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PSY-201 User Guide

GP-UM-PSY-201-11

Page 27 of 105

Tornado Scrambling

Tornado scrambling generates a continuous bidirectional spiral polarization trace with a

quasi-uniform rate of SOP variation, which is useful in stress testing a device or an algorithm’s
polarization tracking capabilities. The user-set scrambling rate is the number of complete circles

traced out on the sphere per second. While the number of revolutions per second is constant, the
SOP variation rate in rad/s can vary depending on where on the sphere the circle is. The

maximum value of

Δ

SOP occurs when the rotation is around the equator, in which case,

Δ

SOP =

2

π

(# rotations/s).

Rate: 0 to 2000 revolutions/s for Tornado scrambling

Spin axis rotation:

Cir = axis rotation enabled

Fix = axis rotation disabled

Tornado scrambling can be performed by tracing out the spiral with either a fixed or

randomly rotating spin axis, as shown in Figure 18. Select the “Cir” or “Fix” axis rotation option to
enable or disable, respectively, the rotation of the spin axis. The tornado scrambling icon in the
top right of the control screen indicates the axis-rotation status. If the axis is rotating, the tornado

icon is vertical. If the axis is fixed, the tornado icon is horizontal. The default state is axis rotation
enabled. As with other scrambling modes, the icon disappears when scrambling is disabled.

(a)

(b)

Figure 18 10 second SOP capture of tornado scrambling: (a) randomly rotating spin axis at 20
revolutions per second, (b) fixed rotating spin axis at 100 rev/s.

Type: Tornado

Cir

Rate: 0100.00

Rev/s

CTR

L

Tornado scrambling icon
Vertical spiral = rotating axis
Horizontal spiral = fixed axis

Axis rotation selection:
Cir = rotating axis
Fix= fixed axis

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Содержание PSY-201

Страница 1: ...PSY 201 Polarization Synthesizer Analyzer User Guide Version 1 1 Date September 9 2015 ...

Страница 2: ... 201 User Guide GP UM PSY 201 11 Page 2 of 105 General Photonics Corporation is located in Chino California For more information visit the company s website at www generalphotonics com or call 909 590 5473 ...

Страница 3: ...manual carefully Properly ground the chassis and work space using the chassis ground terminal Use only in a safe work environment in terms of temperature humidity electrical power and risk of fire or shock The product is designed for indoor use Avoid exposure to liquids or water condensation Provide adequate ventilation for cooling Operate the product on a stable surface Avoid excess vibration Sta...

Страница 4: ...PSY 201 User Guide GP UM PSY 201 11 Page 4 of 105 ...

Страница 5: ...ol Interfaces 13 Section 3 0 Operation Instructions 15 3 1 Unpacking 15 3 2 Front Panel Operation 15 3 3 Functions 19 Polarization Measurement 19 Polarization Control 20 Track and Buttons 31 Reference 32 Store 33 Setup 34 Local 44 3 4 Troubleshooting 45 Front Panel 45 Remote Control 45 Section 4 0 Specifications 47 Optical 47 Electrical Communication 47 Physical and Environmental 48 System 48 SOP ...

Страница 6: ...setup 69 Appendix 4 0 Ethernet setup 70 Appendix 5 0 GPIB setup and control 72 Setting the GPIB Address 72 GPIB control 72 Appendix 6 0 PolaView data display analysis program 73 Instrument Compatibility 75 System Requirements 75 Software Installation 76 Software Removal 76 Setup 76 Poincaré Sphere Display 76 Oscilloscope Display 78 Option Menu 79 Measurement Menu 92 Control Menu 101 ...

Страница 7: ...zation dependent loss and activation loss Applications include real time polarization measurement and control transceiver polarization testing passive active component characterization interferometry optical remote sensing RF photonics and other polarization sensitive applications Figure 1 PSY 201 polarization synthesizer analyzer 1 1 Principle of Operation A polarization controller can be constru...

Страница 8: ...ause the polarization state to rotate clockwise about an axis OH axis orthogonal to the first one while decreasing the voltage should rotate the polarization counterclockwise In practice because of the presence of other birefringences two parallel fiber squeezers do not always rotate the polarization about the same axis However it has been proven to be possible to generate any polarization state f...

Страница 9: ...SOP patterns on the Poincaré sphere These functions can be used to step periodically through a stored sequence of SOPs or to trace out a great circle of the sphere in either direction about one of 3 rotation axes In polarization scrambler mode the PSY 201 scans the output polarization state evenly over the Poincaré sphere at a user specified rate using a random pattern a triangle wave based algori...

Страница 10: ...lysis system allows the user to simultaneously control and monitor the PSY 201 s output polarization It can also be used to monitor the polarization state in the external system without interrupting data traffic Note Unlike that of a free space optics system the coordinate system is not maintained during propagation through optical fiber Therefore although the relative positions of SOPs generated ...

Страница 11: ...ization control function menu TRACK Enables disables active stabilization of current generated or measured SOP Stops any SOP pattern generation function when enabled Enables disables any active polarization control function For continuous pattern generation triangle or Tornado scrambling or modulation this button acts as a pause resume switch While paused the polarization controller remains in its...

Страница 12: ...egular cleaning However high insertion loss or measurement instability that does not improve after cleaning the external connectors may indicate that the instrument s internal connector ferrules require cleaning Ferrule Cleaning Procedure Each connector ferrule is contained in a universal connector interface consisting of a front piece that connects to the external fiber connector and a base piece...

Страница 13: ...on Control commands USB driver installation instructions and instructions for running control programs are located in the appendices Figure 6 Rear panel Rear Panel Features Expansion DB15 connector analog outputs dREF tracking and scrambling triggers Line External AC input connector 100 240VAC Trigger In BNC for SOP measurement trigger Cooling fan air intake USB 2 0 interface port PolaView only Et...

Страница 14: ... scrambling trigger input GPIO 0 One random SOP generated per rising TTL pulse received 14 SOP scrambling trigger out GPIO 2 In discrete scrambling mode one rising pulse output per SOP generated 15 dREF trigger out GPIO 3 Within threshold TTL low Beyond threshold TTL high Fuse location Figure 8 shows the location of the fuse compartment under the power cord plug There are two fuses in the compartm...

Страница 15: ...ground 2 Connect input and output fibers to the PSY 201 Make sure that the connector types match those of the instrument It is important to clean the fiber connectors using industry standard procedures before connecting them If using a high power laser source turn off optical power source before connector cleaning 3 Turn on light source Make sure light source power is within range 35 to 10 dBm 4 T...

Страница 16: ... corresponding front panel buttons using the PolaView software display where necessary to illustrate their functions on a Poincaré Sphere representation The function layout is shown in Figure 9 which will be referenced throughout this section Figure 9 Measurement control function menu tree s1 s2 s3 DOP Pwr Azm DLP DCP dREF Θ Φ 1 Track SOP Stokes 2 Track SOP Angle 3 Track Basis SOP 4 Trace Circle 6...

Страница 17: ...igure 10 System menu tree SETUP Wavelength 1 Units 2 Trigger 3 Communication 4 DHCP 5 Static IP 6 RS232 7 Integration Time Analog Outputs 8 9 Power dBm mW Angle deg rad GPIB TCP IP EOS Handshake Comm Type Store Setup System Info System Restart Factory Restore 10 Amplitude Voltage π radians In Out ...

Страница 18: ...PSY 201 User Guide GP UM PSY 201 11 Page 18 of 105 ...

Страница 19: ...ticity DLP DCP dREF Θ and Φ The display parameters can be selected by using the arrow keys While in the measurement display the MEAS button can be used to pause resume display updating A icon above the L indicates that measurement is paused In addition to the front panel display measured data can be displayed on a Poincaré sphere or virtual oscilloscope plot using the PolaView software This is use...

Страница 20: ...er setup position Once all 3 values are entered use the Track softkey to automatically normalize the Stokes parameters and tune the output SOP to the desired setting On the OLED a target icon appears in the top right of the screen Once the SOP is set the button can be used to enable disable active stabilization of the output SOP The target icon indicates the enable disable status of the function T...

Страница 21: ...an be easier to visualize Select the desired output polarization state by specifying the angles Θ and Φ on the spherical coordinate system of the Poincaré sphere Ranges Θ 0 to 360 Φ 0 to 180 Use the button to enable disable this function The target icon indicates the enable disable status of the function Target enabled no target disabled Relationship of spherical coordinates to S parameters 360 0 ...

Страница 22: ...he maximum allowed angle deviation from the target SOP before active tracking begins The threshold can be set via the CONFigure TRACK THREshold remote control command only Figure 14 demonstrates the function of the tracking threshold The blue area on the Poincaré sphere includes the SOPs that are within threshold of the target SOP As long as the output SOP remains within this area the PSY 201 does...

Страница 23: ...respectively The trace direction follows the right hand rule counterclockwise rotation when looking into the specified SOP The step size and dwell time at each step can be configured before starting While the tracing is in process the user can pause or exit the function using softkey options While the function is paused the user can continue restart or exit the function using softkey options Use t...

Страница 24: ...s begun the user can pause or exit the function using softkey options The counter displays the storage ID corresponding to the current SOP While the function is paused the user can continue restart or exit the function using softkey options Use the arrow buttons to cycle through softkey options The function can also be enabled disabled using the button The sequence will repeat as long as the funct...

Страница 25: ...sabled Triangle Scrambling Triangle scrambling changes the output polarization state based on a combination of triangle waves of user specified frequency During triangle scrambling the polarization changes continuously at a rate determined by the scrambling rate setting in a pattern that will cover the entire Poincaré sphere This function can be used for such applications as PDL measurement in whi...

Страница 26: ...ns requiring unpolarized light Figure 17 shows a sample SOP variation pattern When discrete scrambling is activated an icon resembling a pair of dice appears on the right hand side of the screen Rate 0 to 20 000 points s for discrete scrambling Figure 17 Discrete scramble 1000 points s after 30 seconds Discrete Scrambling Output Trigger When in discrete scrambling mode the PSY 201 sends a rising T...

Страница 27: ... Fix axis rotation disabled Tornado scrambling can be performed by tracing out the spiral with either a fixed or randomly rotating spin axis as shown in Figure 18 Select the Cir or Fix axis rotation option to enable or disable respectively the rotation of the spin axis The tornado scrambling icon in the top right of the control screen indicates the axis rotation status If the axis is rotating the ...

Страница 28: ...se type rising 0 5V TTL pulse Minimum pulse width 100ns Threshold voltage for TTL high 2V Threshold voltage for TTL low 0 7V Pol Modulation This function allows the user to customize SOP variation patterns by independently modulating each fiber squeezer channel with separate waveforms The waveform type modulation amplitude frequency and DC offset can be set for each channel Channel ch 1 to 4 Wavef...

Страница 29: ... series of states and then the PSY 201 determines and applies the control voltages required to generate the requested state s This direct control mode allows for quick almost continuous tuning of the polarization state and is especially convenient when the output polarization state can be simultaneously monitored using the PolaView display software As mentioned in the introduction changing the vol...

Страница 30: ...is the active one Pressing ENTER confirms the voltage setting for the selected channel and moves to the next channel The controls are as follows moves the cursor position ENTER confirms current channel setting and moves to the next channel V1 000 0 V2 015 0 V3 032 6 V4 100 0 CTR V L Unit indicators V rad or π depending on amplitude unit setting Channel indicators V or Φ depending on amplitude unit...

Страница 31: ...nabled the target indicator appears on the right side of the screen When tracking is disabled the PSY 201 restarts the function it was performing when tracking was enabled Note that if tracking is invoked using the TRACK button it must be disabled using the TRACK button not the button For polarization control functions that maintain a single SOP Track SOP Stokes Track SOP Angle or Track Basis SOP ...

Страница 32: ...F button is pressed while there is no SOP information displayed on screen then the reference menu is shown 1 Show Current Ref displays the current SOP DOP and Power reference values Press the ENTER or REF buttons to return to the reference menu 2 Set to Basis Ref allows the user to set one of the basis polarization states as the reference Use the arrow keys to select the desired state and press th...

Страница 33: ...ts of SOP DOP and Power values The stored data can either be sets of measured data serving as a measurement record or manually entered data allowing the user to input SOP sequences for the sequence trace function When the STORE button is pressed while in polarization measurement mode the display switches to the storage screen with the first unused storage ID displayed Since there is no data stored...

Страница 34: ...eld Set all 3 Stokes parameters using the arrow keys then press ENTER to normalize the Stokes parameters and move to DOP Setup The SETUP button brings up the setup menu for the PSY 201 Wavelength This option sets the operation wavelength by selecting the corresponding calibration matrix for the polarimeter Use the buttons to change the values and press the ENTER button to confirm the setting If th...

Страница 35: ...such as analog output or threshold trigger setup Power Power Unit sets the units used to display optical power to dBm or mW Use the buttons to select the desired unit and the ENTER button to confirm the setting If the setting was changed from the previous setting an OK will appear on the right side of the screen to confirm the change Use the SETUP button to return to the setup menu once for unit s...

Страница 36: ...modulation mode and to the settings for each fiber squeezer in manual control mode Default Amplitude Unit Volts Integration Time Integration time refers to the detector integration time used for each SOP sample The integration time can be set for either automatic or manual control In automatic control the integration time is dynamic with its value determined by the gain which can change with input...

Страница 37: ...nge Analog Outputs The PSY 201 can output up to 4 monitor voltages that can be configured to monitor different parameters The DB15 expansion port on the rear panel is used for the monitor voltages See Figure 7 for the connector pinout To configure the analog outputs use the buttons to move the cursor position and the buttons to change the value of the selected digit or parameter Aout monitor volta...

Страница 38: ... the selection and move the cursor to the next parameter An OK indicator on the right side shows that the field has been updated can be used to move the cursor without updating the field Enable disable status Default Disabled Slope options Rising Falling R F Default Rising The slope option determines whether the measurement is triggered on a rising edge falling edge or both The trigger input uses ...

Страница 39: ...m the selection and move the cursor to the next parameter An OK indicator on the right side of the screen shows that the field has been updated can be used to move the cursor without updating the field Enable disable status Default disabled Threshold Range 0 to 180 from reference SOP on Poincaré sphere Default 0 TTL level low within threshold TTL level high beyond threshold Communication This subm...

Страница 40: ...o Static IP or DHCP Select the preferred mode by using the buttons then press ENTER If DHCP is selected the PSY 201 will be set for dynamic IP addressing and will request an IP address from the server If the request is successful the assigned IP address will be displayed From here the user can use the SETUP or buttons to return to TCP IP setup Each time this menu option is selected the instrument ...

Страница 41: ...s still necessary to go to TCP IP setup and select DHCP after the instrument is powered back on in order to request a dynamic IP address from the server RS 232 RS232 sets the baud rate for the serial port Use the buttons to select the baud rate Press the SETUP button to exit without change or the ENTER button to confirm a change An OK indicator will appear on the right of the screen to confirm tha...

Страница 42: ...change the setting and press ENTER to confirm An OK will appear on the right side of the screen if the setting was changed Options SCPI GP Default SCPI Store Setups The PSY 201 can store system setups for various experiments or users which can then be easily recalled for reuse Note that this is different from the function of the STORE button which is reserved for storing SOP data Recall Setup Reca...

Страница 43: ...System Info System Info displays the serial number firmware version and calibration date of the instrument Press SETUP to return to the setup menu System Restart System Restart restarts the system without power cycling This is useful if a remote connection is in use and power cycling may cause the connection to be lost Use to move the cursor to Yes or No and press ENTER to select Factory Restore F...

Страница 44: ...201 receives a remote control command or is used with the PolaView program it enters remote mode which is indicated by an R on the lower right hand corner of the screen In this mode the front panel buttons are disabled to avoid conflict with remote commands However if the user wishes to access the front panel buttons while still interfaced to a computer the LOCAL button can be used to unlock the f...

Страница 45: ...e Command EOS setting matches the EOS being used The default EOS is CR LF 0D 0A in HEX 3 GP format If the beginning or ending identifiers or of a command are missing the instrument will not respond 4 The instrument will beep to indicate an unrecognized or improperly received command or other error Check the command format before resending Commands are case sensitive for example CONTrol and CONT ar...

Страница 46: ... a new dynamic IP address from the server If this happens while the instrument is already in communication via dynamic IP the communication may be interrupted PolaView 1 Make sure that the PSY 201 Command Type is set to SCPI and the EOS is set to CR LF PolaView will not work with other command settings 2 Connect the PSY 201 to the control computer via USB PolaView does not work with other communic...

Страница 47: ...B Optical power damage threshold 300 mW SOP stability for input power 25 dB DOP 95 0 1 with stable input SOP 0 5 with input SOP variation 2π s 2 with input SOP variation 10π s Electrical Communication Front panel display OLED graphic display Power Supply 100 240VAC 50 60 Hz Trigger In External Measurement TTL pulse BNC connector rising and or falling edge 0 5V user selectable one set of data per t...

Страница 48: ...C Storage Temperature 20 to 60 C System SOP Measurement Control Functions front panel SOP measurement s1 s2 s3 Azimuth Ellipticity Θ Φ dREF DCP DLP DOP power Polarization Control SOP mapping Arbitrary Mapping from any input SOP to any output SOP SOP control Stokes parameters or spherical coordinates Polarization tracking3 Reset free endless Quick key tracks to current SOP or track to a stored or s...

Страница 49: ...e relationship between Amp and Ofs is Amp Ofs Ofs range A to 2Amax A where Amax is the value listed in the amplitude table Notes Unless otherwise noted specifications listed in table apply for standard 1480 1620nm or 1280 1340nm operation at 23 5 C at power levels 25 dBm 1 Optimal sampling rate ranges depend on data collection display mode and setup Some examples Externally triggered measurement S...

Страница 50: ...be set to respond to a particular command format before it can receive commands Use the Comm Type setup submenu in the SETUP menu to select SCPI or GP format before sending commands For SCPI commands multiple commands can be concatenated in one string using semicolons as separators up to a limit of 128 characters per string For GP format commands only one command string can be sent at a time If th...

Страница 51: ...D 0A in HEX Table 1 SCPI Remote Control Command List Command Sequence Parameters Description Example System Information SYSTem ERRor Return error sequence 20 error messages max errors read out in FIFO sequence SYSTem VERSion Query firmware version return value string e g V1 3 20141120 Communication SYSTem COMMunicate TYPE Query communication protocol type Response GP SCPI or 1 0 SYSTem COMMunicate...

Страница 52: ... system settings to factory default Wavelength 1550 or 1310nm Power Unit dBm Angle Unit degrees Amplitude Unit Volts Integration time Auto Analog Maximum Output 5V Triggers Disabled GPIB address 5 RS 232 baud rate 9600 Static IP 192 168 1 150 Command type SCPI Handshake OFF EOS CR LF UNIT POWer dBm mW Set optical power units to dBm or mW Default setting is dBm Examples UNIT POW dBm UNIT POW UNIT A...

Страница 53: ...1 f2 f2 f3 f3 Note f1 f2 f3 0 is not allowed CONFigure REFerence DOP float Set reference value of DOP Range 0 to 100 CONF REF DOP 100 00 CONFigure REFerence POWer float Set reference power value Unit is defined by UNIT POWer setting Default reference power is 0dBm or 1mW Power range 60dBm to 14 909dBm 0 000001mW to 31mW CONFigure GAIN AGC 1 0 Enable disable automatic gain control When disabled the...

Страница 54: ...degree of polarization MEASure DREFerence ANGLe Query the angle in degrees between the reference SOP and the currently measured SOP MEASure DREFerence DOP Returns a float value of the difference between the reference DOP and the currently measured DOP MEASure DREFerence POWer Returns the power difference in dB between the reference and currently measured values Polarization Measurement Data Set ME...

Страница 55: ...e CONT SOP f1 f2 f3 CONTrol ANGLe float1 float2 Set SOP in spherical coordinates and enable tracking Ranges f1 theta 0 to 360 f2 phi 0 to 180 Unit Degrees CONTrol ANGLe ELLipse float1 float2 Set SOP in ellipse angles and enable tracking Ranges f1 azimuth angle 90 to 90 f2 ellipticity angle 45 to 45 Unit Degrees Relation to Stokes parameters S1 cos 2 ELPA cos 2 AZM S2 cos 2 ELPA sin 2 AZM S3 sin 2 ...

Страница 56: ...Note The SOP sequence for this function can be stored using the Memory SOP n command CONTrol SSCan STATe run pause continue restart exit Run pause continue restart exit stored state scan Query responses on pause off MEMory SOP n float1 float2 float3 Store SOP Stokes parameters in memory location n for stored state scan n 0 to 99 Stokes parameters will be auto normalized before being stored s1 floa...

Страница 57: ...RATE float Set discrete scrambling rate Range 0 01 to 20000 Unit points s CONTrol SCRamble DISCrete STATe 1 0 1 Enable discrete scrambling 0 Disable discrete scrambling CONTrol SCRamble TRIangle RATE float Set triangle scrambling rate Range 0 01 to 2000 Unit 2Pi s CONTrol SCRamble TRIangle STATe 1 0 1 Enable triangle scrambling 0 Disable triangle scrambling CONTrol SCRamble TORNado RATE float Set ...

Страница 58: ...e Range 0 255 The Standard Event Status Register query returns the value of the Standard Event Status Register OPC n a n a The Operation Complete command sets bit 0 in the Standard Event Status Register when all pending operations have finished OPC n a 0 or 1 The Operation Complete query returns the ASCII character 1 in the Standard Event Status Register when all pending operations have finished T...

Страница 59: ...rror this is the generic error code used if the device cannot detect more specific errors in device dependent commands 313 Calibration data lost indicates error in loading calibration data 315 Configuration data lost indicates error in loading configuration data 350 Queue overflow an error occurred but was not recorded because the error queue was full 360 Communication error this is the generic co...

Страница 60: ...ssage Polarization Measurement POW Query measured power Units determined by power unit setting Default units dBm POW 6 7 POW UNT Query power unit setting mW or dBm UNT dBm or UNT mW POW UNT MW DBM Set power unit to mW or dBm E00 if successful else Enn error message DOP Query DOP value in Example DOP 98 6 SOP SSS Set SOP query response format to Stokes parameters S1 S2 S3 E00 if successful else Enn...

Страница 61: ... degrees Range 0 00 to 360 00 E00 if successful else Enn error message SOP PHI sff ff Set spherical coordinate Phi Unit degrees Range 0 00 to 180 00 E00 if successful else Enn error message SOP AZM fff ff Set Azimuth angle to fff ff Unit degrees Range 90 to 90 E00 if successful else Enn error message SOP ELP fff ff Set Ellipticity to fff ff Unitless Range 0 to 1 E00 if successful else Enn error me...

Страница 62: ...lse Enn error message RAN ENA ON OFF RAN ENA 1 0 Start or stop discrete scrambling 1 or ON enabled E00 if successful else Enn error message SAW FRQ Query the triangle scrambling frequency Range 0 01 to 2000 Units multiples of 2π s SAW FRQ 300 10 SAW FRQ FFF F Set the triangle scrambling frequency Range 0 01 to 2000 Units multiples of 2π s E00 if successful else Enn error message SAW ENA Query the ...

Страница 63: ...6 Parameter outside the allowed range E07 Character string too long buffer limit E08 Power too high E09 Power too low E11 Error loading stored values E12 Unable to store state E13 Storage location invalid E14 Recall location doesn t exist E16 Not in setup mode E17 Mode setup error E18 Failed self test E50 Stoke values square sum is out of range ...

Страница 64: ...llipticity angle of the polarization ellipse Figure 22 Polarization ellipse labeled with PSY 101 angle definitions For a light beam with propagation direction z out of the paper and polarization ellipse as shown in Figure 22 with semimajor axis a semiminor axis b the azimuth angle θ is defined as the angle between the x axis and the semimajor axis of the ellipse The ellipticity angle φ is defined ...

Страница 65: ...s 90 to 90 rather than 0 to 180 as it was for the PSY 101 In the PSY 201 θ and φ are used to denote spherical coordinates on the Poincaré sphere Figure 24 PSY 201 ellipse angles and spherical coordinates Therefore if we denote the PSY 101 angle definitions as θ1 and φ1 and the PSY 201 angle definitions as θ2 and φ2 then the conversions are For 0 θ1 90 θ2 2AZM AZM θ1 For 90 θ1 180 θ2 2 AZM 180 AZM ...

Страница 66: ...onversions For 0 θ1 90 AZM θ1 For 90 θ1 180 AZM θ1 180 SOP PHI sff ff SOP ELPA fff ff Set polarization ellipse ellipticity angle Range 45 to 45 degrees for both PSY 201 and PSY 101 Other differences in the command lists 1 Manual control In the PSY 201 the user can adjust the control voltages to 4 channels of the polarization controller not 6 Any commands to control channels 5 or 6 need to be remov...

Страница 67: ...se formats for some query commands have changed especially with indicators on Programs may need to be changed accordingly Some examples Query PSY 101 Response Format PSY 201 Response Format SOP S1 0 60 S2 0 60 S3 0 53 or THA thetavalue PHI phivalue SOP 0 60 0 60 0 53 Stokes SOP 87 5 37 9 spherical coordinates SOP 44 2 25 8 ellipse angles SPE SCN SCN nnnnn SPE SCN nnnnn TRA SCN SCN nnnnn TRA SCN nn...

Страница 68: ...32 baud rate SETUP Communication RS232 Make sure it matches the baud rate setting of the control computer 4 Select the command type SETUP Communication Comm Type and for SCPI command EOS 5 Send a command string to the instrument See Appendix 1 for commands Any program that supports RS 232 communication protocols can be used to send ASCII commands to the instrument Many programming languages suppor...

Страница 69: ... the PSY 201 to the computer with a USB cable and power on the PSY 201 The USB driver should install automatically follow instructions on the installation wizard If the driver cannot be found install it manually select browse for location and point it to the Driver folder with include subfolders checked Note The USB driver installed by the PolaView setup file supports the high speed USB used by Po...

Страница 70: ...th the instrument connected to a router In this case a straight linked network cable would be used b Dynamic IP the DHCP server assigns the instrument an available address when requested Connect the instrument with a DHCP server running on router or exchange server as shown in Figure 29 For this configuration a standard straight linked network cable must be used Figure 28 Direct connection PSY 201...

Страница 71: ... dynamic IP mode when it is powered back on it will be in dynamic IP mode However it is still necessary to use the Dynamic IP function in the setup menu to request a new dynamic IP address For static IP control the net mask and gateway for the instrument should be the same as those for the control computer The first 3 groups of numbers in the IP address should be the same as those for the control ...

Страница 72: ...en updated Range 1 30 Default 5 GPIB control Connect the instrument to the computer with a GPIB cable After determining setting the PSY 201 s GPIB address enter the GPIB address in the communication program being used The instrument will then be ready to receive commands The command lists is given in Appendix 1 The command lists responses and error codes are given in Table 1 through Table 5 in App...

Страница 73: ...arameters are related to the electric field by 2 0 2 0 0 y x E E S 2 0 2 0 1 y x E E S δ cos 2 0 0 2 y xE E S δ sin 2 0 0 3 y xE E S where δ is the relative phase between the two orthogonal electric field components They are calculated from measured values by 3 2 1 0 33 32 31 30 23 22 21 20 13 12 11 10 03 02 01 00 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 V V V V m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m V V V V M S S S S where V0 V...

Страница 74: ...OP and the reference SOP ref ref ref s s s s s s dREF 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 cos 180 π where s1 s2 and s3 are the normalized Stokes parameters of the current SOP and s1 ref s2 ref and s3 ref are the normalized Stokes parameters of a reference polarization state specified by the user DLP Degree of linearity 100 0 0 2 2 2 1 DLP S S S DLP DCP Degree of circularity 100 0 0 3 DCP S S DCP Azimuth and ellipticity...

Страница 75: ...for linear and 1 for RHC polarization states Azimuth angle β When π 2 tan 1 x π 2 s1 0 Θ 2 1 β s1 0 s2 0 Θ 2 1 2 π β s1 0 s2 0 Θ 2 1 2 π β s1 0 s2 0 4 π β s1 0 s2 0 4 π β s1 0 s2 0 0 β where Θ is a spherical coordinate angle on the Poincaré sphere The following sections refer to PolaView V2 501 and above Instrument Compatibility The PolaView software can be used with either the POD 201 polarimeter...

Страница 76: ... to communicate with the instrument 3 Start the PolaView program The PolaView software can be used with either the POD 201 polarimeter or the PSY 201 polarization synthesizer When the program is started it detects which instrument is connected and enables or disables functions accordingly There are two data display and acquisition modes Poincaré Sphere mode and oscilloscope mode Under the Measurem...

Страница 77: ... Stop button is clicked Clear clears all displayed data points from the sphere The display can also be switched between Point displays individual points and Trace links consecutive data points on the sphere to display a trace Points on the front of the sphere are displayed in red and points on the back of the sphere in blue The sphere can be rotated for different vantage points using the green arr...

Страница 78: ... of currently loaded calibration matrix default 1550 or 1310nm Sampling Rate SOP sampling rate setting default 10 kHz Integration Time Automatic or manually set integration time default auto Trace Sensitivity Minimum SOP resolution in degrees for displayed SOP data determines data capture rate default 0 Oscilloscope Display Figure 32 shows the oscilloscope mode user interface There are four virtua...

Страница 79: ...collected per trigger event in triggered operation The number of points collected can be up to 80 000 points for free run or up to 30 000 points for triggered operation The rest of the trigger parameters are described in the Option Menu section as the trigger setup window can be accessed both from the Trigger Settings button on screen and from the Options Menu while in Oscilloscope Mode The middle...

Страница 80: ... in calibration matrix wavelength spacing is 5nm for 1550nm instruments and 2nm for 1310nm instruments The wavelength setting will round to the nearest multiple of 5 or 2 respectively Sampling Setting The Sampling Setting window allows the user to set several parameters that govern data collection and averaging SOP Sampling Rate The SOP sampling rate is the rate at which the instrument measures th...

Страница 81: ...egration time between 0 25µs and 180 s The minimum integration time is 0 25μs which corresponds to the highest sampling bandwidth of the instrument 4M SOP samples second If manual control is used the value should be chosen such that integration time 1 sampling rate DOP Average Number The number of SOP samples averaged to calculate the DOP This setting can be used to characterize polarization scram...

Страница 82: ...he SOP trace To avoid data loss trace sensitivity 0 should only be used with sampling rate settings 500K points s In general the sampling rate and trace sensitivity should be selected to match the expected rate of SOP variation The sampling rate should be fast enough to accurately characterize the SOP variation and the trace sensitivity should be large enough to avoid data loss Figure 34 shows the...

Страница 83: ...hange in input SOP kdegrees s C capture rate kpoints s dSOP degrees 0 5 0 1 5 0 5 t SOP Δ Δ 5000 0 1 C 1000 5 5000 1000 5 Figure 34 Average input SOP rate of change vs appropriate trace sensitivity setting Select trace sensitivity settings in the shaded area to avoid data loss 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 104 105 106 Trace sensitivity degrees Continuous region Average input SOP change rate degrees s ...

Страница 84: ...a rate of 30 frames s Repeat For edge triggers one set of data collected per trigger event Single Shot For edge triggers one set of data collected when first trigger event occurs No data collected for subsequent triggers Source For mode repeat or single shot source options are external TTL dREF and dSOP External TTL Trigger signal input to BNC connector on rear panel dREF Measurement trigger depen...

Страница 85: ... until it falls below the threshold level In other words data is recorded as long as the SOP is in the unshaded area Below threshold Measurement is triggered when the value of dREF falls below the threshold level and continues until it exceeds the threshold level In other words data is recorded as long as the SOP remains in the blue shaded area Rising edge One set of data is collected when the val...

Страница 86: ...time B and 1200 points after time B The pre trigger feature is useful to observe the effect of some perturbation on the SOP If the trigger is sent when the system is perturbed the data set will include SOP information both before and after the perturbation occurs The delay feature is useful in cases where the POD 201 or PSY 201 is used to observe the SOP at the end of a system with a long optical ...

Страница 87: ...at 1mW and the DOP reference is set at 100 For current SOP the current measured Stokes parameters power level and DOP are set as the reference For current REF the reference Stokes parameters power level and DOP stored in the instrument are used This is the default setting For manual entry the user can manually set all of the reference parameters as shown below ...

Страница 88: ...r level or to manually set a fixed gain level 0 to 18 Y Scale Range In Oscilloscope mode PolaView has 4 scope windows The Y Scale Range setup allows the user to configure the Y axis for the scope traces The Y scale control options are 1 Auto Scale The Y scale range depends on measured values When a value exceeds the current Y scale range limit the Y scale range automatically rescales to accommodat...

Страница 89: ...r 1550nm instruments and at 2nm intervals for 1310nm instruments Custom Matrix If this option is selected the user can load a user generated calibration matrix to use for measurement Matrix Calibration Use this function to generate a new calibration matrix for the current operating conditions wavelength temperature Such a calibration matrix can yield more precise results under particular operating...

Страница 90: ... notification window button Click Start to begin matrix generation PolaView uses the PSY 201 s triangle scrambling function at a scrambling rate of 3 2π s to create the required set of diverse SOPs The points will be marked on the sphere as they are recorded and the status window will notify the user when the requisite number of points has been recorded ...

Страница 91: ...xtension DAT but can be opened as a text file for viewing To check the new matrix before using it click Matrix Verification PolaView will run through a verification process and then indicate whether the verification was successful or not Once a new matrix is created and saved it can be loaded by selecting Custom Matrix from the main Calibration Setup window and selecting the new file to be loaded ...

Страница 92: ...r Guide GP UM PSY 201 11 Page 92 of 105 Measurement Menu The Measurement Menu lists available measurement options Poincaré Sphere This option displays data on a Poincaré Sphere It is the default data display mode ...

Страница 93: ...PSY 201 User Guide GP UM PSY 201 11 Page 93 of 105 Oscilloscope This option displays data on a virtual oscilloscope window and allows for triggered measurement ...

Страница 94: ... Settings on the Options menu Capture Mode Free Run Points are recorded at a rate determined by the sampling rate and trace sensitivity settings Because the Stream to File function works in Sphere mode it uses the same dynamic data capture rate While the polarization is stable the default rate of 100 points s is used For fast polarization variations the data capture rate can increase up to the sam...

Страница 95: ...sphere Multiple data files can be overlaid on the sphere display This function displays all measured points in a file It is separate from the Replay function Replay Stored Data Files Data files saved from the Stream to File function can also be loaded for replay as a virtual movie to more clearly view the SOP evolution over time The replay speed can be decreased to view fast phenomena at a visible...

Страница 96: ...the recorded data sequence in the selected file in seconds Current Time Counter showing the time stamp of the data during playback Load Load a new file for replay If the sphere is not cleared before loading the new file the data from the new file will be overlaid over the data from the previous replayed file Play Pause Clicking Play begins the playback During playback this button can be used to pa...

Страница 97: ...e changed by selecting Reference SOP from the Options menu Markers The middle section lists the Stokes parameters of all marked points The 4th parameter position can be configured to display S0 DOP Azimuth Ellipticity DLP DCP dSOP SOP difference between consecutive markers in degrees dDOP DOP difference between consecutive markers in dPower power difference between consecutive markers in dB dREF S...

Страница 98: ...asurement menu to remove the marker control pane PER Selecting PER brings up the PER measurement pane PER Measurement Background To minimize polarization dependent effects it is often desirable to maintain a constant state of polarization as light propagates through an optical system With regard to such systems polarization extinction ratio PER or polarization crosstalk is a measure of the degree ...

Страница 99: ... polarized along the fast axis Thus the polarization state of the light changes with the relative phase delay between the two components as it propagates through the fiber For the case of a linearly polarized light beam launched into a PM fiber with its polarization axis rotated by an angle θ from the PM fiber s slow axis as shown in Figure 37 the extinction ratio due to the misalignment can be ca...

Страница 100: ...e calculated directly from the size of the circle 2 2 2 2 10log sin 1 cos 1 1 2 10log 10log 1 cos 1 1 cos 2 PER R R α α α α 2 For complete confinement in one mode R 0 the circle collapses to a point corresponding to PER At the other extreme if the light is evenly distributed between the two orthogonal polarization modes R 1 the circle becomes a circumference of the sphere corresponding to PER 0 Si...

Страница 101: ...e to a full circle on the Poincaré sphere If stretching the fiber make sure that it does not bend as this can cause mode coupling 7 Once sufficient data points are present close to a full circle click Stop to stop data acquisition and begin the PER calculation The software will perform a curve fitting to fit a circle shown in green to the measured data points and then use the radius of the circle ...

Страница 102: ...ct the scrambling mode scrambling rate and for Tornado mode axis rotation option then click Enable to begin scrambling Scrambling modes Triangle Discrete Tornado Scrambling rates Triangle 0 to 2000 2π s Discrete 0 to 20 000 points s Tornado 0 to 2000 Rev s Axis rotation option Tornado only Cir rotating axis Fix fixed axis Enable Begin scrambling using selected scrambling setup Disable Stop scrambl...

Страница 103: ...aveform control signal to each of the 4 fiber squeezers of the polarization controller The enable disable status and waveform type for each channel is displayed in the status summary area immediately below the channel buttons Clicking on a channel button selects that channel The detailed settings for the selected channel are displayed in the waveform setup area on the bottom left of the screen Wav...

Страница 104: ...rm control allows the waveforms for individual channels to be enabled disabled independently The Track button is the functional equivalent of the TRACK quick key on the PSY 201 front panel However in PolaView Untrack only disables active tracking It does not restart any polarization control functions interrupted by invoking the TRACK function SOP Tracking The SOP Tracking function maintains a desi...

Страница 105: ...rameters are normalized to the surface of the sphere when the Track button is clicked Basis SOPs H V 45 45 RHC LHC The Track button is the functional equivalent of the TRACK quick key on the PSY 201 front panel However in PolaView Untrack only disables active tracking It does not restart any polarization control functions interrupted by invoking the TRACK function ...

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