AT90S/LS4434 and AT90S/LS8535
67
ADC Data Register – ADCL AND ADCH
When an ADC conversion is complete, the result is found in these two registers.
When ADCL is read, the ADC Data Register is not updated until ADCH is read. Consequently, it is essential that both reg-
isters are read and that ADCL is read before ADCH.
•
ADC9..0: ADC Conversion result
These bits represent the result from the conversion. $000 represents analog ground and $3FF represents the selected
reference voltage minus one LSB.
Scanning Multiple Channels
Since change of analog channel always is delayed until a conversion is finished, the Free Running Mode can be used to
scan multiple channels without interrupting the converter. Typically, the ADC Conversion Complete interrupt will be used to
perform the channel shift. However, the user should take the following fact into consideration: The interrupt triggers once
the result is ready to be read. In Free Running Mode, the next conversion will start immediately when the interrupt triggers.
If ADMUX is changed after the interrupt triggers, the next conversion has already started and the old setting is used.
ADC Noise Canceling Techniques
Digital circuitry inside and outside the AT90S4434/8535 generates EMI that might affect the accuracy of analog measure-
ments. If conversion accuracy is critical, the noise level can be reduced by applying the following techniques:
1.
The analog part of the AT90S4434/8535 and all analog components in the application should have a separate
analog ground plane on the PCB. This ground plane is connected to the digital ground plane via a single point on
the PCB.
2.
Keep analog signal paths as short as possible. Make sure analog tracks run over the analog ground plane and keep
them well away from high-speed switching digital tracks.
3.
The AV
CC
pin on the AT90S4434/8535 should be connected to the digital V
CC
supply voltage via an LC network as
shown in Figure 50.
4.
Use the ADC noise canceler function to reduce induced noise from the CPU.
5.
If some Port A pins are used as digital outputs, it is essential that these do not switch while a conversion is in
progress.
Bit
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
$05 ($25)
–
–
–
–
–
–
ADC9
ADC8
ADCH
$04 ($24)
ADC7
ADC6
ADC5
ADC4
ADC3
ADC2
ADC1
ADC0
ADCL
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Read/Write
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Initial value
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0