If a voice switch occurs that sets the data rate to 32 kbps the power requirements are much lower than the nominal 10 dBm level With the above process it is theoretically possible for the power to be raised all the way to 5 dBm which is past ...

Page 118: ...minal Power Level Maximum Power Level As determined during initial system turn up the Calibrated Data Rate and the Calibrated Nominal Power Level values for the CDM are entered into the VMS Home State menu The Maximum Power Level the point at which the signal reaches saturation for the Calibrated Data Rate is then determined and entered into the VMS DPC menu or the CLI Dynamic Power Control Config...

Page 119: ...fferent data rate and will calculate a nominal power level for the transmitter Communication is estab lished data starts to flow and the modulator begins receiving DPC packets from the demodulator and adjusting its transmit power level accordingly When changing its power the CDM will calculate a scaled maximum power based on its current data rate and certain other values in the home state This cal...

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Page 121: ...To provide a considerable increase in perfor mance and reliability the HDLC over the air frame was changed from 16 to 24 bit Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC By doing so backward compatibility with all previous versions has been broken Customers with existing networks will need to carefully plan the migration to the new version of code There is no particular problem presented for upgrading Hub units Re...

Page 122: ...wever when the migration parameter is set in the TDM outbound and the appropriate Burst Controller s communications with v1 5 2 or earlier straggler offline Remotes will be restored At this point they can be upgraded to v1 5 3 restoring total network wide communications This will represent a network outage to all Remotes connected to the TDM outbound In networks with a DVB outbound only those Remo...

Page 123: ...Program FW10805P bin Base Modem Firmware v1 4 5 If upgrading from v1 3 3 FW10805U bin Base Modem Firmware v1 5 1 FW10875J bin IP Option Firmware v1 5 3 CDM 570 570L FW11669D bin Unit Firmware v1 5 3 CDD 564 564L Basic Steps The Vipersat CDM 570 CDD 564 series of modems are comprised of two main parts the Base Modem and the Router Card These two parts function with different firmware code each of w...

Page 124: ...1 5 1 modem code to Oldest replacing the older image in the other location 8 Load v1 5 3 router firmware to the Oldest Bulk Image Figure D 1 Firmware Migration Stages Migration Procedure Getting Information with VLOAD The first step in getting information is to discover the units in the network Do this by performing an Add All as shown in the figures below ...

Page 125: ...Upgrade Figure D 2 Initial Vload screen Figure D 3 Add All dialog Note that the Receive Multicast Address is the same as the Transmit Multicast Address for the VMS This IP address can be found under the VMS ViperView tree view Vipersat Manager ...

Page 126: ...seful if loading 1 or 2 units but very slow for loading networks 2 Concurrent Vload will download all selected IP addresses simultaneously Useful if loading multiple units over a Local Area Network or installed networks with large TDM or DVB Outbound Carriers Take care not to over run the outbound TDM transmission rate 3 CodeCast Vload will multicast to all selected IP addresses The units must all...

Page 127: ... Put Application screen Consecutive Load Save and Reboot to Latest Using either VMS or CLI Save each unit to flash and reboot with Hard Reset to Latest Figure D 6 Hard Reset screen Note that all other parameters are set to defaults and do not require any changes ...

Page 128: ...sion 1 5 3 code the configuration files did not include all modem parameters or any Out Door Unit ODU parameters These parameters are stored in 2 lines in the configuration file If they are not saved the modem will go to the default settings causing the BUC and LNB to turn Off As a result the Remote will be lost when the modem firmware is updated Select Configuration in mode selection and Get Conf...

Page 129: ...1 5 1 The Base Modem upgrades have to be done in 2 steps This is necessary because the memory map changed with the v1 4 x firmware and v1 3 3 is not capable of writing directly to v1 5 x firmware Upgrade Image 1 on Base Modem to v1 4 5 Select Base Modem under Mode Selection then click Browse Two files named FW10805 will appear Select the file name that ends with P this is the v1 4 5 firmware file ...

Page 130: ...1 and that the Base Modem Current Image Image 1 Which image this is will depend on which image was running in the modem it will automatically select the offline image to upgrade Figure D 12 Unit Information screen Base Modem Image 1 Browse for the v1 5 1 Base Modem firmware The file name is FW10805U If the file can not be found it can be downloaded from the Comtech EF Data web site http www comtec...

Page 131: ...at the current Base Modem image is Image 2 which is v1 5 1 firmware Figure D 14 Unit Information screen Base Modem Image 2 Repeat the Download procedure for the Base Modem v1 5 1 firmware file but do not perform a Hard Reset it is not necessary to reboot the modem again This will insure that the v1 5 1 firmware is in both images in the Base Modem as shown in figure D 15 ...

Page 132: ...Comtech Vipersat if additional features are required The final get Information should look like the one displayed below Figure D 16 Unit Information screen final status Completing Migration Picking Up Straggler Offline Remotes Ideally all Remote units will be online during the migration phase However in a live network this cannot be guaranteed Therefore Vipersat provides a way to temporarily rever...

Page 133: ...hat is the case it is suggested that BFAT be disabled and that the STDMA Preamble be increased This will allow restora tion of communications to all Remotes with reduced performance Once the straggler Remote s have v1 5 1 modem code loaded BFAT can be re enabled The appropriate Preamble length will be reset automatically when BFAT is running Setting v1 5 2 Compatibility in Hub Modems Telnet into t...

Page 134: ...creen The Vipersat Migration Parameter M is available only on Hub non expansion units Figure D 19 Vipersat Migration prompt Select O to set the old framing mode to v1 5 2 or earlier This parameter must be set in both outbound and inbound units to properly transmit receive to from Remote units ...

Page 135: ...ggler Remotes will now frame on the TDM outbound signal The asso ciated Burst Controller s will frame on the inbound signals from these Remotes ONLY Download the v1 5 3 Router firmware and Reset the straggler Remotes Return the network to N 1 5 3 compatibility ...

Page 136: ...Firmware Upgrade D 16 Vipersat CDM 570 570L User Guide This Page is Intentionally Blank ...

Page 137: ...Resolution Protocol A protocol for a LAN device to determine the MAC address of a locally connected device given its IP address See also MAC ASR Automatic Switch Request is a switch request message used in legacy VMS installations ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM B BER Bit Error Rate sometimes Ratio A measure of the number of data bits received incorrectly compared to the total number of bits tr...

Page 138: ...ormation may be carried D DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access A process whereby communications links are only activated when there is an actual demand dBm Decibel referenced to 1 milliwatt DHCP The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP is an Internet protocol for automating the configuration of computers that use TCP IP DNA Dynamic Node Announcement In VIPERSAT satellite networks a process whe...

Page 139: ...te by each being allocated a distinct frequency for operation See also TDMA FEC Forward Error Correction A process whereby data being transmitted over a communications link can have error correction bits added which may be used at the receiving end to determine correct any transmission errors which may occur FIFO First In First Out A simple buffer or queue technique whereby data queued the longest...

Page 140: ...wer level prior to transmission to satellite See also SSPA HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol The Internet standard for World Wide Web WWW operation Hub The central site of a network which links to a number of satellite earth sites I ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol Installation Wizard A program which guides the user through the process of installing an applica tion IF Intermediate Frequency ...

Page 141: ... with very low noise temperature used as the first amplifier in the receive chain of a satellite system LNB Low Noise Block A downconvertor so called because it converts a whole band or block of frequencies to a lower band It is similar to LNA LNC Low Noise Converter A combined low noise amplifier and block down converter usually with an L band typically 950 1450MHz IF LO Local Oscillator M M C Mo...

Page 142: ...n the antenna structure itself and are thus referred to as an ODU OSPF Open Shortest Path First A common routing algorithm P PLDM Path Loss Data Multicast message is sent every sixty seconds and contains information on messages received or lost POP3 Post Office Protocol 3 A protocol for exchanging e mail messages between host computers See also SMTP PMUX Port Multiplexing Each port of the SDMS is ...

Page 143: ...stination SDMS Star Data Management System VIPERSAT equipment forming the heart of the VIPERSAT system SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol A protocol for exchanging e mail messages between host computers See also POP3 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol A protocol defining how devices from different vendors may be managed using a common network management system SPL Synchronous Party Line An el...

Page 144: ... time slots allocated on usage TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol A simple file transfer protocol used over reli able transmission paths See also FTP TPI TransParent Interface As a message arrives at its destination the SDMS II decodes the token and forwards the data to a port known as TPI Tx Transmit U UDP User Datagram Protocol A standard for networking over reliable transmission paths UDP Mult...

Page 145: ...Appendix E Glossary E 9 W Wizard A specialized program which performs a specific function such as installing an application installation wizard ...

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