Arcteq AQ-F215 Instruction Manual Download

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Harmonics can be caused by different sources in electric networks such as electric machine drives,

thyristor controls, etc. The function's monitoring of the currents can be used to alarm of the harmonic

content rising too high; this can occur when there is an electric quality requirement in the protected

unit, or when the harmonics generated by the process need to be monitored.

The function constantly measures the phase and residual current magnitudes as well as the harmonic
content of the monitored signals up to the 31

harmonic component. When the function is activated,

the measurements are also available for the mimic and the measurement views in the HMI carousel.

The user can also set the alarming limits for each measured channel if the application so requires.

The monitoring of the measured signals can be selected to be based either on an amplitude ratio or on

the above-mentioned power ratio. The difference is in the calculation formula (as shown below):

Figure. 5.5.5 - 246. THD calculation formulas.

While both of these formulas exist, the power ratio (

THD

) is recognized by the IEEE, and the amplitude

ratio (

THD

) is recognized by the IEC.

The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function

during normal operation, i.e. the user or user-defined logic can change function parameters while the

function is running. This only applies if the alarming is activated.

The outputs of the function are the START and ALARM ACT signals for the phase current ("THDPH")

and the residual currents ("THDI01" and "THDI02") as well as BLOCKED signals. The function uses a

total of eight (8) separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source.

The operational logic consists of the following:

• input magnitude processing
• threshold comparator
• block signal chec
• time delay characteristics
• output processing.

The inputs of the function are the following:

• setting parameters
• digital inputs and logic signals
• measured and pre-processed current magnitudes

The function outputs can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function

generates general time-stamped ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the seven

(7) output signals. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms. The function also provides a resettable

cumulative counter for the START, ALARM ACT and BLOCKED events.

The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the total harmonic distortion

monitor function.

Q-F215

-F215

Instruction manual

Version: 2.04

385

Summary of Contents for AQ-F215

Page 1: ...AQ F215 Feeder protection IED Instruction manual ...

Page 2: ... protection Idir 67 112 5 3 5 Directional earth fault protection I0dir 67N 32N 120 5 3 6 Intermittent earth fault protection I0int 67NT 133 5 3 7 Negative sequence overcurrent phase current reversal current unbalance protection I2 46 46R 46L 142 5 3 8 Harmonic overcurrent protection Ih 50H 51H 68H 147 5 3 9 Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP 50BF 52BF 154 5 3 10 Low impedance or high impedanc...

Page 3: ...alog fault registers 418 6 3 Real time measurements to communication 418 7 Connections and applic 7 Connections and applica ation examples tion examples 421 421 7 1 Connections of AQ F215 421 7 2 Application example and its connections 423 7 3 Two phase three wire ARON input connection 424 7 4 Trip circuit supervision 95 425 8 Construction and installa 8 Construction and installation tion 430 430 ...

Page 4: ... earth fault cable end differential protection I0d 87N 468 9 2 1 10 Overvoltage protection U 59 468 9 2 1 11 Undervoltage protection U 27 469 9 2 1 12 Neutral overvoltage protection U0 59N 470 9 2 1 13 Sequence voltage protection U1 U2 47 27P 59NP 471 9 2 1 14 Overfrequency and underfrequency protection f 81O 81U 471 9 2 1 15 Rate of change of frequency protection df dt 81R 472 9 2 1 16 Line therm...

Page 5: ...10 Or 10 Ordering inf dering informa ormation tion 486 486 11 Contact and r 11 Contact and re ef fer erence inf ence informa ormation tion 488 488 A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 4 ...

Page 6: ...y or extend the warranty obligations of the manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any damages and or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the instructions contained herein or caused by persons who do not fulfil the aforementioned requirements Furthermore the manufacturer shall not be liable for possible errors in this document Please...

Page 8: ...ction block diagram and application example with wiring Added General menu description Revision 2 01 Date 6 11 2019 Changes Added description for LED test and button test Added voltage restrained overcurrent function Complete rewrite of every chapter Improvements to many drawings and formula images Order codes revised Added double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module and Double RJ45 10 100 Mb...

Page 9: ... Changed disturbance recorder maximum digital channel amount from 32 to 95 Added residual current coarse and fine measurement data to disturbance recorder description HSO1 and HSO2 connection swapped in arc protection card was way wrong before Updated I01 and I02 rated current range Added inches to Dimensions and installation chapter Added raising frames wall mounting bracket combiflex frame to or...

Page 10: ...escription and technical data Added df dt function Revision 1 03 Date 3 11 2014 Changes Added intermittent earth fault function manual Added mA RTD card Order code updated Revision 1 04 Date 20 1 2015 Changes Added double LC 100Mb Ethernet module and RS232 Serial fiber module hardware descriptions Added system integration text SPA Replaced Positive and negative sequence overvoltage with sequence v...

Page 11: ... delay curves added Event lists revised on several functions RTD mA card description improvements Auto recloser function readability improvements Ring lug CT card option description added Fault view description added New U and U function measurement modes documented Order code revised Revision 1 11 Date 14 8 2018 Changes Added mA output option card description and ordercode Revision 1 12 Date 8 10...

Page 12: ...ule CTS Current transformer supervision DG Distributed generation DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DI Digital input DO Digital output DOL Direct on line DR Disturbance recorder DT Definite time FF Fundamental frequency FFT Fast Fourier transform FTP File Transfer Protocol GI General interrogation HMI Human machine interface HR Holding register HV High voltage HW Hardware IDMT Inverse defin...

Page 13: ...me Protocol RMS Root mean square RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RTD Resistance temperature detector RTU Remote terminal unit SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition SG Setting group SOTF Switch on to fault SW Software THD Total harmonic distortion TRMS True root mean square VT Voltage transformer VTM Voltage transformer module VTS Voltage transformer supervision A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruct...

Page 14: ... other AQ 200 series products please consult their respective device manuals AQ F215 offers a modular feeder protection and control solution for applications that require both current based and voltage based protections as well as complete measurements There are up to three 3 option card slots available for additional I O or communication cards for more comprehensive monitoring and control applica...

Page 15: ...nfigurable 2 Sixteen 16 freely configurable LEDs with programmable legend texts 3 Three 3 object control buttons Choose the controllable object with the Ctrl Ctrl button and control the breaker or other object with the I I and O O buttons 4 The L R L R button switches between the local and the remote control modes 5 Eight 8 buttons for IED local programming the four navigation arrows and the E Ent...

Page 16: ...ght be different if you have changed the view with AQtivate s Carousel Designer tool Figure 4 2 1 2 Basic navigation general The Home Home button switches between the quick display carousel and the main display with the six 6 main configuration menus General Protection Control Communication Measurements and Monitoring Note that the available menus vary depending on the device type You can select o...

Page 17: ...e 4 2 2 3 Main configuration menus 4 3 General menu The General main menu is divided into two submenus the Device info tab presents the information of the device while the Function comments tab allows you to view all comments you have added to the functions Figure 4 3 4 General menu structure A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 16 ...

Page 18: ...nted on the sticker located on the side of the unit Time synchronization source 0 Internal 1 External NTP 2 External Serial 3 IRIG B 0 Internal If an external clock time synchronization source is available the type is defined with this parameter In the internal mode there is no external Timesync source IRIG B requires a serial fiber communication option card Enable stage forcing 0 Disabled 1 Enabl...

Page 19: ...ult view If set to 0 s this feature is not in use LED test 0 1 Activated 0 When activated all LEDs are lit up LEDs with multiple possible colors blink each color Reset latches 0 1 Reset 0 Resets the latched signals in the logic and the matrix When a reset command is given the parameter automatically returns back to Measurement recorder 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enables the measurement record...

Page 20: ...es the Stage activation submenu as well as the submenus for all the various protection functions categorized under the following modules Arc protection Current Voltage Frequency Sequence and Supporting see the image below The available functions depend on the device type in use A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 19 ...

Page 21: ...ting function is disabled by default When you activate one of the stages its activated menu appears in the stage specific submenu For example the I overcurrent protection stage can be found in the Current module whereas the U undervoltage protection stage can be found in the Voltage module Figure 4 4 9 Submenus for Stage activation A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 20 ...

Page 22: ...of activated current stages through the Current module and selects the I stage for further inspection Figure 4 4 10 Accessing the submenu of an individual activated stage Each protection stage and supporting function has five sections in their stage submenus Info Settings Registers I O and Events Figure 4 4 11 Info The Info section offers many details concerning the function and its status A AQ Q ...

Page 23: ...Active settings displays the setting group that is currently in use and its settings other setting groups can be set in the Settings section While the function is activated and disabled in the Stage activation submenu you can disable the function through the Info section Function mode at the top of the section Figure 4 4 12 Settings The stage settings vary depending on which protection function th...

Page 24: ...pecific fault data There are twelve 12 registers and each of them includes data like the pre fault value the fault value the time stamp and the active group during the trigger Data included in the register depend on the protection function You can clear the the operation register by choosing Clear registers Clear General event register stores the event generated by the stage These general event re...

Page 25: ...e LEDs If the stage is blocked internally DI or another signal you can configure an output to indicate the stage that is blocked A connection to an output can be either latched x or non latched x Blocking input control allows you to block stages The blocking can be done by using any of the following digital inputs logical inputs or outputs the START TRIP or BLOCKED information of another protectio...

Page 26: ...to event history which can be accessed in the Events view in the user view section 4 5 Control menu Main menu The Control main menu includes submenus see the image above for enabling the various control functions and objects Controls enabled for enabling and controlling the setting groups Setting groups for configuring the objects Objects for setting the various control functions Control functions...

Page 27: ...Objects submenu see the section Objects below for more information Setting groups Figure 4 5 17 Setting groups submenu The Setting groups submenu displays all the information related to setting group changing such as the following A Activ ctive se e set tting gr ting group oup displays the current active setting group SG1 SG8 F For orce se ce set tting gr ting group change oup change this setting ...

Page 28: ...into the event history Setting group 1 SG1 has the highest priority while Setting group 8 SG8 has the lowest priority Setting groups can be controlled with pulses or with both pulses and static signals see the image below Figure 4 5 18 Example of setting group SG changing Objects Figure 4 5 19 Objects submenu Each activated object is visible in the Objects submenu By default all objects are disabl...

Page 29: ...ct cart are 1 A Additional sta dditional stat tus inf us informa ormation tion gives feedback from the object on whether the opening and closing are allowed or blocked whether the object is ready and whether the synchronization status is ok Use synchr Use synchrocheck ocheck and Use Ob Use Object r ject read eady y closing the object is forbidden when the sides are not synchronized or when the obj...

Page 30: ...and pulse length defines the maximum length of Open and Close commands If the status has changed before the maximum pulse length has elapsed the pulse is cut short Contr Control t ol termina ermination timeout tion timeout If the status of the object does not change during the set time an Open Close request failed event is recorded After the set delay if the controlled object does not respond acco...

Page 31: ...tput relays as well as to user configurable LEDs A connection to an output can be either latched x or non latched x Object blocking is done in the Blocking input control subsection It can be done by any of the following digital inputs logical inputs or outputs object status information as well as stage starts trips or blocks Figure 4 5 22 Registers section A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Versi...

Page 32: ...nts are masked off You can activate the desired events by masking them x Please remember to save your maskings by confirming the changes with the check mark icon If you want to cancel the changes select the strike through circle to do so Only masked events are recorded to the event history which can be accessed in the Events view in the user view section Control functions Once a control function h...

Page 33: ...nitored magnitude between Peak to peak TRMS or RMS the default is RMS the available magnitudes depend on the function Sta Statistics tistics indicates the number of function starts trips and blocks can be cleared through Clear statistics Clear Mea Measur surements ements displays the measurements carried out by the function A Activ ctive se e set ttings tings displays the setting group that is cur...

Page 34: ...ing tool Stored in the Registers section you can find both Operation event register and General event register Operation event register stores the function s specific operation data There are twelve 12 registers and each of them includes data like the pre fault value the fault value the time stamp and the active group during the trigger Data included in the register depend on the control function ...

Page 35: ...Ds If the stage is blocked internally by a digital input or another signal you can configure an output to indicate the stage that is blocked A connection to an output can be either latched x or non latched x Blocking input control allows you to block stages The blocking can be done by using any of the following digital inputs logical inputs or outputs the START TRIP or BLOCKED information of anoth...

Page 36: ...history which can be accessed in the Events view in the user view section Device I O Figure 4 5 30 Device I O submenu The Device I O submenu is divided into the following nine sections Digital inputs Digital outputs mA Outputs LED settings Device I O matrix Programmable control switch Programmable Mimic Indicator Logic signals and GOOSE matrix Please note that digital inputs logic outputs protecti...

Page 37: ...measured peak value The activation time of an input is 5 10 ms The release time with DC is 5 10 ms while with AC it is less than 25 ms The first three digital inputs don t have activation and release threshold voltage settings as these have already been defined when the unit was ordered Digital input statuses can be checked from the corresponding subsection Digital input status The Digital input d...

Page 38: ...ut output selection lists NO NOTE TE An NC signal goes to the default position NO if the relay loses the auxiliary voltage or if the system is fully reset However an NC signal does not open during voltage or during System full reset An NC output signal does not open during a Communication or Protection reset Figure 4 5 33 LED settings section The LED settings section allows you to modify the indiv...

Page 39: ...latched signal stays active until the triggering signal deactivates and the latched function is manually cleared You can clear latched signals by entering the mimic display and the pressing the Back Back button on the panel Figure 4 5 35 Programmable control switch section Programmable control switches PCSs are switches that can be used to control signals while in the mimic view These signals can ...

Page 40: ...0 or 1 64 GOOSE input signal status bits the status of a bit is either 0 or 1 64 quality bits for GOOSE input signals the status of a bit is either 0 or 1 Logical input signals can be used when building a logic with the AQtivate setting tool The status of a logical input signal can be changed either from the mimic or through SCADA By default logical inputs use Hold mode in which the status changes...

Page 41: ...tputs have both ON and OFF events and they can be masked on when necessary they are masked off by default NO NOTE TE Please refer to the System integration chapter for a more detailed description of the use of logical signals 4 6 Communication menu The Communication main menu includes four submenus Connections Protocols General IO and Realtime signals to Comm All devices can be configured through ...

Page 42: ...basic settings of RS 485 port in the back panel of the unit Bitrate displays the bitrate of the RS 485 serial communication interface 9600 bps as standard although can be changed to 19 200 bps or 38 400 bps if an external device supports the faster speed Databits Parity and Stopbits these can be set according the connected external devices Protocol by default the device does not have any serial pr...

Page 43: ...ynchronization over Ethernet and can be used simultaneously with the ethernet based communication protocols IEC 61850 Ethernet based communication protocol Modbus TCP Ethernet communication protocol Modbus RTU Serial communication protocol IEC103 Serial communication protocol IEC101 104 The standards IEC 60870 5 101 and IEC 60870 5 104 are closely related On the physical layer the IEC 101 protocol...

Page 44: ...e transformers is defined in the Transformers submenu while the system nominal frequency is specified in the Frequency submenu Other submenus are mainly for monitoring purposes Transformers Figure 4 7 41 Transformers section Transformers menu is used for setting up the measurement settings of available current transformer modules or voltage transformer modules Some unit types have more than one CT...

Page 45: ... unit scaling factors VT module Figure 4 7 43 VT module section Voltage transformer settings include voltage measurement mode selection voltage transformer nominal settings and voltage channel polarity switching Voltage transformer setting defines what kind of voltages are connected to the VT module card The voltages are three line to line voltages three line to neutral voltages two line to line v...

Page 46: ...requency measurements use the fixed sampling mode as the default and System nominal frequency should be set to the desired level When Sampling mode is set to Tracking the device uses the measured frequency value as the system nominal frequency There are three frequency reference channels f Ref1 fRef2 and fRef3 With these parameters it is possible to set up three voltage or current channels to be u...

Page 47: ...y currents and Phase angle and they display the RMS TRMS and peak to peak values amplitude and power THD values as well as the angle of each measured component Sequence currents has also been further divided into the four above mentioned sections and it calculates the positive negative and neutral sequence currents Harmonics displays current harmonics up to the 31st harmonic for the three phase cu...

Page 48: ...ues of per unit and secondary voltages as well as phase angles Sequence voltages displays the per unit primary and secondary voltages as well as phase angles and it calculates the positive negative and neutral sequence voltages System voltages displays primary voltage magnitudes and primary voltage angles Harmonics displays harmonics up to the 31st harmonic for all four voltages U1 U2 U3 U4 each c...

Page 49: ...the settings by which the power and energy calculations are made In the settings you can also activate and then set the parameters for the Energy dose counter mode Power measurements displays all three phase powers as well as the powers of individual phases Energy measurements displays the three phase energy as well as the energies of the individual phases Impedance calculations Figure 4 7 48 Impe...

Page 50: ...ctances both primary and secondary of the positive sequence as well as its primary and secondary impedances and the impedance angle Phasors Figure 4 7 49 Phasors submenu The Phasors submenu holds the vector displays for voltages and currents as well as the various calculated components the IED may have e g power impedance Phasors are helpful when solving incorrect wiring issues 4 8 Monitoring menu...

Page 51: ...ns submenu see the section Monitor functions below for more information Monitor functions Figure 4 8 52 Monitor function view Configuring monitor functions is very similar to configuring protection and control stages They too have the five sections that display information Info set the parameters Settings show the inputs and outputs I O and present the events and registers Events and Registers A A...

Page 52: ...lays the number of recordings currently in the disturbance recorder s memory Recorder trigger shows which signals or other states has been selected to trigger the recording digital input logical input or output signals of a stage object position etc by default nothing triggers the recorder Recording length displays the length of a single recording and can be set between 0 1 1800 seconds Recording ...

Page 53: ...correctly without problems If you see something out of the ordinary in the Device diagnostics submenu and cannot reset it please contact the closest representative of the manufacturer or the manufacturer of the device itself 4 9 Configuring user levels and their passwords As a factory default no user level is locked with a password in an IED In order to activate the different user levels click the...

Page 54: ...l whose password is being changed must be unlocked As mentioned above the access level of the different user levels is indicated by the number of stars The required access level to change a parameter is indicated with a star symbol if such is required As a general rule the access levels are divided as follows User Can view any menus and settings but cannot change any settings nor operate breakers ...

Page 55: ...ions signal descriptions etc and can operate breakers and other equipment Super user Can change any setting and can operate breakers and other equipment NO NOTE TE Any user level with a password automatically locks itself after half an hour 30 minutes of inactivity A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 54 ...

Page 56: ... protection NEF 4 I0 I0 I0 I0 50N 51N Non directional earth fault protection DEF 4 I0dir I0dir I0dir I0dir 67N 32N Directional earth fault protection IEF 1 I0int 67NT Intermittent earth fault protection OV 4 U U U U 59 Overvoltage protection UV 4 U U U U 27 Undervoltage protection NOV 4 U0 U0 U0 U0 59N Neutral overvoltage protection FRQV 8 f f f f f f f f 81O 81U Overfrequency and underfrequency p...

Page 57: ...0Arc 50NArc Arc fault protection optional Table 5 1 5 Control functions of AQ F215 Name IEC ANSI Description SGS Setting group selection OBJ Object control and monitoring 5 objects available CIN Indicator object monitoring 5 indicators available CLPU CLPU Cold load pick up U0 RECL 79N Zero sequence recloser AR 0 1 79 Auto recloser SOTF SOTF Switch on to fault VJP φ 78 Vector jump SYN ΔV Δa Δf 25 S...

Page 58: ...ers The measured values are processed into the measurement database and they are used by measurement and protection functions It is essential to understand the concept of current measurements to be able to get correct measurements Figure 5 2 1 55 Current measurement terminology P PRI RI The primary current i e the current which flows in the primary circuit and through the primary side of the curre...

Page 59: ...s mandatory as some relays still require manual calculations for the correct settings however setting the motors nominal current makes motor protection much easier and more straightforward In modern protection devices this scaling calculation is done internally after the current transformer s primary current secondary current and motor nominal current are set Normally the primary current ratings f...

Page 60: ...T values are chosen to be the basis for the per unit scaling the option CT nom p u is selected for the Scale meas to In setting see the image below Figure 5 2 1 57 Setting the phase current transformer scalings to CT nominal Once the setting have been sent to the device relay calculates the scaling factors and displays them for the user The CT scaling factor P S describes the ratio between the pri...

Page 61: ...ondary is the ratio between the nominal current and the CT scaling factor P S Residual I0 CT scaling Next we set the residual IO CT scalings according to how the phase current CTs and the ring core CT are connected to the module see the Connections image at the beginning of this chapter The phase current CTs are connected to the module via a Holmgren summing connection which requires the use of co...

Page 62: ...e second shows them when the protected object s nominal current is the basis for the scaling Figure 5 2 1 61 Scalings display based on the CT nominal Figure 5 2 1 62 Scalings display based on the protected object s nominal current As the images above show the scaling selection does not affect how primary and secondary currents are displayed as actual values The only effect is that the per unit sys...

Page 63: ... opened CT secondary circuit may generate dangerously high voltages A buzzing sound from the connector can indicate an open circuit Problem Solution The measured current amplitude in all phases does not match the injected current The scaling settings may be wrong check that the settings match with the connected current transformer Measurement Transformers Phase CT scaling Also check that the Scale...

Page 64: ...ngs go to Measurement Phasors and check the Phase current vectors diagram When all connections are correct the diagram symmetric feeding should look like this See the following tables for the most common problems with phase polarity and network rotation mixed phases The following image presents the most common problems with phase polarity Problems with phase polarity are easy to find because the v...

Page 65: ...phases These problems can be difficult to find because the measurement result is always the same in the relay If two phases are mixed together the network rotation always follows the pattern IL1 IL3 IL2 and the measured negative sequence current is therefore always 1 00 in p u A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 64 ...

Page 66: ...rds the line IL2 Polarity 0 1 Invert 0 The selection of the second current measurement channel s IL2 polarity direction The default setting is for the positive current to flow from connector 3 to connector 4 with the secondary currents starpoint pointing towards the line IL3 Polarity 0 1 Invert 0 The selection of the third current measurement channel s IL3 polarity direction The default setting is...

Page 67: ... current to flow from connector 9 to connector 10 CT scaling factor P S A relay feedback value the calculated scaling factor that is the ratio between the primary current and the secondary current Measurements The following measurements are available in the measured current channels Table 5 2 1 11 Per unit phase current measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Phase current ILx Pha curr ILx I...

Page 68: ...current I0x P P curr I0x In 0 00 500 00 0 01 The peak to peak current measurement in p u from the residual current channel I01 or I02 Table 5 2 1 16 Primary residual current measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Primary residual current I0x Pri Res curr I0x A 0 00 1 000 000 00 0 01 The primary RMS current measurement from the residual current channel I01 or I02 Primary calculated I0 Pri ca...

Page 69: ...01 The primary measurement from the calculated negative sequence current Primary zero sequence current Pri Zero sequence curr A 0 00 1 000 000 00 0 01 The primary measurement from the calculated zero sequence current Table 5 2 1 21 Secondary sequence current measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Secondary positive sequence current Sec Positive sequence curr A 0 00 300 00 0 01 The secondary...

Page 70: ...surements The current component measurements indicate the resistive wattmetric cos φ and reactive varmetric sin φ current values These are calculated with the following formulas Where Ix the magnitude of a phase current or a residual current φ the angle difference between the phase or residual voltage and the phase or residual current The following measurements are available from the measured curr...

Page 71: ...tive current component measurement from the positive sequence current channel Primary positive sequence reactive current Pos Seq Reactive Current Pri A 100 000 00 100 000 00 0 01 The primary reactive current component measurement from the positive sequence current channel Primary residual resistive current I0x I0x Residual Resistive Current Pri A 100 000 00 100 000 00 0 01 The primary resistive cu...

Page 72: ...o get correct measurements Figure 5 2 2 66 Voltage measurement terminology P PRI RI The primary voltage i e the voltage in the primary circuit which is connected to the primary side of the voltage transformer SEC SEC The secondary voltage i e the voltage which the voltage transformer transforms according to the ratio This voltage is measured by the protection relay For the measurements to be corre...

Page 73: ...owing table presents the initial data of the connection Table 5 2 2 27 Initial data P Pha hase v se volta oltage V ge VT T VT primary 20 000 V VT secondary 100 V Z Zer ero sequence v o sequence volta oltage V ge VT T U4 VT primary 20 000 V U4 VT secondary 100 V the zero sequence voltage is connected similarly to line to neutral voltages U0 in case wiring is incorrect all polarities can be individu...

Page 74: ... voltage and the secondary voltage The per unit scaling factors VT scaling factor p u for both primary and secondary values are also displayed The triggering of a voltage protection stage can be based on one two or three voltages the Pick up terms setting at Protection Voltage protection stage menu Settings Fault loops are either line to line or line to neutral according to the Measured magnitude ...

Page 75: ...oltages are measured the third one UL31 is calculated based on the UL12 and UL23 vectors When measuring line to line voltages the line to neutral voltages can also be calculated as long as the value of U0 is measured and known The voltage measurement channel U4 can also be used to measure either the zero sequence voltage U0 or the side 2 voltage of the circuit breaker Synchrocheck If the 2LL U3 U4...

Page 76: ...he zero sequence voltage which has the same ratio 20 000 100 V Figure 5 2 2 72 Relay behavior when nominal voltage injected The image collection below presents the relay s behavior when voltage is injected into the relay via secondary test equipment during an earth fault The measurement mode is 3LN U4 which means that the relay is measuring line to neutral voltages The VT scaling has been set to 2...

Page 77: ...ween the injection device or the VTs and the relay The measured voltage amplitudes are OK but the angles are strange The voltage unbalance protection trips immediately after activation The earth fault protection trips immediately after it is activated and voltage calculated The voltages are connected to the measurement module but the order or polarity of one or all phases is incorrect In relay set...

Page 78: ...ages VT primary 1 1 000 000 0V 0 1V 20 000 0V The rated primary voltage of the voltage transformer VT secondary 0 2 400 0V 0 1V 100 0V The rated secondary voltage of the voltage transformer U3 Res SS VT primary 1 1 000 000V 0 1V 20 000 0V The primary nominal voltage of the connected U0 or SS VT This setting is only valid if the 2LL U3 U4 mode is selected U3 Res SS VT secondary 0 2 400V 0 1V 100 0V...

Page 79: ...lected U4 scaling factor p u Pri A relay feedback value for channel U4 the scaling factor for the primary voltage s per unit value This setting is only valid if the 2LL U3 U4 mode is selected U4 scaling factor p u Sec A relay feedback value for channel U4 the scaling factor for the secondary voltage s per unit value This setting is only valid if the 2LL U3 U4 mode is selected Measurements The foll...

Page 80: ...lt pri V 0 00 1 000000 00 0 01 The primary measurement from the calculated zero sequence voltage Table 5 2 2 34 Secondary sequence voltage measurements Name Unit Range Step Description Secondary positive sequence voltage Pos seq Volt sec V 0 00 4800 0 0 01 The secondary measurement from the calculated positive sequence voltage Secondary negative sequence voltage Neg seq Volt sec V 0 00 4800 0 0 01...

Page 81: ...ed You can also select the row where the unit for this is kV System voltage magnitude UL2 System volt UL2 mag V 0 00 1 000000 00 0 01 The primary RMS line to neutral UL2 voltage measured or calculated You can also select the row where the unit for this is kV System voltage magnitude UL3 System volt UL3 mag V 0 00 1 000000 00 0 01 The primary RMS line to neutral UL3 voltage measured or calculated Y...

Page 82: ...lated System voltage angle UL1 System volt UL1 ang deg 0 00 360 0 0 01 The primary line to neutral angle UL1 measured or calculated System voltage angle UL2 System volt UL2 ang deg 0 00 360 0 0 01 The primary line to neutral angle UL2 measured or calculated System voltage angle UL3 System volt UL3 ang deg 0 00 360 0 0 01 The primary line to neutral angle UL3 measured or calculated System voltage a...

Page 83: ...n calculate power and can therefore have power based protection and monitoring functions the number of available functions depends of the relay type In addition to power calculations energy magnitudes are also calculated Power is divided into three magnitudes apparent power S active power P and reactive power Q Energy measurement calculates magnitudes for active and reactive energy Energy can flow...

Page 84: ...lated according the following formula The direction of reactive power is divided into four quadrants Reactive power may be inductive or capacitive on both forward and reverse directions Reactive power quadrant can be indicated with Tan φ tangent phi which is calculated according the following formula Power factor calculation is done similarly to the Cosine phi calculation but the polarity is defin...

Page 85: ...scription 3ph active energy measurement 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enables disables the active energy measurement 3ph reactive energy measurement 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Enables disables the reactive and apparent energy measurement 3ph energy megas or kilos 0 Mega 1 Kilo 0 Mega Defines whether energy is measured with the prefix kilo 103 or mega 106 Edit energy values 0 Disabled 1 Enab...

Page 86: ...he memory of the indivisual phase energy calculator Goes automatically back to the state after the reset is finished Table 5 2 3 40 Energy Dose Counter 1 settings Name Range Step Default Description Energy dose counter mode 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Enables disables energy dose counters generally Clear pulse counter 0 1 Clear 0 Resets the DC 1 4 Pulses sent counters back to zero DC 1 4 ena...

Page 87: ...5 1x105 0 01 The total three phase active power in megavars 3PH Tan phi 1x106 1x106 0 01 The direction of three phase active power 3PH Cos phi 1x106 1x106 0 01 The direction of three phase reactive power 3PH Power factor 1x106 1x106 0 0001 The three phase power factor Table 5 2 3 43 Single phase power calculations L1 L3 Name Unit Range Step Description Lx Apparent power S kVA 1x106 1x106 0 01 The ...

Page 88: ... 904 00 0 01 The sum of imported and exported reactive energy while active energy is imported Apparent Energy S while Export P kVAh or MVAh 999 999 995 904 00 999 999 995 904 00 0 01 The total amount of exported apparent energy while active energy is exported Apparent Energy S while Import P kVAh or MVAh 999 999 995 904 00 999 999 995 904 00 0 01 The total amount of exported apparent energy while ...

Page 89: ... The voltage scaling is set to 20 000 100 V and the current scaling is set to 1000 5 A Voltages line to neutral Currents UL1 40 825 V 45 00 IL1 2 5 A 0 00 UL2 61 481 V 159 90 IL2 2 5 A 120 00 UL3 97 742 V 126 21 IL3 2 5 A 120 00 Name Value Name Value Name Value Name Value L1 S L1 S 4 08 MVA L2 S L2 S 6 15 MVA L3 S L3 S 9 77 MVA 3P 3PH S H S 20 00 MVA L1 P L1 P 2 89 MW L2 P L2 P 4 72 MW L3 P L3 P 9...

Page 90: ...7 5 2 4 Frequency tracking and scaling Measurement sampling can be set to the frequency tracking mode or to the fixed user defined frequency sampling mode The benefit of frequency tracking is that the measurements are within a pre defined accuracy range even when the fundamental frequency of the power system changes A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 89 ...

Page 91: ...ithms that calibrate the analog channels against eight 8 system frequency points for both magnitude and angle This frequency dependent correction compensates the frequency dependencies in the used non linear measurement hardware and improves the measurement accuracy significantly Combined these two methods give an accurate measurement result that is independent of the system frequency Troubleshoot...

Page 92: ...nel tracking quality is 0 and cannot be used for frequency tracking If all channels magnitudes are below the threshold there are no trackable channels Frequency measurement in use 0 No track ch 1 Ref1 2 Ref2 3 Ref3 Indicates which reference is used at the moment for frequency tracking Start behavior 0 Start tracking immediately 1 First nominal or tracked 0 Start tracking immediately Defines the ho...

Page 93: ...quency is not measurable this value is 0 Hz f measurement from 0 Not measurable 1 Avg Ref 1 2 Avg Ref 2 3 Avg Ref 3 4 Track Ref 1 5 Track Ref 2 6 Track Ref 3 7 Fast Ref 1 8 Fast Ref 2 9 Fast Ref 3 Displays which reference is used for frequency measurement SS1 meas frqs 0 000 75 000Hz 0 001Hz Displays frequency used by system set channel 1 and 2 SS2 meas frqs SS1f meas from 0 Not measurable 1 Fast ...

Page 94: ... function is run in a completely digital environment with a protection CPU microprocessor which also processes the analog signals transformed into the digital form A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 93 ...

Page 95: ...lute or percentage value before the function takes action The function constantly calculates the ratio between the pick up parameter set by the user and the measured magnitude Xm The reset ratio of 97 is built into the function and is always relative to the Xset value If a function s pick up characteristics vary from this description they are defined in the function section in the manual Figure 5 ...

Page 96: ...ng of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s common and global testing mode is activated The variables users can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal ne...

Page 97: ...e delay type for the time counter The selection is made between dependent IDMT and independent DT characteristics Definite min operating time delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 040s When the Delay type parameter is set to DT this parameter acts as the expected operating time for the protection function When set to 0 s the stage operates instantaneously without any additional delay When the parameter i...

Page 98: ...cs Additionally the Param option allows the tuning of the constants A B and C which then allows the setting of characteristics following the same formula as the IEEE curves mentioned here This setting is active and visible when the Delay type parameter is set to IDMT and the Delay curve series parameter is set to IEEE Time dial setting k 0 01 25 00s 0 01s 0 05s Defines the time dial multiplier set...

Page 99: ...ercurrent stages The setting parameters and their ranges are documented in the chapters of the respective function blocks Table 5 3 1 49 Inverse operating time formulas for nonstandard characteristics RI type RD type Used to get time grading with mechanical relays Mostly used in earth fault protection which grants selective tripping even in non directional protection t Operating delay s k Time dia...

Page 100: ...r the duration of the timer Op Time calculation reset after release time 0 No 1 Yes 1 Yes Operating timer resetting characteristics selection When active the operating time counter is reset after a set release time if the pick up element is not activated during this time When disabled the operating time counter is reset directly after the pick up element is reset Continue time calculation during r...

Page 101: ... 83 Delayed pick up release delay counter is reset at signal drop off Figure 5 3 1 84 Delayed pick up release delay counter value is held during the release time A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 100 ...

Page 102: ...otection function Normal Start Trip Blocked etc in the Info page of the function NO NOTE TE When Stage forcing is enabled protection functions will also change state through user input Injected currents voltages also affect the behavior of the relay Regardless it is recommended to disable Stage Forcing after testing has ended 5 3 2 Non directional overcurrent protection I 50 51 The non directional...

Page 103: ...utput processing The basic design of the protection function is the three pole operation The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function outputs the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function ...

Page 104: ...er In all possible input channel variations the pre fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms from START or TRIP event General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function These settings are static i e it is not possible to change them by editing the setting group Table 5 3 2 52 General settings of the function Name Range Ste...

Page 105: ...pected operating time 1800 000 1800 000s 0 005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs When IDMT mode is used the expected operating time depends on the measured highest phase current value If the measured current changes during a fault the expected operating time changes accordingly Time remaining to trip 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s When the function has detected a fault and counts d...

Page 106: ...fore the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay DT and inverse definite minimum time delay IDMT For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter General properties of a protection function and its section Operating time characteristics for trip...

Page 107: ...Start ON 1353 21 NOC2 9 Phase B Start OFF 1354 21 NOC2 10 Phase C Start ON 1355 21 NOC2 11 Phase C Start OFF 1356 21 NOC2 12 Phase A Trip ON 1357 21 NOC2 13 Phase A Trip OFF 1358 21 NOC2 14 Phase B Trip ON 1359 21 NOC2 15 Phase B Trip OFF 1360 21 NOC2 16 Phase C Trip ON 1361 21 NOC2 17 Phase C Trip OFF 1408 22 NOC3 0 Start ON 1409 22 NOC3 1 Start OFF 1410 22 NOC3 2 Trip ON 1411 22 NOC3 3 Trip OFF ...

Page 108: ...C4 13 Phase A Trip OFF 1486 23 NOC4 14 Phase B Trip ON 1487 23 NOC4 15 Phase B Trip OFF 1488 23 NOC4 16 Phase C Trip ON 1489 23 NOC4 17 Phase C Trip OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time stamped registers this information is available for all provided instances separately The register of the function records the ON event process data for START TRIP or BLOCKED The ta...

Page 109: ...elected for definite time DT or for inverse definite minimum time IDMT the IDMT operation supports both IEC and ANSI standard time delays as well as custom parameters The function includes the checking of CT saturation which allows the function to start and operate accurately even during CT saturation The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude process...

Page 110: ...measurement of sensitive residual current measurement input I02 5 ms I02TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse sensitive current measurement input I02 5 ms I02PP Peak to peak measurement of sensitive residual current measurement input I02 5 ms I0Calc RMS value of the calculated zero sequence current from the three phase currents 5 ms The selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter I...

Page 111: ...useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active Table 5 3 3 61 Information displayed by the function Name Range Step Description I0 condition 0 Normal 1 Start 2 Trip 3 Blocked Displays status of the protection function De...

Page 112: ...MI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal needs to re...

Page 113: ...tent Date and time Event code Fault type Trigger current Fault current Pre fault current Trip time remaining Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 1664 1861 Descr A G R C G F Start average current Trip 20ms averages Start 200ms averages 0 ms 1800s Setting group 1 8 active 5 3 4 Directional overcurrent protection Idir 67 The directional overcurrent function is used for instant and time delayed overcurren...

Page 114: ...output processing The basic design of the protection function is the three pole operation The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function outputs the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function...

Page 115: ...of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms IL1TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms IL1PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3PP Peak to peak measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms U...

Page 116: ...nce angle is based on a healthy line to line voltage During a short circuit the reference angle is based on impedance calculation If the voltage drops below 1 V in the secondary side the angle memory is used for 0 5 seconds The angle memory forces the reference angle to be equal to the value measured or calculated before the fault The angle memory captures the measured voltage angle 100 ms before ...

Page 117: ...rip when the amplitude of IL1 IL2 or IL3 increases above the pick up limit If the 3LL mode is used without the U0 measurement in a single phase fault situation the voltage reference comes from the healthy phase and the current reference from the faulty phase In a short circuit the angle comes from impedance calculation Figure 5 3 4 90 Operation sector area when the sector center has been set to 45...

Page 118: ...0deg 0 01deg The positive sequence current angle in relation to the positive sequence voltage Expected operating time 0 000 1800 00s 0 005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs When IDMT mode is used the expected operating time depends on the highest measured phase current value If the measured current changes during a fault the expected operating time changes accordingly Time ...

Page 119: ...nt values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for th...

Page 120: ...872 76 DOC2 8 Measuring live angle ON 4873 76 DOC2 9 Measuring live angle OFF 4874 76 DOC2 10 Using voltmem ON 4875 76 DOC2 11 Using voltmem OFF 4928 77 DOC3 0 Start ON 4929 77 DOC3 1 Start OFF 4930 77 DOC3 2 Trip ON 4931 77 DOC3 3 Trip OFF 4932 77 DOC3 4 Block ON 4933 77 DOC3 5 Block OFF 4934 77 DOC3 6 No voltage Blocking ON 4935 77 DOC3 7 Voltage measurable Blocking OFF 4936 77 DOC3 8 Measuring ...

Page 121: ...perating decisions are based on selected neutral current and voltage magnitudes which the function constantly measures The available residual current magnitudes are RMS values TRMS values including harmonics up to 31st or peak to peak values that come from inputs I01 or I02 residual current measurement or from I0Calc residual current calculated from phase current measurements The current angle is ...

Page 122: ...P and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the directional earth fault function Figure 5 3 5 92 Simplified function block diagram of the I0dir function Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values The user can select the monitored magnitude to be equal either to RMS values to TRMS values or to peak to peak values TRMS mode ...

Page 123: ... 5 73 General settings of the function Name Description Range Step Default U0 directional phase If the connected neutral voltage polarity is opposite to the connected residual current this parameter can swap the angle reference 1 U0 2 U0 1 U0 U0 Meas input select Defines which available neutral voltage measurement is used Available neutral voltages depend on measurement settings Measurements Trans...

Page 124: ... I0Cos I0Sin broad range mode 1 Not used 2 Used 1 Not used Unearthed Compensated border angle Dividing the angle between unearthed and compensated tripping see description later in this document Visible when earthing type is set to I0Cos I0Sin broad range mode 45 0 90 0 1 45 Angle Tripping area size earthed network 45 0 135 0 0 1 88 Angle offset Protection area direction earthed network 0 0 360 0 ...

Page 125: ...transformer and into a faulty feeder Healthy feeders do not trip since capacitive current is floating to the opposite direction and selective tripping can be ensured The amplitude of the fault current depends on the capacitance of the network The outgoing feeders are the sources for capacitive currents The bigger the network the greater the capacitive current during a fault Each outgoing feeder pr...

Page 126: ...ine voltages Petersen coil earthed Compensated network 32N There are many benefits to a Petersen coil earthed network The amount of automatic reclosing is highly decreased and the maintenance of the breakers is therefore diminished Arc faults die on their own and cables and equipment suffer less damage In emergency situations a line with an earth fault can be used for a specific time Figure 5 3 5 ...

Page 127: ...e network is fully compensated The network is overcompensated when the K factor is greater than 1 0 and undercompensated when the K factor is smaller than 1 0 The inductance connected to the star point of an incoming transformer or as in most cases to a earthing transformer compensates the capacitance of the network however this prevents the capacitive fault current to be measured The fault detect...

Page 128: ...rk the amplitude of a single phase fault current is similar to the amplitude of a short circuit current Directly earthed or small impedance network schemes are normal in transmission distribution and industry The phase angle setting of the tripping area is adjustable as is the base direction of the area angle offset A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 127 ...

Page 129: ...rom earth faults two modes are used depending on the network status unearthed or compensated When changing between these two statuses the setting group must be changed and especially with distributed compensation the change may be difficult or impossible to arrange Finally in a compensated network protection the relay with traditional algorithms may sporadically detect an earth fault in a long hea...

Page 130: ...hen in use and when disabled To receive a more accurate indication as to whether the fault was in a compensated or an unearthed network the angle divider can divide the area which would otherwise be overlapped between the two network models By default the setting is 45 degrees When the divider is disabled the angle is set to zero degrees Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful r...

Page 131: ...ing occurs Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input Additionally the directional earth fault protection function includes an internal inrush harmonic blocking option which is applied according to the parameters set by the user If the blocking signal is not activate...

Page 132: ...function offers four 4 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 5 77 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 5184 81 DEF1 0 Start ON 5185 81 DEF1 1 Start OFF 5186 81 DEF1 2 Trip ON 5187 81 DEF1 3 Trip OFF 5188 81 DEF1 4 Block...

Page 133: ...0Sinfi Trip OFF 5376 84 DEF4 0 Start ON 5377 84 DEF4 1 Start OFF 5378 84 DEF4 2 Trip ON 5379 84 DEF4 3 Trip OFF 5380 84 DEF4 4 Block ON 5381 84 DEF4 5 Block OFF 5382 84 DEF4 6 I0Cosfi Start ON 5383 84 DEF4 7 I0Cosfi Start OFF 5384 84 DEF4 8 I0Sinfi Start ON 5385 84 DEF4 9 I0Sinfi Start OFF 5386 84 DEF4 10 I0Cosfi Trip ON 5387 84 DEF4 11 I0Cosfi Trip OFF 5388 84 DEF4 12 I0Sinfi Trip ON 5389 84 DEF4...

Page 134: ...networks than with overhead line networks However the problem at hand is caused by the increasing amount of cabling in the network which in turn causes dramatic increases in the capacitive earth fault currents in the distribution networks When the capacitive earth fault current increases in the network it becomes necessary to detect the earth fault current with a Petersen coil Problems caused by i...

Page 135: ...ic is the occurence of high magnitude current spikes which compared to residual voltage are in the opposite direction of the current spike in faulty feeders and concurrent in healthy feeders Handling these unique characteristics requires a completely different set of tools than what traditional directional earth fault protection can offer The following figures present three intermittent earth faul...

Page 136: ...Figure 5 3 6 99 An intermittent earth fault in a network tuned close to resonance as seen by a healthy feeder relay A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 135 ...

Page 137: ...Figure 5 3 6 100 An intermittent earth fault in an undercompensated medium size network as seen by a faulty feeder relay A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 136 ...

Page 138: ...ed directional earth fault protection algorithms lose their directional sense because an FFT processed input signal expects the power cycle to provide long stable data for accurate directional output There are multiple zero crossings during a normal power cycle and therefore the FFT result may be anything from 0 to 180 degrees When analyzing the situation from the point of view of normal direction...

Page 139: ...ay be necessary to verify the reset value of the residual voltage protection The residual voltage protection operating time will never be faster than the sum of the following the prescribed intermittent earth fault operating time the circuit breaker operating time and the reset time of the residual voltage protection stage If an intermittent earth fault protection start is used to block regular no...

Page 140: ...tting parameters U0 Detect spike and I0 Detect spike control the pick up of the I0int function They define the maximum allowed measured residual current and voltage before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the setting and the maximum value of the circular buffer Table 5 3 6 81 Pick up settings Name Range Step Default Description U0 Detect spike 1 00 100 ...

Page 141: ...activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal it resets and the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup curren...

Page 142: ...is reached but the calculated spike number is below this the setting function releases without a trip when the FWD reset time has elapsed Events and registers The intermittent earth fault function abbreviated IEF in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in the detected earth fault in the FWD start in the REV start in TRIP and in BLOCKED The user can select which ...

Page 143: ... between the negative sequence current and the positive sequence current The relay calculates the symmetrical component magnitudes in use from the phase current inputs IL1 IL2 and IL3 The zero sequence current is also recorded into the registers as well as the angles of the positive negative and zero sequence currents in order to better verify any fault cases The blocking signal and the setting gr...

Page 144: ...en conductor mode I2 I1 the function also uses the RMS values of all phase currents to check the minimum current Zero sequence and component sequence angles are used for fault registering and for fault analysis processing A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 7 86 Measurement inputs of the I2 function Signal Description Time base I1 Posit...

Page 145: ...is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active Table 5 3 7 88 Information displayed by the function Name Range Step Description I2 condition 0 Normal 1 Start 2 Trip 3 Blocked Displays the status of the protection function Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each...

Page 146: ...me operation DT gives the TRIP signal after a user defined time delay regardless of the measured current as long as the current is above or below the iset value and thus the pick up element is active independent time characteristics Inverse definite minimum time IDMT gives the TRIP signal after a time which is in relation to the set pick up value Iset and the measured current Im dependent time cha...

Page 147: ...n does not trip if the input signal is not re activated while the release time count is on going Events and registers The current unbalance function abbreviated CUB in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select the status ON or OFF for messages in the main event buffer The function offers four 4 independent stages the even...

Page 148: ...e fault current Fault currents Trip time remaining Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 2048 2245 Descr Unbalance Start average current Trip 20ms averages Start 200ms averages I1 I2 IZ mag and ang 0 ms 1800s Setting group 1 8 active 5 3 8 Harmonic overcurrent protection Ih 50H 51H 68H The harmonic overcurrent function is used for non directional instant and time delayed overcurrent detection and cleari...

Page 149: ...ocessing The basic design of the protection function is the three pole operation The inputs of the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function outputs the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates...

Page 150: ...values of the harmonic component or to the harmonic component percentage content compared to the RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 8 91 Measurement inputs of the Ih function Signal Description Time base IL1FFT The magnitudes RMS of phase L1 A current components Fundamental 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic...

Page 151: ...hase L3 C current components Fundamental 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 6th harmonic 7th harmonic 9th harmonic 11th harmonic 13th harmonic 15th harmonic 17th harmonic 19th harmonic 5 ms I01FFT The magnitudes RMS of residual I01 current components Fundamental 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 6th harmonic 7th harmonic 9th harmonic 11th harmonic 13th harmonic 1...

Page 152: ...P event General settings The function can be set to monitor the ratio between the measured harmonic and either the measured fundamental component or the per unit value of the harmonic current The user must select the correct measurement input Table 5 3 8 92 Operating mode selection settings Name Range Step Default Description Harmonic selection 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 4th harmonic 5th harmonic 6...

Page 153: ...setting percentage monitoring The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the sett...

Page 154: ...ce minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay DT and inverse definite minimum time delay IDMT For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter General properties of a protection function and its section Operating time cha...

Page 155: ...d to retrip a failing breaker if the retrip fails an incomer breaker can be tripped by using the function s CBFP output The retrip functionality can be disabled if the breaker does not have two trip coils The function can be triggered by the following overcurrent phase and residual digital output monitor digital signal any combination of the above mentioned triggers In the current dependent mode t...

Page 156: ...des a resettable cumulative counters for RETRIP CBFP CBFP START and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the circuit breaker failure protection function Figure 5 3 9 105 Simplified function block diagram of the CBFP function Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values It always uses the RMS magnitude of the current measure...

Page 157: ...itor Defines which output relay of the used protection functions trigger the CBFP countdown For the CBFP function to monitor the output relays selected here the Operation mode selection parameter must be set to a mode that includes digital outputs e g DO only Current and DO Current or signals or DO Pick up The setting parameters Iset and I0set control the pick up and the activation of the current ...

Page 158: ...up when using binary signals Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If the blocking signal is ...

Page 159: ...erating time characteristics Table 5 3 9 101 Setting parameters for operating time characteristics Name Range Step Default Description Retrip 0 No 1 Yes 1 Yes Retrip enabled or disabled When the retrip is disabled the output will not be visible and the TRetr setting parameter will not be available Retrip time delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 100s Retrip start the timer This setting defines how long ...

Page 160: ...nt trip coil available The TRIP signal is normally wired to the breaker s trip coil from the device s trip output The retrip is wired from its own device output contact in parallel with the circuit breaker s redundant trip coil The CBFP signal is normally wired from its device output contact to the incomer breaker Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications A AQ Q F215 F21...

Page 161: ...tection stage is not monitored in this configuration Therefore if the current is not reduced below the setting limit a RETRIP signal is sent to the redundant trip coil If the current is not reduced within the set time limit the function also sends a CBFP signal to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault both counters RETRIP and CBFP are reset as soon as the measured...

Page 162: ...configuration If the current is not reduced below the setting limit or the primary stage tripping signal is not reset a RETRIP signal is sent to the redundant trip coil If the retripping fails and the current is not reduced below the setting limit or the primary stage tripping signal is not reset the function also sends a CBFP signal to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears...

Page 163: ...these conditions is met i e the current is above the limit or the signal is active for the duration of the set RETRIP time delay a RETRIP signal is sent to the redundant trip coil If either of the conditions is active for the duration of the set CBFP time delay a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault both counters RETRIP and CBFP are reset a...

Page 164: ...Probably the most common application is when the device s trip output controls the circuit breaker trip coil while one dedicated CBFP contact controls the CBFP function Below are a few operational cases regarding the various applications and settings of the CBFP function A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 163 ...

Page 165: ...g the set operating time The tripping of the primary protection stage is not monitored in this configuration Therefore if the current is not reduced below the setting limit a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker If the primary protection function clears the fault the counter for CBFP resets as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Ve...

Page 166: ...lating the set operating time The tripping of the primary protection stage is constantly monitored in this configuration If the current is not reduced below the setting limit or the primary stage tripping signal is not reset a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker The time delay counter for CBFP is reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings or the tripping signal is...

Page 167: ...elow the setting limit and the primary stage tripping signal is reset If either of these conditions is met i e the current is above the limit or the signal is active for the duration of the set CBFP time delay a CBFP signal is sent to the incomer breaker The time delay counter for CBFP is reset as soon as the measured current is below the threshold settings and the tripping signal is reset This co...

Page 168: ...Device configuration as a dedicated CBFP unit Figure 5 3 9 114 Wiring diagram when the device is configured as a dedicated CBFP unit A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 167 ...

Page 169: ...urrent and output relay monitoring can be used The counter for the CBFP signal begins when the digital input is activated If the counter is active until the CBFP counter is used the device issues a CBFP command to the incomer breaker In this application the device tripping signals from all outgoing feeders can be connected to one dedicated CBFP device which operates either on current based protect...

Page 170: ...estricted earth fault function is used for residual differential current measurement for transformers This function can also be used as the cable end differential function The operating principle is low impedance differential protection with bias characteristics the user can set A differential current is calculated with the sum of the phase currents and the selected residual current input In cable...

Page 171: ...0d function Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values It uses the RMS magnitude of the current measurement inputs Both calculated residual currents and measured residual currents are always used The user can select inputs I01 or I02 for residual current measurement Please note that when the function is in cable end differential mode the difference is only calculated ...

Page 172: ... characteristics Table 5 3 10 106 Pick up settings Name Range Step Default Description I0 Input 0 I01 1 I02 0 I01 Selection of the used residual current measurement input I0 Direction 0 Add 1 Subtract 0 Add Differential current calculation mode This matches the directions of the calculated and measured residual currents to the application The default setting 0 Add means that I0Calc I01 or I0Calc I...

Page 173: ... characteristics with default settings Figure 5 3 10 117 Differential characteristics for the I0d function with default settings The equations for the differential characteristics are the following Figure 5 3 10 118 Differential current the calculation is based on user selected inputs and direction Figure 5 3 10 119 Bias current the calculation is based on the user selected mode Figure 5 3 10 120 ...

Page 174: ...blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further If the TRIP function has been activated before the blocking signal it resets and processes the release time characteristics similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blockin...

Page 175: ...ce can be around 10 while the used CTs are still within the promised 5P class which is probably the most common CT accuracy class When the current natural unbalance is compensated in this situation the differential settings may be set to be more sensitive and the natural unbalance does not therefore affect the calculation A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 174 ...

Page 176: ...eeded to prevent the main differential protection from being tripped by faults occurring outside the protection area in some cases the function has to be disabled or its sensitivity limited to catch earth faults inside the protection area For this purpose the restricted earth fault function is stable since it only monitors the side it is wired to and compares the calculated and measured residual c...

Page 177: ...he transformer and thus inside of the protection area the function catches the fault with high sensitivity Since the measured residual current now flows in the opposite direction than in the outside fault situation the measured differential current is high A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 176 ...

Page 178: ...vent block names generates events and registers from the status changes in TRIP activated and BLOCKED signals The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 177 ...

Page 179: ...ine to line magnitudes Overvoltage protection is based on line to line RMS measurement or to line to neutral RMS measurement as the user selects If the protection is based on line to line voltage overvoltage protection is not affected by earth faults in isolated or compensated networks The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during ...

Page 180: ...analog voltage measurement values The monitored magnitudes are equal to RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 11 110 Measurement input of the U function Signal Description Time base UL12RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL12 V 5ms UL23RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL23 V 5ms UL31RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL31 V 5ms UL1RMS RM...

Page 181: ...presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms from START or TRIP event Figure 5 3 11 126 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN U4 VT connection Figure 5 3 11 127 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL U4 VT connection P E voltages not available without residual voltage A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 180 ...

Page 182: ... exceeds the Uset value in single dual or all voltages it triggers the pick up operation of the function Table 5 3 11 112 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Operation mode Pick up criteria selection 0 1 voltage 1 2 voltages 2 3 voltages 0 1 voltage Uset Pick up setting 50 00 150 00 Un 0 01 Un 105 Un The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal ...

Page 183: ...hen the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal it resets and the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with informati...

Page 184: ...g k 0 01 60 00s 0 01s 0 05s This setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type Time dial multiplier setting for IDMT characteristics IDMT Multiplier 0 01 25 00s 0 01s 1 00s This setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type IDMT time multiplier in the Um Uset power Table 5 3 11 115 Setting parameters for reset time characteristics Name Range Step Default D...

Page 185: ...om the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers four 4 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 11 116 Event codes Event number Event channel Event bloc...

Page 186: ...oltages as the user selects If the protection is based on line to line voltage undervoltage protection is not affected by earth faults in isolated or compensated networks Undervoltage protection has two blocking stages internal blocking based on voltage measurement and low voltage or external blocking e g during voltage transformer fuse failure The blocking signal and the setting group selection c...

Page 187: ... function block diagram of the undervoltage function Figure 5 3 12 129 Simplified function block diagram of the U function Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values The monitored voltage magnitudes are equal to RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 12 118 Measurement inputs of the U function Signa...

Page 188: ...0 P P voltages The selection of the AI channel in use is made with a setting parameter In all possible input channel variations the pre fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from 20 ms from START or TRIP event Figure 5 3 12 130 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LN U4 VT connection Figure 5 3 12 131 Selectable measurement magnitudes with 3LL U4 VT connection P E vol...

Page 189: ...al or all voltages it triggers the pick up operation of the function Table 5 3 12 120 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Uset Pick up setting 0 00 120 00 Un 0 01 Un 60 Un U Block setting Block setting If set to zero blocking is not in use The operation is explained in the next chapter 0 00 100 00 Un 0 01 Un 10 Un The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the...

Page 190: ... must exceed the pick up setting value Expected operating time 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs When IDMT mode is used the expected operating time depends on the measured voltage value If the measured voltage changes during a fault the expected operating time changes accordingly Time remaining to trip 1800 000 1800 000s 0 005s When the function has de...

Page 191: ...system The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset The operating timers behavior during a function can be set for TRIP signal and also for the release of the function in case the pick up element is reset before the trip time has been reached Th...

Page 192: ... released If activated the START signal is reset after a set release time delay Time calc reset after release time 1 No 2 Yes 2 Yes Operating timer resetting characteristics selection When actived the operating time counter is reset after a set release time if the pick up element is not activated during this time When disabled the operating time counter is reset directly after the pick up element ...

Page 193: ...Trip ON 5827 91 UV3 3 Trip OFF 5828 91 UV3 4 Block ON 5829 91 UV3 5 Block OFF 5830 91 UV3 6 Undervoltage Block ON 5831 91 UV3 7 Undervoltage Block OFF 5888 92 UV4 0 Start ON 5889 92 UV4 1 Start OFF 5890 92 UV4 2 Trip ON 5891 92 UV4 3 Trip OFF 5892 92 UV4 4 Block ON 5893 92 UV4 5 Block OFF 5894 92 UV4 6 Undervoltage Block ON 5895 92 UV4 7 Undervoltage Block OFF The function registers its operation ...

Page 194: ...four 4 available stages of the function U0 U0 U0 U0 The function constantly measures phase to earth voltage magnitudes and calculates the zero sequence component Neutral overvoltage protection is scaled to line to line RMS level When the line to line voltage of a system is 100 V in the secondary side the earth fault is 100 of the Un and the calculated zero sequence voltage reaches 100 3 V 57 74 V ...

Page 195: ...rameters The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics output processing The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed voltage magnitudes The function outputs the START TRIP...

Page 196: ... value from 20 ms from a START or TRIP event Pick up The Uset setting parameter controls the pick up of the U0 function This defines the maximum allowed measured voltage before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the Uset and the measured magnitude Um for neutral voltage The reset ratio of 97 is built into the function and is always relative to the Uset va...

Page 197: ...l voltage and the pick up value Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If the blocking signal ...

Page 198: ...instant without added delay When the parameter is set to 0 005 1800 s the stage operates as independent delayed Time dial setting k 0 01 60 00s 0 01s 0 05s The setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type Time dial multiplier setting for IDMT characteristics IDMT Multiplier 0 01 25 00s 0 01s 1 00s The setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type IDMT tim...

Page 199: ...tatus changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers four 4 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 13 130 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name E...

Page 200: ...ive and negative sequence protection for both overvoltage and undervoltage the user selects the needed function Each device with a voltage protection module has four 4 available stages of the function The function constantly measures the RMS value of phase to earth voltage magnitudes or line to line and neutral voltage magnitudes to calculate the positive or negative sequence voltage The user can ...

Page 201: ...uit between phases 1 and 3 Negative sequence voltage calculation Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation and therefore to negative sequence voltage calculation In what follows are three examples of negative sequence calculation negative sequence component vector A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 200 ...

Page 202: ...can operate on instant or time delayed mode In time delayed mode the operation can be selected between definite time DT mode and inverse definite minimum time IDMT The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing threshold comparator block signal check time delay characteristics output processing The inputs for the function are the following oper...

Page 203: ...lso a resettable cumulative counter for the START TRIP and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the sequence voltage function Figure 5 3 14 144 Simplified function block diagram of the U1 U2 function Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values and always uses RMS values A 20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is u...

Page 204: ... operation of the function Table 5 3 14 134 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Pick up terms Selects whether the function picks up when the monitored voltage is under or over the set pick up value Over Under Over Uset Pick up setting 5 00 150 00 Un 0 01 Un 105 Un Ublk Undervoltage blocking visible when the pick up term is Under 0 00 80 00 Un 0 01 Un 5 Un The pick up activation of...

Page 205: ...s how much time is left before tripping occurs Umeas Uset at the moment 0 00 1250 00Um Uset 0 01Um Uset The ratio between the measured voltage and the pick up value Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up el...

Page 206: ...ristics The IDMT function follows one of the following formulas Where t operating time k time dial setting Um measured voltage Us pick up setting a IDMT multiplier setting The following table presents the setting parameters for the function s time characteristics Table 5 3 14 136 Setting parameters for operating time characteristics Name Range Step Default Description Delay type 1 DT 2 IDMT 1 DT S...

Page 207: ...et The user can reset characteristics through the application The default setting is a 60 ms delay the time calculation is held during the release time In the release delay option the operating time counter calculates the operating time during the release When using this option the function does not trip if the input signal is not re activated while the release time count is on going Events and re...

Page 208: ...nd can cause the frequency to drop below or rise above the allowed level When the consumption is larger than the generated power the frequency may drop When more power is generated than is consumed overfrequency can occur In generator applications too big a load or a malfunction in the power controller can cause the frequency to decrease Underfrequency causes damage to turbine wings through vibrat...

Page 209: ...h can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three 3 output signal In the instant operating mode the function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp The time stamp resolution is 1 ms The function also provides a resettable cumulative count...

Page 210: ...meters control the pick up of each stage of the f function They define the maximum or minimum allowed measured frequency before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the pick up setting and the measured frequency The reset ratio of 20mHz is built into the function and is always relative to the pick up value Table 5 3 15 141 Pick up settings Name Description ...

Page 211: ...Trip 3 Blocked Displays the status of the protection function f meas f set 0 000 20 000fm fset 0 001fm fset The ratio between the measured frequency and the pick up value Expected operating time 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs Time remaining to trip 1800 000 1800 000s 0 005s When the function has detected a fault and counts down time towards a trip t...

Page 212: ...ith process data values Table 5 3 15 143 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 6336 99 FRQV1 0 f Start ON 6337 99 FRQV1 1 f Start OFF 6338 99 FRQV1 2 f Trip ON 6339 99 FRQV1 3 f Trip OFF 6340 99 FRQV1 4 f Start ON 6341 99 FRQV1 5 f Start OFF 6342 99 FRQV1 6 f Trip ON 6343 99 FRQV1 7 f Trip OFF 6344 99 FRQV1 8 f Start ON 6345 99 FRQV1 9 f Start OFF 6346 99 F...

Page 213: ...G dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 6336 6383 Descr Start 20ms averages Fault frequency Setting group 1 8 active 5 3 16 Rate of change of frequency df dt 81R The rate of change of frequency function is used to detect fast drops or increases in frequency If the load changes fast this function detects and clears the frequency based faults faster than conventional underfrequency and overfrequency protections O...

Page 214: ...ay to operate Each stage can be activated and deactivated individually After the f mode has been activated Protection Stage activation Frequency stages the user can activate and deactivate the individual stages at will Protection Frequency Frequency protection f INFO Stage operational setup The outputs of the function are the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals The frequency protection function uses a ...

Page 215: ...y depends on the factory defined tracking reference which can be checked from the Frequency tab of the Measurement menu Table 5 3 16 145 Measurement inputs of the df dt function Signals Description Time base VT1 U1 U2 U3 L N voltages of the first voltage transformer 5ms VT2 U1 U2 U3 L N voltages of the second voltage transformer 5ms Pick up and time delay The df dt 1 pick up df dt 2 pick up etc se...

Page 216: ...ion of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay DT For detailed information on this delay types please refer to the chapter General properties of a protection function and its section Operating time characteristics for trip and reset Read only parameters The relay s ...

Page 217: ...he system The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Events and registers The rate of change of frequency function abbreviated DFT in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the m...

Page 218: ...dt 2 Block OFF 6628 103 DFT1 36 df dt 3 Block ON 6629 103 DFT1 37 df dt 3 Block OFF 6630 103 DFT1 38 df dt 4 Block ON 6631 103 DFT1 39 df dt 4 Block OFF 6632 103 DFT1 40 df dt 5 Block ON 6633 103 DFT1 41 df dt 5 Block OFF 6634 103 DFT1 42 df dt 6 Block ON 6635 103 DFT1 43 df dt 6 Block OFF 6636 103 DFT1 44 df dt 7 Block ON 6637 103 DFT1 45 df dt 7 Block OFF 6638 103 DFT1 46 df dt 8 Block ON 6639 1...

Page 219: ...comparator two block signal check time delay characteristics output processing The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed power magnitudes The function outputs the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates ge...

Page 220: ...ive power before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the Pset and the measured magnitude Pm The reset ratio of 97 is built into the function and is always relative to the Pset value Table 5 3 17 151 Pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Pset Pick up setting 0 0 100 000kW 0 01kW 100kW The pick up activation of the function is not directly equ...

Page 221: ... the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup power value to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated ...

Page 222: ...ip time remaining Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 6400 6405 Descr Start average power Trip 20ms averages Start 200ms averages 0 ms 1800s Setting groups 1 8 active 5 3 18 Underpower protection P 32U The underpower function is used for instant and time delayed active underpower protection This function is used to detect loss of load conditions when there is no significant loss of current Figure 5 3 ...

Page 223: ...simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp The time stamp resolution is 1 ms The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the START TRIP and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the underpower function Figure 5 3 18 153 Simplified function block diagram of the P function Measured input The function block uses three phase active pow...

Page 224: ...ation of the function is not directly equal to the START signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the r...

Page 225: ...of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay DT For detailed information on this delay types please refer to the chapter General properties of a protection function and its section Operating time characteristics for trip and reset Events and registers The ...

Page 226: ...r protection is not used to protect the generator itself but to protect the generator s turbine Figure 5 3 19 155 Operating characteristics of reverse power protection The outputs of the function are the START TRIP and BLOCKED signals The reverse power function uses a total of eight 8 separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source The function can operate on instant or time d...

Page 227: ...egistering If the protection relay has more than one CT module the parameter Measured side determines which current measurement is used for the power measurement Table 5 3 19 160 Measurement inputs of the Pr function Signal Description Time base 3PH Active power P Total three phase active power 5ms Pick up The Pset rev setting parameter controls the pick up of the Pr function This defines the maxi...

Page 228: ...d and the function does not process the situation further If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal it resets and the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup power value to be issued The blocking signal...

Page 229: ...ction function can be used as an alternative for the underimpedance function for more sensitive short circuit detection in generator protection applications When there is a short circuit near the generator the voltage decreases which in this function s case decreases the overcurrent s pick up level according to set parameters The function can work as voltage controlled overcurrent protection or as...

Page 230: ...fied function block diagram of the Iv function Measured input The function block uses the calculated positive sequence voltage to determine the pick up level Analog current measurement values are used to detect faults A 20ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre fault data registering Table 5 3 20 165 Measurement inputs of the voltage restrained overcurrent protection function S...

Page 231: ...ive Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active Table 5 3 20 167 Information displayed by the function Name Range Step Description Iv condition 0 Normal 1 Start 2 Tr...

Page 232: ... also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time Operating time characteristics for...

Page 233: ...mory uses it is an integral function which tells this function apart from a normal overcurrent function and its operating principle for overload protection applications The thermal image for the function is calculated according to the equation described below Where θt Thermal image status in percentages of the maximum thermal capacity available θt 1 Thermal image status in a previous calculation c...

Page 234: ...itions Weather conditions considering the prevailing conditions in the thermal replica are compensated with the ambient temperature coefficient which is constantly calculated and changing when using RTD sensor for the measurement When the ambient temperature of the protected object is stable it can be set manually e g underground cables The ambient temperature compensation takes into account the s...

Page 235: ...ture presumptions apply the temperature correction factor is 1 0 Figure 5 3 21 160 Ambient temperature coefficient calculation a three point linear approximation and a settable correction curve As can be seen in the diagram above the ambient temperature coefficient is relative to the nominal temperature reference By default the temperature reference is 15 C underground cables which gives the corre...

Page 236: ...t may be informed in a similar manner to the figure above in a datasheet provided by the manufacturer Figure 5 3 21 162 Settings of the function s ambient temperature coefficient curve The temperature and correction factor pairs are set to the function s settable curve A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 235 ...

Page 237: ...n factor The kSF correction factor is used for non changing corrections its calculation is explained later in this manual Calculating correction factors for a cable or overhead installation requires the consulting of the datasheet for the technical specifications of the used cable This information is usually provided by the cable manufacturer For example cable data may be presented as in the figur...

Page 238: ...oil whose temperature is 15 C The most important parameters for setting a working thermal image are the cable s current and the installation place In addition to the above mentioned current carrying capacity table the manufacturer should also provide data to allow for fine tuning the thermal image Equally important to the ampere temperature values are the presumptive conditions under which the giv...

Page 239: ...conditions manufacturers may give additional information on how to correct the the current carrying capacity to match the changed conditions Below is an example of the correction factors provided a manufacturer Prysmian for correcting the current carrying capacity A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 238 ...

Page 240: ...Figure 5 3 21 166 Example of correction factors for the current carrying capacity as given by a manufacturer A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 239 ...

Page 241: ... laying formation is flat Its current carrying capacity is 575 A in 65 C and 680 A in 90 C The reference temperature for ground installation is 15 C Let us calculate an estimation of the time constant τ based on the known one second short circuit current related to In If the manufacturer has not provided the time constant it can be estimated from the maximum permissable short circuit current usual...

Page 242: ...39 C is reached when the cable is loaded with a stable current for time equalling five times the time constant τ This uses approximately 71 of the thermal capacity According to the datasheet this current should set the temperature around 65 C therefore the model overprotects by three degrees A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 241 ...

Page 243: ...per cable with a cross section of 500 mm2 is installed with no adjacent cables k 1 into a ground consisting of dry gravel and clay k 0 85 and into the depth of 1 5 meters k 0 95 The cable s 1 s permissible short circuit current is 71 4 kA and its insulation is XLPE The cable s screen circuit is open and the laying formation is flat Its current carrying capacity is 575 A in 65 C and 680 A in 90 C T...

Page 244: ...d the cable with the nominal current one can see the actual current carrying capacity of the cable is much lower than in the presumptive conditions A normal loading current can now warm up the cable too much and threaten its withstandability If the kSF had not been set the thermal image would show a temperature of appr 68 C instead of the real temperature of 96 C A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manua...

Page 245: ... A current instead of the 680 A current given in the initial data Estimating trip time Calcula Calculat ted e ed eff ffectiv ective nominal curr e nominal current ent IN kSF tambfact INom Where IN calculated effective nominal current kSF the service factor kamb the ambient temperature factor INom the nominal current of the protected device Calcula Calculat ted end hea ed end heating ting A AQ Q F2...

Page 246: ...calculated with the formula above in seconds when replacing the θCalc with the value of the thermal level which from the tripping time is wanted to be calculated in per unit value Function inputs and outputs The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation i e the user or user defined logic can change function paramet...

Page 247: ... current measurement values The function block uses TRMS values from the whole harmonic specter of 32 components Table 5 3 21 170 Measurement inputs of the TF function Signal Description Time base IL1 TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2 TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3 TRMS TRMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms RTD Temperature measurement for the ambient cor...

Page 248: ...ll calculate this value This setting is visible if Estimate is selected for the Set or Estimate tau setting kSF service factor 0 01 5 00 0 01 1 00 The service factor which corrects the value of the maximum allowed current according to installation and other conditions varying from the presumptive conditions Cold reset default theta 0 0 150 0 0 1 60 0 The thermal image status in the restart of the ...

Page 249: ...e points for the user settable ambient temperature coefficient curve This setting is visible if Ambient lin or curve is set to Set curve Amb temp k1 k10 0 01 5 00 1 00 0 01 The coefficient value for the temperature reference point The coefficient and temperature reference points must be set as pairs This setting is visible if Ambient lin or curve is set to Set curve Add curvepoint 3 10 0 Not used ...

Page 250: ...ng signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal it resets and processes the release time characteristics similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking eve...

Page 251: ...ing is 1 0 Visible only when there is a setting fault TF Setting alarm 0 Ambient setting ok 1 Inconsistent setting of ambient k Indicates if ambient k setting has been set wrong Visible only when there is a setting fault Table 5 3 21 176 Measurements Name Range Description values Currents 0 Primary A 1 Secondary A 2 Per unit The active phase current measurement from IL1 A IL2 B and IL3 C phases in...

Page 252: ...vents and registers The line thermal overload protection function abbreviated TOLF in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in TRIP and BLOCKED signals The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 21 178 Event c...

Page 253: ...d ambient temperatures Typically an RTD is a thermocouple or of type PT100 Up to three 3 separate RTD modules based on an external Modbus are supported each can hold up to eight 8 measurement elements Up to two 2 separate RTD option cards are supported by this function Sixteen 16 individual element monitors can be set for this alarm function and each of those can be set to alarm two 2 separate ala...

Page 254: ...o needs to be set for each of the measurement channels Once these settings are done the RTDs are ready for other functions Figure 5 3 22 172 RTD alarm setup Function can be set to monitor the measurement data from previously set RTD channels A single channel can be set to have several alarms if the user sets the channel to multiple sensor inputs In each sensor setting the user can select the monit...

Page 255: ...ow the pick up setting value S1 S16 Alarm1 101 0 2000 0deg 0 1deg 0 0deg Sets the pick up value for Alarm 1 The alarm is activated if the measurement goes above or below this setting mode depends on the selected mode in Sx Alarm1 S1 S16 sensor 0 Ok 1 Invalid Displays the measured sensor s data validity If the sensor reading has any problems the sensor data is set to Invalid and the alarms are not ...

Page 256: ...10 S3 Alarm2 ON 4427 69 RTD1 11 S3 Alarm2 OFF 4428 69 RTD1 12 S4 Alarm1 ON 4429 69 RTD1 13 S4 Alarm1 OFF 4430 69 RTD1 14 S4 Alarm2 ON 4431 69 RTD1 15 S4 Alarm2 OFF 4432 69 RTD1 16 S5 Alarm1 ON 4433 69 RTD1 17 S5 Alarm1 OFF 4434 69 RTD1 18 S5 Alarm2 ON 4435 69 RTD1 19 S5 Alarm2 OFF 4436 69 RTD1 20 S6 Alarm1 ON 4437 69 RTD1 21 S6 Alarm1 OFF 4438 69 RTD1 22 S6 Alarm2 ON 4439 69 RTD1 23 S6 Alarm2 OFF ...

Page 257: ... 69 RTD1 50 S13 Alarm2 ON 4467 69 RTD1 51 S13 Alarm2 OFF 4468 69 RTD1 52 S14 Alarm1 ON 4469 69 RTD1 53 S14 Alarm1 OFF 4470 69 RTD1 54 S14 Alarm2 ON 4471 69 RTD1 55 S14 Alarm2 OFF 4472 69 RTD1 56 S15 Alarm1 ON 4473 69 RTD1 57 S15 Alarm1 OFF 4474 69 RTD1 58 S15 Alarm2 ON 4475 69 RTD1 59 S15 Alarm2 OFF 4476 69 RTD1 60 S16 Alarm1 ON 4477 69 RTD1 61 S16 Alarm1 OFF 4478 69 RTD1 62 S16 Alarm2 ON 4479 69 ...

Page 258: ... 23 Arc fault protection IArc I0Arc 50Arc 50NArc Arc faults occur for a multitude of reasons e g insulation failure incorrect operation of the protected device corrosion overvoltage dirt moisture incorrect wiring or even because of aging caused by electric load It is important to detect the arc as fast as possible in order to minimize its effects Using arc sensors to detect arc faults is much fast...

Page 259: ...n Pressure In Arc binary input signal status Zone trip Zone blocked Sensor fault signals The arc protection function uses a total of eight 8 separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Table 5 3 23 182 Output signals of the IArc I0Arc function Outputs Activation condition Channel 1 Light In Channel 2 Light In Channel 3 Light In Channel 4 Light In The arc protection card s ...

Page 260: ... The operational logic consists of the following input magnitude selection input magnitude processing threshold comparator two block signal checks output processing The inputs for the function are the following operating mode selections setting parameters digital inputs and logic signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function outputs the TRIP BLOCKED light sensing etc signals w...

Page 261: ...to send overcurrent and master trip signals to the AQ 101 arc protection relays The AQ 100 series units send out test pulses in specific intervals to check the health of the wiring between the AQ 100 series units The parameter I I0 Arc Self supervision test pulse should be activated when connecting the AQ 100 series units to the AQ 200 series arc protection card to prevent the pulses from activati...

Page 262: ...f the channels have a pressure sensing sensor enable it the same way as the regular light sensors If either phase overcurrent or residual overcurrent is needed for the tripping decision they can be enabled in the same way as light sensors in the zone When a current channel is enabled the measured current needs to be above the set current limit in addition to light sensing Measured input Arc protec...

Page 263: ...0arc function is controlled by one of the following the phase current pick up setting the residual current pick up setting or the sensor channels The pick up setting depends on which of these are activated in the zone Table 5 3 23 184 Enabled Zone pick up settings Name Description Range Step Default Phase current pick up The phase current measurement s pick up value in p u 0 05 40 00 x In 0 01 x I...

Page 264: ... zone to trip 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the TRIP signal generation of the function The TRIP signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or th...

Page 265: ...blocking to activate in time Events and registers The arc fault protection function abbreviated ARC in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes in START TRIP and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3...

Page 266: ...71 74 ARC1 35 Channel 3 Pressure OFF 4772 74 ARC1 36 Channel 4 Light ON 4773 74 ARC1 37 Channel 4 Light OFF 4774 74 ARC1 38 Channel 4 Pressure ON 4775 74 ARC1 39 Channel 4 Pressure OFF 4776 74 ARC1 40 DI Signal ON 4777 74 ARC1 41 DI Signal OFF 4778 74 ARC1 42 I I0 Arc Sensor 1 Fault ON 4779 74 ARC1 43 I I0 Arc Sensor 1 Fault OFF 4780 74 ARC1 44 I I0 Arc Sensor 2 Fault ON 4781 74 ARC1 45 I I0 Arc S...

Page 267: ...ammable stage cycle time is 5 ms The pick up delay depends on which analog signal is used as well as its refresh rate typically under a cycle in a 50 Hz system The number of programmable stages to be used is set in the INFO tab When this function has been set as Activated the number of programmable stages can be set anywhere between one 1 and ten 10 depending on how many the application needs In t...

Page 268: ...ssed signal is easier to set although it is also possible to just use the scaling factor of 1 0 and set the desired pick up limit as the primary voltage Similaryly any chosen measurement value can be scaled to the desired form When two or three signals are chosen for comparison an additional signal PSx Magnitude handling setting appears From its drop down menu the user chooses how the signals are ...

Page 269: ... if either of the measured signals fulfills the comparison condition Similarly the user can set up a comparison of three values The table below presents the available modes for a three signal comparison Mode Description 0 Mag1 x Mag2 x Mag3 Multiplies Signals 1 2 and 3 The comparison uses the product of this calculation 1 Max Mag1 Mag2 Mag3 The biggest value of the chosen signals is used in the co...

Page 270: ...ion Each signal has their own pick up setting The image below is an example of setting an analog comparison with three signals The stage will trip if Signal 1 or Signal 2 as well as Signal 3 fulfill the pick up condition The settings for different comparisons are in the setting groups This means that each signal parameter can be changed by changing the setting group A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction ma...

Page 271: ...set relative pick up value in 20 ms in either direction the comparison condition is fulfilled The condition is not dependent on direction 6 Delta measval C Change o hange ov ver time er time If the measured signal changes more than the set pick up value in 20 ms the comparison condition is fulfilled The condition is dependent on direction 7 Delta abs measval C Change o hange ov ver time er time ab...

Page 272: ...e in p u IL2 19th h IL2 19th harmonic value in p u IL3 Description IL3 ff p u IL3 Fundamental frequency RMS value in p u IL3 2nd h IL3 2nd harmonic value in p u IL3 3rd h IL3 3rd harmonic value in p u IL3 4th h IL3 4th harmonic value in p u IL3 5th h IL3 5th harmonic value in p u IL3 7th h IL3 7th harmonic value in p u IL3 9th h IL3 9th harmonic value in p u IL3 11th h IL3 11th harmonic value in p...

Page 273: ...ic value in p u I02 9th h I02 9th harmonic value in p u I02 11th h I02 11th harmonic value in p u I02 13th h I02 13th harmonic value in p u I02 15th h I02 15th harmonic value in p u I02 17th h I02 17th harmonic value in p u I02 19th h I02 19th harmonic value in p u TRMS Description IL1 TRMS IL1 TRMS value in p u IL2 TRMS IL2 TRMS value in p u IL3 TRMS IL3 TRMS value in p u I01 TRMS I01 TRMS value ...

Page 274: ... to phase voltages Description UL12Mag UL12 Primary voltage V UL23Mag UL23 Primary voltage V UL31Mag UL31 Primary voltage V Phase to neutral voltages Description UL1Mag UL1 Primary voltage V UL2Mag UL2 Primary voltage V UL3Mag UL3 Primary voltage V U0Mag U0 Primary voltage V Angles Description UL12Ang UL12 angle UL23Ang UL23 angle UL31Ang UL31 angle UL1Ang UL1 angle UL2Ang UL2 angle UL3Ang UL3 ang...

Page 275: ...ower L3 P kW QL3 Reactive power L3 Q kVar tanfiL3 Phase active power direction L3 cosfiL3 Phase reactive power direction L3 Impedance and admit Impedance and admittance Z tance ZR RX Y X YGB GB Name Description RL12Pri Resistance R L12 primary Ω XL12Pri Reactance X L12 primary Ω RL23Pri Resistance R L23 primary Ω XL23Pri Reactance X L23 primary Ω RL31Pri Resistance R L31 primary Ω XL31Pri Reactanc...

Page 276: ...XL3Sec Reactance X L3 secondary Ω Z1Pri Impedance Z L1 primary Ω Z2Pri Impedance Z L2 primary Ω Z3Pri Impedance Z L3 primary Ω Z1Sec Impedance Z L1 secondary Ω Z2Sec Impedance Z L2 secondary Ω Z3Sec Impedance Z L3 secondary Ω Z1Angle Impedance Z L1 angle Z2Angle Impedance Z L2 angle Z3Angle Impedance Z L3 angle RSeqPri Positive Resistance R primary Ω XSeqPri Positive Reactance X primary Ω RSeqSec ...

Page 277: ...angle YL2Angle Admittance Y L2 angle YL3Angle Admittance Y L3 angle G0Pri Conductance G0 primary mS B0Pri Susceptance B0 primary mS G0Sec Conductance G0 secondary mS B0Sec Susceptance B0 secondary mS Y0Pri Admittance Y0 primary mS Y0Sec Admittance Y0 secondary mS Y0Angle Admittance Y0 angle Others Others Name Description System f System frequency Ref f1 Reference frequency 1 Ref f2 Reference frequ...

Page 278: ...ription Range Step Default PS Pick up setting Mag calc Pick up magnitude 5 000 000 0000 5 000 000 0000 0 0001 0 01 PS Setting hysteresis Mag Setting hysteresis 0 0000 50 0000 0 0001 3 Definite operating time delay Delay setting 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 04s Release time delays Pick up release delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 06s The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the STAR...

Page 279: ...nt buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 3 24 189 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 8576 134 PGS1 0 PS1 Start ON 8577 134 PGS1 1 PS1 Start OFF 8578 134 PGS1 2 PS1 Trip ON 8579 134 PGS1 3 PS1 Trip OFF 8580 134 PGS1 4 PS1 Block ON 8581 134 PGS1 5 PS1 Block OFF 8582 13...

Page 280: ... 134 PGS1 40 PS7 Trip ON 8617 134 PGS1 41 PS7 Trip OFF 8618 134 PGS1 42 PS7 Block ON 8619 134 PGS1 43 PS7 Block OFF 8620 134 PGS1 44 PS8 Start ON 8621 134 PGS1 45 PS8 Start OFF 8622 134 PGS1 46 PS8 Trip ON 8623 134 PGS1 47 PS8 Trip OFF 8624 134 PGS1 48 PS8 Block ON 8625 134 PGS1 49 PS8 Block OFF 8626 134 PGS1 50 PS9 Start ON 8627 134 PGS1 51 PS9 Start OFF 8628 134 PGS1 52 PS9 Trip ON 8629 134 PGS1...

Page 281: ...to a few volts or close to nothing In such cases when the measured voltage is absent the fault direction cannot be solved As backup non directional protection can be used for tripping but in such cases the selectivity of the network will reduce However an angle memory for voltage can be used to prevent this from happening An adjustable voltage level with pre fault voltage angles can be used as a r...

Page 282: ...angle and the actual measured phase current angle takes place While voltage memory is used the angle of phase currents drifts approximately one degree for each passing second see the graph below Figure 5 3 25 177 Voltage angle drift The blocking signal for voltage memory can be found among other stage related settings in the tab VT Module 3U 4U 1 The blocking signal is checked in the beginning of ...

Page 283: ...y is between 0 5 1 0 s When the operating time passes and voltage memory is no longer used directional overcurrent and or distance protection goes to the unidirectional mode to secure a safe tripping The memory uses longer operating times when a backup protection is applied e g in distance protection zones are farther away F For orced C ced CT f track T f tracking on VMEM ing on VMEM While fixed f...

Page 284: ...uency tracked from CT OFF 12168 190 M1VT1 8 Using Voltage memory ON 12169 190 M1VT1 9 Using Voltage memory OFF 12170 190 M1VT1 10 Voltage memory blocked ON 12171 190 M1VT1 11 Voltage memory blocked OFF 5 4 Control functions 5 4 1 Setting group selection All relay types support up to eight 8 separate setting groups The Setting group selection function block controls the availability and selection o...

Page 285: ... Force SG change is disabled again Setting groups can be controlled either by pulses or by signal levels The setting group controller block gives setting groups priority values for situations when more than one setting group is controlled at the same time the request from a higher priority setting group is taken into use Setting groups follow a hierarchy in which setting group 1 has the highest pr...

Page 286: ...ically controlled to ON after Force SG is disabled If there are no other controls the last set setting group remains active Force setting group change 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled The selection of whether the setting group forcing is enabled or disabled This setting has to be active before the setting group can be changed remotely or from a local HMI This parameter overrides the local control o...

Page 287: ...not be processed Setting group 6 0 Not active 1 Active 0 Not active The selection of Setting group 6 SG6 Has the third lowest priority input in setting group control Can be controlled with pulses or static signals If static signal control is applied SG7 and SG8 requests will not be processed Setting group 7 0 Not active 1 Active 0 Not active The selection of Setting group 7 SG7 Has the second lowe...

Page 288: ...itoring the state of the Petersen coil connection When the connection is done with one wire the setting group change logic can be applied as shown in the figure above The status of the Petersen coil controls whether Setting group 1 is active If the coil is disconnected Setting group 2 is active This way if the wire is broken for some reason the setting group is always controlled to SG2 A AQ Q F215...

Page 289: ...Figure 5 4 1 182 Setting group control two wire connection from Petersen coil status A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 288 ...

Page 290: ...itional logic With a two wire connection the state of the Petersen coil can be monitored more securely The additional logic ensures that a single wire loss will not affect the correct setting group selection The application controlled setting group change can also be applied entirely from the relay s internal logics For example the setting group change can be based on the cold load pick up functio...

Page 291: ...e of logics in setting group control One could also have SG2 be the primary SG while the ON signal would be controlled by the higher priority SG1 this way the setting group would automatically return to SG2 after the automatic control is over Events The setting group selection function block abbreviated SGS in event block names generates events from its controlling status its applied input signals...

Page 292: ... Request ON 4187 65 SGS 27 SG7 Request OFF 4188 65 SGS 28 SG8 Request ON 4189 65 SGS 29 SG8 Request OFF 4190 65 SGS 30 Remote Change SG Reqeuest ON 4191 65 SGS 31 Remote Change SG Request OFF 4192 65 SGS 32 Local Change SG Request ON 4193 65 SGS 33 Local Change SG Request OFF 4194 65 SGS 34 Force Change SG ON 4195 65 SGS 35 Force Change SG OFF 4196 65 SGS 36 SG Request Fail Not configured SG ON 41...

Page 293: ...ontrol or by remote control Local manual control can be done by relays front panel HMI or by external push buttons connected to relays digital inputs Manual remote control can be done through one of the various communication protocols available Modbus IEC101 103 104 etc The function supports the modes Direct control and Select before execute while controlled remotely Automatic controlling can be d...

Page 294: ...nds while device is in Local status Object name Objectx The user set name of the object at maximum 32 characters long Object type 0 Withdrawable circuit breaker 1 Circuit breaker 2 Disconnector MC 3 Disconnector GND 1 Circuit breaker The selection of the object type This selection defines the number of required digital inputs for the monitored object This affects the symbol displayed in the HMI an...

Page 295: ...sts 0 232 1 1 Displays the number of successful Close requests Open requests failed 0 232 1 1 Displays the number of failed Open requests Close requests failed 0 232 1 1 Displays the number of failed Close requests Clear statistics 0 1 Clear 0 Clears the request statistics setting them back to zero 0 Automatically returns to after the clearing is finished Table 5 4 2 197 Object types Name Function...

Page 296: ...ted by the user SWx A link to a physical digital input Indicates that status of the monitored object 1 means that the object is ready and the spring is charged for a close command If IEC 61850 is enabled GOOSE signals can be used for status indication Syncrocheck permission Sync Check status In Digital input or other logical signal selected by the user SWx A link to a physical digital input or a s...

Page 297: ...bjectx LOCAL Close control input Digital input or other logical signal selected by the user The local Close command from a physical digital input e g a push button Objectx LOCAL Open control input Digital input or other logical signal selected by the user The local Open command from a physical digital input e g a push button Objectx REMOTE Close control input Digital input or other logical signal ...

Page 298: ...block names generates events and registers from the status changes in monitored signals as well as control command fails and operations The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time stamped registers The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process dat...

Page 299: ...2958 46 OBJ1 14 Close Command ON 2959 46 OBJ1 15 Close Command OFF 2960 46 OBJ1 16 Open Blocked ON 2961 46 OBJ1 17 Open Blocked OFF 2962 46 OBJ1 18 Close Blocked ON 2963 46 OBJ1 19 Close Blocked OFF 2964 46 OBJ1 20 Object Ready 2965 46 OBJ1 21 Object Not Ready 2966 46 OBJ1 22 Sync Ok 2967 46 OBJ1 23 Sync Not Ok 2968 46 OBJ1 24 Open Command Fail 2969 46 OBJ1 25 Close Command Fail 2970 46 OBJ1 26 Fi...

Page 300: ... 47 OBJ2 24 Open Command Fail 3033 47 OBJ2 25 Close Command Fail 3034 47 OBJ2 26 Final trip ON 3035 47 OBJ2 27 Final trip OFF 3072 48 OBJ3 0 Object Intermediate 3073 48 OBJ3 1 Object Open 3074 48 OBJ3 2 Object Close 3075 48 OBJ3 3 Object Bad 3076 48 OBJ3 4 WD Intermediate 3077 48 OBJ3 5 WD Out 3078 48 OBJ3 6 WD In 3079 48 OBJ3 7 WD Bad 3080 48 OBJ3 8 Open Request ON 3081 48 OBJ3 9 Open Request OFF...

Page 301: ...49 OBJ4 7 WD Bad 3144 49 OBJ4 8 Open Request ON 3145 49 OBJ4 9 Open Request OFF 3146 49 OBJ4 10 Open Command ON 3147 49 OBJ4 11 Open Command OFF 3148 49 OBJ4 12 Close Request ON 3149 49 OBJ4 13 Close Request OFF 3150 49 OBJ4 14 Close Command ON 3151 49 OBJ4 15 Close Command OFF 3152 49 OBJ4 16 Open Blocked ON 3153 49 OBJ4 17 Open Blocked OFF 3154 49 OBJ4 18 Close Blocked ON 3155 49 OBJ4 19 Close B...

Page 302: ...Blocked OFF 3220 50 OBJ5 20 Object Ready 3221 50 OBJ5 21 Object Not Ready 3222 50 OBJ5 22 Sync Ok 3223 50 OBJ5 23 Sync Not Ok 3224 50 OBJ5 24 Open Command Fail 3225 50 OBJ5 25 Close Command Fail 3226 50 OBJ5 26 Final trip ON 3227 50 OBJ5 27 Final trip OFF Table 5 4 2 202 Register content Name Description Date and time dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss Event code 2944 9883 Descr Recorded Object opening time ...

Page 303: ... be changed by the use in the function s setup phase The inputs of the function are the binary status indications The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the following signals OPEN CLOSE BAD and INTERMEDIATE event signals The time stamp resolution is 1 ms Settings Function uses available hardware and software digital signal statuses These i...

Page 304: ...il the cause of the fault is repaired in the actual fault location Also when a fault cannot be cleared by auto reclosing the line any close distance short circuits should avoid initiating the auto recloser because that would only cause unnecessary stress for the lines and the circuit breakers Similar situations also rise in mixed networks since cable network faults cannot be cleared with the auto ...

Page 305: ...r the minimum Dead time setting in low voltage networks In high voltage networks the time de ionizing requires puts additional limitations on the minimum Dead time setting The user can build different schemes for evolving faults such as transient earth faults that become multi phase short circuits or overcurrent faults by changing the priorities and behaviors requests have The auto recloser functi...

Page 306: ...1 differs from the dead time in REQ2 because the air needs more time to cool and de ionize after an overcurrent or a multi phase fault than it does after an earth fault If the high set overcurrent stage activates in any situation the auto reclosing sequence is stopped the final trip is issued and the feeder closing is locked by the auto recloser A manual reset of the auto recloser s lock is requir...

Page 307: ...gas leakage In failure acknowledgement situations the auto recloser function is always put to a lock out state with a requirement for resetting once the cause of the lock out is cleared Resetting is done by an external input to the function or by closing the breaker Auto recloser sequence from Trip with two shots both fail In this auto recloser scheme the TRIP signal from the directional eath faul...

Page 308: ...ter the breaker s Closed indication is received and the auto recloser function starts calculating S Sho hot1 t1 R Reclaim T eclaim Time ime 6 The I0Dir stage trips a second time and gives the REQ2 request to the function However as the function is in the process of calculating the Shot1 Reclaim Time when it receives this request the function moves on to the next available shot Shot 2 for the reque...

Page 309: ...ased and simultaneously the REQ2 trip signal for the auto recloser is released The function is now in a steady lock out state and waits for the user to manually reset and re initialize the function by closing the breaker Auto recloser sequence from Trip with two shots high speed fails time delayed succeeds This auto recloser scheme has the same starters and shots as the previous example The settin...

Page 310: ...is released The recloser starts calculating the S Sho hot2 t2 Dead T Dead Time ime to close the breaker 8 The fault is cleared during S Sho hot2 Dead T t2 Dead Time ime After that time 60 s is exceeded the function sends a Close request to the object breaker the conditions are met and the breaker s Close command is sent to the breaker s close coil 9 The circuit breaker is closed and since the faul...

Page 311: ...coil 5 The circuit breaker is closed and since the fault was cleared no pick ups are detected The Close command is dropped after the breaker s Closed indication is received and the auto recloser function starts calculating S Sho hot1 t1 R Reclaim T eclaim Time ime 6 The S Sho hot1 t1 R Reclaim T eclaim Time ime 10 s is exceeded and so the AR Running AR Running S Sho hot 2 Running t 2 Running and A...

Page 312: ...fault duration timings are overseen by the auto recloser function and thus both the starting time and the arcing time need to be set accordingly The protection s main operating time settings should be longer than the values set to the auto recloser function this way the state changes work properly with this function Figure 5 4 4 197 Signal status graph of the permanent overcurrent auto recloser cy...

Page 313: ...ime ime for the Final Trip The Close command is dropped after the the breaker s Closed indication is received The auto recloser function also starts calculating the S Sho hot2 R t2 Reclaim T eclaim Time ime 10 The S Sho hot2 Ar t2 Arcing T cing Time ime 200 ms is exceeded and and the REQ1 request is given to the function However as the function is in the process of calculating the S Sho hot2 R t2 ...

Page 314: ...he breaker s close coil 5 The circuit breaker is closed and since fault was not cleared a new pick up of I is detected A Close command is dropped after the breaker s Closed indication is received and the auto recloser function starts calculating the S Sho hot1 R t1 Reclaim eclaim T Time ime simultaneously with the S Sho hot1 Ar t1 Arcing T cing Time ime 6 The S Sho hot1 Ar t1 Arcing T cing Time im...

Page 315: ...when they are not needed and the function skips all timers that are set to zero The user can also set is so that AR Reclaim is not used at all after a successful recloser cycle 11 The AR R AR Reclaim eclaim time is exceeded and the function is set to Ready to wait for the next request Auto recloser sequence from Start with two shots high speed succeeds This auto recloser scheme has the same starte...

Page 316: ...ve the function jumps directly to the Final Trip state and then enters the lock out state The user can control this behavior through the function settings Both reclaim times can be set to 0 s when they are not needed and the function skips all timers that are set to zero The user can also set is so that AR Reclaim is not used at all after a successful recloser cycle 7 The AR R AR Reclaim eclaim ti...

Page 317: ...ases the operation of the protection selectivity must be guaranteed by allowing all relay timing devices to completely reset during dead time to maintain the correct time discrimination after reclosing to the fault Some mechanical IDMT relays can require up to ten seconds 10 s to reset When short dead times are required the relays should reset almost immediately for the current dependent time grad...

Page 318: ...open or close during the auto recloser sequence also always causes a reset of the auto recloser For example if a breaker is closed manually during dead time towards a fault the auto recloser function enters the general reclaim mode and causes a lock out of the function The auto recloser function gives exhaustive information about its operations and statuses through online indications events regist...

Page 319: ...activated and other conditions for reclosing are met a shot is applied AR Request 4 REQ4 Any binary signal in the device The request with the fourth highest and second lowest priority it overrides all auto reclosing requests with lower priorities When this request signal is activated and other conditions for reclosing are met a shot is applied AR Request 5 REQ5 Any binary signal in the device The ...

Page 320: ...ut AR Final Trip The signal AR Final Trip is activated and displayed when the function has executed the Final Trip command This signal can be connected to any relay I O as well as to communication protocols AR Dead time ON The signal AR Dead time ON is activated and displayed when the function has opened the breaker and is calculating the time towards closing it AR Arcing time ON The signal AR Arc...

Page 321: ...counting 10 Reclaim time counting 11 AR1 Requested 12 AR2 Requested 13 AR3 Requested 14 AR4 Requested 15 AR5 Requested 16 Executing Shot1 17 Executing Shot2 18 Executing Shot3 19 Executing Shot4 20 Executing Shot5 21 Shot Clear When clicked open displays the status of the function Timer active 0 1 AR Lockout 2 AR Reset Reclaim 3 AR Start Delay 4 AR Dead Time 5 AR Discrimination 6 AR Shot Reclaim 0...

Page 322: ... successful reclosing When set to 0 00 s the recloser goes directly into the Ready state after a successful reclosing If this time is running while a new reclosing request is applied the auto recloser opens the breaker and enters the locked state to prevent further reclosing attempts This selection can be changed via the device s setting group selection in real time Object close reclaim time 0 000...

Page 323: ...n time If a new request received during the Action time calculation the auto recloser locks out during the reclaim time This selection can be changed via the device s setting group selection in real time ARx Shot action time 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 0 000s 8 Defines the action time for the shot after dead time and after the breaker is closed i e the maximum arcing time or discrimination time when th...

Page 324: ... are grouped into corresponding rows to make the setting of each shot straightforward From the settings the user can see how the reclosing cycle is executed by each request which functions initiate requests and which shots and requests are in use A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 323 ...

Page 325: ...it reasons for the auto recloser are the following AR is blocked from Blocking input AR is not enabled signal connected to AR ON OFF is not active AR is calculating the lock out delay The object Open or Close command is blocked The object status is not known intermediate or bad status General reclaim time is running AR is locked When the auto recloser function is in the Inhibit state it returns to...

Page 326: ...osing request rejected ON 4036 63 AR1 4 AR Reclosing request rejected OFF 4037 63 AR1 5 AR Reclosing request ON 4038 63 AR1 6 AR Reclosing request OFF 4039 63 AR1 7 User operated Object AR halted and reset 4040 63 AR1 8 Object failure AR locked 4041 63 AR1 9 Shot failed 4042 63 AR1 10 AR cycle ends due to a discrimination request 4043 63 AR1 11 AR Shot clear 4044 63 AR1 12 Object Close request 404...

Page 327: ...0 Shot 4 Execute OFF 4073 63 AR1 41 Shot 5 Execute ON 4074 63 AR1 42 Shot 5 Execute OFF 4075 63 AR1 43 Seqeunce finished the Final trip armed 4076 63 AR1 44 Final trip executed 4077 63 AR1 45 Lock out time ON 4078 63 AR1 46 Lock out time OFF 4079 63 AR1 47 General reclaim time ON 4080 63 AR1 48 General reclaim time OFF 4081 63 AR1 49 Shot start time ON 4082 63 AR1 50 Shot start time OFF 4083 63 AR...

Page 328: ... AR2 Requested Executing Shot 1 AR Timers No timers running 0 000 s dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss AR Status AR is ready AR is not running Start time counting AR2 Requested Executing Shot 1 AR Timers Start Delay 0 000 s dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss AR Status AR is ready AR is running Start time counting AR2 Requested Executing Shot 1 AR Timers Start Delay 0 000 s dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss AR Status AR is ready ...

Page 329: ...uting the Close command which caused the dead time to be 270 ms longer that its set value The reason for this behavior can be verified from the object control and monitoring function s registers The example below shows that the object was not ready when it received the closing request from the auto recloser function and kept the request pending until it was ready to execute the Close command dd mm...

Page 330: ...areas of the industrial network may find the cold load pick up function useful The operating decisions are based on phase current magnitudes and magnitude changes which the function constantly measures The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation i e the user or user defined logic can change function parameters wh...

Page 331: ...the ratio between the setting values and the measured magnitude Im for each of the three phases The reset ratio of 97 is built into the function and is always relative to the setting value The setting value is common for all measured phases When the Im exceeds the setting value in single dual or all phases it triggers the pick up operation of the function Table 5 4 5 214 Pick up settings Name Rang...

Page 332: ...If the blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further If the CLPU ACT function has been activated before the blocking signal it resets and processes the release time characteristics similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stam...

Page 333: ...tionally this parameter operates as the reclaim time for the function in case the inrush current is not immediately initiated in the start up sequence The six examples below showcase some typical cases with the cold load pick up function Figure 5 4 5 206 Example of timers and pick up parameters normal CLPU situation In the example above the cold load pick up function activates after the measured c...

Page 334: ... current dips below the Ilow setting because the Tset is not exceeded and therefore no cold load pick up signal is issued If the user wants the function to activate within a shorter period of time the Tset parameter can be se to a lower value If the user wants no delay the Tset can be zero seconds and the operation will be immediate A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 333 ...

Page 335: ...fter the measured current dips below the Ilow setting and has been there for Tset amount of time When the Im exceeds the Ihigh setting a counter starts counting towards the Tmax time The measured current exceeds the Iover setting during the start up situation and causes the cold load pick up signal to be released immediately A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 334 ...

Page 336: ... activates after the measured current has stayed below the Ilow setting for a Tset amount of time When the current exceeds the Ihigh setting a timer starts counting towards the Tmax time The measured current stays above the Ihigh setting until the Tmax is reached which causes the release of the cold load pick up signal A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 335 ...

Page 337: ...ction activates after the measured current has stayed below the Ilow setting for a Tset amount of time The current stays between the Ilow setting and the Ihigh setting so the cold load pick up signal is active for Tmin time As no inrush current is detected during that time the signal is released A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 336 ...

Page 338: ...the start up is over and the Tmin time is over Events and registers The cold load pick up function abbreviated CLP in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes of the LowStart HighStart LoadNormal Overcurrent CLPUActivated and BLOCKED signals of the cold load pick up function as well as from the internal pick up comparators The user can select which event messages ar...

Page 339: ...eding up the tripping when the breaker is closed towards a fault or forgotten earthing to reduce the damage in the fault location The function can be used to control protection functions or it can be used to directly trip a breaker if any of the connected protection functions starts during the set SOTF time The operation of the function is instant after the conditions are met and any one signal co...

Page 340: ...n input The function input activates the function s instant trip if applied when the function is calculating the SOTF time Settings The switch on to fault function has one setting and it determines how long the function remains active after it has been triggered If the inputs receive any of the set signals during this time the function s trip is activated Table 5 4 6 220 Active settings Name Range...

Page 341: ...SOTF Active OFF 3910 61 SOF1 6 SOTF Trip ON 3911 61 SOF1 7 SOTF Trip OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve 12 time stamped registers The register of the function records the ON process data of ACTIVATED events The table below presents the structure of the function s register content Table 5 4 6 223 Register content Date and time Event code SOTF remaining time SOTF been acti...

Page 342: ... the U3 channel and the selected system voltage UL1 UL2 UL3 UL12 UL23 or UL31 SYN2 Supervises the synchronization condition between the U4 channel and the selected system voltage UL1 UL2 UL3 UL12 UL23 or UL31 SYN3 Supervises the synchronization condition between the channels U3 and U4 The seven images below present three different example connections and four example applications of the synchroche...

Page 343: ...synchrocheck function 2LL U0 U4 mode SYN1 in use UL12 as reference voltage Figure 5 4 7 215 Example connection of the synchrocheck function 2LL U3 U4 mode SYN3 in use UL12 as reference voltage A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 342 ...

Page 344: ...mple application synchrocheck over one breaker with 3LL and 3LN VT connections Figure 5 4 7 217 Example application synchrocheck over one breaker with 2LL VT connection A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 343 ...

Page 345: ...Figure 5 4 7 218 Example application synchrocheck over two breakers with 2LL VT connection A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 344 ...

Page 346: ...he measured voltages The outputs of the function are the SYN OK BYPASS and BLOCKED signals The synchrocheck function uses a total of eight 8 separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source Depending on how the measured voltage compares to the set U live and U dead parameters either system can be in a live or a dead state The parameter SYNx U conditions is used to determine the...

Page 347: ...es The following figures present simplified function block diagrams of the synchrocheck function Figure 5 4 7 221 Simplified function block diagram of the SYN1 and SYN2 function A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 346 ...

Page 348: ...RMS measurement of voltage U1 V 5ms U2RMS RMS measurement of voltage U2 V 5ms U3RMS RMS measurement of voltage U3 V 5ms U4RMS RMS measurement of voltage U4 V 5ms Read only parameters The relay s Info page displays useful real time information on the state of the protection function It is accessed either through the relay s HMI display or through the setting tool software when it is connected to th...

Page 349: ...cement atm 360 360deg 0 001deg Networks placement in degrees Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the synchronization is OK a SYN OK signal is generated If the blocking signal is active when the SYN OK activates a BL...

Page 350: ...s Estimated time between a close command given to a breaker and the breaker entering the closed state This setting is used to time the closing of the breaker so that both sides are as synchronized as possible when the breaker is actually closed This setting is only visible when SYN1 switching is activated SYN1 Switching object 0 Object 1 1 Object 2 2 Object 3 3 Object 4 4 Object 5 0 Object 1 When ...

Page 351: ...tatus changes such as SYN OK BYPASS and BLOCKED The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The function offers three 3 independent stages the events are segregated for each stage operation The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 4 7 228 Event codes Event number Event channel Event bloc...

Page 352: ...913 45 SYN1 33 SYN3 Bypass OFF 2914 45 SYN1 34 SYN3 Volt condition OK 2915 45 SYN1 35 SYN3 Volt cond not match 2916 45 SYN1 36 SYN3 Volt diff Ok 2917 45 SYN1 37 SYN3 Volt diff out of setting 2918 45 SYN1 38 SYN3 Angle diff Ok 2919 45 SYN1 39 SYN3 Angle diff out of setting 2920 45 SYN1 40 SYN3 Frequency diff Ok 2921 45 SYN1 41 SYN3 Frequency diff out of setting 2922 45 SYN1 42 SYN1 Switch ON 2923 4...

Page 353: ...r It is also much more simple and cost effective The benefits of 4 20 mA loops the dominant standard in many industries the simplest option to connect and configure uses less wiring and connections than other signals thus greatly reducing initial setup costs good for travelling long distances as current does not degrade over long connections like voltage does less sensitive to background electrica...

Page 354: ...ontrol Magnitude of mA output channel dependent on the measurement category selection dependent on the measurement category selection Defines the measurement magnitude used for mA output control The available measurements depend on the selection of the Magnitude selection for mA output channel parameter Input value 1 107 107 0 001 0 The first input point in the mA output control curve Scaled mA ou...

Page 355: ...he ratio between the power generation and the demand of the islanded system When any power is supplied to a load only from distributed generators due to the opening of the main switch the situation is called an isolated island operation or an islanded operation of the electrical distribution network The vector jump control function is suitable to detect most islanding situations and to switch off ...

Page 356: ...The function also provides a resettable cumulative counter for the ALARM TRIP and BLOCKED events The following figure presents a simplified function block diagram of the vector jump function Figure 5 4 9 225 Simplified function block diagram of the Δφ function Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values and always uses complex measurement from samples A 20 ms averaged ...

Page 357: ... can even break the rotor and cause subsequent damage not only for the generator but for the entire power plant too Figure 5 4 9 226 Generator islanding As can be seen in the example above only phase to phase voltages L1 L2 and L3 L1 have been reduced while voltage L2 L3 remains the same This means that the problem occured in phase L1 of the network The voltage level is not reduced to zero nor is ...

Page 358: ...ting for alarm signal 0 05 30 00 0 01 5 Undervoltage block limit Un Block setting If set to zero blocking is not in use The operation is explained in the next chapter 0 00 100 00 Un 0 01 Un 95 Un The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START or TRIP signal generation of the function The START signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active Read only parameters...

Page 359: ...f the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay s testing mode Enable stage forcing is activated General Device The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system The b...

Page 360: ...as been activated or disabled it remains in that state until given a new command to switch to the opposite state see the image below The switch cannot be controlled by an auxiliary input such as digital inputs or logic signals it can only be controlled locally mimic or remotely RTU Settings These settings can be accessed at Control Device I O Programmable control switch Table 5 4 10 239 Settings N...

Page 361: ...n cards mA inputs in mA output mA input option cards Digital input voltages Table 5 4 11 241 Main settings input channel Name Range Step Default Description Analog input scaling 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Enables and disables the input Scaling curve 1 4 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Enables and disables the scaling curve and the input measurement Curve 1 4 input signal select 0 S7 mA In...

Page 362: ...time constant This is why rapid changes and disturbances such as fast spikes are smothered The Nyquist rate states that the filter time constant must be at least double the period time of the disturbance process signal For example the value for the filter time constant is 2 seconds for a 1 second period time of a disturbance oscillation When the curve signal is out of range it activates the ASC1 4...

Page 363: ...alue 2 0 4000 0 000 01 1 The measured input value at Curve Point 2 Scaled output value 1 107 107 0 000 01 0 Scales the measured milliampere signal at Point 2 Add curvepoint 3 20 0 Not used 1 Used 0 Not used Allows the user to create their own curve with up to twenty 20 curve points instead of using a linear curve between two points 5 4 12 Logical outputs Logical outputs are used for sending binary...

Page 364: ... logical input which has been set to Hold mode is controlled to 1 the input will switch to status 1 and it stays in that status until it is given a control command to go to status 0 or until the device is rebooted When a logical input which has been set to Pulse mode is controlled to 1 the input will switch to status 1 and return back to 0 after 5 ms The figure below presents the operation of a lo...

Page 365: ...s used for monitoring the CTs as well as the wirings between the device and the CT inputs for malfunctions and wire breaks An open CT circuit can generate dangerously high voltages into the CT secondary side and cause unintended activations of current balance monitoring functions Figure 5 5 1 231 Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 364 ...

Page 366: ... alarm to activate None of the three phase currents exceeds the Iset high limit setting At least one of the three phase currents exceeds the Iset low limit setting At least one of the three phase currents are below the Iset low limit setting The ratio between the calculated minum and maximum of the three phase currents is below the Iset ratio setting The ratio between the negative sequence and the...

Page 367: ...he user can select what is used for the residual current measurement nothing the I01 RMS measurement or the I02 RMS measurement Table 5 5 1 243 Measured inputs of the CTS function Signal Description Time base IL1RMS RMS measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2RMS RMS measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms I01RMS RMS measurement of residual input I01...

Page 368: ...d while the line is energized the currently present calculated residual current is compensated to 0 Pick up The Iset and I0set setting parameters control the current dependent pick up and activation of the current transformer supervision function They define the minimum and maximum allowed measured current before action from the function The function constantly calculates the ratio between the set...

Page 369: ...ng signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function s dedicated input If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick up element activates a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation If the blocking signal is active when the pick up element activates a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation furt...

Page 370: ... Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring When a fault is detected and all conditions are met the CTS timer starts counting If the situation continues until the set time has passed the function issues an alarm A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 369 ...

Page 371: ...il the set time has passed the function issues an alarm This means that the function supervises both the primary and the secondary circuit Figure 5 5 1 236 No wiring fault but heavy unbalance If any of the phases exceed the Iset high limit setting the operation of the function is not activated This behavior is applied to short circuits and earth faults even when the fault current exceeds the Iset ...

Page 372: ...ing parameters are adjusted according to the application s normal behavior the operation of the function can be set to be very sensitive for broken circuit and conductor faults Figure 5 5 1 238 Normal situation residual current also measured When the residual condition is added with the I0 input selection the sum of the current and the residual current are compared against each other to verify the...

Page 373: ... and alarm shall be issued in case if the situation continues until the set alarming time is met Figure 5 5 1 240 Broken primary phase current wiring In this example all other condition are met except the residual difference That is now 0 In which indicates a primary side fault A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 372 ...

Page 374: ... ALARM ACTIVATED and BLOCKED signals The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 5 1 246 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 3328 52 CTS1 0 Alarm ON 3329 52 CTS1 1 Alarm OFF 3330 52 CTS1 2 Block ON 3331 5...

Page 375: ...Setting group 1 8 active 5 5 2 Voltage transformer supervision 60 Voltage transformer supervision is used to detect errors in the secondary circuit of the voltage transformer during fuse failure This signal is mostly used as an alarming function or to disable functions that require adequate voltage measurement Figure 5 5 2 242 Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring The following figure present...

Page 376: ...L12RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL12 V 5ms UL23RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL23 V 5ms UL31RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL31 V 5ms UL1RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL1 V 5ms UL2RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL2 V 5ms UL3RMS RMS measurement of voltage UL3 V 5ms U1P Positive sequence voltage 5ms U2N Negative sequence voltage 5ms UZ0 Zero sequence voltage 5ms UL12Ang Angle of UL12 voltage 5ms...

Page 377: ...t the state of the bus fuse is supervised The supervised signal is determined the VTS MCB Trip bus setting I O Fuse failure inputs Line fuse fail check 0 No 1 Yes 1 Yes Selects whether or not the state of the line fuse is supervised The supervised signal is determined by the VTS MCB Trip line setting I O Fuse failure inputs The pick up activation of the function is not directly equal to the START ...

Page 378: ...e blocking signal it resets and the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick up signal is reset The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a time stamped blocking event with information of the startup voltage values and its fault type to be issued The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the re...

Page 379: ...tatus System status Input A B C D angle diff Trip time remaining Used SG dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 3392 3403 Descr 0 No voltage 1 Voltage OK 2 Low voltage 0 Bus dead 1 Bus live VTS OK Seq OK 2 Bus live VTS OK Seq reversed 3 Bus live VTS OK Seq undefined 4 Bus live VTS fault 0 00 360 00deg 0 1800s Setting group 1 8 active 5 5 3 Circuit breaker wear The circuit breaker wear function is used for monito...

Page 380: ...mmand The outputs of the function are the ALARM 1 and ALARM 2 signals The inputs for the function are the following setting parameters binary output signals measured and pre processed current magnitudes The function s output signals can be used for direct I O controlling and user logic programming The function generates general time stamped ON OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the...

Page 381: ... The number of interrupting life operations at the rated breaking current Open Current 1 Inom 0 100 00kA 0 01kA 1kA The rated normal current RMS Current 2 Imax 0 100 00kA 0 01kA 20kA The rated short circuit breaking current RMS Pick up for alarming For the alarm stages Alarm 1 and Alarm 2 the user can set the pick up level for the number of operations left The pick up setting is common for all pha...

Page 382: ...pecifications provided by the manufacturer with the data relevant to our settings highlighted in red Now we set the stage as follows Parameter Setting Current 1 0 80 kA Operation 1 30 000 operations Current 2 16 00 kA Operations 2 100 operations Enable Alarm 1 1 Enabled Alarm 1 Set 1000 operations Enable Alarm 2 1 Enabled A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 381 ...

Page 383: ...cess data The table below presents the structure of the function s register content Table 5 5 3 257 Register content Date and time Event code Trigger current All Op ITrg Deduct Op Op Left dd mm yyyy hh mm ss mss 3712 3716 Descr Phase currents on trigger time Allowed operations with trigger current Deducted operations from the cumulative sum Operations left 5 5 4 Fault locator 21FL The fault locato...

Page 384: ...available voltages the function can only record phase to phase impedance loops If there are available voltages the function can also record phase to neutral impedance loops Depending on the measured phase currents at the moment the triggering signal was received the recorded impedance loop is selected from the available options See the table Required current conditions for more information on whic...

Page 385: ...stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both The events triggered by the function are recorded with a time stamp and with process data values Table 5 5 4 261 Event codes Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 2752 43 FLX1 0 Flocator triggered ON 2753 43 FLX1 1 Flocator triggered OFF 2754 43 FLX1 2 Flocator Calculation ON 2755 43 FLX1 3 Flocator Calculation OFF The fun...

Page 386: ...ng signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation i e the user or user defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running This only applies if the alarming is activated The outputs of the function are the START and ALARM ACT signals for the phase current THDPH and the residual currents THDI01 and THDI02 a...

Page 387: ...me base IL1FFT FFT measurement of phase L1 A current 5ms IL2FFT FFT measurement of phase L2 B current 5ms IL3FFT FFT measurement of phase L3 C current 5ms I01FFT FFT measurement of residual I01 current 5ms I02FFT FFT measurement of residual I02 current 5ms The selection of the calculation method is made with a setting parameter common for all measurement channels General settings The following gen...

Page 388: ...e of the phases measured THD value has to exceed this setting in order for the alarm signal to activate I01 THD pick up 0 10 100 00 0 01 10 00 The pick up setting for the THD alarm element from the residual current I01 The measured THD value has to exceed this setting in order for the alarm signal to activate I02 THD pick up 0 10 100 00 0 01 10 00 The pick up setting for the THD alarm element from...

Page 389: ...ault Description Phase THD alarm delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 10 000s Defines the delay for the alarm timer from the phase currents measured THD I01 THD alarm delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 10 000s Defines the delay for the alarm timer from the residual current I01 s measured THD I02 THD alarm delay 0 000 1800 000s 0 005s 10 000s Defines the delay for the alarm timer from the residual current I02 s ...

Page 390: ...he recorder s analog channels is 64 samples per cycle The recorder also supports 95 digital channels simultaneously with the twenty 20 measured analog channels The recorder provides a great tool to analyze the performance of the power system during network disturbance situations The recorder s output is in general COMTRADE format and it is compatible with most viewers and injection devices The fil...

Page 391: ...I01 f Residual current I01 fine CT card 3 I02 c Residual current I02 coarse CT card 3 I02 f Residual current I02 fine CT card 3 ISup_3 Current measurement module voltage supply supervision CT card 3 UL1 2 VT2 Line to neutral UL1 or line to line voltage U12 VT card 2 UL2 3 VT2 Line to neutral UL2 or line to line voltage U23 VT card 2 UL3 1 VT2 Line to neutral UL3 or line to line voltage U31 VT card...

Page 392: ...I01 I02 Pha curr ILx TRMS Phase current TRMS ILx IL1 IL2 IL3 P P curr ILx Phase to phase current ILx IL1 IL2 IL3 Pha curr ILx TRMS Sec Secondary phase current TRMS IL1 IL2 IL3 P P curr I0x Phase to phase current I0x I01 I02 Voltages Ux Volt p u Ux voltage in per unit values U1 U2 U3 U4 System volt ULxx mag Magnitude of the system voltage ULxx UL12 UL23 UL31 Ux Volt pri Primary Ux voltage U1 U2 U3 ...

Page 393: ...rent I0x I01 I02 ILx Reactive Current Pri Primary reactive current ILx IL1 IL2 IL3 I0x Residual Reactive Current Sec Secondary residual reactive current I0x I01 I02 Power GYB frequency Lx PF Lx power factor L1 L2 L3 Curve x Input Input of Curve x 1 2 3 4 POW1 3PH Apparent power S Three phase apparent power Curve x Output Output of Curve x 1 2 3 4 POW1 3PH Apparent power S MVA Three phase apparent ...

Page 394: ...ring event signals see the individual function description for the specific outputs Status PushButton x Off Status of Push Button 1 12 is OFF Always True False Always false is always 0 Always true is always 1 Forced SG in use Stage forcing in use OUTx Output contact statuses SGx Active Setting group 1 8 active GOOSE INx GOOSE input 1 64 Double Ethernet LinkA down Double ethernet communication card...

Page 395: ...urn back to automatically Clear all records 0 1 Clear 0 Clears all disturbance recordings Clear newest record 0 1 Clear 0 Clears the newest stored disturbance recording Clear oldest record 0 1 Clear 0 Clears the oldest stored disturbance recording Max number of recordings 0 100 1 Displays the maximum number of recordings that can be stored in the device s memory with settings currently in use The ...

Page 396: ...server of the relay Up to six 6 recordings can be stored in the FTP at once Once those six recordings have been retrieved and removed more recordings will then be pushed to the FTP When a recording has been sent to the FTP server of the relay it is no longer accessible through setting tools Disturbance recorder Get DR files command Recorder digital channels 0 95 freely selectable channels Selects ...

Page 397: ...y using the setting tool software or relay HMI and the results are analyzed with the AQviewer software is automatically downloaded and installed with AQtivate Registered users can download the latest tools from the Arcteq website arcteq fi downloads In this example we want the recordings to be made according to the following specifications the recording length is 6 0 s the sample rate is 64 s c th...

Page 398: ...nalyzed by using the AQviewer software see the image below However the recording must first be made accessible to AQViewer The user can read it from the device s memory Disturbance recorder Get DR files Alternatively the user can load the recordings individually Disturbance recorder DR List from a folder in the PC s hard disk drive the exact location of the folder is described in Tools Settings DR...

Page 399: ... measured signals Analog channels on the left to move them to the plotter In the image below on the left the phase currents IL1 IL2 and IL3 are selected AQViewer color codes them automatically If you want to add another plotter choose the blue icon in the main toolbar on the top Please note that the Add plotter text appears when you move the cursor on top of the icon Once clicked the Add graph pop...

Page 400: ... out the amplitude of individual plotters by holding down S Shift hift and scrolling the mouse wheel up and down respectively 4 You can toggle between primary P and secondary S signals numbered 4 in the image below Events The disturbance recorder function abbreviated DR in event block names generates events and registers from the status changes of the function the recorder generates an event each ...

Page 401: ...er the measurements are recorded in the setting tool or in the relay If the recording is done in the setting tool both the setting tool software and its Live Edit mode have to be activated The user can change the recording file location by editing the Path field File names can also be changed with the File name field Hitting the Record button the big red circle starts the recorder Please note that...

Page 402: ...Pha Curr IL3 TRMS Pri I Pos Seq Curr angle L2 Exp Imp Act E balance kWh Pri Pos Seq Curr I Neg Seq Curr angle L2 Exp React Cap E Mvarh Pri Neg Seq Curr I Zero Seq Curr angle L2 Exp React Cap E kvarh Pri Zero Seq Curr V Volta oltage mea ge measur surements ements L2 Imp React Cap E Mvarh Res Curr I01 TRMS Pri U1Volt Pri L2 Imp React Cap E kvarh Res Curr I02 TRMS Pri U2Volt Pri L2 Exp Imp React Cap ...

Page 403: ...urr U2Volt TRMS p u Exp Active Energy MWh Res Curr I01 TRMS U3Volt p u Exp Active Energy kWh Res Curr I02 TRMS U4Volt p u Imp Active Energy MWh Pha L1 ampl THD Pos Seq Volt p u Imp Active Energy kWh Pha L2 ampl THD Neg Seq Volt p u Exp Imp Act E balance MWh Pha L3 ampl THD Zero Seq Volt p u Exp Imp Act E balance kWh Pha L1 pow THD U1Volt Angle Exp React Cap E Mvarh Pha L2 pow THD U2Volt Angle Exp ...

Page 404: ...rement I Pri Zero Seq Curr System Volt UL1 ang S4 Measurement Res Curr I 01 TRMS Pri System Volt UL2 ang S5 Measurement Res Curr I 02 TRMS Pri System Volt UL3 ang S6 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L1 System Volt U0 ang S7 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L2 System Volt U1 ang S8 Measurement Sec Pha Curr I L3 System Volt U2 ang S9 Measurement Sec Res Curr I 01 System Volt U3 ang S10 Measurement Sec Res Curr ...

Page 405: ...on records the value of the selected magnitudes at the time of a pre defined trigger signal An typical application is the recording of fault currents or voltages at the time of the breaker trips it can also be used to record the values from any trigger signal set by the user The user can select whether the function records per unit values or primary values Additionally the user can set the functio...

Page 406: ...se currents IL1Ang IL2Ang IL3Ang I01Ang I02Ang I0CalcAng I1Ang I2Ang The angles of each measured current V Volta oltages ges Descrip Description tion UL1Mag UL2Mag UL3Mag UL12Mag UL23Mag UL31Mag U0Mag U0CalcMag The magnitudes of phase voltages of phase to phase voltages and of residual voltages U1 Pos seq V mag U2 Neg seq V mag The positive sequence voltage and the negative sequence voltage UL1Ang...

Page 407: ...f f1 The reference frequency 1 Ref f2 The reference frequency 2 M thermal T The motor thermal temperature F thermal T The feeder thermal temperature T thermal T The transformer thermal temperature RTD meas 1 16 The RTD measurement channels 1 16 Ext RTD meas 1 8 The external RTD measurement channels 1 8 ADAM module Reported values When triggered the function holds the recorded values of up to eight...

Page 408: ...21 I0Dir Trip 22 I0Dir Trip 23 I0Dir Trip 24 I0Dir Trip 25 f Trip 26 f Trip 27 f Trip 28 f Trip 29 f Trip 30 f Trip 31 f Trip 32 f Trip 33 P Trip 34 P Trip 35 Prev Trip 36 T Trip 37 I2 Trip 38 I2 Trip 39 I2 Trip 40 I2 Trip 41 U1 2 Trip 42 U1 2 Trip 43 U1 2 Trip 44 U1 2 Trip 45 U0 Trip 46 U0 Trip 47 U0 Trip 48 U0 Trip The tripped stage Overcurrent fault type 0 1 A G 2 B G 3 A B 4 C G 5 A C 6 B C 7 ...

Page 409: ... 000 A V p u 0 001 A V p u The recorded value in one of the eight channels Events The measurement value recorder function abbreviated VREC in event block names generates events from the function triggers The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer ON OFF or both Table 5 5 8 280 Event codes Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 9984 156 ...

Page 410: ... 0 255 255 255 255 Defines the address of the NTP client NO NOTE TE This address must be different than the relay s IP address Netmask 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 Defines the client s netmask Gateway 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 Defines the client s gateway MAC address Displays the MAC address of the client Network status 0 Running 1 IP error 2 NM error 3 GW error Displays the status or possible errors of ...

Page 411: ... 1 Enabled Enables and disables the Modbus TCP on the Ethernet port IP port 0 65 535 Defines the IP port used by Modbus TCP The standard port and the default setting is 502 Event read mode 0 Get oldest available 1 Continue previous connection 2 New events only 0 Get oldest event possible Default and current implementation 1 Continue with the event idx from previous connection 2 Get only new events...

Page 412: ...Channel 7 or None Selects the number of channels to be used by the module Table 6 1 3 288 Channel settings Name Range Step Default Description T C type 0 20mA 1 4 20mA 2 Type J 3 Type K 4 Type T 5 Type E 6 Type R 7 Type S 1 4 20mA Selects the thermocouple or the mA input connected to the I O module Types J K T and E are nickel alloy thermocouples while Types R and S are platinum rhodium alloy ther...

Page 413: ...easurement Apparent power deadband 0 1 1000 0kVA 0 1kVA 2kVA Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Power factor deadband 0 01 0 99 0 01 0 05 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Frequency deadband 0 01 1 00Hz 0 01Hz 0 1Hz Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Current deadband 0 01 50 00A 0 01A 5A Determin...

Page 414: ...Rev 1 232 1 1 1 Defines the configuration revision that will be matched with the publisher s GOOSE control block Data index DataIdx 0 99 1 Defines the data index of the value in the matched published frame It is the status of the GOOSE input NextIdx is quality 0 No 1 Yes 0 No Selects whether or not the next received input is the quality bit of the GOOSE input Data type 0 Boolean 1 Integer 2 Unsign...

Page 415: ...Communication DNP3 IP port 0 65 535 1 20 000 Defines the IP port used by the protocol Slave address 1 65 519 1 1 Defines the DNP3 slave address of the unit Master address 1 65 534 1 2 Defines the address for the allowed master Link layer time out 0 60 000ms 1ms 0ms Defines the length of the time out for the link layer Link layer retries 1 20 1 1 Defines the number of retries for the link layer Dia...

Page 416: ...r deadband 0 1 1000 0kW 0 1kW 2kW Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Reactive power deadband 0 1 1000 0kVar 0 1kVar 2kVar Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Apparent power deadband 0 1 1000 0kVA 0 1kVA 2kVA Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Power factor deadband 0 01 0 99 0 01 0 05 Determines the...

Page 417: ...er address 0 65 534 1 1 Defines the address for the link layer Link layer address size 1 2 1 2 Defines the address size of the link layer Information object address size 2 3 1 3 Defines the address size of the information object Cause of transmission size 1 2 1 2 Defines the cause of transmission size IEC 104 settings Table 6 1 8 295 IEC 104 settings Name Range Step Default Description IEC 104 ena...

Page 418: ...d settings for this measurement Apparent power deadband 0 1 1000 0kVA 0 1kVA 2kVA Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Power factor deadband 0 01 0 99 0 01 0 05 Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Frequency deadband 0 01 1 00Hz 0 01Hz 0 1Hz Determines the data reporting deadband settings for this measurement Current deadband 0 01 50 ...

Page 419: ...e menu or through a communication protocol if one is in use The following table presents the setting parameters available for the 12 channels Table 6 2 297 Fault register settings Name Range Step Default Description Select record source 0 Not in use 1 12 I I I I IL1 IL2 IL3 13 24 Id Id Id Id IL1 IL2 IL3 25 28 I0 I0 I0 I0 I0 29 32 I0d I0d I0d I0d I0 33 FLX 0 Not in use Selects the protection functi...

Page 420: ...ce current I0CalcMag Residual current calculated from phase currents IL1Ang IL2Ang IL3Ang I01Ang I02Ang I0CalcAng I1Ang I2Ang Angles of each measured current Voltages UL1Mag UL2Mag UL3Mag UL12Mag UL23Mag UL31Mag U0Mag U0CalcMag Magnitudes of phase voltages phase to phase voltages and residual voltages U1 Pos seq V mag U2 Neg seq V mag Positive and negative sequence voltages UL1Ang UL2Ang UL3Ang UL...

Page 421: ...ent channels 1 8 ADAM module Settings Table 6 3 299 Settings Name Range Step Default Description Measurement value recorder mode 0 Disabled 1 Activated 0 Disabled Activates and disables the real time signals to communication Scale current values to primary 0 No 1 Yes 0 No Selects whether or not values are scaled to primary Slot X magnitude selection 0 Currents 1 Voltages 2 Powers 3 Impedance ZRX a...

Page 422: ...7 Connections and application examples 7 1 Connections of AQ F215 Figure 7 1 252 AQ F215 variant without add on modules A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 421 ...

Page 423: ...Figure 7 1 253 AQ F215 variant with digital input and output modules A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 422 ...

Page 424: ... 1 32R P 1 32O Idir 4 67 I0dir 4 67N I0Int 1 67NT U 59 4 U 27 4 U0 59N 4 f 81O 81U 8 df dt 81R 1 Voltage based U1 2 47 27P 59PN 4 α 78 1 Iv 51V 1 Iarc I0arc 50Arc 50NArc OPTIONAL 7 2 Application example and its connections This chapter presents an application example for the feeder protection IED Since three line to neutral voltages and the zero sequence voltage U4 are connected this application u...

Page 425: ... chapter presents the two phase three wire ARON input connection for any AQ 200 series IED with a current transformer The example is for applications with protection CTs for just two phases The connection is suitable for both motor and feeder applications A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 424 ...

Page 426: ...er supply through the IED s digital output and all the way to the open coil of the breaker It is recommended to supervise the health of the trip circuit when breaker is closed Trip circuit supervision with one digital input and one non latched trip output The figure below presents an application scheme for trip circuit supervision with one digital input and a non latched trip output With this conn...

Page 427: ...uld therefore be added to the digital input An activation delay that is slightly longer than the circuit breaker s operations time should be enough When circuit breaker failure protection CBFP is used adding its operation time to the digital input activation time is useful The whole digital input activation time is therefore tDI tCB tIEDrelease tCBFP The image below presents the necessary settings...

Page 428: ... same time The IED s output relay contact opens in under 50 ms or after a set release delay that takes place after the breaker is opened This means that the open coil is energized for a while after the breaker has already opened The coil could even be energized a moment longer if the circuit breaker failure protection has to be used and the incomer performs the trip Trip circuit supervision with o...

Page 429: ...e breaker is closed again The following logic scheme or similar blocks the supervision alarm when the circuit breaker is open The alarm is issued whenever the breaker is closed and whenever the inverted digital input signal TCS activates A normally closed digital input activates only when there is something wrong with the trip circuit and the auxiliary power goes off Logical output can be used in ...

Page 430: ...Figure 7 4 261 Example block scheme A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 429 ...

Page 431: ...e add on modules such as digital I O modules integrated arc protection or another special module The only difference between the slots affecting device scalability is that Slots E and F also support communication options When an add on module is inserted into the device the start up scan searches for modules according to their type designation code If the module location or content is not what the...

Page 432: ... OUT3 OUT4 and OUT5 2 Scan Scans Slot A and finds the four channels of the VT module fixed for AQ X215 If the VTM is not found the device issues an alarm 3 Scan Scans Slot B which should always remain empty in AQ X215 devices If it is not empty the device issues an alarm 4 Scan Scans Slot C and moves to the next slot if Slot C is empty If the scan finds an 8DI module that is a module with eight di...

Page 433: ...ion to Scan 6 checks which designations have been reserved by modules in previous slots and numbers the new ones accordingly Thus far this document has only explained the installation of I O add on cards to the option module slots This is because all other module types are treated in a same way For example when an additional communication port is installed into the upper port of the communication ...

Page 434: ...digital inputs Model with 2 digital inputs Model with 2 digital inputs X 1 Digital input 1 nominal threshold voltage 24 V 110 V or 220 V Digital input 1 nominal threshold voltage 24 V 110 V or 220 V X 2 Digital input 2 nominal threshold voltage 24 V 110 V or 220 V GND for digital input 1 X 3 Digital input 3 nominal threshold voltage 24 V 110 V or 220 V Digital input 2 nominal threshold voltage 24 ...

Page 435: ...chnical data section of this document Digital input settings The settings described in the table below can be found at Control Device I O Digital input settings in the relay settings Table 8 2 301 Digital input settings Name Range Step Default Description DIx Polarity 0 NO Normally open 1 NC Normally closed 0 NO Selects whether the status of the digital input is 1 or 0 when the input is energized ...

Page 436: ...ts is 5 A The input nominal current can be scaled for secondary currents of 1 10 A The secondary currents are calibrated to nominal currents of 1 A and 5 A which provide 0 5 inaccuracy when the range is 0 005 4 In The measurement ranges are as follows Phase currents 25 mA 250 A RMS Coarse residual current 5 mA 150 A RMS Fine residual current 1 mA 75 A RMS The characteristics of phase current input...

Page 437: ... fuses The nominal voltage can be set between 100 400 V Voltages are calibrated in a range of 0 240 V which provides 0 2 inaccuracy in the same range The voltage input characteristics are as follows The measurement range is 0 5 480 0 V per channel The angle measurement inaccuracy is less than 0 5 degrees within the nominal range The frequency measurement range of the voltage inputs is 6 1800 Hz wi...

Page 438: ...s original installation when required The properties of the inputs in this module are the same as those of the inputs in the main processor module The current consumption of the digital inputs is 2 mA when activated while the range of the operating voltage is from 0 265 VAC DC The activation and release thresholds are set in the software and the resolution is 1 V All digital inputs are scannced in...

Page 439: ...lay 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s Defines the delay when the status changes from 0 to 1 DIx Drop off time 0 000 1800 000 s 0 001 s 0 000 s Defines the delay when the status changes from 1 to 0 DIx AC Mode 0 Disabled 1 Enabled 0 Disabled Selects whether or not a 30 ms deactivation delay is added to take the alternating current into account The DIx Release threshold parameter is hidden and forced...

Page 440: ...gital inputs Digital input voltages Table 8 5 303 Digital input channel voltage measurement Name Range Step Description DIx Voltage now 0 000 275 000 V 0 001 V Voltage measurement of a digital input channel 8 6 Digital output module optional Figure 8 6 269 Digital output module DO5 with five add on digital outputs Connector Description X 1 2 OUTx 1 1st and 2nd pole NO X 3 4 OUTx 2 1st and 2nd pole...

Page 441: ...al outputs are scanned in 5 ms program cycles and their contacts are mechanical in type The rated voltage of the NO NC outputs is 250 VAC DC For the naming convention of the digital inputs provided by this module please refer to the chapter titled Construction and installation For technical details please refer to the chapter titled Digital output module in the Technical data section of this docum...

Page 442: ...puts 1 or 2 must be wired through trip coil to the battery s negative terminal The high speed outputs can withstand voltages up to 250 VDC The operation time of the high speed outputs is less than 1 ms For further information please refer to the chapter titled Arc protection module in the Technical data section of this manual The rated voltage of the binary input is 24 VDC The threshold picks up a...

Page 443: ... four channels each The supported sensor types are as follows Supported RTD sensors Pt100 Pt1000 Supported thermocouple sensors type K NiCh NiAl type J Fe constantan type T Cu constantan and type S Cu CuNi compensating Figure 8 8 272 Different sensor types and their connections 8 9 Serial RS 232 communication module optional Figure 8 9 273 Serial RS 232 module connectors A AQ Q F215 F215 Instructi...

Page 444: ...erial fiber COM F Pin 3 COM F Pin 4 COM F Pin 5 RS 232 RTS Serial based communications COM F Pin 6 RS 232 GND Serial based communications COM F Pin 7 RS 232 TX Serial based communications COM F Pin 8 RS 232 RX Serial based communications COM F Pin 9 COM F Pin 10 3 3 V output spare Spare power source for external equipment 45 mA COM F Pin 11 COM F Pin 12 The option card includes two serial communic...

Page 445: ...er connector 62 5 125 μm or 50 125 μm multimode glass Wavelength 1300 nm COM D Communication port D LC fiber connector 62 5 125 μm or 50 125 μm multimode glass Wavelength 1300 nm The optional LC 100 Mbps Ethernet card supports both HSR and PRP protocols The card has two PRP HSR ports which are 100 Mbps fiber ports A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 444 ...

Page 446: ...tion and multidrop configurations Redundant communication can be implemented by Ethernet switches that support Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RSTP Please note that each ring can only contain AQ 200 series devices and any third party devices must be connected to a separate ring For other redundancy options please refer to the option card LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module The images below pres...

Page 447: ...Figure 8 11 276 Example of a ring configuration Figure 8 11 277 Example of a multidrop configuration A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 446 ...

Page 448: ...ors 10BASE T and 100BASE TX This option card supports multidrop configurations For other redundancy options please refer to the option card LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module The images below present two example configurations the first displays a ring configuration note how the third party devices are connected in a separate ring while the second displays a multidrop configuration A AQ Q F...

Page 449: ...Figure 8 12 279 Example of a ring configuration Figure 8 12 280 Example of a multidrop configuration A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 448 ...

Page 450: ...ps with one pin for the positive connector and one pin for the negative connector This module can be ordered directly to be installed into the device in the factory or it can be upgraded in the field after the device s original installation when required The user sets the mA I O with the mA outputs control function This can be done at Control Device I O mA outputs in the relay configuration settin...

Page 451: ...ce dimensions first figure the device installation second and the panel cutout dimensions and device spacing third Figure 8 14 282 Device dimensions Figure 8 14 283 Device installation A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 450 ...

Page 452: ...Figure 8 14 284 Panel cutout dimensions and device spacing A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 451 ...

Page 453: ...for 0 01 s Frequency measurement range From 6 75Hz fundamental up to the 31st harmonic current Current measurement range 25 mA 250 A RMS Current measurement inaccuracy 0 005 4 000 IN 0 5 or 15 mA 4 20 IN 0 5 20 50 IN 1 0 Angle measurement inaccuracy 0 2 I 0 1 A 1 0 I 0 1 A Burden 50 60 Hz 0 1 VA Transient overreach 8 Coarse residual current input I01 Rated current IN 1 A configurable 0 1 10 A Ther...

Page 454: ...ransient overreach 5 Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact FRONT 4 H 6 35 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 4 mm2 NO NOTE TE Current measurement accuracy has been verified with 50 60 Hz The amplitude difference is 0 2 and the angle difference is 0 5 degrees higher at 16 67 Hz and other frequencies 9 1 1 2 Voltage measurement Table 9 1 1 2 306 Technical data for the vo...

Page 455: ... 9 1 1 3 307 Power and energy measurement accuracy Power measurement P Q S Frequency range 6 75 Hz Inaccuracy 0 3 1 2 IN or 3 VA secondary 1 0 1 2 IN or 3 VA secondary Energy measurement Frequency range 6 75 Hz Energy and power metering inaccuracy 0 5 down to 1A RMS 50 60Hz as standard 0 2 down to 1A RMS 50 60Hz option available see the order code for details 9 1 1 4 Frequency measurement Table 9 ...

Page 456: ...connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 2 5 mm2 9 1 2 2 CPU communication ports Table 9 1 2 2 311 Front panel local communication port Port Port media Copper Ethernet RJ 45 Number of ports 1 Port protocols PC protocols FTP Telnet Features Data transfer rate 100 MB System integration Cannot be used for system protocols only for local...

Page 457: ...igital inputs Table 9 1 2 3 314 CPU model isolated digital inputs with thresholds defined by order code Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V AC DC Nominal voltage Order code defined 24 110 220 V AC DC Pick up threshold Release threshold Order code defined 19 90 170 V Order code defined 14 65 132 V Scanning rate 5 ms Settings Pick up delay Software settable 0 1800 s Polarity Software settable...

Page 458: ...Table 9 1 2 4 316 Digital outputs Change Over Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V AC DC Continuous carry 5 A Make and carry 0 5 s Make and carry 3 s 30 A 15 A Breaking capacity DC L R 40 ms at 48 VDC at 110 VDC at 220 VDC 1 A 0 4 A 0 2 A Control rate 5 ms Settings Polarity Software settable Normally On Normally Off Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 ...

Page 459: ...d carry 3 s 30 A 15 A Breaking capacity DC L R 40 ms at 48 VDC at 110 VDC at 220 VDC 1 A 0 4 A 0 2 A Control rate 5 ms Settings Polarity Software settable Normally On Normally Off Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 2 5 mm2 9 1 3 3 Arc protection module Table 9 1 3 3 319 Technical data for the arc protection modul...

Page 460: ...Rated values Voltage withstand 265 VDC Rated auxiliary voltage Pick up threshold Release threshold 24 VDC 16 VDC 15 VDC Scanning rate 5 ms Polarity Normally Off Current drain 3 mA Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2 5 5 ST 5 08 Solid or stranded wire Maximum wire diameter 2 5 mm2 NO NOTE TE Polarity has to be correct 9 1 3 4 Milliampere module mA out mA in Table 9 1 3 4...

Page 461: ...nels 1 8 2 3 4 wire RTD and thermocouple sensors Pt100 or Pt1000 Type K Type J Type T and Type S Channels 7 8 support mA measurement 9 1 3 6 RS 232 serial fiber communication module Table 9 1 3 6 324 Technical data for the RS 232 serial fiber communication module Ports RS 232 Serial fiber GG PP GP PG Serial port wavelength 660 nm Cable type 1 mm plastic fiber 9 1 3 7 Double LC 100 Mbps Ethernet co...

Page 462: ...ting step 0 01 Ifund Inaccuracy Current 2nd harmonic blocking 0 5 Iset or 15 mA 0 10 4 0 Iset 1 0 unit of the 2nd harmonic setting Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time Im Iset ratio 3 Definite time Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 1 0 or 20 ms 1 0 or 30 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial setting for IDMT A IDMT constant B...

Page 463: ...racy Starting I01 1 A Starting I02 0 2 A Starting I0Calc 5 A 0 5 I0set or 3 mA 0 005 10 0 Iset 1 5 I0set or 1 0 mA 0 005 25 0 Iset 1 0 I0set or 15 mA 0 005 4 0 Iset Operating time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time Im Iset ratio 3 Definite time Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 1 0 or 20 ms 1 0 or 30 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial ...

Page 464: ...g Pick up current setting 0 10 40 00 In setting step 0 01 In Inaccuracy Current U1 I1 angle U 15 V U1 I1 angle U 1 15 V 0 5 Iset or 15 mA 0 10 4 0 Iset 0 20 1 5 Operation time Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite time Im Iset ratio 3 Definite time Im Iset ratio 1 05 3 1 0 or 20 ms 1 0 or 35 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial sett...

Page 465: ...ipping area size 0 00 360 00 deg setting step 0 10 deg 45 00 135 00 deg setting step 0 10 deg Pick up current setting Pick up voltage setting 0 005 40 00 In setting step 0 001 In 1 00 75 00 U0n setting step 0 01 U0n Inaccuracy Starting I01 1 A Starting I02 0 2 A Starting I0Calc 5 A Voltage U0 and U0Calc U0 I0 angle U 15 V U0 I0 angle U 1 15 V 0 5 I0set or 3 mA 0 005 10 0 Iset 1 5 I0set or 1 0 mA 0...

Page 466: ...5 I0set or 1 0 mA 0 005 25 0 x Iset 1 0 U0set or 30 mV Operation time setting Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Operation time inaccuracy Definite time Im Iset ratio 1 05 1 0 or 30 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time trip Im Iset ratio 1 05 15 ms Reset time Reset time setting FWD and REV Inaccuracy Reset time 0 000 1800 00...

Page 467: ...of the pick up setting Reset time setting Inaccuracy Reset time 0 010 10 000 s step 0 005 s 1 5 or 60 ms Instant reset time and start up reset 55 ms 9 2 1 7 Harmonic overcurrent protection Ih 50H 51H 68H Table 9 2 1 7 333 Technical data for the harmonic overcurrent function Measurement inputs Current inputs Phase current inputs IL1 A IL2 B IL3 C Residual current channel I01 Coarse Residual current...

Page 468: ...tent is above the pick up limit Tripping When using the harmonic overcurrent stage for tripping please ensure that the operation time is set to 20 ms DT or longer to avoid nuisance tripping caused by the above mentioned reasons 9 2 1 8 Circuit breaker failure protection CBFP 50BF 52BF Table 9 2 1 8 334 Technical data for the circuit breaker failure protection function Measurement inputs Current in...

Page 469: ...sed differential with 3 settable sections and 2 slopes Pick up current sensitivity setting Slope 1 Slope 2 Bias Turnpoint 1 2 0 01 50 00 IN setting step 0 01 0 00 150 00 setting step 0 01 0 00 250 00 setting step 0 01 0 01 50 00 IN setting step 0 01 IN Inaccuracy Starting 3 of the set pick up value 0 5 IN setting 5 mA 0 5 IN setting Operation time Instant operation time 1 05 x ISET 30 ms Reset Res...

Page 470: ...50 ms 9 2 1 11 Undervoltage protection U 27 Table 9 2 1 11 337 Technical data for the undervoltage function Measurement inputs Voltage inputs UL1 UL2 UL3 UL12 UL23 UL31 U0 Voltage input magnitudes RMS line to line or line to neutral voltages Pick up Pick up terms 1 voltage 2 voltages 3 voltages Pick up setting 0 00 120 00 UN setting step 0 01 UN Inaccuracy Voltage 1 5 USET or 30 mV Low voltage blo...

Page 471: ...neutral overvoltage function Measurement inputs Voltage input selectable Residual voltage from U3 or U4 voltage channel Residual voltage calculated from UL1 UL2 UL3 Voltage input magnitudes RMS residual voltage U0 Calculated RMS residual voltage U0 Pick up Pick up voltage setting 1 00 50 00 U0N setting step 0 01 IN Inaccuracy Voltage U0 Voltage U0Calc 1 5 U0SET or 30 mV 150 mV Operation time Defin...

Page 472: ... 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy Definite Time UM USET ratio 1 05 1 0 or 35 ms IDMT setting parameters k Time dial setting for IDMT A IDMT constant B IDMT constant C IDMT constant 0 01 25 00 step 0 01 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 0 5 0000 step 0 0001 0 250 0000 step 0 0001 Inaccuracy IDMT operating time IDMT minimum operating time 1 5 or 20 ms 20 ms Instant operation time Start time and instant ope...

Page 473: ... max step size 100 mHz 3 cycles or 70 ms max step size 100 mHz No Not te e The secondary voltage must exceed 2 volts or the current must exceed 0 25 amperes peak to peak in order for the function to measure frequency The frequency is measured two seconds after a signal is received The fixed frequency mode When the fixed mode is used the system s nominal frequency should be set to 50 or 60 Hz The t...

Page 474: ...on function Measurement inputs Current inputs Phase current inputs IL1 A IL2 B IL3 C Current input magnitudes TRMS phase currents up to the 31st harmonic Settings Time constants τ 1 Time constant value 0 0 500 00 min step 0 1 min Service factor maximum overloading 0 01 5 00 IN step 0 01 IN Thermal model biasing Ambient temperature Set 60 0 500 0 deg step 0 1 deg and RTD Negative sequence current T...

Page 475: ...ment starts from 0 5 V and current measurement from 50 mA In case either or both are missing the power measurement is forced to 0 kW If the settings allow it low power blocking 0 kW the P might be in the trip state during this condition The trip is released when the function begins to measure the voltage and the current again When the low power blocking is set to zero it is not in use Also all pow...

Page 476: ...t up reset 45 ms 9 2 1 19 Resistance temperature detectors Table 9 2 1 19 345 Technical data of the resistance temperature detectors Inputs Resistance input magnitudes Measured temperatures measured by RTD sensors Alarm channels 12 individual alarm channels Settable alarms 24 alarms available two per each alarm channel Pick up Alarm setting range Inaccuracy Reset ratio 101 00 2000 00 deg setting s...

Page 477: ... 10 18 ms Arc BI only Semiconductor outputs HSO1 and HSO2 Regular relay outputs Typically 7 ms 2 12 ms Typically 10 ms 6 5 15 ms Reset Reset ratio for current 97 of the pick up setting Reset time 35 ms No Not te e The maximum length of the arc sensor cable is 200 meters 9 2 1 21 Voltage memory Table 9 2 1 21 347 Technical data for the voltage memory function Measurement inputs Voltage inputs UL1 U...

Page 478: ...rule of local controls either from the setting tool HMI or SCADA Operation time Reaction time 5 ms from receiving the control signal 9 2 2 2 Object control and monitoring Table 9 2 2 2 349 Technical data for the object control and monitoring function Signals Input signals Digital inputs Software signals Output signals Close command output Open command output Operation time Breaker traverse time se...

Page 479: ...R delay Action time 1 0 or 30 ms AR delay Instant starting time Instant operation time Protection activation delay 15 ms Protection AR delay 9 2 2 4 Cold load pick up CLPU Table 9 2 2 4 351 Technical data for the cold load pick up function Measurement inputs Current inputs Phase current inputs IL1 A IL2 B IL3 C Current input magnitudes RMS phase currents Pick up Pick up current setting ILOW IHIGH ...

Page 480: ... UL12 UL23 UL31 U0 Monitored voltages Any or all system line to line voltage s Any or all system line to neutral voltage s Specifically chosen line to line or line to neutral voltage U4 channel voltage Pick up Pick up setting 0 05 30 00 setting step 0 01 Inaccuracy Voltage angle 30 overreach or 1 00 Low voltage blocking Pick up setting 0 01 100 00 UN setting step 0 01 UN Inaccuracy Voltage 1 5 USE...

Page 481: ...r 0 3 UN 25 mHz U 30 V secondary 1 5 U 30 V secondary Reset Reset ratio Voltage Frequency Angle 99 of the pick up voltage setting 20 mHz 2 0 Activation time Activation to LD DL DD Activation to Live Live 35 ms 60 ms Reset 40 ms Bypass modes Voltage check mode excluding LL LL LD LL DL LL DD LL LD DL LL LD DD LL DL DD bypass U live limit U dead limit 0 10 100 00 UN setting step 0 01 UN 0 00 100 00 U...

Page 482: ...ISET 1 5 I0SET or 1 0 mA 0 005 25 0 ISET Time delay for alarm Definite time function operating time setting 0 00 1800 00 s setting step 0 005 s Inaccuracy_ Definite time IM ISET ratio 1 05 2 0 or 80 ms Instant operation time alarm IM ISET ratio 1 05 80 ms 50 ms in differential protection relays Reset Reset ratio 97 103 of the pick up current setting Instant reset time and start up reset 80 ms 50 m...

Page 483: ...ith maximum breaking current 0 00 100 00 kA setting step 0 001 kA 0 00 100 00 kA setting step 0 001 kA 0 200 000 operations setting step 1 operation 0 200 000 operations setting step 1 operation Pick up setting for Alarm 1 and Alarm 2 0 200 000 operations setting step 1 operation Inaccuracy Inaccuracy for current operations counter Current measurement element Operation counter 0 1 IN I 2 IN 0 2 of...

Page 484: ...es available XL12 XL23 XL31 Pick up Trigger current 0 00 40 00 IN setting step 0 01 IN Inaccuracy Triggering 0 5 ISET or 15 mA 0 10 4 0 ISET Reactance Reactance per kilometer 0 000 5 000 s setting step 0 001 Ω km Inaccuracy Reactance 5 0 typically Operation Triggering Activation From the trip signal of any protection stage Minimum operation time At least 0 040 s of stage operation time required 9 ...

Page 485: ...4 Power supply input 4 kV 5 50 ns 5 kHz Other inputs and outputs 4 kV 5 50 ns 5 kHz Surge EN 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 5 Between wires 2 kV 1 2 50 µs Between wire and earth 4 kV 1 2 50 µs Radiated RF electromagnetic field EN 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 3 f 80 1 000 MHz 10 V m Conducted RF field EN 60255 26 IEC 61000 4 6 f 150 kHz 80 MHz 10 V RMS Table 9 3 363 Voltage tests Dielectric voltage test EN 60255 27 ...

Page 486: ... protection class IP54 front IP21 rear Temperature ranges Ambient service temperature range 35 70 C Transport and storage temperature range 40 70 C Other Altitude 2000 m Overvoltage category III Pollution degree 2 Casing and package Table 9 3 367 Dimensions and weight Without packaging net Dimensions Height 117 mm 4U Width 127 mm rack Depth 174 mm no cards connectors Weight 1 5 kg With packaging g...

Page 487: ...10 Ordering information A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 486 ...

Page 488: ...eq Ltd AQX097 Wall mounting bracket Arcteq Ltd AQ 01A Light point sensor unit 8 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd AQ 01B Light point sensor unit 25 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd AQ 01C Light point sensor unit 50 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Ltd AQ 02A Pressure and light point sensor unit 8 000 lux threshold Max cable length 200 m Arcteq Lt...

Page 489: ... Visiting and postal address Kvartsikatu 2 A 1 65300 Vaasa Finland Contacts Phone 358 10 3221 370 Fax 358 10 3221 389 Website general arcteq fi Website technical support support arcteq fi E mail sales sales arcteq fi A AQ Q F215 F215 Instruction manual Version 2 04 488 ...

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