User Manual CLASSIC 514
August 2023
File: User Manual_CLASSIC 514_rev5.docx
7
1.4 Theory and technical set-up
This laser device has a laser diode as the beam source which emits a wavelength of
514 nm.
The electrons of the atoms may have different energy states, which can generate
electromagnetic phosound radiation changing from one state to the next by means of
absorption and consequently by radiation. In their normal state, the electrons of an atom
are in the so-called basic or normal state. This case is called cast inversion.
By applying a low voltage and a high power a diode laser is put into the state of the cast
inversion to create and emit light. Forward electrical bias across the laser diode causes
the emission by means of two species of charge carrier
– holes and electrons – to be
"injected" from opposite sides of the p-n junction into the depletion region. When an
electron and a hole are present in the same region, they may recombine or "annihilate"
producing an ongoing emission, emitting further photons. The avalanche effect of the
stimulated emission arises.
To improve this effect the laser is equipped with a resonator
– in our case the photon-
emitting semiconductor itself. The plan parallel properties of the crystal with its high
index of refraction take over the function of a resonator mirror. The end face of the
semiconductor is covered with a highly reflecting mirror to force the photons to be
reflected several times from each end face before they exit.
Through special manufacturing processes of the semiconductor material, A.R.C. Laser is
able to provide this laser system in its specific wavelength property. The systems
respective maximum output power varies in height and is set by the user via the display -
just like the pulse length and pulse pause.
In general laser diodes are extremely sensitive towards voltage fluctuations. An internal
microchip controller cushions and controls the high voltage to run the diode.
Via beam deflection mirrors and coupling ceramic elements the laser light is coupled into
a silica glass fiber. The transmission of the various wavelengths is independent from the
fiber. Transmissions ranging from 80 to 90 % of the laser power are possible. The laser
source is cooled directly to maintain the mandatory operating. The cooling circuit is
passive and controlled by fans.
