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IQ SERIES OWNERS MANUAL - 37 -
desire to operate a rechargeable battery device on the inverter you should first power it up and closely observe it
for a period of time to ensure that it does not run too hot.
7.3 Battery Types and Ratings
The batteries in general use for automotive, solar, and marine use are lead-acid storage batteries. They can be
separated into two categories according to their use: engine cranking batteries and deep cycle batteries. The
engine cranking battery is specifically designed to supply hundreds of amps for a short period of time to start an
engine. Cranking an engine usually uses a small portion of the battery's total capacity and once the engine is
running, the battery is quickly recharged by the engine's alternator. The deep cycle battery is specifically
designed to deliver current for extended periods of time and can be almost totally discharged before recharging.
The "deep cycle" lead-acid battery is designed to withstand the deep discharge/recharge cycling that is typical of
most inverter installations. These batteries are available in the "maintenance free" style where the electrolyte
does not need to be checked or replenished and they also are available in the gelled electrolyte style or "Gel
Cells". Deep cycle batteries are generally advertised for use in recreational vehicles or boats and are sometimes
referred to as RV or marine batteries.
Battery Council International (BCI) is a voluntary industry organization which has helped to standardize battery
ratings. Ratings in use at this date are: Cold Cranking Amperes (CCA), Marine Cranking Amperes (MCA),
Reserve Capacity (RC) and Ampere-Hour (A-H). The first two of these ratings are used for sizing an engine
cranking battery and have no bearing on a battery's cycling ability. Reserve Capacity is a rating given to cranking
batteries to give a person some idea of how long the battery may last if the vehicle charging system were to break
down and needed to continue driving the vehicle (to the nearest freeway off ramp or service station). This brings
us to the oldest and probably least understood battery capacity rating, the ampere-hour. The ampere-hour is
defined as follows:
Ampere-Hour (A-H):
A unit of measure for a battery's electrical storage capacity, obtained by multiplying the discharge current in
amperes by the time in hours of discharge. The rating is usually for a discharge period of 20 hours and an end
voltage of 10.5 volts. Example: A battery which delivers 5 amperes for 20 hours has a capacity of 100 A-H. 5
amperes x 20 hours = 100 Amp-Hr.)
The reason the A-H rating is misunderstood is simple. A battery that has a rating of 100 AH cannot always deliver
100 A-H. The underlying reason is the efficiency with which the battery converts its chemical energy into electric
energy. The A-H capacity of a battery is affected in the following ways:
Discharge Rate:
A battery becomes less efficient as the discharge current increases. For example, a typical 100
A-H battery is specified to be able to deliver 5 amps for a period of 20 hours. If the discharge
current were increased to 25 amps, the capacity will be reduced to approximately 75 A-H (25
amps x 3 hours = 75 A-H).
Operating Temperature:
A battery becomes less efficient at lower temperatures. Most battery manufacturers specify the
battery A-H capacity at 80øF. At a temperature of 32øF, the same battery will have only about
65% of its rated capacity even though it may be fully charged. At a temperature of 0øF, a
battery's capacity will be reduced to about 40% of its rated capacity.
Battery Age:
As a battery is used, some of the active material on the battery plates will deteriorate and become
useless. As the battery gets older, there will be less and less useful material left on the plates
and the operating time will become noticeably shorter. A battery will age faster (loose active