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FPM-8200

A P P E N D I X



Wavelength to Frequency Conversion

By convention, wavelength is defined as if the light were traveling in a vacuum.
Light travels about 66% of this speed in a telecom fiber, so the wavelength in the
fiber is approximately 1/3 shorter than the values shown. (f=c/



)

Table A.3

Wavelength to Frequency

THz

185.00

1620.500

190.00

1577.855

195.00

1537.397

185.10

1619.624

190.10

1577.025

195.10

1536.609

185.20

1618.750

190.20

1576.196

195.20

1535.822

185.30

1617.876

190.30

1575.368

195.30

1535.036

185.40

1617.004

190.40

1574.540

195.40

1534.250

185.50

1616.132

190.50

1573.714

195.50

1533.465

185.60

1615.261

190.60

1572.888

195.60

1532.681

185.70

1614.391

190.70

1572.063

195.70

1531.898

185.80

1613.522

190.80

1571.239

195.80

1531.116

185.90

1612.654

190.90

1570.416

195.90

1530.334

186.00

1611.787

191.00

1569.594

196.00

1529.553

186.10

1610.921

191.10

1568.773

196.10

1528.773

186.20

1610.056

191.20

1567.952

196.20

1527.994

186.30

1609.192

191.30

1567.133

196.30

1527.216

186.40

1608.329

191.40

1566.314

196.40

1526.438

186.50

1607.466

191.50

1565.496

196.50

1525.661

186.60

1606.605

191.60

1564.679

196.60

1524.885

186.70

1605.744

191.70

1563.863

196.70

1524.110

186.80

1604.885

191.80

1563.047

196.80

1523.336

186.90

1604.026

191.90

1562.233

196.90

1522.562

187.00

1603.168

192.00

1561.419

197.00

1521.789

187.10

1602.311

192.10

1560.606

197.10

1521.017

187.20

1601.455

192.20

1559.794

197.20

1520.246

187.30

1600.600

192.30

1558.983

197.30

1519.475

187.40

1599.746

192.40

1558.173

197.40

1518.705

187.50

1598.893

192.50

1557.363

197.50

1517.936

187.60

1598.041

192.60

1556.555

197.60

1517.168

187.70

1597.189

192.70

1555.747

197.70

1516.401

187.80

1596.339

192.80

1554.940

197.80

1515.634

187.90

1595.489

192.90

1554.134

197.90

1514.868

188.00

1594.641

193.00

1553.329

198.00

1514.103

188.10

1593.793

193.10

1552.524

198.10

1513.339

188.20

1592.946

193.20

1551.721

198.20

1512.575

188.30

1592.100

193.30

1550.918

198.30

1511.813

188.40

1591.255

193.40

1550.116

198.40

1511.051

188.50

1590.411

193.50

1549.315

198.50

1510.289

188.60

1589.568

193.60

1548.515

198.60

1509.529

188.70

1588.725

193.70

1547.715

198.70

1508.769

188.80

1587.884

193.80

1546.917

198.80

1508.010

188.90

1587.043

193.90

1546.119

198.90

1507.252

189.00

1586.203

194.00

1545.322

199.00

1506.495

189.10

1585.365

194.10

1544.526

199.10

1505.738

189.20

1584.527

194.20

1543.730

199.20

1504.982

189.30

1583.690

194.30

1542.936

199.30

1504.227

189.40

1582.854

194.40

1542.142

199.40

1503.473

189.50

1582.018

194.50

1541.349

199.50

1502.719

189.60

1581.184

194.60

1540.557

199.60

1501.966

189.70

1580.350

194.70

1539.766

199.70

1501.214

189.80

1579.518

194.80

1538.976

199.80

1500.463

189.90

1578.686

194.90

1538.186

199.90

1499.712

THz=terahertz=10

nm=nanometer=10

−9

c=299,792,458 meters/sec

Содержание FPM-8200

Страница 1: ...Power Meter FPM 8200 ILX Lightwave Corporation P O Box 6310 Bozeman MT U S A 59771 U S Canada 1 800 459 9459 International Inquiries 406 556 2481 Fax 406 586 9405 ilx custhelp com www ilxlightwave co...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...ols x Safety Marking Symbols x Warranty xi Limitations xi Returning an Instrument xi Claims for Shipping Damage xi Comments Suggestions and Problems xii In the United States xii In Europe xii In Japan...

Страница 4: ...13 Chassis Ground 14 Analog Output BNC 14 Gain Range Boundaries 14 Determining Range 15 Relating Optical Power to Analog Voltage 16 Operating Guidelines 17 Warm up and Environmental Considerations 17...

Страница 5: ...air 35 Command Timing 36 Sequential Overlapped Commands 36 Query Response Timing 36 Input Output Buffer 36 Interface Messages 37 Interface Function Subsets 37 Recovering From a Bus Hung Condition 37 R...

Страница 6: ...iv FPM 8200 Line Voltage Setting 70 Error Messages 71 Error Code Tables 71 Appendix A Conversion Tables Decibel to Percentage Conversion 76 dBm to Watts Conversion 77 Wavelength to Frequency Conversio...

Страница 7: ...re 2 4 FPM 8200 Back Panel 13 Figure 3 1 GPIB Cable Connections 23 Figure 3 2 GPIB Connector Diagram 24 Figure 3 3 Command Tree Structure 29 Figure 3 4 Enable Registers 31 Figure 3 5 Standard Event St...

Страница 8: ...L I S T O F FIG U R E S vi FPM 8200...

Страница 9: ...30 Table 4 1 Syntax Error Examples 41 Table 4 2 GPIB Summary Reference Command List 41 Table 5 1 Internal Errors 71 Table 5 2 Parser Errors 71 Table 5 3 Execution Control Errors 72 Table 5 4 GPIB Erro...

Страница 10: ...L I S T O F TA B L E S viii FPM 8200...

Страница 11: ...tentially dangerous situation which can result in serious injury or death WARNING Visible and or invisible laser radiation Avoid direct exposure to the beam General Safety Considerations If any of the...

Страница 12: ...emperature range of 0 o C to 40 o C Storage and transportation temperature of 40 o C to 70 o C Maximum altitude 3000 m 9843 ft This equipment is suitable for continuous operation Safety Marking Symbol...

Страница 13: ...ent serial number from the rear panel of the instrument 3 Attach the anti static protective caps that were shipped with the instrument and place the instrument in a protective anti static bag 4 Place...

Страница 14: ...Japan Optical Test and Calibration Ltd Listerhills Science Park Bradford BD7 1HR United Kingdom Phone 44 1274 393857 Fax 44 1274 393336 Online www otc co uk Email sales otc co uk Kyosai Technos 424 S...

Страница 15: ...responsible for any shipping damage when returning the instrument to ILX Lightwave ILX recommends you insure the shipment If the original shipping container is not available place your instrument in a...

Страница 16: ...WA R R A N T Y xiv FPM 8200...

Страница 17: ...00 to 1600 nm The 8200 features 75 dB of dynamic range and NIST traceable calibration Maximum instrument flexibility is achieved with digital averaging Save and Recall functions and a unique LED bar g...

Страница 18: ...lock into position Rack Mounting The FPM 8200 conforms to international standards for a 2U height 1 2 width rack mounting The available rack mount accessory kits contain detailed mounting instructions...

Страница 19: ...on GPIB mode in LOCAL via front panel or in REMOTE via GPIB MODE W Watts displays show measured power and set wavelength Wavelength 1300 nm Measurement FILTER is set to MEDIUM RANGE is in MANUAL lowes...

Страница 20: ...limits if measured in auto range mode Measured at 23 2 C 0 015 dB 2 pW Power display Type Resolution 80 to 5 dBm 5 digit 7 segment LED log or linear mode 0 001 unit log or linear Wavelength display i...

Страница 21: ...the labeled areas on the front panel GPIB MODE PARAMETER SETUP or INPUT and the display and adjustment sections of the front panel are described below Figure 2 1 FPM 8200 Front Panel Power ON OFF GPI...

Страница 22: ...mmands such as LLO refer to the IEEE488 1 specification The LOCAL ADR button has two functions In REMOTE mode LED indicator steadily illuminated press LOCAL ADR to return control to the front panel lo...

Страница 23: ...mmends stepping down the range as far as possible for improved resolution In Manual Gain Range Mode eight different ranges may be selected by pressing the UP and DOWN keys The front panel displays W n...

Страница 24: ...urn on the instrument You can save your own setup parameters in any of ten memory locations numbered from 1 10 When you RECALL that number the FPM 8200 reconfigures to the stored setup parameters In a...

Страница 25: ...ectable fixed errors These errors can be from internal effects such as detector dark current as well as from external effects such as ambient light Before any measurement it is good practice to first...

Страница 26: ...FILTER control selects measurement averaging and display update rate Measurement samples are taken every 50 ms The SLOW and MEDIUM indicators momentarily turn off when the display updates Indicator A...

Страница 27: ...ngth display illuminates whenever the user calibration factor is any other value than the factory standard setting of 1 000 The range of USER CAL is 0 500 to 2 500 This means for example with USER CAL...

Страница 28: ...of these boundaries the display in linear mode includes 1 hysteresis To illustrate here is an example of changing from 99 nW to 100 nW 1 1 nW Power watts 100 x 10 9 100 x 10 9 to 1 x 10 6 1 x 10 6 to...

Страница 29: ...cifications on page 2 You are responsible for ensuring the connection meets your local electrical code requirements In most cases ILX Lightwave Customer Service can supply special power cords To avoid...

Страница 30: ...g output is most commonly used for relative power measurements or as a controlling input for automatic fiber alignment systems For such tests the absolute value represented by the analog output voltag...

Страница 31: ...current gain range is 7 the front panel displays 7 Note Depressing and holding only the LOCAL ADR button displays the primary GPIB address For example if the primary GPIB address is 1 the front panel...

Страница 32: ...ated detector response for 1480 nm The factory calibration certificate includes a table of detector response at every 10 nm To convert analog voltage to optical power follow these steps 1 Make sure op...

Страница 33: ...ameters 4a Press and adjust the wavelength by pressing UP or DOWN 4b Press AUTO MAN to select either auto ranging or manual gain range In manual gain mode pressing UP or DOWN steps the gain by a facto...

Страница 34: ...R A T I O N Operating Guidelines 18 FPM 8200 C H A P T E R 2 The best way to measure high power is to use a calibrated attenuator You can then use USER CAL to set a compensating factor into the FPM 82...

Страница 35: ...odetector Factory calibration is a process of recording detector current while varying wavelength The result is a table of detector responses every 10 nanometers in mA per mW When you connect input li...

Страница 36: ...FR O NT PA N E L O P E R A T I O N Operating Guidelines 20 FPM 8200 C H A P T E R 2...

Страница 37: ...is also useful for structuring and collecting data for longer tests such as environmental and component burn in tests The FPM 8200 can be completely and effectively controlled by any controller that m...

Страница 38: ...ch as initializing the bus and addressing or unaddressing devices In addition some individual bus lines are designated for this purpose see Figure 3 1 The end of this chapter includes information on i...

Страница 39: ...l data and messages are reliably transferred NRFD not ready for data indicates whether a device can receive the next byte of data or message NDAC not data accepted indicates whether a receiving device...

Страница 40: ...MOTE indicator is ON When the instrument is in REMOTE mode press LOCAL ADR to return to LOCAL front panel control If the REMOTE indicator is flashing ON OFF the controller has completely disabled the...

Страница 41: ...GPIB Address In LOCAL mode REMOTE indicator OFF press LOCAL ADR to display the GPIB address for about 3 seconds While the GPIB address is displayed you can change it to any of 31 addresses from 00 to...

Страница 42: ...tional optional letters shown in lower case in the command reference Chapter 4 Upper lower case does not matter to the FPM 8200 it is just used in this manual to identify optional letters The optional...

Страница 43: ...END NL END The line length is limited by the 8200 s 256 byte I O buffer The totol allowable is not necessarily 256 characters because output commands in the command line use the same buffer Many compu...

Страница 44: ...following ASCII strings For more information on these definitions refer to the IEEE 488 standard There are no default values for omitted parameters If a command is expecting a parameter and none is en...

Страница 45: ...e different because EVE is a command on the ENAB path and also exists at the root level Each command string queries enabled condition then another register The first command string queries the events...

Страница 46: ...command string if you separate them with a semicolon GPIB uses a flexible representation for numeric parameters integer floating point or engineering scientific notation There are no default values f...

Страница 47: ...ster is summarized into a single bit which has an assigned place in a status byte register The status byte register has a similar summary bit that initiates a service request For each register there i...

Страница 48: ...to all zeros Querying the Standard Event Status Register resets its contents to zeros Bit 0 is key to an interrupt driven control program because it allows you to generate a service request SRQ when c...

Страница 49: ...is register pair is identical to the Condition Status register pair except for bit 11 Event status indicates the FIRST occurrence and does not change except when reset The FPM 8200 starts at power ON...

Страница 50: ...e current state of the FPM 8200 and so may change often Querying the Condition Status Register does NOT change its contents Related commands See Chapter Four for details COND Query the contents of the...

Страница 51: ...8 bit registers with this structure Figure 3 8 Service Request Enable Register 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 AND AND AND AND AND OR Status Byte Register Service Request Enable Register Service Reque...

Страница 52: ...same as waiting for the OPC flag to become true because the no operations pending flag is used to set the OPC flag bit 0 of the Standard Event Status Register Query Response Timing Query responses are...

Страница 53: ...such as untimely interrupts in the controller s operating system software When this happens an instrument can get into a state where it no longer responds to controller commands In some of these situ...

Страница 54: ...The following GPIB remote messages are known to be incompatible with the FPM 8200 Other interface messages which do not appear in this discussion may also be incompatible with the FPM 8200 DCL EOS MS...

Страница 55: ...re and GPIB programming Command Types Common commands and requests are defined by GPIB standards and have consistent meanings for various instruments Common commands start with For example IDN is a GP...

Страница 56: ...ny computers terminate with CR NL END Carriage Return New Line EOI The FPM 8200 ignores CR Carriage Return as white space The FPM 8200 terminates its responses with CR NL END unless you use the TERM c...

Страница 57: ...missing Table 4 2 GPIB Summary Reference Command List Syntax Meaning Function CAL Calibrate Calibrate internal analog to digital A D converter CAL USER nrf value User calibration Set a gain factor CAL...

Страница 58: ...Select linear watts measurement mode OPC Operation complete Set operation complete flag OPC Operation complete Request operation complete status POWer Power Request the value of measured optical power...

Страница 59: ...RM nrf value Set terminator Define the message terminator TERM Terminator Request the message terminator TIME Time Request time since powered ON TIMER Timer Requests time since the last TIMER query TS...

Страница 60: ...urements Value range 0 500 to 2 500 Indicators Front panel USER CAL indicator is ON when the gain factor is any other value than 1 000 Examples CAL USER 5 Results are half their normal value CAL USER...

Страница 61: ...in milliseconds Notes Decimal values are rounded Small delay values may have no effect because of time required for command processing The actual minimum delay depends on the situation for example whe...

Страница 62: ...n status enable register Values Notes Enabled disabled conditions can be read by ENABle COND Changing condition status may be monitored by COND Bit 3 of the status byte register is set if any enabled...

Страница 63: ...information about register structure Examples ENAB COND Response 24576 means that hardware or software error conditions will be summarized and reported in the status byte bit 3 8192 16384 24576 Enabl...

Страница 64: ...r more information about register structure Enable registers normally retain their values through power OFF ON unless the power on status clear flag is set true See PSC Examples ENAB EVE 12 Enables ov...

Страница 65: ...e as 2048 except using hexadecimal numbering See RADix on page 57 Action Requests a list of errors which have occurred since the last ERR request Response ASCII character string list of error numbers...

Страница 66: ...oper ations complete This may be useful for ensuring that an operation is complete before starting a measurement See Chapter 3 for more information about register structure Examples ESE 128 Enables po...

Страница 67: ...he standard event status register Response Notes Response is the sum of the enabled bits This command allows you to determine which type of error has occurred See Chapter Three for more information ab...

Страница 68: ...red since the last EVE inquiry Event Response H804 is the same as 2052 except using hexadecimal numbering See RADix on page 57 Action Selects measurement averaging and display update rate Notes Measur...

Страница 69: ...n stored in the FPM 8200 during manufacture Here is an example of the response Action Stores an ASCII string into FPM 8200 non volatile memory Notes String is 1 to 16 non zero ASCII characters Strings...

Страница 70: ...be used in reporting measurements DB Decibels dB relative to the reference value DBM Logarithmic dBm units W Linear watts units Notes dBm is the log of the ratio of output power relative to one milli...

Страница 71: ...ent mode watts is in effect Action Sets the operation complete bit in the Event Status Register when all pending overlapped com mands have been completed Note See Chapter Three for more information ab...

Страница 72: ...ble Standard Event Status Enable See Chapter Three for more information on register structure Factory default condition disabled In the disabled state the values of the enable registers are saved thro...

Страница 73: ...ype when not specified Rad HEX Hexadecimal numbers Rad BIN Binary numbers Rad OCT Octal numbers Notes All status condition and event requests respond in the selected radix Decimal responses are in nrf...

Страница 74: ...on page 7 There are eight ranges in the FPM 8200 meter Each range increases gain by 10x over the previous range The maximum photodetector current for each range is as follows Setting the gain range pu...

Страница 75: ...a factory set default configuration If you use GPIB to recall setup 0 RCL 0 GPIB mode is set to REMOTE If you recall setup 0 by the front panel GPIB mode is set to LOCAL Same function as RECALL on the...

Страница 76: ...1 mW Ref 18 24 Set reference level to 18 24 dBm 15 W This sequence accomplishes the same as pressing dBm W and dB Mode dBm Power Get most recent power measurement in dBm REF power Using the result po...

Страница 77: ...and Idle State This is the same FPM 8200 state as after OPC no further operations to complete OQIS Operation complete Query Idle State This is the same FPM 8200 state as after OPC no further operation...

Страница 78: ...Notes Response is the sum of the enabled bits See Chapter Three for more information about register structure Example SRE Response 136 means the service request enable register condition summary and...

Страница 79: ...they are provided for flexible compatibility with various GPIB drivers The FPM 8200 default is compatible with IEEE 488 compliant instruments because CR is ignored as white space TERM 3 will often ca...

Страница 80: ...ter data in the form hours minutes seconds Notes Maximum time clock turns over is1193 hours 50 days The TIME clock is independent of the TIMER clock See TIMER below Example Time Response 0 32 01 76 me...

Страница 81: ...o light input The amount of cur rent varies also with wavelength For this reason it is important to give the FPM 8200 correct wavelength information Calibration points are every 10 nm When you give th...

Страница 82: ...st setup be sure to zero the meter again when you are finished It may be more conve nient to do this with the front panel ZERO button These commands will cause error E 532 if they start before ZERO co...

Страница 83: ...e automated test equipment to accurately and efficiently capture and record calibration data An original certificate of calibration authenticity is provided with all instrument calibrations and a deta...

Страница 84: ...ther end of the fiber connected to your source with its output set OFF Turn the fiber holder so the large V groove along the top is facing down or away from room light If the error persists contact IL...

Страница 85: ...15 devices on the bus Check the configuration of your GPIB controller card See Configuring the GPIB Controller on page 24 Check that total GPIB cable length is less than 20 meters Remove all other in...

Страница 86: ...ure Problems using white space IEEE 488 2 specifies that white space characters are ignored but the meter does not always ignore them Exponential Form problems IEEE 488 2 specifies that either an uppe...

Страница 87: ...ata Type Explanation E 101 Program mnemonic Too long E 102 Program message unit Too long E 103 Definite length arbitrary block program data Length too long E 104 Nondecimal numeric program data Type n...

Страница 88: ...ram data Suffix type not valid E 205 Program data Not a Boolean value or word E 206 Program data Will not convert to a signed 16 bit value E 207 Program data Will not convert to an unsigned 16 bit val...

Страница 89: ...00 73 C H A P T E R 5 Table 5 5 Operation Errors Error Code Explanation E 531 Unable to complete zero operation input signal too great E 532 Command operation denied conflicts with zero operation Tabl...

Страница 90: ...TR O U B L E S H OO T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E Error Messages 74 FPM 8200 C H A P T E R 5...

Страница 91: ...SION TABLES Four tables are provided dB to percentage dBm to Watts wavelength to frequency and linewidth conversions to f These last two do not apply to power measurements but you may find them useful...

Страница 92: ...onvenient way to express large ratios For example 20 dB 100 1 and 20 dB 1 For smaller ratios here is a table relating dB and Remember that 0 dB 100 Table A 1 Decibel to Percentage 10 0 dB 1000 0 5 dB...

Страница 93: ...dBm 25 1 W 63 dBm 501 pW 30 dBm 1 00 W 17 dBm 20 0 W 64 dBm 398 pW 29 dBm 794 mW 18 dBm 15 8 W 65 dBm 316 pW 28 dBm 631 mW 19 dBm 12 6 W 66 dBm 251 pW 27 dBm 501 mW 20 dBm 10 0 W 67 dBm 200 pW 26 dBm...

Страница 94: ...187 00 1603 168 192 00 1561 419 197 00 1521 789 187 10 1602 311 192 10 1560 606 197 10 1521 017 187 20 1601 455 192 20 1559 794 197 20 1520 246 187 30 1600 600 192 30 1558 983 197 30 1519 475 187 40 1...

Страница 95: ...0 2 nm 34 9 GHz 0 2 nm 25 0 GHz 0 1 nm 17 5 GHz 0 1 nm 12 5 GHz 90 pm 15 7 GHz 90 pm 11 2 GHz 80 pm 14 0 GHz 80 pm 10 0 GHz 70 pm 12 2 GHz 70 pm 8 73 GHz 60 pm 10 5 GHz 60 pm 7 49 GHz 50 pm 8 73 GHz...

Страница 96: ...80 FPM 8200 A P P E N D I X A...

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