Aquaread Aquaprobe AP-700 Instruction Manual Download Page 41 | Manualshive

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background image

Aquaprobe

®

AP-700, AP-800 & AP-2000 Instruction Manual

10401-00870 Rev R

13.10. Converting ORP Readings to the Hydrogen Scale

Electrochemical measurements are ultimately referred to the so-called hydrogen scale, the
convention for which is that the electrochemical potential of a hydrogen electrode in contact
with hydrogen gas at one atmosphere partial pressure and a solution containing hydrogen
ions at unit activity is zero at all temperatures.

The ORP reference electrode used in Aquaread

®

combination electrodes is a 3MPK1 silver

chloride type, and exhibits potentials on the hydrogen scale of:

Temperature

Potential

5



C

221 mV

10



C

217 mV

15



C

214 mV

20



C

210 mV

25



C

207 mV

30



C

203 mV

35



C

200 mV

40



C

196 mV

Thus, to refer an ORP potential value measured with the Aquaprobe

®

to the hydrogen

scale, the appropriate value above should be added to the measured value.

© 2017 Aquaread

®

Ltd.

www.aquaread.com

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Summary of Contents for Aquaprobe AP-700

Page 1: ...ciated Aquameter Utilities Accessories Aquaprobe firmware Revision 4 07 and Above Aquameter firmware Revision 6 20 and Above Document No 10401 00870 Revision R Date March 27 2017 Aquaread Ltd Bridge House Northdown Industrial Park Broadstairs Kent CT10 3JP ENGLAND Phone 44 1843 600 030 www aquaread com ...

Page 2: ...electronic equipment By ensuring this product is disposed of properly you will prevent possible adverse consequences for the environment which could be caused by inappropriate waste handling Note For return for recycling please contact Aquaread Ltd for instructions on how to return end of life equipment accessories and all auxiliary items for proper disposal WARNING Favourable indications made by ...

Page 3: ...report values for every parameter See Calibration Data Storage and Retrieval New Probe temperature sensor calibration screen See Calibrating Temperature PC Software Both the AquaLink Version 5 00 and AquaCal Version 2 00 PC applications have been upgraded to take full advantage of all the new features listed above The latest versions can be downloaded free of charge from http www aquaread com down...

Page 4: ...ON 17 6 4 TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION 17 6 5 GPS RECEPTION 18 7 DEPTH MEASUREMENT AQUAPROBES WITH A D SUFFIX ONLY 20 7 1 TAKING DEPTH MEASUREMENTS 20 7 2 DIFFERENTIAL DEPTH MEASUREMENT 20 7 3 DEPTH CALIBRATION 20 8 MEMORY MODE 21 8 1 MANUALLY SAVING READINGS 21 8 2 RECALLING AND VIEWING SAVED READINGS 21 8 3 RECALLING GLP DATA 21 8 4 CLEARING THE MEMORY 22 8 5 AUTOMATIC DATA LOGGING 22 8 6 BATTERY AN...

Page 5: ...4 9 CALIBRATING THE DO 100 SATURATION POINT IN MOIST AIR 47 14 10 REPLACING THE OPTICAL DO CAP 48 15 EC TEMPERATURE ELECTRODE CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE 49 15 1 VERIFYING EC CALIBRATION 51 15 2 ERRORS DURING CALIBRATION 51 15 3 CLEANING THE EC CONTACTS 51 15 4 CALIBRATING TEMPERATURE 51 16 OPTIONAL OPTICAL ELECTRODES CALIBRATION AND MAINTENANCE 53 16 1 TOP TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL MEASUREMENTS USING O...

Page 6: ...brating the RHOD Electrode 75 16 8 4 Calibration Solution Preparation 75 16 8 5 Serial Dilution 76 16 8 6 Zero Point Calibration 76 16 8 7 Calibrating Point 2 78 16 8 8 Grab Sample Factor 78 16 8 9 Errors During Calibration 78 16 8 10 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance 78 16 9 2000 5000 FSCEIN FLUORESCEIN WT ELECTRODE 79 16 9 1 Principle of Operation 79 16 9 2 Limitations of Use 79 16 9 3 Calibrating the...

Page 7: ...n 101 17 6 2000 CHL CHLORIDE ELECTRODE 102 17 6 1 Chloride Calibration Solution Preparation 102 17 6 2 Three point Calibration 102 POINT 2 104 POINT 3 104 17 6 3 Two point Calibration 105 17 6 4 Single point Calibration 105 17 6 5 Errors During Calibration 105 17 7 2000 CAL CALCIUM ELECTRODE 106 17 7 1 Calcium Calibration Solution Preparation 106 17 7 2 Three point Calibration 106 POINT 2 108 POIN...

Page 8: ...S 139 24 1 INSTALLING AUX ELECTRODES 139 24 2 SOCKET ASSIGNMENT AND CALIBRATION 140 25 APPENDIX 4 STANDARD ELECTRODES DETAILED SPECIFICATION 142 26 APPENDIX 5 OPTICAL ELECTRODES DETAILED SPECIFICATION AND FAQS 143 26 1 WHAT ARE THE EXCITATION AND DETECTION WAVELENGTHS 143 26 2 HOW DOES THE REFINED OIL SENSOR WORK 143 26 3 I CAN SEE ALGAE IN THE WATER BUT MY SENSOR IS GIVING LOW READINGS WHY 144 26...

Page 9: ...tion Pot of silicone grease Spare Galvanic DO Membrane Cap AP 700 AP 800 only 25mL bottle of Galvanic DO filling solution AP 700 AP 800 only If using an AP 2000 you will also need an AP 2000 Extension Cable which should be purchased separately 2 1 The Aquameter and the Environment The Aquameter is designed to be used outdoors and is rated to IP67 that is to say it is waterproof but it is not desig...

Page 10: ...hat the electrode is able to detect changes in turbidity that are less than 0 003 of the full range The other optical electrodes have a similar level of sensitivity It follows therefore that in order to provide stable repeatable readings the environment in which the measurements are made must be completely stable and repeatable For this reason the Aquaprobe is constructed with a matt black alumini...

Page 11: ...oth during calibration and measurement Always calibrate and zero the electrode as close to your sample temperature as possible This is especially important with the Ref Oil electrode Always zero the optical electrodes just prior to use in clean water bottled still mineral water is ideal then deploy without disturbing the measurement chamber This is especially important when using the Turbidity and...

Page 12: ...charger outside the Meter We recommend the use of one of the Energizer range of NiMH chargers 3 4 Battery Condition Icon On all the main Aquameter screens a battery condition icon is displayed in the top left corner The icon shows full when the batteries are fresh and gradually empties as the batteries are used When the batteries need replacing the empty battery icon will flash on and off If you i...

Page 13: ...e you should be able to navigate around the entire menu system at speed using just the four arrow keys If at any time you leave the Meter in one of the sub menu screens it will automatically back out to the main operating screen after 15 seconds 4 1 Initial Switch On Language and Clock Setup To switch the meter on or off briefly press the red key Do not hold it down The meter contains a clock and ...

Page 14: ...meter is switched off prior to connecting or disconnecting an Aquaprobe Align the Aquaread logo on the plug body with the red on off switch on the Aquameter then press the plug into the socket and tighten the retaining collar Once the Aquaprobe is connected to the Aquameter switch the Meter on by briefly pressing the red on off switch The Aquameter should detect the Probe and automatically start d...

Page 15: ...lable will be displayed as dashes The other four screens available with the standard AM 200 AP 2000 D combination are shown below DO 098 7 EC 6541µS cm TDS 3271mg L GPS 3D Pos SAL 03 57 PSU SSG 01 3σt GPS 3D Pos BARO 1013mb DEPTH 01 75m Hit OK to zero GPS 3D Pos Lat N51 21 498 Long E001 24 323 Alt 00050M 1013mb Sats in use 09 6 1 What Does It All Mean The screens above show the full default range ...

Page 16: ...al value RES Resistivity if selected in the Settings Menu If selected readings will be displayed in either Ω cm or KΩ cm depending on the value See section 9 Setting Units of Measurement for more details 6 2 Trend Indication To the right of each reading except position BARO and Depth a trend indication is given This consists of either an upwards facing arrow which indicates the numeric value of th...

Page 17: ... by a sharp change in the ORP millivolts reading This change is usually much larger than the errors induced by temperature side effects During calibration of the optical electrodes variations in the calibration solutions due to temperature are automatically compensated for During the measurement temperature is automatically compensated for During calibration of the pH electrode the small variation...

Page 18: ...culated within ninety seconds of switch on To see your geographic position and the number of satellites in use use the left or right arrow keys to scroll to the Position page If you switch the meter on indoors then carry it outside after several minutes there may be a considerable delay in acquiring satellites In this case switch the meter off then back on again to reset the acquisition process 20...

Page 19: ...ble if the probe is wet and a low EC reading is registering press the OK key You will be asked to confirm by pressing OK again Slowly lower the probe into the water As soon as the depth value starts to register you can lower the probe more quickly 7 2 Differential Depth Measurement If you want to measure changes in depth it may be more convenient to zero the depth measurement once the probe has be...

Page 20: ...o see earlier readings press the up arrow key Just before each set of readings is displayed the Tag will be briefly displayed To view all the parameters within one set of readings use the left right arrow keys as described earlier To exit Memory Recall mode press the ESC key If no key is pressed for 30 seconds Memory Recall mode will be automatically cancelled 8 3 Recalling GLP Data Each time a se...

Page 21: ... hold down the M key then switch the Meter back on A screen will be displayed asking you to confirm your request Press OK to clear the memory or ESC to cancel and return to normal operation 8 5 Automatic Data Logging If you want to save readings on a regular basis in order say to check water quality at a certain location over a period of time you can set the Meter to record readings automatically ...

Page 22: ...on and off just below the battery symbol on all the main reading screens If permanent display logging mode was selected Status set to ON the Meter will record a full set of data automatically at the set rate until either the memory is full or the batteries go flat If Low Power Logging Mode was selected Status set to LOW POWER the Meter will switch itself off 30 seconds after your last key press Th...

Page 23: ...ip If you want GPS data logged in association with your other data ensure the Meter is positioned face up with a clear view of the sky 8 7 Important Information About Memory Mode When data is saved in the Meter it is compressed in raw Probe format In other words the same way that it came up from the Probe When you recall the data in Memory Recall mode the data is decompressed then processed for di...

Page 24: ...ine if you want to adjust Electrical Conductivity or TDS Choose line 2 if you want to adjust Temperature pH or Salinity Finally line 3 will give access to Barometric Pressure Altitude and Depth settings Moving the cursor right onto the first line will display the following screen Units EC Ref 25 C TDS Fact 0 65 The first option on this screen allows you to choose how the Meter displays Electrical ...

Page 25: ...oose between displaying altitude and depth in metres M or feet F Whatever units ALT is set to DEPTH D models only will follow Altitude is displayed with respect to mean sea level Depth is displayed with respect to the depth zero datum which can be the water surface or any point at which the depth has been zeroed See section 7 Differential Depth Measurement for further details 9 2 AUX Socket Assign...

Page 26: ...PC 2000 BGA PE Phycoerythrin Blue Green Algae PE BGA PE 2000 RHOD Rhodamine WT Dye Rhod 2000 FSCEIN Fluorescein Dye Fcein 2000 REFOIL Refined Oil R OIL 2000 CDOM CDOM FDOM CDOM AP 5000 7000 type ISE Electrodes AUX1 only Electrode Part No Function Aquameter Selection 7000 AMM Ammonium Ammonia NH4 7000 CHL Chloride Cl 7000 FLU Fluoride F 7000 NIT Nitrate NO3 7000 CAL Calcium Ca2 AP 2000 type ISE Ele...

Page 27: ...Cap for further details 10 2 Special Notes Concerning ISE Electrodes The high ionic concentration of pH calibration solutions buffers including RapidCal can cause significant offsets in ISE electrodes These offsets are temporary but best avoided because they can cause significant errors during both calibration and normal operation For this reason all ISE electrodes are supplied with a red rubber s...

Page 28: ...C the better 5 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 6 Select RapidCal The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until all readings are stable then it will send the RapidCal command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and...

Page 29: ... not hold the probe the heat from your hands will warm the probe up and interfere with calibration 3 Wait until the temperature and DO measurements are completely stable This is very important If the DO measurement is 100 1 there is no need to recalibrate 4 If recalibration is needed refer back to the screen shown in item 5 above and select DO 100 5 Wait while the Aquameter carries out the calibra...

Page 30: ...or occurs during Optical DO Zero calibration this usually indicates that the DO Cap needs replacing Perform a full DO calibration first at DO Zero then at 100 DO If that does not cure the problem replace the DO Cap see Replacing the Optical DO Cap in section 14 If the corrective actions shown above for READINGS UNSTABLE or OUT OF CAL RANGE errors do not work thoroughly clean the Probe and try agai...

Page 31: ...electrode calibration a single line Calibration Report is displayed This report contains the raw output of the electrode under calibration uncorrected for temperature These values can be recorded and used to track the performance and ageing of the individual electrodes Please note however in order to maximise the value of this feature all calibrations must be performed at the same temperature othe...

Page 32: ...February 9th for ORP If the date field is dashed this means the electrode is either not fitted or has never been calibrated Pushing the left or right arrow keys will toggle this screen with the calibration report screen PH7 Offset 01 2mV PH4 Slope 56 8mV pH PH10 Slope 56 3mV pH ORP Offset 02 6mV The calibration report screen displays the calibration report values from the last calibration To exit ...

Page 33: ...e the Sleeve then reattach Dry the outside of the Probe using a soft cloth Remember to replace the pH ORP storage cap after use Failure to do so will damage the electrode For more details see Keeping the Electrodes Moist in section 13 Never clean the Probe with solvents alcohol or concentrated acid alkaline based cleaning products such as Decon 90 These products can strip the anodised finish from ...

Page 34: ...standard AP 2000 electrodes On the AP 2000 the DO and EC sensors are incorporated into one electrode On the AP 700 and AP 800 the DO and EC sensors are separate electrodes Please note The photograph shows the AP 2000 with Optical DO The AP 700 and AP 800 models may have either Optical DO or Galvanic DO sensors Galvanic DO caps and later model Optical DO caps do not have the red warning label fitte...

Page 35: ...lectrode tighten until the O ring is fully compressed Do not twist the clear section of the electrode whilst tightening Useful Tip The red lanyard that is attached to the pH ORP storage cap makes a very useful belt wrench for tightening and loosening the pH ORP and AUX electrodes Slide the lanyard over the electrode and use it to grip the knurled body Never immerse an Aquaprobe with the pH ORP ele...

Page 36: ...al can cause significant offsets in ISE electrodes These offsets are temporary but best avoided because they can cause significant errors during both calibration and normal operation For this reason all ISE electrodes are supplied with a red rubber sealing cap The caps should be fitted to all ISE Electrode during pH calibration in order to protect the ISE electrodes from the effects of the buffer ...

Page 37: ...tion takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Offset 1 2mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The top line displays the voltage offset from zero for the pH electrode in millivolts mV If this offset goes beyond 25mV at 25 C the pH electrode should...

Page 38: ... pH 4 01 or pH 10 00 solution and drop the Probe in all the way Follow the procedure detailed above but at step 6 select either pH4 01 or pH10 0 dependent upon the solution you are using Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates When the Calibrating 100 screen is displayed the calibration report will display the slope for the pH electrode in millivolts mV per pH unit If this slope goes below ...

Page 39: ...5 C using a 250mV ORP calibration standard such as Reagecon RS250 Redox Standard or 229mV at 25 C using a 229mV ORP calibration standard such as Zobell Solution For best results calibrate as close to 25 C as possible The probe will automatically compensate for temperature variation in the calibration solution during calibration To calibrate the ORP electrode follow these steps 1 Fill a calibration...

Page 40: ...f the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Offset 5 5mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The Calibration Report on the top line displays the voltage offset between the ORP electrode output and the value of the calibration solution at the calibration temperature in millivolts mV During normal operation this offset will be subtracted from the ORP el...

Page 41: ...re and a solution containing hydrogen ions at unit activity is zero at all temperatures The ORP reference electrode used in Aquaread combination electrodes is a 3MPK1 silver chloride type and exhibits potentials on the hydrogen scale of Temperature Potential 5 C 221 mV 10 C 217 mV 15 C 214 mV 20 C 210 mV 25 C 207 mV 30 C 203 mV 35 C 200 mV 40 C 196 mV Thus to refer an ORP potential value measured ...

Page 42: ...l be consumed and the reading will start to fall 14 4 Calibrating the Galvanic DO Electrode The DO electrode should be calibrated at the Zero saturation point at least once a month Before each day s use the 100 saturation point should be checked in moist air and re calibrated if necessary For optimum accuracy calibrate the DO100 point as near to your sample temperature as possible within the calib...

Page 43: ...rom the DO cell in millivolts mV This value should be between 0 0 and 3 0 at 25 C If the value returned is more than 3 0 the DO Cap should be replaced This value is stored in the Probe s memory and can be recalled at any time See section 10 7 Calibration Data Storage and Retrieval Press OK then ESC repeatedly to return to normal reading mode If a problem occurs during calibration an error message ...

Page 44: ... The membrane is extremely delicate and is factory fitted into the DO Membrane Cap To ensure optimum performance the DO Membrane Cap must be replaced every 1 2 months Never touch the plastic membrane as the oils in your skin will block the pores in the membrane and stop it from working correctly To replace the DO Membrane Cap follow these simple steps 1 Remove the Probe sleeve 2 Unscrew the DO Cap...

Page 45: ...fore each day s use the 100 saturation point should be checked in moist air and re calibrated if necessary For optimum accuracy calibrate the DO100 point as near to your sample temperature as possible within the calibration temperature limits of 5 C 40 C If you are going to calibrate both the Zero and 100 points at the same time ALWAYS calibrate the Zero point first then the 100 point 14 8 Calibra...

Page 46: ...ection 10 4 for error message handling Remove the Probe from the calibration bottle rinse thoroughly in fresh water shake off any excess and dry the outer sleeve with a soft cloth 14 9 Calibrating the DO 100 Saturation Point in Moist Air 1 Wash the probe thoroughly in fresh water then shake off ensuring there are no droplets adhering to the DO membrane 2 Moisten a clean cloth or piece of tissue pa...

Page 47: ...ten years dependent upon the amount of use it gets Caution The inside of the Optical DO Cap is very sensitive to light and can be ruined bleached if it is exposed to bright light for any length of time Never remove the Optical DO Cap from the Probe unless you intend to replace it with a new one When replacing an Optical DO Cap do so under subdued light To replace the Optical DO Cap follow these si...

Page 48: ... litre of deionised water RapidCal is available from all Aquaread dealers The Probe sleeve forms an integral working part of the Probe s EC measurement system and MUST be fitted during calibration and measurement for correct operation For best results calibrate as close to 25ºC as possible The probe will compensate for temperature variation in the Calibration Standard during calibration 1 Remove t...

Page 49: ...this line should be R CAL If the value of the EC Calibration Standard you are using is not displayed press the right arrow key The bottom line will change to Calibration DOZero 01 Jan 17 DO100 01 Jan 17 EC R CAL 01 Jan 17 You can now use the up and down arrow keys to select one of two pre set EC Calibration Standard values R CAL or SC 35 or to input any calibration standard value between 100µS cm ...

Page 50: ... See section 9 1 Setting Units of Measurement 4 Go back to the main screen wait until the temperature and EC readings are stable then check that the EC is reading 1 of the Calibration Standard value 5 If the EC reading is outside the 1 limit recalibrate this time leaving more time for stabilisation If you can not successfully verify the EC calibration after several attempts replace the Calibration...

Page 51: ...he actual temperature of the water bath as displayed by the calibrated thermometer Now select the Calibration screen on the Aquameter Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal When this screen is being displayed press the up arrow key eight times in quick succession This will cause the hidden Temperature Offset screen to be displayed TEMP OFFSET 00 0 C USE UP DOWN TO SET HIT OK TO SAVE Now using the up...

Page 52: ...ium sleeve and end cap that enclose the sensing electrodes and provide a closed constant condition non reflective measurement chamber This is essential for the correct calibration and operation of all types of optical electrodes A diagram of the Aquaprobe s measurement chamber is shown here In order to obtain consistent results the measurement chamber created within the Aquaprobe must remain physi...

Page 53: ...lectrodes feature either two or three point calibration dependent upon the type In all cases however the lower calibration points is ZERO When calibrating any optical electrode the Zero point must be calibrated first If you are performing a two or three point calibration all calibration points must be calibrated within the same calibration session i e without turning the Aquameter off or disconnec...

Page 54: ...larly dark colours can also reduce a certain portion of the scattered light by varying degrees Combined these effects result in wide variability in the distribution and intensity of light scattering from a turbid water sample As a result different combinations of particle shape size colour and refractive index can produce similar turbidity effects By contrast changing only the incident light wavel...

Page 55: ...in that your zero calibration solution is completely clear water the problem is almost certainly aeration i e air in the form of both visible and microscopic bubbles These act like tiny prisms and can refract and reflect both the excitation light and the return signal being measured The photograph to the right was taken in a calibration bottle after fresh water was poured in The bubbles are clearl...

Page 56: ...ove any air bubbles that may be clinging to the Turbidity electrode 2 Switch the Aquameter on and wait until the temperature and turbidity readings are stable If the turbidity reading is very high there are probably air bubbles adhering to the lenses Agitate the Probe to remove 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration ...

Page 57: ...n it is important to verify the zero point calibration before proceeding to calibrate the other points After calibrating the zero point remove the Probe from the calibration bottle then reinsert agitate and allow the reading to settle Check the turbidity reading is within 1NTU of zero If not re calibrate the zero point 16 4 9 Calibrating the Turbidity 20 NTU 1000 NTU Points When calibrating the 20...

Page 58: ...alibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 16 4 11 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance On a daily basis the lenses on the electrode should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth Similarly the inside of the Probe Sleeve and Sleeve Cap should be kept clean and free from any deposits that may ...

Page 59: ...mperature Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement techn...

Page 60: ...27 Description Rhodamine WT Liquid Supplier Keystone Europe Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 16 5 5 Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 100μg L is recommended to be done as a tw...

Page 61: ... to the lenses Bang the Probe against the bottom of the bottle to remove 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will ...

Page 62: ...g the Probe against the bottom of the bottle several times in order to remove any air bubbles that may be clinging to the electrode Follow the procedure detailed above for Zero point calibration as far as step 6 then select Pt 2 Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show ...

Page 63: ...r has been applied to the electrode all future measurements will be multiplied by 1 25 prior to being displayed In this way the electrode has been corrected for the local conditions and species of algae 16 5 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 4 for error message handling 16 5 10 Len...

Page 64: ...temperature Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement tec...

Page 65: ...Europe Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 16 6 5 Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 8μg L is recommended to be done as a two step dilution procedure Step 1 weigh out 0 5g of 200g...

Page 66: ... to the lenses Bang the Probe against the bottom of the bottle to remove 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will ...

Page 67: ...e several times in order to remove any air bubbles that may be clinging to the electrode Follow the procedure detailed above for Zero point calibration as far as step 6 then select Pt 2 Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will show the voltage output from the electrode in mi...

Page 68: ...ture measurements will be multiplied by 1 25 prior to being displayed In this way the electrode has been corrected for the local conditions and species of algae 16 6 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 16 6 10 Lens and Sleeve Maintenance On a daily basis th...

Page 69: ...ces in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity Fluorescence measurement techniques are ideal for researchers who are interested in detecting the presence or absence of a specific substance and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement techniques are not idea...

Page 70: ...ne Europe Ltd Contact http www dyes com Be sure to handle chemicals with care and to read and comply with all health and safety advice 16 7 5 Serial Dilution The recommended Rhodamine solution is supplied as a 20 or 200g L solution dilution of the stock solution should be carried out as follows 200g L stock 500μg L is recommended to be done as a two step dilution procedure Step 1 weigh out 0 5g of...

Page 71: ... to the lenses Bang the Probe against the bottom of the bottle to remove 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 5ºC and 40ºC 41ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will ...

Page 72: ... bang the Probe against the bottom of the bottle several times in order to remove any air bubbles that may be clinging to the electrode Follow the procedure detailed above for Zero point calibration as far as step 6 then select Pt 2 Wait while the Meter stabilises and calibrates After successful calibration the Calibrating 100 screen will be displayed along with the Calibration Report which will s...

Page 73: ...has been applied to the electrode all future measurements will be multiplied by 1 25 prior to being displayed In this way the electrode has been corrected for the local conditions and species of chlorophyll 16 7 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message will be displayed Refer to Calibration Error Messages in section 10 for error message handling 16 7 10 L...

Page 74: ...e fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity The normal affects of temperature on the fluorescent response of Rhodamine is automatically compensated for by the electrode 16 8 3 Calibrating the RHOD Electrode The RHOD electrode has two calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure consistent and reliable results When a RHOD electrode is fi...

Page 75: ... times This step results in a 1 in 1000 dilution of the solution from step 1 The concentration of this solution is 100μg L This solution can now be used as Pt 2 calibration of the RHOD sensor The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded 16 8 6 Zero Point Calibration To calibrate the zero point follow these steps 1 Fil...

Page 76: ...e right of each point are the dates of the last successful calibration 7 Select ZERO The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful...

Page 77: ...as a multiplier to correct the readings made by a fluorescent electrode based on known values derived from grab samples The default GS factor is 1 00 So when the electrode s output is multiplied by a GS Factor of 1 00 the value is not affected The GS Factor should be left at 1 00 for the Rhodamine electrode 16 8 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message wi...

Page 78: ...cent response caused by temperature Differences in the fluorescent response caused by ambient light Interference caused by turbidity The normal affects of temperature on the fluorescent response of Fluorescein is automatically compensated for by the electrode 16 9 3 Calibrating the FSCEIN Electrode The FSCEIN electrode has two calibration points Careful calibration is essential in order to ensure ...

Page 79: ...dilution and gives you the 100μg L FSCEIN calibration standard required for Pt 2 The dilute solution can be stored in a dark bottle in a refrigerator for up to five days After that time it must be discarded 16 9 6 Zero Point Calibration To calibrate the zero point follow these steps 1 Fill a calibration bottle with clean water bottled still mineral water is recommended remove the storage cap from ...

Page 80: ...ast successful calibration 7 Select ZERO The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the followin...

Page 81: ...as a multiplier to correct the readings made by a fluorescent electrode based on known values derived from grab samples The default GS factor is 1 00 So when the electrode s output is multiplied by a GS Factor of 1 00 the value is not affected The GS Factor should be left at 1 00 for the Fluorescein electrode 16 9 9 Errors During Calibration If a problem occurs during calibration an error message ...

Page 82: ...cancer Avoid exposure to UV light when the Electrode is in operational Precautions must be taken to avoid looking directly at the Electrode without the use of UV light protective glasses Do not look directly at the lenses on the front face of the Electrode when it is operational Ensure the warning label supplied with the Electrode is attached to the Aquaprobe 16 10 2 Limitations of Use Determinati...

Page 83: ...able results It is important to calibrate this electrode as close to operational temperature as possible When a REFOIL electrode is first installed it MUST be calibrated at both points in order to set the electrode s relative sensitivity and establish its slope Subsequently zero point calibration should be carried out before each use and full two point calibration should be carried out every few m...

Page 84: ... ppb naphthalene In order to display readings with respect to a specific type of refined oil it is necessary to prepare a 10ppm solution of the target oil type and use that to calibrate the electrode in place of the naphthalene solution Alternatively apply a suitable Grab Sample Factor to correct the naphthalene readings for the target oil type 16 10 7 Zero Point Calibration To calibrate the zero ...

Page 85: ...hen it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the following screen will be displayed Output 2500mV Calibrating 100 Press OK The Calibration Report on the top line displays the voltage output from the elec...

Page 86: ...divide the average grab sample value by the average electrode value This will give you a GS Factor For example your calibrated electrode gives an average output of 100 at a given location The analysis of grab samples from that location reveal an actual value of 125 So 125 divided by 100 gives a GS Factor of 1 25 This value should now be input on the bottom line of the electrode s calibration scree...

Page 87: ...cautions must be taken to avoid looking directly at the Electrode without the use of UV light protective glasses Do not look directly at the lenses on the front face of the Electrode when it is operational Ensure the warning label supplied with the Electrode is attached to the Aquaprobe 16 11 2 Limitations of Use Determination of CDOM in the field using fluorescence measurement techniques will nev...

Page 88: ...olutions Scientists have not developed a standard way to report CDOM values Results are therefore expressed in relative units based on calibration to a standard fluorescing compound usually quinine In order to calibrate the CDOM electrode a 100ppb solution of Quinine Sulphate in sulphuric acid can be used However since Quinine Sulphate is extremely expensive and sulphuric acid is dangerous to hand...

Page 89: ...IBRATE CDOM ZERO 01 Jan 17 Pt 2 01 Jan 17 GS Factor 01 00 Calibration point 2 Pt 2 is the upper calibration point The dates shown to the right of each point are the dates of the last successful calibration 7 Select ZERO The screen will change to PLEASE WAIT Stabilising 000 The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration...

Page 90: ... based on known values derived from grab samples The default GS factor is 1 00 So when the electrode s output is multiplied by a GS Factor of 1 00 the value is not affected If grab sample data is available for the location in which you plan to take measurements you should calculate a GS Factor for the electrode and input it on the bottom line of the electrode s calibration screen To calculate a GS...

Page 91: ...e wiped over with a soft damp cloth Similarly the inside of the Probe Sleeve and Sleeve Cap should be kept clean and free from any deposits that may cause stray fluorescence Never use an abrasive cleaner on the inside of the Probe sleeve or cap as they have been treated with a non reflective coating which can be easily damaged The inside of the sleeve should be wiped over with a soft damp cloth an...

Page 92: ...on all ISE Electrodes should be soaked in their relevant Point 1 calibration solution for 20 30 minutes When an ISE electrode is first installed it MUST be calibrated at three points in order to establish the electrode s slope and thermal characteristics Two of the calibration points must be at the same temperature whilst the third must be at least 10ºC cooler Subsequently a two point calibration ...

Page 93: ...fety advice Preparing the 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration bottle and retain 50mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 400mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 40mL of the 100ppm s...

Page 94: ...al The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 N A 2 NH4 l 5 N A 3 N A l 6 N A The Ammonium NH4 electrode should have been assigned to AUX socket 2 when it was fitted Move the pointer down to 2 NH4 then press the OK or right arrow key to select 7 The screen will change to CALIBRATE NH4 Pt 1 01...

Page 95: ...es place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the calibration report screen will be displayed If the temperature of the 100ppm solution is more than 1ºC different from the Pt 1 calibration temperature an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this hap...

Page 96: ...If the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re started from point 1 To calibrate the ISE electrode follow the steps outlined above under three point calibration for points 1 and 2 only 17 4 4 Single point Calibration Single point calibration should be carried out daily For this just 10ppm solution is required The solution can be at any temper...

Page 97: ...reparing the 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration bottle and retain 50mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 400mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 40mL of the 100ppm solution you h...

Page 98: ...al The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 N A 2 NO3 l 5 N A 3 N A l 6 N A The Nitrate NO3 electrode should have been assigned to AUX socket 2 when it was fitted Move the pointer down to 2 NO3 then press the OK or right arrow key to select 7 The screen will change to CALIBRATE NO3 Pt 1 01 ...

Page 99: ...es place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the calibration report screen will be displayed If the temperature of the 100ppm solution is more than 1ºC different from the Pt 1 calibration temperature an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this hap...

Page 100: ...f the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re started from point 1 To calibrate the ISE electrode follow the steps outlined above under three point calibration for points 1 and 2 only 17 5 4 Single point Calibration Single point calibration should be carried out daily For this just 10ppm solution is required The solution can be at any tempera...

Page 101: ... the 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration bottle and retain 50mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 400mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 40mL of the 100ppm solution you have just...

Page 102: ...Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 N A 2 Cl l 5 N A 3 N A l 6 N A The Chloride Cl electrode should have been assigned to AUX socket 2 when it was fitted Move the pointer down to 2 Cl then press the OK or right arrow key to select 7 The screen will change to CALIBRATE Cl Pt 1 01 Ja...

Page 103: ...es place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the calibration report screen will be displayed If the temperature of the 100ppm solution is more than 1ºC different from the Pt 1 calibration temperature an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this hap...

Page 104: ...f the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re started from point 1 To calibrate the ISE electrode follow the steps outlined above under three point calibration for points 1 and 2 only 17 6 4 Single point Calibration Single point calibration should be carried out daily For this just 10ppm solution is required The solution can be at any tempera...

Page 105: ... 100ppm solution 250mL of 100ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 25mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 225mL of deionised water Dispense 200mL of the 100ppm solution into a calibration bottle and retain 50mL for preparation of the 10ppm solution Preparing the 10ppm solution A total of 400mL of 10ppm solution is required To prepare this mix 40mL of the 100ppm solution you have just pre...

Page 106: ...al The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 N A 2 Ca2 l 5 N A 3 N A l 6 N A The Calcium Ca2 electrode should have been assigned to AUX socket 2 when it was fitted Move the pointer down to 2 Ca2 then press the OK or right arrow key to select 7 The screen will change to CALIBRATE Ca2 Pt 1 01 ...

Page 107: ...es place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the calibration report screen will be displayed If the temperature of the 100ppm solution is more than 1ºC different from the Pt 1 calibration temperature an OUT OF TEMP RANGE calibration error will be reported If this hap...

Page 108: ...f the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re started from point 1 To calibrate the ISE electrode follow the steps outlined above under three point calibration for points 1 and 2 only 17 7 4 Single point Calibration Single point calibration should be carried out daily For this just 10ppm solution is required The solution can be at any tempera...

Page 109: ...nd to read and comply with all health and safety advice Preparing the 5ppm solution 250mL of 5ppm solution is required To prepare this first make an intermediate dilution of 50ppm To do this mix 6mL of 1000ppm calibration standard with 114mL of deionised water This will produce 120mL of 50ppm solution Next mix 25mL of the 50ppm solution with 225mL of deionised water This will produce 250mL of 5ppm...

Page 110: ...ded 3 Ensure the temperature of the solution is between 20ºC and 40ºC 68ºF 104ºF 4 Press the MENU key then select Calibration The following screen will be displayed Calibration RapidCal DO 100 Full Cal 5 Select Full Cal The screen will change to Calibration pH REDOX ORP DO EC Aux Electrodes 6 Select Aux Electrodes The screen will change to SELECT ELECTRODE 1 TURB l 4 N A 2 F l 5 N A 3 N A l 6 N A ...

Page 111: ...libration will fail 4 Referring to steps 4 7 above select Pt 2 and press OK The Meter will wait until the readings are stable then it will send the calibration command to the Probe where the calibration takes place During calibration the Calibrating screen is displayed and the progress counter counts up as shown above If the calibration is successful the counter will reach 100 and the calibration ...

Page 112: ...E calibration error will be reported If this happens adjust the temperature and try again During two point calibration the AP 2000 and Aquameter must remain switched on If the Aquameter is switched off between points the calibration process will be aborted and must be re started from point 1 To calibrate the ISE electrode follow the steps outlined above under three point calibration for points 1 a...

Page 113: ... These are the Aquameter driver and a USB Serial Port driver 18 3 Driver Installation Connect the Aquameter to your PC using the USB cable provided The Found New Hardware wizard on your PC should activate automatically Different versions of Windows react to plugging USB devices in differently Earlier versions will give you the option to locate and install driver software If this happens direct Win...

Page 114: ...displayed in the Uploaded Data column on the left of the screen To view any of the logged data records simply click on the desired Tag date and time label as shown above The data for the highlighted label will be displayed in the individual data boxes which are grouped by electrode function Any data that is unavailable or out of range will be displayed as dashes To move up and down the Tag date ti...

Page 115: ... name you choose will automatically be given the amf extension Useful Tip Once you have saved the logged data it is a good idea to clear the Aquameter s memory so next time you log data you don t get both your old data and new data uploaded to your PC See Clearing the Memory in section 8 18 9 Retrieving Logged Data Once a Raw Data file has been saved using the above technique it can be easily retr...

Page 116: ...eadings the average readings and the GLP data Each block of individual readings laid out in chronological order follows this page This report can be imported into any text editor or word processor package Useful Tip Of the two text editors supplied with Windows Microsoft WordPad is the preferred text editor for viewing AquaLink Text Reports as this handles text file formatting better than Microsof...

Page 117: ...ings Temp 17 9C Tag 0254 Date 25 Jul 2009 Time 07 14 01 Baro 1005mb Tag 0838 Date 27 Jul 2009 Time 09 46 00 Turb 04 1 NTU Tag 0830 Date 27 Jul 2009 Time 09 06 00 pH 7 55 Tag 0003 Date 24 Jul 2009 Time 10 19 01 pHmV 40 8mV Tag 0556 Date 26 Jul 2009 Time 08 24 00 ORP 354 4mV Tag 0820 Date 27 Jul 2009 Time 08 16 00 DO 30 1 Sat Tag 0427 Date 25 Jul 2009 Time 21 39 00 EC 782uS cm Tag 0149 Date 24 Jul 2...

Page 118: ...Google s proprietary Keyhole Markup Language with a kml extension and can be directly imported into Google Earth where the data is overlaid on satellite images 18 15 Importing Files into Google Earth To view your files in Google Earth you will need to log on to the Google website and install the Google Earth application on your computer This is free of charge at present Once you have downloaded Go...

Page 119: ... in Google Earth is a great way to spot potential sources of pollution If one of the readings you have taken shows an abnormality the chances are that you will be able to spot the possible source of the problem a riverside factory for example directly on the satellite photo 2017 Aquaread Ltd www aquaread com Page 119 of 141 ...

Page 120: ...s Authorisation number by our Service Department You should then return the equipment thoroughly cleaned properly packaged carriage paid to the address you are given If the equipment is within warranty any necessary repairs will be carried out and your equipment will be returned free of charge If the repair is not covered by the warranty you will be given an estimate for the costs of repair and re...

Page 121: ...code ___________________________________ Country ______________________________________ Phone ________________________________________ email __________________________________________ Product ______________________________________ Serial No ______________________________________ Contaminant if known ___________________________________________________________________________ Decontamination Procedu...

Page 122: ...cket The USB CONNECTED message does not appear on the Aquameter when it is connected to a PC The batteries in the Aquameter may be dead or incorrectly fitted Check you have fresh batteries fitted and that they are inserted the correct way round The USB cable does not power the Aquameter There may be a problem with the USB socket on the PC try an alternative socket ERROR 01 appears on the Aquameter...

Page 123: ...ting Recalibrate The EC electrode may be dirty Clean the EC electrode then recalibrate Turbidity readings are inaccurate or unstable Have you got the Probe Sleeve and end cap fitted Turbidity will not work without the Probe Sleeve and end cap fitted Trapped air bubbles may be causing interference Tap and swish the Aquaprobe to dislodge them The sample being measured may contain air bubbles Under t...

Page 124: ...l system and the high speed electronics required to obtain good accuracy are extremely complex Calling on many years experience designing military Night Vision Goggle NVG compatible optics Aquaread engineers have produced an amazingly small and elegant solution Housed in a resin filled marine grade aluminium body that measures just 8mm 0 3 diameter by 13mm 0 5 long the fully waterproof AquaPlus Se...

Page 125: ...ter a reading can be taken the less time the luminophore needs to be excited and the longer it will last The high speed circuitry within the AquaPlus module requires just eleven milliseconds to take a reading This incredibly fast reading time increases the useful life of the luminophore considerably Another technique used to prolong the life of the luminophore in the AquaPlus module is variable ex...

Page 126: ...t then re insert with some PTFE plumber s tape wrapped around the thread 23 3 Aquaprobe Installation The Probe sleeve must be fitted to the Aquaprobe but the protective Sleeve End Cap should not be fitted Loosen the screw collar located at the top of the Flowcell and slide the Aquaprobe in all the way ensuring it is properly seated in the recess where the clear tube enters the base Tighten the col...

Page 127: ...hooting Problem Cause Remedy DO readings are abnormally high or are fluctuating wildly Aeration of sample water Check all joints for air leaks Reduce flow rate to avoid cavitation Turbidity or other optical electrode readings are abnormally high or are fluctuating wildly Air bubbles adhering to the Turbidity Electrode lenses Agitate Flowcell to dislodge Aeration of sample water Check all joints fo...

Page 128: ...d AP 2000 socket labelled AUX1 ISE Electrodes are designed to fit into the AP 2000 socket labelled AUX2 24 1 Installing AUX Electrodes First identify the type of electrode you are installing then remove the blanking plug from the relevant AUX socket on the Aquaprobe To remove the blanking plug and subsequently tighten the AUX Electrode use the red lanyard that is attached to the pH ORP storage cap...

Page 129: ... l 6 N A Using the up and down arrow keys select the AUX socket you wish to assign then move the cursor to the right by pressing the right arrow key When the cursor has moved to the right of the AUX socket number use the up and down arrow keys to select the appropriate electrode type The tables below show the available electrode options and the selection that should be made on this screen AP 2000 ...

Page 130: ...are stored in the Aquaprobe If you press the ESC key whilst in this screen any changes you have made will not be transferred to the Aquaprobe Finally refer to the relevant section of this manual and carry out a full two point optical or three point ISE calibration of the new electrode YOUR NEW ELECTRODE WILL NOT GIVE SENSIBLE READINGS UNTIL IT HAS BEEN FULLY CALIBRATED Please note changing an AUX ...

Page 131: ...uracy 0 2 FS Range 5 C 50 C 23 F 122 F Temperature Resolution 0 01 C Accuracy 0 1 C Readings calculated from EC and temperature electrode values Aquaread Ltd reserves the right to change specifications without notice Notes 1 The accuracy figures quoted throughout this document represent the equipment s capability at the calibration points at 25 C These figures do not take into account errors intro...

Page 132: ... the Refined Oil Electrode operates on a 15 second on 15 second off duty cycle 26 2 How does the Refined Oil sensor work The Refined Oil sensor detects volatile organic compounds VOCs that are found in petroleum derivatives These include benzene toluene ethylbenzene and xylenes BTEX The sensor is a fixed frequency in situ fluorometer that uses deep UV wavelengths 285nm to excite the VOCs An emissi...

Page 133: ...ty 10 of reading MLD 1 200 cells mL Phycoerythrin BGA PE Marine Blue Green Algae Range 0 200 000 cells mL Resolution 1 cell mL Repeatability 10 of reading MLD 1 400 cells mL Rhodamine WT Dye Range 0 500 µg L ppb Resolution 2 Auto range scales 0 00 99 99 µg L 100 0 500 0 µg L Repeatability 5 of reading MLD 1 0 1 µg L MLR 2 5 µg L Fluorescein Dye Range 0 500 µg L ppb Resolution 2 Auto range scales 0...

Page 134: ...ecific substance in reasonable concentrations and measuring relative fluorescence changes that can be used as an indication of increasing or decreasing concentrations Fluorescence measurement techniques are not ideal for quantitative measurement and it is therefore impossible to specify an absolute accuracy In order to obtain accurate results data obtained with a fluorescent electrode in the field...

Page 135: ...fering Ions 2 Magnesium Barium Lead Zinc and Sodium pH Range 3 4 9 Ammonia readings are calculated from Ammonium pH and temperature electrode values Aquaread Ltd reserves the right to change specifications without notice Notes 1 MLD Minimmum Level of Detection is the minimum value the electrode is physically capable of measuring 2 Each ion selective electrode is prone to interference from ions tha...

Page 136: ...s the ISE electrode the ions in the immediate area of the electrode will be depleted and the reading will start to fall This also applies to calibration where the probe should be stirred at all times 27 1 Special Notes Concerning ISE Electrodes during pH Calibration The high ionic concentration of pH calibration solutions buffers including RapidCal can cause significant offsets in ISE electrodes T...

Page 137: ...chamber created within the Aquaprobe must remain physically constant during both calibration and measurement If the turbidity electrode is calibrated under one set of conditions then used to measure under another set of conditions the readings will naturally be erroneous especially at low concentrations A perfect example of this is calibrating with the end cap removed then measuring with the end c...

Page 138: ...type Turbidity Probes air bubbles and stray reflections can be a problem when trying to measure low turbidity values In order to avoid air bubbles keep the Turbidity electrode clean and agitate the Probe after submersion to dislodge any air bubbles which may be clinging to the lenses In order to maintain a common reflective pattern between calibration and use always calibrate and measure turbidity...

Page 139: ...6 Reflection Although all Aquaprobes are provided with a sleeve and End Cap specifically designed to maintain a constant measurement chamber water must be allowed to flow freely over the sensing electrodes to ensure correct operation In order for this to occur a set of holes have been included around the periphery of the sleeve Because both the turbidity electrode and the sleeve are threaded parts...

Page 140: ...or near the bottom in shallow water in direct sunlight where the sunlight can be reflected back into the Probe by light coloured sand or pebbles Sensor saturation can result in negative turbidity readings as the magnitude of the measurement light pulses are clipped or reduced by the upper limit of the sensor If this occurs either lift the Probe up and away from the surface reflecting the sunlight ...

Page 141: ...by Chauncey w Anderson USGS 2004 Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook Randy D Down and Jay H Lehr Chapter 24 Turbidity Monitoring John Downing John Wiley Sons Inc 2005 Turbidity Science Michael J Sadar Hach Company 1998 Guidelines and Standard Procedures for continuous Water Quality Monitors Site Selection Field Operation Calibration Record Computation and Reporting Richard J Wagner...

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