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Chapter 4. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux

The first time you start your Red Hat Enterprise Linux machine in run level 5 (the graphical run level),

the

Setup Agent

is presented, which guides you through the Red Hat Enterprise Linux configuration.

Using this tool, you can set your system time and date, install software, register your machine with

Red Hat Network, and more. The

Setup Agent

lets you configure your environment at the beginning,

so that you can get started using your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system quickly.
If you are not sure what to do next, we suggest you begin with the other Red Hat Enterprise Linux

manuals available online or on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Documentation CD included with your

Red Hat Enterprise Linux product.
HTML, PDF, and RPM versions of the manuals are available on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Docu-

mentation CD and online at http://www.redhat.com/docs/.

Note

Although this manual reflects the most current information possible, read the

Red Hat Enterprise

Linux Release Notes

for information that may not have been available prior to our documenta-

tion being finalized. They can be found on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD #1 and online at

http://www.redhat.com/docs/.

If you are a more experienced user looking for information on administration topics, you may find the

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Reference Guide

to be more helpful.

For an overview of system administration, refer to the

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Introduction to Sys-

tem Administration

. If you are looking for information on system configuration, you may find the

Red

Hat Enterprise Linux System Administration Guide

to be helpful.

If you are looking for information on securing your system, refer to the

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Security Guide

Do not forget to register for the benefits you are entitled to as a Red Hat customer. Registration enables

access to the Red Hat Services you have purchased, such as technical support and Red Hat Network.
To register your product, go to:

http://www.redhat.com/apps/activate/

4.30. Itanium Systems — Booting Your Machine and Post-Installation

Setup

This section describes how to boot your Itanium into Red Hat Enterprise Linux and how to set your

EFI console variables so that Red Hat Enterprise Linux is automatically booted when the machine is

powered on.
After you reboot your system at the end of the installation program, type the following command to

boot into Red Hat Enterprise Linux:

elilo

After you type

elilo

, the default kernel listed in the

/boot/efi/elilo.conf

configuration file is

loaded. (The first kernel listed in the file is the default.)
If you want to load a different kernel, type the label name of the kernel from the file

/boot/efi/elilo.conf

after the

elilo

command. For example, to load the kernel named

linux

, type:

Содержание ENTERPRISE LINUX 3 - FOR X86-ITANIUMTM-AMD64 AND INTEL EXTENDED MEMORY 64 TECHNOLO

Страница 1: ...Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 Installation Guide for x86 Itanium AMD64 and Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology Intel EM64T ...

Страница 2: ... Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds Motif and UNIX are registered trademarks of The Open Group XFree86 is a trademark of The XFree86 Project Inc and is pending registration Intel and Pentium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation Itanium and Celeron are trademarks of Intel Corporation AMD Opteron Athlon Duron and K6 are registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices Inc Net...

Страница 3: ...ise Linux 13 4 1 The Graphical Installation Program User Interface 13 4 1 1 A Note about Virtual Consoles 13 4 2 The Text Mode Installation Program User Interface 14 4 2 1 Using the Keyboard to Navigate 16 4 3 Starting the Installation Program 16 4 3 1 Booting the Installation Program on x86 AMD64 and Intel EM64T Systems 16 4 3 2 Booting the Installation Program on Itanium Systems 18 4 3 3 Additio...

Страница 4: ... 1 Creating a New Boot Loader Configuration 61 A 3 2 Advanced Boot Loader Configuration 63 A 3 3 Rescue Mode 64 A 3 4 Alternative Boot Loaders 65 A 3 5 SMP Motherboards GRUB and LILO 65 A 4 Upgrading Packages 66 A 5 Upgrade Complete 66 B Removing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 67 C Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 69 C 1 You are Unable to Boot Red Hat Enterprise Linux 69 C 1...

Страница 5: ...D 1 Hard Disk Basic Concepts 81 D 1 1 It is Not What You Write it is How You Write It 81 D 1 2 Partitions Turning One Drive Into Many 83 D 1 3 Partitions within Partitions An Overview of Extended Partitions 84 D 1 4 Making Room For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 85 D 1 5 Partition Naming Scheme 89 D 1 6 Disk Partitions and Other Operating Systems 90 D 1 7 Disk Partitions and Mount Points 90 D 1 8 How Ma...

Страница 6: ......

Страница 7: ...considered to be part of the command so the entire phrase is displayed as a command For example Use the cat testfile command to view the contents of a file named testfile in the current working directory file name File names directory names paths and RPM package names are represented this way This style should indicate that a particular file or directory exists by that name on your system Examples...

Страница 8: ... text can be found on a clickable button on a GUI screen For example Click on the Back button to return to the webpage you last viewed computer output Text in this style indicates text displayed to a shell prompt such as error messages and responses to commands For example The ls command displays the contents of a directory For example Desktop about html logs paulwesterberg png Mail backupfiles ma...

Страница 9: ...umentation for packages installed on your system Important If you modify the DHCP configuration file the changes will not take effect until you restart the DHCP daemon Caution Do not perform routine tasks as root use a regular user account unless you need to use the root account for system administration tasks Warning Be careful to remove only the necessary Red Hat Enterprise Linux partitions Remo...

Страница 10: ...rhel ig x8664 multi EN 3 Print RHI 2003 07 25T17 10 If you have a suggestion for improving the documentation try to be as specific as possible when de scribing it If you have found an error please include the section number and some of the surrounding text so we can find it easily If you have a support question for example if you need help configuring X or if you are not sure how to partition your...

Страница 11: ...tldp org HOWTO Keyboard and Console HOWTO html The README Accessibility file provides more information and instructions for using some of the tools available for users with special needs This file can be found in usr share doc redhat release X where X is the release number of your installed product ...

Страница 12: ...vi Introduction ...

Страница 13: ...Linux installation program load EFI protocols and device drivers and execute simple scripts It is similar to a DOS console and can only access media that is FAT16 VFAT formatted The EFI Shell also contains common utilities that can be used on the EFI system partition These utilities include edit type cp rm and mkdir For a list of utilities and other commands type help at the EFI Shell prompt The E...

Страница 14: ... HD Part1 Sig725F7772 blk7 VenHw Unknown Device FF blk8 VenHw Unknown Device FF CDROM Entry1 blk9 VenHw Unknown Device FF CDROM Entry1 HD Part1 Sig00000000 In this example there is an LS 120 diskette in the LS 120 drive as well as a CD ROM in the CD ROM drive All the listings beginning with fs are FAT16 file systems that EFI can read All the listings beginning with blk are block devices that EFI r...

Страница 15: ...rmats online go to http www redhat com docs 2 2 Registering Your Product Registration enables access to the Red Hat Services you have purchased such as technical support and Red Hat Network To register your product go to http www redhat com apps activate Note You must activate your product before attempting to connect to Red Hat Network If your product has not been activated Red Hat Network reject...

Страница 16: ...uch space you really need refer to the recommended partitioning sizes discussed in Section 4 17 4 Recommended Partitioning Scheme If you are not sure that you meet these conditions or if you want to know how to create free disk space for your Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation refer to Appendix D An Introduction to Disk Partitions 2 5 Can You Install Using the CD ROM There are several methods t...

Страница 17: ...work device drivers diskette to boot from a network you must create it The network device driver diskette image file drvnet img is located in the images directory on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD 1 Refer to Section 2 5 3 Making an Installation Boot Diskette or Appendix E Driver Media for more information on making a diskette Block Device Drivers Diskette If you need a block device driver diskett...

Страница 18: ...erred to here as path to workspace using the following command cp r path to cd isolinux path to workspace Change directories to the path to workspace directory you have created cd path to workspace Make sure the files you have copied have appropriate permissions chmod u w isolinux Finally issue the following command to create the ISO image file mkisofs o file iso b isolinux bin c boot cat no emul ...

Страница 19: ...t label a blank formatted diskette appropriately such as Boot Disk or Updates Disk Insert it into the diskette drive Then use the following com mands assuming your CD ROM is drive D C d D cd dosutils D dosutils rawrite Enter disk image source file name images bootdisk img Enter target diskette drive a Please insert a formatted diskette into drive A and press ENTER Enter D dosutils First rawrite as...

Страница 20: ...t be available for either a network installation via NFS FTP or HTTP or installation via local storage Use the following steps if you are perform ing an NFS FTP or HTTP installation The NFS FTP or HTTP server to be used for installation over the network must be a seperate machine which can provide the complete RedHat directory Both the RedHat base and RedHat RPMS directories must be available and ...

Страница 21: ...nted and or exported FTP and HTTP installations also support a second type of tree structure To make it easier to access the contents of the installation CD ROMs mount each CD ROM or ISO image with the following mount point on the FTP or HTTP server where X is the number of the CD ROM or ISO image location of disk space discX For example mount o loop CD1 iso location of disk space disc1 2 6 1 Usin...

Страница 22: ...entire installation tree Hard drive installations only work from ext2 or ext3 file systems Set of CD ROMs Create CD ROM ISO image files from each installation CD ROMs For each CD ROM execute the following command on a Linux system dd if dev cdrom of tmp file name iso ISO images transfer these images to the system to be installed Verifying that ISO images are intact before you attempt an installati...

Страница 23: ...s map of partitions and mount points ex dev hda1 home dev hda2 fill this in once you know where they will reside memory amount of RAM installed on your system ex 128 MB 512 MB CD ROM interface type ex SCSI IDE ATAPI SCSI adapter if present make and model number ex BusLogic SCSI Adapter Adaptec 2940UW network card if present make and model number ex Tulip 3COM 3C590 mouse type protocol and number o...

Страница 24: ... IP address four numbers separated by dots ex 10 0 2 245 one or more name server IP addresses DNS one or more sets of dot separated numbers ex 10 0 2 1 domain name the name given to your organization ex example com hostname the name of your computer your personal choice of names ex cookie southpark Table 3 1 System Requirements Table If any of these networking requirements or terms are unfamiliar ...

Страница 25: ... system and you do not wish to use the GUI instal lation program the text mode installation program is also available To start the text mode installation program use the following command at the boot prompt linux text Refer to Section 4 2 The Text Mode Installation Program User Interface for a brief overview of text mode installation instructions It is highly recommended that installs be performed...

Страница 26: ... listing of the virtual consoles keystrokes used to switch to them and their contents Generally there is no reason to leave the default console virtual console 7 for graphical installations unless you are attempting to diagnose installation problems Console Keystrokes Contents 1 Ctrl Alt F1 installation dialog 2 Ctrl Alt F2 shell prompt 3 Ctrl Alt F3 install log messages from installation program ...

Страница 27: ...e finished in that window it disappears allowing you to continue working in the window underneath Checkbox Checkboxes allow you to select or deselect a feature The box displays either an asterisk selected or a space unselected When the cursor is within a checkbox press Space to select or deselect a feature Text Input Text input lines are regions where you can enter information required by the inst...

Страница 28: ...ation through the installation dialogs is performed through a simple set of keystrokes To move the cursor use the Left Right Up and Down arrow keys Use Tab and Alt Tab to cycle forward or backward through each widget on the screen Along the bottom most screens display a summary of available cursor positioning keys To press a button position the cursor over the button using Tab for example and pres...

Страница 29: ...e so that the CD ROM is first in your boot order and that C or A whichever is your typical boot default is second This instructs the computer to first look at the CD ROM drive for bootable media if it does not find bootable media on the CD ROM drive it will then check your hard drive or diskette drive Save your changes before exiting the BIOS For more information refer to the documentation that ca...

Страница 30: ...rom an LS 120 diskette If you want to perform a hard drive NFS FTP or HTTP installation you must boot from boot LS 120 diskette You must create an LS 120 boot image file diskette from the boot image file on CD 1 images boot img To create this diskette in Linux insert a blank LS 120 diskette and type the following command at a shell prompt dd if boot img of dev hda bs 180k Replace boot img with the...

Страница 31: ...rmed in a specific order for example CD 1 does not have the be the first CD you verify It is strongly recommended to perform this operation on any Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD that was created from downloaded ISO images This command works with the CD DVD hard drive ISO and NFS ISO installation methods Also in the images directory is the boot iso file This file is an ISO image than can be used to bo...

Страница 32: ...ur system you can boot directly from the CD ROM drive without using a boot diskette To do this assuming your CD ROM is drive d use the following commands C d D cd dosutils D dosutils autoboot bat This method does not work if run in a DOS window the autoboot bat file must be executed with DOS as the only operating system In other words Windows cannot be running If your computer cannot boot directly...

Страница 33: ...tion instructions 4 5 Installing from CD ROM To install Red Hat Enterprise Linux from a CD ROM choose the CD ROM option and select OK When prompted insert the Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD into your CD ROM drive if you did not boot from the CD Once the CD is in the CD ROM drive select OK and press Enter The installation program then probes your system and attempts to identify your CD ROM drive It st...

Страница 34: ...file containing an exact copy of a CD ROM disk image Because Red Hat Enterprise Linux has so many packages included with its distribution there are several ISO images available After placing the required ISO images the binary Red Hat Enterprise Linux CD ROMs in a directory choose to install from the hard drive You can then point the installation program at that directory to perform the installatio...

Страница 35: ...oose to configure the IP address and Netmask of the device via DHCP or manually If manually enter the IP address you are using during installation and press Enter The installation program attempts to guess your Netmask based on your IP address you may change the netmask if it is incorrect Press Enter The installation program guesses the Default gateway and Primary nameserver addresses from your IP...

Страница 36: ... installing from an FTP server if you selected FTP in the Installation Method dialog This dialog allows you to identify the FTP server from which you are installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux Figure 4 5 FTP Setup Dialog Enter the name or IP address of the FTP site you are installing from and the name of the directory containing the RedHat installation files for your architecture For example if the F...

Страница 37: ... the name or IP address of the HTTP site you are installing from and the name of the directory containing the RedHat installation files for your architecture For example if the HTTP site contains the directory mirrors redhat arch RedHat enter mirrors redhat arch where arch is replaced with the architecture type of your system such as i386 ia64 ppc or s390 If everything was specified properly a mes...

Страница 38: ...button to continue 4 12 Language Selection Using your mouse select the language you would prefer to use for the installation refer to Figure 4 7 Selecting the appropriate language also helps target your time zone configuration later in the installa tion The installation program tries to define the appropriate time zone based on what you specify on this screen Figure 4 7 Language Selection Once you...

Страница 39: ...hoose a mouse type that you are sure is compatible with your system refer to Figure 4 9 To determine your mouse s interface follow the mouse cable back to where it plugs into your system and use the following diagrams If your mouse is a serial mouse the port looks similar to If your mouse is a PS 2 mouse the port looks similar to If your mouse is a USB mouse the port looks similar to If you cannot...

Страница 40: ...ouse Con figuration Tool Type the redhat config mouse command in a shell prompt to launch the Mouse Configuration Tool If you are not root it prompts you for the root password to continue To configure your mouse to work as a left handed mouse reset the order of the mouse buttons To do this after you have booted the system go to the Main Menu Button on the Panel Preferences Mouse 4 15 Disk Partitio...

Страница 41: ... Figure 4 10 Disk Partitioning Setup If you chose to manually partition using Disk Druid refer to Section 4 17 Partitioning Your System Warning If you receive an error after the Disk Partitioning Setup phase of the installation saying something similar to The partition table on device hda was unreadable To create new partitions it must be initial ized causing the loss of ALL DATA on this drive You...

Страница 42: ...is removed by the installation pro gram Do not select this option if you have information that you want to keep on the hard drive s where you are installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux Keep all partitions and use existing free space select this option to retain your current data and partitions assuming you have enough free space available on your hard drive s Figure 4 11 Automatic Partitioning Using ...

Страница 43: ...ve made your selections to proceed 4 17 Partitioning Your System If you chose automatic partitioning and did not select Review skip ahead to Section 4 19 Network Configuration If you chose automatic partitioning and selected Review you can either accept the current partition settings click Next or modify the setup using Disk Druid the manual partitioning tool At this point you must tell the instal...

Страница 44: ...the partitioning requirements for a typical installation 4 17 1 Graphical Display of Hard Drive s Disk Druid offers a graphical representation of your hard drive s Using your mouse click once to highlight a particular field in the graphical display Double click to edit an existing partition or to create a partition out of existing free space Above the display you can review the Drive name such as ...

Страница 45: ...to confirm the deletion of any partition Reset Used to restore Disk Druid to its original state All changes made will be lost if you Reset the partitions RAID Used to provide redundancy to any or all disk partitions It should only be used if you have experience using RAID To read more about RAID refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux System Administration Guide To make a RAID device you must first ...

Страница 46: ... If you are unsure about what size swap partition to create make it twice the amount of RAM on your machine but no larger than 2 GB It must be of type swap Tip If your partitioning scheme requires a swap partition that is larger than 2 GB you should create an additional swap partition For example if you have 4 GB of RAM you may want to create two 2 GB swap partitions A root partition 900 MB 5 0 GB...

Страница 47: ...f the remaining space on your hard drive Caution If you have a RAID card be aware that some BIOSes do not support booting from the RAID card In cases such as these the boot partition must be created on a partition outside of the RAID array such as on a separate hard drive A root partition 350 MB 5 0 GB this is where the root directory is located In this setup all files except those stored in boot ...

Страница 48: ...the available hard drive space to a certain point or to allow it to grow to fill any remaining hard drive space available If you choose Fill all space up to MB you must give size constraints in the field to the right of this option This allows you to keep a certain amount of space free on your hard drive for future use Force to be a primary partition Select whether the partition you are creating s...

Страница 49: ... 6 Editing Partitions To edit a partition select the Edit button or double click on the existing partition Note If the partition already exists on your hard disk you can only change the partition s mount point To make any other changes you must delete the partition and recreate it 4 17 7 Deleting a Partition To delete a partition highlight it in the Partitions section and click the Delete button C...

Страница 50: ...4 15 Boot Loader Configuration If you do not want to install GRUB as your boot loader click Change boot loader You can then choose to install LILO or choose not to install a boot loader at all If you already have a boot loader that can boot Red Hat Enterprise Linux and do not want to overwrite your current boot loader choose Do not install a boot loader by clicking on the Change boot loader button...

Страница 51: ...our system security With a boot loader password in place the password must first be entered before selecting any non standard boot options If you choose to use a boot loader password to enhance your system security be sure to select the checkbox labeled Use a boot loader password Once selected enter a password and confirm it To configure more advance boot loader options such as changing the drive ...

Страница 52: ... device The Force LBA32 not normally required option allows you to exceed the 1024 cylinder limit for the boot partition If you have a system which supports the LBA32 extension for booting operating systems above the 1024 cylinder limit and you want to place your boot partition above cylinder 1024 you should select this option Tip While partitioning your hard drive keep in mind that the BIOS in so...

Страница 53: ...linux rescue at the boot prompt Itanium users should type elilo linux rescue to enter rescue mode For additional information refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux System Administration Guide 4 18 3 Alternative Boot Loaders If you do not wish to use a boot loader you have several alternatives LOADLIN You can load Linux from MS DOS Unfortunately this requires a copy of the Linux kernel and an initia...

Страница 54: ...d Hat Enterprise Linux kernel version smp will boot by default However if you have trouble with the SMP kernel you can elect to boot the Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernel version entry instead You will retain all the functionality as before but you will only be operating with a single processor The two LILO entries will be linux and linux up The linux entry will boot by default However if you have t...

Страница 55: ... enter contact your network administrator for assistance If you have a hostname fully qualified domain name for the network device you can choose to have DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol automatically detect it or you can manually enter the hostname in the field provided Finally if you entered the IP and Netmask information manually you may also enter the Gateway address and the Primary Se...

Страница 56: ...accepted by your system other than the default settings that are not explicitly defined by you By default only connections in response to outbound requests such as DNS replies or DHCP requests are allowed If access to services running on this machine is needed you can choose to allow specific services through the firewall If you are connecting your system to the Internet but do not plan to run a s...

Страница 57: ...hat an improperly configured SMTP server can allow remote machines to use your server to send spam You can allow access to ports which are not listed here by listing them in the Other ports field Use the following format port protocol For example if you want to allow IMAP access through your firewall you can specify imap tcp You can also explicitly specify numeric ports to allow UDP packets on por...

Страница 58: ...he installation Caution If you select only one language you can only use that specified language after the installation is complete Figure 4 20 Language Support Selection To use more than one language on your system choose specific languages to be installed or select all languages to have all available languages installed on your Red Hat Enterprise Linux system Use the Reset button to cancel your ...

Страница 59: ...ime Figure 4 21 Configuring the Time Zone On both tabs you can select System Clock uses UTC Please select this if you know that your system is set to UTC Tip To change your time zone configuration after you have completed the installation use the Time and Date Properties Tool Type the redhat config date command in a shell prompt to launch the Time and Date Properties Tool If you are not root it pr...

Страница 60: ... of the installation process without entering a root password The root password must be at least six characters long the password you type is not echoed to the screen You must enter the password twice if the two passwords do not match the installation program asks you to enter them again You should make the root password something you can remember but not something that is easy for someone else to...

Страница 61: ...rd Tool If you are not root it prompts you for the root password to continue 4 24 Package Group Selection After your partitions have been selected and configured for formatting you are ready to select pack ages for installation First a screen appears that details the default package set for your Red Hat Enterprise Linux installa tion This screen varies depending on the version of Red Hat Enterpris...

Страница 62: ...Compatibility Arch Support and Compatibility Arch Development Support packages to install architecure specific support for their systems To select a component click on the checkbox beside it refer to Figure 4 24 Figure 4 24 Package Group Selection Select each component you wish to install Selecting Everything at the end of the component list installs all packages included with Red Hat Enterprise L...

Страница 63: ... computer s Reset button or use the Control Alt Delete key combination to restart your machine 4 26 Installing Packages At this point there is nothing left for you to do until all the packages have been installed How quickly this happens depends on the number of packages you have selected and your computer s speed 4 27 Video Card Configuration The installation program now presents a list of video ...

Страница 64: ...e your X configuration after you have completed the installation use the X Configuration Tool Type the redhat config xfree86 command in a shell prompt to launch the X Configuration Tool If you are not root it prompts you for the root password to continue 4 28 X Configuration Monitor and Customization To complete X configuration you must configure your monitor and customize your X settings To skip ...

Страница 65: ...tor and damage or destroy it Figure 4 27 Monitor Selection The horizontal and vertical ranges that the installation program suggests for the selected monitor are also displayed below the list of monitors If you decide that your monitor selection or the horizontal and vertical ranges are incorrect you can click the Restore original values button to return to the original suggested settings Click Ne...

Страница 66: ...ey are not ejected automatically upon reboot After your computer s normal power up sequence has completed the graphical boot loader prompt appears at which you can do any of the following things Press Enter causes the default boot entry to be booted Select a boot label followed by Enter causes the boot loader to boot the operating system corresponding to the boot label Press or Tab at LILO s text ...

Страница 67: ... topics you may find the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Reference Guide to be more helpful For an overview of system administration refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Introduction to Sys tem Administration If you are looking for information on system configuration you may find the Red Hat Enterprise Linux System Administration Guide to be helpful If you are looking for information on securing your sy...

Страница 68: ... After installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux you can type elilo and any boot options at the EFI Shell prompt each time you wish to boot your Itanium system However if you wish to configure your system to boot into Red Hat Enterprise Linux automatically you need to configure the EFI Boot Manager To configure the EFI Boot Manager may vary slighly depending on your hardware 1 Boot the Itanium system an...

Страница 69: ...inux The startup nsh script should be in the boot efi partition boot efi startup nsh and contain the following text echo off your set of commands elilo If you want to pass options to the boot loader refer to Section 4 30 1 Post Installation Boot Loader Options add them after elilo You can either create this file after booting into Red Hat Enterprise Linux or use the editor built into the EFI shell...

Страница 70: ...58 Chapter 4 Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux ...

Страница 71: ...tion files by renaming them with an rpmsave ex tension for example sendmail cf rpmsave The upgrade process also creates a log of its actions in root upgrade log As software evolves configuration file formats can change so you should carefully compare your original configuration files to the new files before integrating your changes Note It is always a good idea to back up any data that you have on...

Страница 72: ...eany command if your Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation was not given as an option to upgrade To perform an upgrade select Perform an upgrade of an existing installation Click Next when you are ready to begin your upgrade To perform a new installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux on your system select Perform a new Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation and refer to Chapter 4 Installing Red Hat E...

Страница 73: ...order to boot the system without a boot diskette you usually need to install a boot loader A boot loader is the first software program that runs when a computer starts It is responsible for loading and transferring control to the operating system kernel software The kernel in turn initializes the rest of the operating system The installation program provides two boot loaders for you to choose from...

Страница 74: ...ion to select it Once selected you can change the boot label by clicking the Edit button Select Default beside the preferred boot partition to choose your default bootable OS You will not be able to move forward in the installation unless you choose a default boot image Note The Label column lists what you must enter at the boot prompt in non graphical boot loaders in order to boot the desired ope...

Страница 75: ...r in one of two places The master boot record MBR This is the recommended place to install a boot loader unless the MBR already starts another operating system loader such as System Commander The MBR is a special area on your hard drive that is automatically loaded by your computer s BIOS and is the earliest point at which the boot loader can take control of the boot process If you install it in t...

Страница 76: ...ion Tip While partitioning your hard drive keep in mind that the BIOS in some older systems cannot access more than the first 1024 cylinders on a hard drive If this is the case leave enough room for the boot Linux partition on the first 1024 cylinders of your hard drive to boot Linux The other Linux partitions can be after cylinder 1024 In parted 1024 cylinders equals 528MB For more information re...

Страница 77: ... mirror sites SYSLINUX SYSLINUX is an MS DOS program very similar to LOADLIN It is also available from ftp metalab unc edu pub Linux system boot loaders and associated mirror sites Commercial boot loaders You can load Linux using commercial boot loaders For example System Commander and Parti tion Magic are able to boot Linux but still require GRUB or LILO to be installed in your Linux root partiti...

Страница 78: ...t Enterprise Linux product HTML PDF and RPM versions of the manuals are available on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Docu mentation CD and online at http www redhat com docs Note Although this manual reflects the most current information possible read the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Release Notes for information that may not have been available prior to our documenta tion being finalized They can be fou...

Страница 79: ...l receive a boot prompt At the boot prompt type linux rescue This will start the rescue mode program You will be prompted for your keyboard and language requirements Enter these values as you would during the installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux Next a screen will appear telling you that the program will now attempt to find a Red Hat Enterprise Linux install to rescue Select Skip on this scree...

Страница 80: ...ges start taking place as soon as you press Enter so review the command before com mitting to it After removing the partition use the print command to confirm that it is removed from the partition table Once you have removed the Linux partitions and made all of the changes you need to make type quit to quit parted After quitting parted type exit at the boot prompt to exit rescue mode and reboot yo...

Страница 81: ...combination that allows you to access your BIOS or you can read the key sequence needed while the system begins to boot assuming it is displayed To create a boot diskette follow the instructions in Section 2 5 3 Making an Installation Boot Diskette To boot Red Hat Enterprise Linux using a boot diskette insert the diskette you have created into your diskette drive and then boot reboot your computer...

Страница 82: ...rror in memory on your system s bus A hardware error in memory can be caused by problems in executables or with the system s hardware Like other operating systems Red Hat Enterprise Linux places its own demands on your system s hardware Some of this hardware may not be able to meet those demands even if they work properly under another OS Review if you have the latest installation and supplemental...

Страница 83: ... 4 14 Mouse Configuration Figure C 1 Mouse Not Detected C 2 2 Problems with Booting into the Graphical Installation There are some video cards that do not work properly with the installation program The end result being a problem booting into the graphical installation program If the installation program does not run using its default settings it will try to run in a lower resolution mode If that ...

Страница 84: ... to a new tty virtual console by pressing the keys Ctrl Alt F2 and scp the message written to tmp anacdump txt to a known working remote system C 3 3 Trouble with Partition Tables If you receive an error after the Disk Partitioning Setup Section 4 15 Disk Partitioning Setup phase of the installation saying something similar to The partition table on device hda was unreadable To create new partitio...

Страница 85: ...id s dependencies to be satisfied You must have the following partitions as a bare minimum A boot efi partition of type VFAT A root partition A swap partition of type swap Tip When defining a partition s type as swap you do not have to assign it a mount point Disk Druid automatically assigns the mount point for you C 3 7 Are You Seeing Python Errors During some upgrades or installations of Red Hat...

Страница 86: ...at com anaconda You can also search for bug reports related to this problem To search Red Hat s bug tracking system go to http bugzilla redhat com bugzilla Finally if you are still facing problems related to this error register your product and contact our support team To register your product go to http www redhat com apps activate C 4 Problems After Installation C 4 1 Trouble With the Graphical ...

Страница 87: ...r this command and press Enter the graphical desktop environment is displayed Note however that this is just a one time fix and does not change the log in process for future log ins To set up your system so that you can log in at a graphical login screen you must edit one file etc inittab by changing just one number in the runlevel section When you are finished reboot the computer The next time yo...

Страница 88: ... x86 based system and GRUB is your installed boot loader type e for edit when the GRUB boot screen has loaded You are presented with a list of items in the configuration file for the boot label you have selected Choose the line that starts with kernel and type e to edit this boot entry At the end of the kernel line add single Press Enter to exit edit mode Once the GRUB screen has returned type b t...

Страница 89: ...tem Or you can add the following line to the etc lilo conf file append mem xxM Note that the append command works in both GRUB and LILO Replace xx with the amount of RAM you have in megabytes Remember that per image append lines completely overwrite the global append line It might be worth adding this to the per image descriptions In etc lilo conf the above example would look similar to the follow...

Страница 90: ...figuration Tool redhat config soundcard utility To use the Sound Card Configuration Tool choose Main Menu System Settings Soundcard Detection A small text box will pop up prompting you for your root password You can also type the redhat config soundcard command at a shell prompt to launch the Sound Card Configuration Tool If you are not root it prompts you for the root password to continue To run ...

Страница 91: ...DIA chipset and have just updated your kernel you may experience problems with the video card such as not having any video output If you experience a similar problem you should download the latest kernel drivers available for your NVIDIA chipset For more information refer to http www nvidia com view asp IO linux_display_1 0 3123 ...

Страница 92: ...80 Appendix C Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux ...

Страница 93: ... systems sharing disk space with other operating systems and related topics D 1 Hard Disk Basic Concepts Hard disks perform a very simple function they store data and reliably retrieve it on command When discussing issues such as disk partitioning it is important to know a bit about the underlying hardware Unfortunately it is easy to become bogged down in details Therefore this appendix uses a sim...

Страница 94: ... easy Figure D 3 Disk Drive with a Different File System Of course writing a file system to disk is only the beginning The goal of this process is to actually store and retrieve data Let us take a look at our drive after some files have been written to it Figure D 4 Disk Drive with Data Written to It As Figure D 4 shows some of the previously empty blocks are now holding data However by just looki...

Страница 95: ...agrams Figure D 5 Disk Drive with Partition Table As Figure D 5 shows the partition table is divided into four sections Each section can hold the information necessary to define a single partition meaning that the partition table can define no more than four partitions Each partition table entry contains several important characteristics of the partition The points on the disk where the partition ...

Страница 96: ...eric values Partition Type Value Partition Type Value Empty 00 Novell Netware 386 65 DOS 12 bit FAT 01 PIC IX 75 XENIX root 02 Old MINIX 80 XENIX usr 03 Linux MINUX 81 DOS 16 bit 32M 04 Linux swap 82 Extended 05 Linux native 83 DOS 16 bit 32 06 Linux extended 85 OS 2 HPFS 07 Amoeba 93 AIX 08 Amoeba BBT 94 AIX bootable 09 BSD 386 a5 OS 2 Boot Manager 0a OpenBSD a6 Win95 FAT32 0b NEXTSTEP a7 Win95 F...

Страница 97: ...ition As this figure implies there is a difference between primary and logical partitions there can only be four primary partitions but there is no fixed limit to the number of logical partitions that can exist However due to the way in which partitions are accessed in Linux you should avoid defining more than 12 logical paritions on a single disk drive Now that we have discussed partitions in gen...

Страница 98: ...cated to it never seem to be used anymore Figure D 9 illustrates such a situation Linux native DOS DOS DOS CP M DOS Figure D 9 Disk Drive With an Unused Partition In Figure D 9 1 represents an unused partition and 2 represents reallocating an unused partition for Linux If you find yourself in this situation you can use the space allocated to the unused partition You first must delete the partition...

Страница 99: ...uctively Repartitioned In Figure D 10 1 represents before and 2 represents after Caution As Figure D 10 shows any data present in the original partition is lost without proper backup Non Destructive Repartitioning Here you run a program that does the seemingly impossible it makes a big partition smaller without losing any of the files stored in that partition Many people have found this method to ...

Страница 100: ...o create an unformatted partition of the same type as the original partition DOS DOS DOS DOS DOS Figure D 12 Disk Drive with Partition Resized In Figure D 12 1 represents before and 2 represents after It is important to understand what the resizing software you use does with the newly freed space so that you can take the appropriate steps In the case we have illustrated it would be best to delete ...

Страница 101: ...s which may be confusing particularly if you are used to the C drive way of referring to hard disks and their partitions In the DOS Windows world partitions are named using the following method Each partition s type is checked to determine if it can be read by DOS Windows If the partition s type is compatible it is assigned a drive letter The drive letters start with a C and move on to the followi...

Страница 102: ...le Each partition gets a drive letter You then use the correct drive letter to refer to files and directories on its corresponding partition This is entirely different from how Linux deals with partitions and for that matter with disk storage in general The main difference is that each partition is used to form part of the storage necessary to support a single set of files and directories This is ...

Страница 103: ...t BIOSes do not have these limitations but this is by no means universal Tip While partitioning your hard drive keep in mind that the BIOS in some older systems cannot access more than the first 1024 cylinders on a hard drive If this is the case leave enough room for the boot Linux partition on the first 1024 cylinders of your hard drive to boot Linux The other Linux partitions can be after cylind...

Страница 104: ... at ID 0 or ID 1 No other SCSI IDs will work As mentioned earlier it is possible that some of the newer BIOSes may permit GRUB and LILO to work with configurations that do not meet these guidelines Likewise some of GRUB and LILO s more esoteric features may be used to get a Linux system started even if the configuration does not meet our guidelines However due to the number of variables involved R...

Страница 105: ...CD ROM that a hardware vendor includes with a piece of hardware Driver media is used if you need access to a particular device to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux Drivers can be used for network NFS installations installations using a PCMCIA or block device non standard or very new CD ROM drives SCSI adapters NICs and other uncommon devices Note If an unsupported device is not needed to install Re...

Страница 106: ...k formatted diskette or LS 120 diskette for Itanium system users into the diskette drive 2 From the same directory containing the driver diskette image such as drvnet img type d dosutils rawrite drvnet img a at the command line where d is the drive letter for the CD ROM device E 1 3 Using a Driver Image During Installation If you need to use a driver image such as during a PCMCIA device or NFS ins...

Страница 107: ...nagement APM and tend to crash apm power_off This x86 boot command makes Red Hat Enterprise Linux shutdown power off the system by default It is useful for SMP systems that do not shutdown by default apm realmode_power_off Some BIOSes crash on x86 based systems when trying to shutdown power off the machine This command changes the method of how this is done from the Windows NT way to the Win dows ...

Страница 108: ...s you to override the amount of memory the kernel detects for the machine This may be needed for some older systems where only 16 MB is detected and for some new machines where the video card shares the video memory with the main memory When executing this command xxx should be replaced with the amount of memory in megabytes nmi_watchdog 1 This command enables the built in kernel deadlock detector...

Страница 109: ...th device ordering on SCSI systems reboot b This x86 AMD64 and Intel EM64T boot command changes the way the kernel tries to reboot the machine If a kernel hang is experienced while the system is shutting down this command may cause the system to reboot successfully rescue This command runs rescue mode Refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux System Administration Guide for more information about resc...

Страница 110: ...98 Appendix F Additional Boot Options vnc This command allows you to install from a VNC server vncpassword This command sets the password used to connect to the VNC server ...

Страница 111: ... http www linuxia64 org The Official Home Page of the Itanium Linux Project http www intel com products server processors server itanium index htm iid sr itanium The Intel website on the Itanium Processor http developer intel com technology efi index htm iid sr efi The Intel website for the Ex tensible Firmware Interface EFI http www itanium com eBusiness products itanium The Intel website on the ...

Страница 112: ...100 Appendix G Additional Resources about Itanium and Linux ...

Страница 113: ...on 39 63 LILO 37 MBR 39 63 password 39 63 boot loader password 39 63 boot methods block device drivers diskette 4 boot CD ROM 4 local boot diskette 4 network device drivers diskette 4 PCMCIA device drivers diskettes 4 USB diskette drive 6 boot options 19 additional 95 kernel 95 boot iso 19 mediacheck 19 serial mode 19 UTF 8 19 text mode 19 boot img 18 boot iso 19 bootable CD ROM 20 booting install...

Страница 114: ...erview of 81 file system types 36 firewall configuration 44 customize incoming services 44 customize trusted services 44 security levels enable firewall 44 no firewall 44 FTP installation 8 24 G GRUB 37 60 alternatives to 41 65 commercial products 41 65 LOADLIN 41 65 SYSLINUX 41 65 BIOS related issues 91 configuration 37 60 creating a new configuration 61 partitioning related issues 91 removing 67...

Страница 115: ...oard configuration 26 navigating the installation program using 16 keymap selecting type of keyboard 26 L language selecting 26 support for multiple languages 46 LILO 37 60 alternatives to 41 65 commercial products 41 65 LOADLIN 41 65 SYSLINUX 41 65 BIOS related issues 91 configuration 37 60 creating a new configuration 61 partitioning related issues 91 removing 67 SMP motherboards 42 65 Linux lik...

Страница 116: ...ended partitioning 34 root password 47 S selecting packages 49 SMP motherboards GRUB 42 65 LILO 42 65 starting installation 16 21 startup nsh 57 steps disk space 4 hardware compatibility 3 installing with CD ROM 4 swap file upgrade 59 swap parition recommended partitioning 34 SYSLINUX 41 65 System Commander 41 65 System Partition 2 system requirements table 11 T tables reference 11 system requirem...

Страница 117: ...installation 72 completing partitions 73 73 partition tables 72 Python errors 73 using remaining hard drive space 72 U uninstalling 67 upgrade 59 adding a swap file 59 boot loader configuration 60 boot loader configuration creating new 61 description of 59 starting 59 USB diskette drive booting the installation program 6 user interface graphical installation program 13 user interface text mode ins...

Страница 118: ......

Страница 119: ...ise Linux Introduction to Sys tem Administration Primary Writer Maintainer of the Release Notes Contributing Writer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide for x86 Itanium AMD64 and Intel Extended Memory 64 Technology Intel EM64T Johnray Fuller Primary Writer Maintainer of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Reference Guide Co writer Co maintainer of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Security Guide...

Страница 120: ...108 ...

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