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XX102-00-00 Rev 203 KOL-RAID3 RAID Storage Systemd

Appendix B: Technology Background

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53

RAID 50: Striping of Distributed Parity Arrays

RAID 50 combines both RAID 5 and RAID 0 features. Data is striped across disks as in RAID 0, and it uses distributed
parity as in RAID 5. RAID 50 provides data reliability, good overall performance and supports larger volume sizes. RAID
50 also provides high reliability because data is still available even if two physical disk drives fail (one in each array). RAID
50 requires a minimum of six disk drives.

5b

5c

a parity

3a

3c

b parity

1a

1b

c parity

6b

6c

a parity

4a

4c

b parity

2a

2b

c parity

Disk Drives

Distributed Parity

Data

Stripe

Figure 21. RAID 50 Striping of Distributed Parity Arrays

JBOD: Single Drive

An alternative to RAID, Just a Bunch of Disks (JBOD) capacity is equal to the sum of all drives in the group,
even if the drives are of different sizes. JBOD appears in the User Interface as one or more individual drives.
There are no performance or fault tolerance features. When a disk fails, all data on the disk is lost. Other
disks are unaffected.

Disk Drive

1

2

3

4

Figure 22. JBOD manages drives Individually, unlike RAID

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Содержание KOL-RAID3 Series

Страница 1: ...right 2003 Vicon Industries Inc All rights reserved Product specifications subject to change without notice ViconNet and its logo are trademarks of Vicon Industries Inc Kollector Elite and its logo are trademarks of Vicon Industries Inc Vicon and its logo are registered trademarks of Vicon Industries Inc Ultratrak is a trademark of Promise Technology Inc Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corp VI...

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Страница 5: ...s 9 Connecting the Null Modem Cable 11 Connecting the SCSI Cables 11 SCSI Cable Connection and Termination 11 Daisy Chaining Multiple Arrays 12 Daisy Chaining with Other SCSI Devices 13 CONFIGURATION 14 Connect Power Cable and Switch Power On 14 Main Power Switch 14 Enter or Change the Password 15 Enter Password 15 Change Password 15 Reset to Default Password 15 Assign a SCSI ID 16 Configure the U...

Страница 6: ...ive Module 26 Drive Replacement 27 Replacing a Power Supply Module 8 Drive Units only 28 FRONT PANEL INTERFACE 29 The LCD Messages 30 Idle Mode 30 Initial Mode Menu 31 Configuration Menu 32 View Status Menu 33 View Controller Information 34 View Cache Stats 34 View Array Information 34 View Enclosure 35 Configure Array 36 Auto Array Setup Function 36 View Drive Assignments 37 Define Array 38 Strip...

Страница 7: ...es 49 System Requirements 49 Operating System Support 49 Advanced Utilities 49 Physical Environmental 49 APPENDIX B TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND 50 Introduction to RAID 50 RAID 0 Striping 50 RAID 1 Mirroring 50 RAID 0 1 Striping Mirroring 51 RAID 3 Block Striping with Parity Drive 51 RAID 5 Block and Parity Striping 52 RAID 30 Striping of Dedicated Parity Arrays 52 RAID 50 Striping of Distributed Parity ...

Страница 8: ... 203 KOL RAID3 RAID Storage Systemd Remove the Controller Board 56 Install the Controller Board 56 APPENDIX F CONFIGURATION CONSOLE SOFTWARE 57 Password 57 Listing Functions 57 Event List 58 Tasking Functions 59 Disconnecting 59 ...

Страница 9: ...re beginning any installation How to Use this Manual This manual was designed to provide the best overall instructions for the installation and operation of the Kollector Elite RAID Storage System The graphics and terminology used in this manual have been carefully selected to enable a clear and distinct understanding of the Storage System and its configuration This manual has been formatted to pr...

Страница 10: ...up to 64 commands Maximum performance in Multi Threaded Operating Systems Front panel LCD and LED indicators Easy setup and quick response to problems ensuring maximum up time and manageability Hot swap feature Allows a defective drive to be replaced without interrupting data accessibility to the host system Hot spare drive Maintains full fault tolerant integrity by automatically rebuilding the da...

Страница 11: ...s Null Modem Cable SCSI Terminator included when there is no internal SCSI termination CD with PAM Utility and User Manual User Manual 4 Rubber Feet some models only Caution Packing foam was placed inside the front panel door to prevent damage during shipping Remove this packing foam and retain it for future use Note The Promise Array Management PAM utility provides monitoring and maintenance of y...

Страница 12: ...ell The Storage System installs on a customer supplied standard 19 inch wide rack mount tray Assemble the Mounting Brackets on each side of the unit and set the unit onto an already installed rack mount tray and then secure it to the rack with four screws Assemble the Mounting Bracket and Handle before installing the unit into a rack see Figure 1 Figure 1 Mounting Bracket Assembly only one of two ...

Страница 13: ...owing 11 Open the Front Panel Door on the unit 12 Unlock the Drive Carrier Latching Mechanism and remove an unused Drive Carrier on the unit Begin at the top and work down see Figure 3 13 Attach the Drive Carrier power cable to the hard drive see Figure 13 14 Attach the Drive Carrier ATA data cable to the hard drive see Figure 13 15 Lower the hard drive into the Drive Carrier so that the screw hol...

Страница 14: ...ive Carrier Latching Mechanism Hinges out toward Front Panel Door Drive Carrier Assembly Pulled part way out Figure 3 Unit Disk Drive Access Note The Drive Carrier Latching Mechanism must be locked or the disk drive will not power up Figure 4 Unit Drive Carrier Insert the carrier into the chassis this way ...

Страница 15: ... SCSI Input Connector If the Storage System has internal SCSI termination no external terminator was included it will terminate itself automatically If the Storage System does not have internal SCSI termination an external terminator was included attach the external terminator to the SCSI Output Connector If the array is to be placed in the middle of a daisy chained configuration attach the incomi...

Страница 16: ...ly to attach the array to the SCSI chain Attach each cable to the individual units to be connected on the SCSI bus Ensure that each device has a unique SCSI ID and that only the first and last devices are terminated If the last unit in the chain has internal SCSI termination no external terminator was included it will terminate itself automatically If the last unit in the chain does not have inter...

Страница 17: ...t to that unit Ensure that each device has a unique SCSI ID and that only the first and last devices are terminated If the last device in the chain has internal SCSI termination it will terminate itself automatically Check the device s user documentation to learn how it terminates the SCSI chain If the last device in the chain does not have internal SCSI termination attach an external terminator t...

Страница 18: ...each power supply is set to your local voltage See Figure 8 Warning To prevent serious damage to the unit be sure that the voltage select switch on the back of the power supply is set to your local voltage Figure 9 Voltage Switches on Various Models Main Power Switch The power switch is located on the back of cabinet right Switch the unit power on by pressing the portion of this switch marked I Sw...

Страница 19: ...The button increments the digit upward as 0 1 2 3 Press the SEL button to proceed to the next digit or to submit the password if you have just entered the last digit You are given access to the Configuration menu if you entered the password correctly Change Password You may change the password by doing the following procedure 19 From the Idle mode display use the button to select Change Password 2...

Страница 20: ...th procedures are provided but you can only use one of them You may want the unit to create the array for you if you do not have a good technical understanding of various RAID technologies How to Automatically Create an Array 31 Ensure that the unit power is off 32 Install the disk drives into the unit and lock the Drive Carrier lever 33 Switch the power on and wait for the unit to initialize 34 P...

Страница 21: ...ou know the size of the cache buffer in your hard drives or the average data block size of the data you retrieve See Choosing Stripe Block Size on page 18 for more information 55 Press button to choose the Gigabyte Boundary feature Press SEL to toggle between Gigabyte Boundary ON and Gigabyte Boundary OFF The size of the array is always restricted by the size of the lowest capacity disk drive Giga...

Страница 22: ... the original array is created When enabled the Gigabyte Boundary feature rounds the drive capacity of all drives to the common whole GB drive size For example with the Gigabyte Boundary feature enabled the remaining working drives can be 20 5GB and the replacement drive can be 20 3 since all are rounded down to 20GB This permits the smaller drive to be used Please note that users will lose a smal...

Страница 23: ...e failure of just one drive will result in all data in an array being lost Should not be used in mission critical environments Recommended Applications for RAID 0 Image Editing Pre Press Applications Any application requiring high bandwidth RAID 1 Advantages Disadvantages Simplest RAID storage subsystem design Can increase read performance by processing data requests in parallel since the same dat...

Страница 24: ...ver RAID 30 Advantages Disadvantages High Read data transfer rate High reliability Supports large volume sizes Higher disk overhead than RAID 3 Recommended Applications for RAID 30 Image Editing Video streaming Any application requiring high availability and high speed RAID 50 Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages High Read data transaction rate Medium Write data transaction rate Good aggregate...

Страница 25: ...d wait about one minute for the UltraTrak to initialize When the new disk drive is already installed in the UltraTrak cabinet follow these steps to add the drive to an existing array 65 Press the SEL button on the front panel 66 Press button once to select Configuration then press SEL 67 Enter the password at the prompt see Enter Password on page 15 68 At Configure Array press SEL 69 Press button ...

Страница 26: ...D 50 Retains the same capacity but stripes parity all drives RAID 5 Some reduction in performance lower disk overhead RAID 3 Some reduction in performance lower disk overhead RAID 0 1 Full redundancy instead of parity 8 drives required RAID 30 RAID 0 Increases capacity and performance but loses data redundancy RAID 50 RAID 30 Increases performance 6 or 8 drives required RAID 3 Retains the same cap...

Страница 27: ... add a disk drive as part of the conversion process You cannot reduce the number of disk drives in your array even if the Target array requires fewer disk drives than the Source array Note RAID 1 mirroring works with two drives only Only a single drive RAID 0 or single drive JBOD array can be converted to RAID 1 Other RAID Levels use too many drives You may need to add one or more drives to the ar...

Страница 28: ... of the failed drive and the RAID system immediately begins to rebuild data on the drive When the rebuild is complete the array is returned to fault tolerant status Once the failed drive is replaced the new drive is automatically recognized as a hot spare in the event of a subsequent drive fault Partition and Format the Array Like any other type of fixed disk media in your system a RAID array must...

Страница 29: ...ve Status Indicators Meaning of Status Indicators Indicator Color Meaning Power Off No disk drive power power off or no disk installed Green Disk power on Status Green Normal Amber Data is being rebuilt to this drive Red Failed Disk Off No drive installed or the drive has failed Green This will blink on and off to indicate disk activity Note See Chapter 4 for a discussion of the Front Panel Interf...

Страница 30: ...en a disk drive fails or goes offline Continuously produces short beeps every two seconds when a drive fails Continuously produces long beeps every 15 seconds when a drive is offline The Status LED on the front panel is yellow The disk drive Status LED inside front panel door is red The LCD displays a status message about the failure A fault tolerant array goes offline when two disk drives fail or...

Страница 31: ...t the Drive Carrier 83 Unplug the power cable and the ATA data cable from the old hard drive 84 Remove the four screws that secure the hard drive to the Drive Carrier and remove the old hard drive from the Drive Carrier 85 Prepare to install the new hard drive by ensuring that the jumpers on the new hard drive are set for single or master operation Consult the drive manual for the proper settings ...

Страница 32: ...pply may be removed and replaced with an identical power supply while the array remains in operation To protect the electronic circuits special sensing circuitry is incorporated into the design of the disk array that detects the insertion or removal of a power supply Only trained and qualified personnel should remove the power supplies from the units 1 Switch the failed power supply OFF 2 Remove t...

Страница 33: ...oo hot SCSI Bus Activity Indicator blinks to indicate activity on the SCSI bus Liquid Crystal Display Message Display Panel This is a 24 character by 2 row LCD that displays various setup status and error messages Control Buttons Pressing this button scrolls any available messages up through the LCD and activates a message for the Select button Pressing this button scrolls any available messages d...

Страница 34: ...play one of the following status messages Array Functional The array is fully operational and no problems are present Array Critical The array is operational but has lost its fault tolerance For RAID array levels 1 0 1 3 5 30 and 50 the array contains a failed drive The user should identify and replace the failed drive Array Offline The array is no longer operational The array must be rebuilt from...

Страница 35: ...ode menu View Status Configuration Change Password Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Selects one of the following active functions View Status Moves the display to the View Status menu Configuration Moves the display to the Please Enter Password menu and then to the Configure Array menu Change Password Moves the display to the Change Password menu Press Moves the ac...

Страница 36: ... status of the system and configure both hardware and arrays The main configuration menu allows the user to select the following menus Configure Array Configure Cache Configure SCSI Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Selects one of the following active functions Configure Array Moves the display to the Configure Array menu Configure Cache Moves the display to the Con...

Страница 37: ...w with the following menu View Controller Info View Cache Stats View Array Information View Enclosure Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Selects one of the following active functions View Controller Info Moves the display to the View Controller Info menu View Cache Stats Moves the display to the View Cache Stats menu View Array Information Moves the display to the Vi...

Страница 38: ...se items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Does nothing Press Moves the active message line up Press Moves the ac tive message line down Press EXIT Returns to the Configuration mode View Array Information The View Array Information mode displays the array ID array size RAID level and array status Functional Critical Offline Rebuilding and Synchronizing If these modes of display require more tha...

Страница 39: ...Configuration mode Configure Array Provides a list of installed disk drives View Drive Assignments Provides a list of assigned arrays Delete Array RAID Level Stripe Block Size Gigabyte Boundary Add Remove Drives Initialization Set SCSI ID Save Changes Define Array Source Array ID Add New Drives Save Changes Expand Array Source Array ID Target RAID Level Add New Drives Save Changes RAID Conversion ...

Страница 40: ...he Define Array menu Delete Array Moves the display to the Delete Array menu Expand Array Moves the display to the Expand Array menu RAID Conversion Moves the display to the RAID Conversion menu Advanced Feature Moves the display to the Advanced Feature menu Press Moves the active message line up Press Moves the active message line down Press EXIT Returns to the Configuration mode Auto Array Setup...

Страница 41: ...Disk What you can do Press SEL Pressing SEL will save the array Press Does nothing Press Does nothing Press EXIT Press EXIT to cancel this function and return to the Configure Array menu View Drive Assignments The View Drive Assignments mode lists each installed drive by model and identifies its array ID or that it is free if it is not assigned to an array Each drive is displayed on one line 1 MAX...

Страница 42: ...ives Initialization ON Save Changes Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Selects one of the following active functions RAID Level Moves the display to the RAID Level menu Stripe Block Size Moves the display to the Stripe Block Size menu Gigabyte Boundary ON Toggles between ON and OFF Add Remove Drives Moves the display to the Add Remove Drives menu Initialization ON To...

Страница 43: ...ll create the array Press Does nothing Press Does nothing Press EXIT Press EXIT to cancel this function and return to the Configure Array menu Add Remove Drives The Add Remove Drives menu assigns and removes drives from arrays All free drives are displayed as one drive per line format The SEL key toggles the drive between free and assigned Assigned drives are designated by the word Assigned and fr...

Страница 44: ...elects one of the following active functions Source Array ID Moves the display to the Source Array ID menu Add New Drives Moves the display to the Add New Drives menu Save Changes Moves the display to the Save Changes menu Press Moves the active message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the Configure Array menu RAID Conve...

Страница 45: ...drives you wish to add 5 VENDOR U Free Only free drives are Displayed 6 MAXTOR Free 7 IBM Free 8 IBM Free Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Pressing SEL will choose the active drive Press Moves the active message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the previous menu Target RAID Level The Targ...

Страница 46: ...between Abort and Skip Press Moves the active message line up Active is marked by Press Moves the active message line down Active is marked by Press EXIT Returns to the Configure Array menu Wipe Out Disk The Wipe Out Disk menu allows the user to delete the area on the hard drive that contains array information used exclusively by the unit controller It may be necessary to wipe out a disk if the di...

Страница 47: ...ce to rebuilding synchronizing data in the background A High setting assigns most of the unit s resources to the rebuild process at the expense of responding to ongoing read write data requests by the operating system A Low setting gives priority to read write data requests by the operating system at the expense of the rebuild synchronization process and will typically result in longer rebuild syn...

Страница 48: ...ild an array when it encounters a media error a bad sector on one of the disk drives This event will cause the array to go offline When Abort is selected the Controller will stop a rebuild operation if it encounters a bad sector You must replace the disk drive with the bad sector to restore array function When Skip is selected the Controller will continue rebuilding and work around the bad sector ...

Страница 49: ...r than to disk Data normally written to disk is first written into the unit s cache allowing the system CPU to continue with other tasks while the unit handles writing data from its cache to the array However write back cache data is lost if power fails before the data has been saved to disk Setting the Write Cache to Write Thru forces it to immediately save all writes to the drive Configure SCSI ...

Страница 50: ... first array being LUN 0 the second array being LUN1 etc Enable Multiple LUN support in your SCSI adapter if you choose LUN mode In most cases it is preferable to use ID mode SCSI ID Select a SCSI ID between 0 and 15 0 1 Selected 2 15 Press or to move these items on the LCD What you can do Press SEL Selects one of the following active functions from a list of numbers between 1 and 15 Selects the S...

Страница 51: ...hipping Instructions Use the following procedure when returning a unit to the factory 1 Call or write Vicon for a Return Authorization R A at one of the locations listed below Record the name of the Vicon employee who issued the R A Vicon Industries Inc 89 Arkay Drive Hauppauge NY 11788 Phone 631 952 CCTV 2288 Toll Free 1 800 645 9116 Fax 516 951 CCTV 2288 For service or returns from countries in ...

Страница 52: ...d on data writes Identical hard drives are recommended Supports Logical Block Addressing Large LBA support for drives above 137GB Drive fault detection Supports hot swap of failed drives Supports hot spares 3 Offers transparent data recovery and rebuilds drive in background BIOS Driver support for rounding actual drive capacities to nearest gigabyte 4 Data handling optimizations include tagged com...

Страница 53: ...s NT 2000 XP Redhat Linux SuSE Linux OpenLinux TurboLinux Netware 4 2 5 0 MacOS 9 X Advanced Utilities Auto configuration and optimization View Create Delete Expand array Rebuilds data on replacement disks Physical Environmental Size Height Width Depth SX4000 12 5 in 320 mm 7 0 in 180 mm 12 9 in 330 mm SX8000 18 5 in 470 mm 7 8 in 200 mm 12 9 in 330 mm RM8000 3RU 5 1 in 130 mm 17 5 in 445 mm 20 4 ...

Страница 54: ...mended for performance as well as data storage efficiency The disk array s data capacity is equal to the number of drive members multiplied by the smallest array member s capacity For example one 100GB and three 120GB drives will form a 400GB 4 x 100GB disk array instead of 460 GB The stripe block size value can be set logically from 4KB 8KB 16KB 32KB and 64KB This selection will directly affect p...

Страница 55: ...rror Data Stripe Figure 17 RAID 0 1 Striping and Mirroring of Two Drive Pairs RAID 3 Block Striping with Parity Drive RAID level 3 organizes data across the physical drives of the array and stores parity information on to a drive dedicated to this purpose This organization allows increased performance by accessing multiple drives simultaneously for each operation as well as fault tolerance by prov...

Страница 56: ... 1b 1c d parity Disk Drives Distributed Parity Data Blocks Figure 19 RAID 5 Stripes all Drives with Data and Parity Information RAID 30 Striping of Dedicated Parity Arrays RAID 30 combines both RAID 3 and RAID 0 features Data is striped across disks as in RAID 0 and it uses dedicated parity as in RAID 3 RAID 30 provides high fault tolerance and supports larger volume sizes RAID 30 also provides hi...

Страница 57: ...ach array RAID 50 requires a minimum of six disk drives 5b 5c a parity 3a 3c b parity 1a 1b c parity 6b 6c a parity 4a 4c b parity 2a 2b c parity Disk Drives Distributed Parity Data Stripe Figure 21 RAID 50 Striping of Distributed Parity Arrays JBOD Single Drive An alternative to RAID Just a Bunch of Disks JBOD capacity is equal to the sum of all drives in the group even if the drives are of diffe...

Страница 58: ...rive striped RAID 0 Multiple drives striped will not work Q How can I be sure that write back cache has flushed before I reboot after partitioning and formatting an array A A cache flush is always triggered immediately following any write from the int 13h BIOS This level of array support is what FDISK and FORMAT use to access the drive from MSDOS With no delay in the write operation there is no ca...

Страница 59: ...es such as txbxx bin and ultra exe where xx is the firmware version number 6 At the DOS prompt type ultra and press Enter 7 At the Which COM Port is connected to UltraTrak prompt type COMx and press Enter where x is either a 1 or a 2 depending upon which COM port you are connected to 8 Follow the instruction presented on the monitor and power on the unit b The following menushould display 1 Upload...

Страница 60: ...ove the Controller Board Use the following instructions to remove the controller board 1 Unplug both controller board cables 2 With your fingers on the Slide Grip slide the board toward the front of the cabinet 3 Remove the seven mounting screws from the controller board 4 Lift the board from the cabinet Install the Controller Board Use the following instruction to install a controller board 1 Sli...

Страница 61: ...w until you type a command Password Most commands require you to enter your password when you first make your connection The default password is 0000 four zeros To input your password 10 Type the letters pw 11 Press the spacebar once 12 Type your password and press Enter If your password was correct the unit responds with Correct Password You may then use any of the functions To see a list of func...

Страница 62: ...gun on Drive d of Array d Automatic rebuild begun by Engine on Drive d or Array d Array d Rebuild Completed on Disk d Synchronization begun for Array d Synchronization halted by user on Array d at d percent completed Retry drive access in Array d Drive d Create a new array d Delete array d Array d was set down Array d has entered degraded mode Rebuild successfully completed for Drive d in Array d ...

Страница 63: ... well over an hour to complete depending on the size of the array In most cases you can perform a second task while waiting for the first Type the command and options then press the Enter key To do this task Type this command Create an array ca Delete an array da Synchronize an array sa Rebuild an array ra Stop rebuilding an array sb Add disks to an existing array ea Stop disk adding process sc En...

Страница 64: ...rters Brunel Way Fareham PO15 5TX United Kingdom 44 0 1489 566300 Fax 44 0 1489 566322 Brussels Office Planet II Unit E Leuvensesteenweg 542 B 1930 Zaventem Belgium 32 2 712 8780 Fax 32 2 712 8781 Far East Office Unit 5 17 F Metropole Square 2 On Yiu Street Shatin New Territories Hong Kong 852 2145 7118 Fax 852 2145 7117 Internet Address www vicon cctv com ...

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