18
18
Safety Guidelines
• National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (Administración de la
seguridad y salud laborales)
• Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
• National Telecommunications and
Information Administration
The National Institutes of Health
participates in some interagency working
group activities, as well.
The FDA shares regulatory responsibilities
for wireless phones with the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC). All
phones that are sold in the United States
must comply with FCC safety guidelines
that limit RF exposure. The FCC relies on
the FDA and other health agencies for
safety questions about wireless phones.
The FCC also regulates the base stations
that the wireless phone networks rely
upon. While these base stations operate
at higher power than do the wireless
phones themselves, the RF exposures that
people get from these base stations are
typically thousands of times lower than
those they can get from wireless phones.
Base stations are thus not the subject
of the safety questions discussed in this
document.
3. What kinds of phones are the subject
of this update?
The term ‘wireless phone’ refers here
to handheld wireless phones with builtin
antennas, often called ‘cell’, ‘mobile’, or
‘PCS’ phones. These types of wireless
phones can expose the user to measurable
radiofrequency energy (RF) because of
the short distance between the phone and
the user’s head. These RF exposures are
limited by FCC safety guidelines that were
developed with the advice of the FDA and
other federal health and safety agencies.
When the phone is located at greater
distances from the user, the exposure to
RF is drastically lower because a person’s
RF exposure decreases rapidly
with increasing distance from the source.
The so-called ‘ cordless phones,’ which
have a base unit connected to the
telephone wiring in a house, typically
operate at far lower power levels, and thus
produce RF exposures far below the FCC
safety limits.
4. What are the results of the research
done already?
The research done thus far has produced
conflicting results, and many studies
have suffered from flaws in their
research methods. Animal experiments
investigating the effects of radiofrequency
energy (RF) exposures characteristic of
wireless phones have yielded conflicting
results that often cannot be repeated in
other laboratories. A few animal studies,
however, have suggested that low levels
of RF could accelerate the development
of cancer in laboratory animals. However,
many of the studies that showed increased
tumor development used animals that had
been genetically engineered or treated
with cancer causing chemicals so as to
be predisposed to develop cancer in the
absence of RF exposure. Other studies
exposed the animals to RF for up to 22
hours per day. These conditions are not
similar to the conditions under which
people use wireless phones, so we don’t
know with certainty what the results of
such studies mean for human health.
Three large epidemiology studies have
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