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Disclaimers

Gamry Instruments, Inc. cannot guarantee that the Interface 5000 Potentiostat/Galvanostat/ZRA will work with
all computer systems, operating systems, and third-party software applications hardware or software.

The information in this manual has been carefully checked and is believed to be accurate as of the time of
release. However, Gamry Instruments, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors that might appear.

Copyrights

Interface 5000



Potentiostat/Gal

vanostat/ZRA Operator’s Manual c

opyright



2018, Gamry Instruments, Inc.,

all rights reserved.

Gamry Framework copyright



1989

–

2018, Gamry Instruments, Inc., all rights reserved.

Interface 5000



, Reference 600

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, ECM8



, Gamry Framework

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, and Gamry

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are trademarks of Gamry

Instruments, Inc.

No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form without the prior written consent of Gamry
Instruments, Inc.

Swagelok is a registered trademark of Swagelok Company. Windows, Vista, and Excel are registered trademarks
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Содержание Interface 5000

Страница 1: ...Interface 5000 Potentiostat Galvanostat ZRA Operator s Manual Copyright 2015 2018 Gamry Instruments Inc Revision 6 7 January 18 2018 Gamry P N 988 00034 ...

Страница 2: ...2 ...

Страница 3: ...tion or use of a system containing an Interface 5000 please try to call from a phone next to your computer where you can type and read the screen while talking to us We will be happy to provide a reasonable level of free support for registered users of the Interface 5000 Potentiostat Galvanostat ZRA Reasonable support includes telephone assistance covering the normal installation use and simple cu...

Страница 4: ...he system at any time without incurring any obligation to install same on systems previously purchased All system specifications are subject to change without notice There are no warranties which extend beyond the description herein This warranty is in lieu of and excludes any and all other warranties or representations expressed implied or statutory including merchantability and fitness as well a...

Страница 5: ... for errors that might appear Copyrights Interface 5000 Potentiostat Galvanostat ZRA Operator s Manual copyright 2018 Gamry Instruments Inc all rights reserved Gamry Framework copyright 1989 2018 Gamry Instruments Inc all rights reserved Interface 5000 Reference 600 ECM8 Gamry Framework and Gamry are trademarks of Gamry Instruments Inc No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any fo...

Страница 6: ...allation 19 Initial Visual Inspection 19 Physical Location 19 Computer Requirements 20 Quick Start Guide for System Installation 20 Software Installation 20 Reboot Your Computer after Software Installation 21 Power Cord and Power Connection 21 Power up Test 22 USB Cables 23 Multiple Potentiostat Systems 23 Cell Cable Installation 24 Front panel USB LED 24 Running the Framework 25 Framework Device ...

Страница 7: ...hapter 7 Instrument Circuitry 53 Interface 5000 Schematic Block Diagrams 53 Appendix A Interface 5000 Specifications 59 Appendix B Interface 5000 Cell Connectors 65 Appendix C I O Connectors 67 User I O Connector 67 Sync Port 67 Monitor Connector 68 I Monitor Signal 69 E Monitor Signal 69 External Signal In 70 Temperature Monitor Signal 70 Appendix D Power LED Blink Codes and Error Messages 71 Bli...

Страница 8: ...8 Interface Power Hub Systems 79 Appendix G Optional Interface 5000 Monitor Board 81 Introduction 81 Connectors 81 EXT SIG IN 81 AUX IN 81 E Monitor 82 I Monitor 82 RTD 82 Input unlabeled 82 Index 83 ...

Страница 9: ...rface 5000 s circuitry does not contain voltages higher than 15 V DC Generally input and output voltages in the Interface 5000 are limited to 9 V This voltage level is considered safe The AC Adapter supplied with the Interface 5000 is certified under EN 60950 The AC Adapter converts the AC mains voltage to 48 V DC which is used to power the Interface 5000 If your Interface 5000 is not installed in...

Страница 10: ...nd banana jack on the rear panel of the Interface 5000 easily implements this connection Simply run a wire from this binding post to a suitable source of earth ground A black 1 2 meter banana to banana lead is provided with the Interface 5000 to facilitate this connection This connection of the Interface 5000 to an earth ground is not a Protective Earth Ground as defined in EN 61010 The Interface ...

Страница 11: ...not connect the D connector s metal shell to earth ground Reference all user I O signals to pin 6 of the D connector which is an earth ground on the Interface 5000 Temperature and Ventilation Your Interface 5000 Potentiostat Galvanostat ZRA was designed for indoor use at ambient temperatures between 0 C and 45 C The Interface 5000 uses forced air cooling to keep the Interface 5000 components withi...

Страница 12: ...ned for outdoor use Storage Ambient temperature 40 C to 75 C Relative humidity Maximum 90 non condensing Shipping Same as storage plus Acceleration Maximum 30 G Operation Ambient temperature 0 C to 45 C Relative humidity Maximum 90 non condensing Cleaning Disconnect the Interface 5000 from all power sources prior to cleaning Use a cloth lightly dampened with either clean water or water containing ...

Страница 13: ...ated from earth ground Gamry recommends connecting your Interface 5000 to earth ground and then connecting the Faraday cage to the Interface 5000 s floating ground the black lead on the cell cable Electrical Transient Sensitivity Your Interface 5000 Potentiostat Galvanostat ZRA was designed to offer reasonable immunity from electrical transients including transients on the incoming AC mains supply...

Страница 14: ...c if these measures do not solve the problem CE Compliance The European Community has instituted standards limiting radio frequency interference emitted by electronic devices setting limits for susceptibility of apparatus to RF energy and transient events and mandating safety requirements Gamry Instruments Inc has designed and tested the Interface 5000 to comply with these standards The relevant C...

Страница 15: ...000 via a PSTAT object See the Framework s Help for information concerning PSTAT objects and their functions About the Interface 5000 The Interface 5000 is a value oriented research grade electrochemical instrument packaged in a small easy to handle case It works particularly well in systems with multiple instruments connected to one computer It offers measurement capabilities similar or superior ...

Страница 16: ...stat multichannel system and four stand alone systems in one week then used as two six potentiostat multichannel systems the next week Typical applications for the Interface 5000 include Research in electrochemical storage and conversion and Battery and electrochemical capacitor evaluation Multichannel Potentiostat Systems The Interface 5000 can form several different types of multiple potentiosta...

Страница 17: ...truments this label is the serial number In larger multichannel systems this might be Pstat 1 Pstat 2 Pstat3 etc See Chapter 4 for more details Notational Conventions In order to make this manual more readable we have adopted some notational conventions These are used throughout this manual and all other Gamry Instruments manuals Numbered lists A numbered list is reserved for step by step procedur...

Страница 18: ...Introduction 18 ...

Страница 19: ... the instrument because some cable connections are made from the rear The Interface 5000 is generally operated in a flat position see Figure 3 1 Operation in other orientations is possible as long as you insure that air movement through the chassis is not restricted Warning The reinforced insulation that keeps the operator from accessing the hazardous live voltages in the Interface 5000 can be ren...

Страница 20: ...tware onto a computer system If this document is missing you can find it on www gamry com The Quick start Guide found at www gamry com contains the latest information concerning system installation so the information provided below is always subject to change Software Installation The Interface 5000 is compatible with the Windows Plug Play configuration system Like most Plug Play hardware it is be...

Страница 21: ...nected to the DC power input jack on the rear of the Interface 5000 The external power supply provided with the Interface 5000 is rated for operation from 100 to 240 V AC at frequencies from 47 to 63 Hz It should therefore be useable worldwide The Interface 5000 external supply is normally supplied with a line cord suitable for use in the United States In other countries you may have to replace th...

Страница 22: ...erface 5000 Watch the PWR LED as the Interface 5000 powers up It flashes slowly four or five times depending on the amount of software loading then glows a steady blue This process could take as long as 15 seconds The Interface 5000 fan runs at low speed after the PWR light stops flashing If you do not see four or five blinks and then a steady blue color see Appendix D for a table of blink codes T...

Страница 23: ...he system is currently taking data or performing an electrochemical experiment Multiple Potentiostat Systems Gamry s current Framework software Revision 6 3 allows a computer to operate up to 16 Gamry Instruments potentiostats simultaneously The 16 potentiostats can include Interface 5000s and Gamry Reference family instruments A system with multiple Interface 5000s just needs them all plugged int...

Страница 24: ...ate ports on the front of the Interface 5000 Always use the knurled screws on this cable to hold the cables in place A wide variety of lengths for cell cables are available for the Interface 5000 The Interface 5000 can automatically detect which Gamry Instruments cables are connected and the Gamry Framework software can then adjust the system performance for the characteristics of those cables Fro...

Страница 25: ...ments connected to the system Framework Device Status Bar By default the Gamry Framework shows a Device Status Bar under its main menu see Figure 3 3 If you do not see the Device Status Bar when you run the Gamry Framework it has been disabled in the Framework Options menu Potentiostat Devices instruments that are connected to the computer appear on this bar The round indicator associated with eac...

Страница 26: ...ostats Authorization Codes and Label If you upgrade your Interface 5000 potentiostat or you need to make a correction to your authorization codes use the Framework Instrument Manager If you change the USB port used to connect the Interface 5000 to your computer the Windows Device manager interprets an Interface 5000 on a new USB port as a new Interface 5000 Firmware Update Your Interface 5000 was ...

Страница 27: ...area In a system containing eight potentiostats the potentiostats might be labeled Pstat 1 Pstat 2 Pstat 3 Pstat 8 Insert simple paper labels in an area behind the clear plastic outer layer of the front panel The paper is behind the plastic so it is not affected by the lab environment Best of all you can edit or print the labels so personal labels like Bob s Stat are also possible There are two ve...

Страница 28: ...nts Interface family Don t be confused because some of the pictures were taken using an Interface 1000 1 If you are making a custom printed label edit the Excel file and print a label sheet as described above If you are using the Gamry supplied label sheet identify the location on the sheet where the new label is found 2 If you are writing by hand on a blank label do it now 3 Use scissors to cut o...

Страница 29: ...label The text should face the front of the instrument A small tab of paper will extend beyond the instrument s front panel 10 Examine the new label s position in the Interface 5000 Front Panel Adjust the label if needed 11 Replace the rubber bezel Make sure that the foot side of the bezel is toward the bottom of the instrument 12 Rename the Interface 5000 in the Gamry Framework software to match ...

Страница 30: ...Installation 30 ...

Страница 31: ...n your system A calibration utility is provided with the Gamry Framework The calibration for the Interface 5000 is divided into two sections Instrument DC Calibration and cable calibration Gain access to these calibration procedures via the Utility selection on the Framework s Experiment drop down menu Calibrate each potentiostat installed in your system A calibration utility is provided with the ...

Страница 32: ...es in the data curves recorded with your system The system is being run in an environment that is very different from the previous operating environment For example if the Interface 5000 was calibrated at 15 C and you are now operating it at 30 C you should recalibrate Figure 4 1 Interface 5000 Calibration Cell with Leads Attached for Calibration Cable Calibration This procedure uses an external r...

Страница 33: ...dance samples Procedure to calibrate the cable 1 Connect the Chassis Ground on the back of your potentiostat to a known good earth ground 2 Connect the cell cable to the correct color coded receptacles on the 2 kΩ Calibration Cell 3 Place the Calibration Cell inside the Calibration Shield close the lid and connect the black floating ground lead of your cell cable to the Shield s grounding post ...

Страница 34: ...hen click the Open button The Cable Capacitance Calibration window appears 6 In the Cable Tag field enter a unique name for the cable you are calibrating Choose the desired Action radio button To calibrate the cable choose Cal Cable To reset the vales to zero if say the calibration doesn t work choose Zero Values Click the OK button The Performance Tips window appears ...

Страница 35: ...ell Required window appears 8 Make sure that the correct Calibration Cell is attached then click the OK button The screenshot shown here is a general representation not the actual resistor s value The calibration runs The Done window appears 9 Click the OK button to acknowledge completion ...

Страница 36: ...Calibration 36 ...

Страница 37: ... pin sockets on the other end In some cases your system may also include special purpose cell cables The special purpose cell cables include instructions describing their use Always screw both cell cables into place because cables can fall off the unit if not properly attached This can be disastrous if detachment occurs during an experiment Ancillary Apparatus Do not use the Interface 5000 with an...

Страница 38: ...an SCE or Ag AgCl reference electrode The measured cell potential is the potential difference between the blue and white cell connectors You may need to connect the Reference 5000 to a two terminal device such as a packaged battery In this case connect both the white cell and red cell leads to one side of the device and the blue and green cell leads to the other side Try to connect the white and b...

Страница 39: ... electrode The tester is usually interested in the electrochemical behavior of both the anode and cathode Examples of cells used in this way include specialized Swagelok like cells and cells with a reference electrode inserted in a coin cell or a spirally wound cell such as an 18650 In Gamry s Electrochemical Energy software you run these tests in Stack mode Save Both Half Cells is a feature that ...

Страница 40: ...the same potential and measures the current flow between the samples It can also measure the potential of the samples versus a reference electrode The cell cable connections for ZRA mode are shown in Table 5 3 The connections are very similar to those for the potentiostat and galvanostat modes In ZRA mode a second working electrode is substituted for the counter electrode and the Orange Counter Se...

Страница 41: ...ect to counter electrode 1 White Pin Jack Reference Connect to reference electrode 2 Red Banana Plug Counter Electrode Connect to counter electrode 2 Orange Banana Plug Counter Sense Leave open only needed in ZRA mode Black Pin Jack Floating Ground Leave open or connect to a Faraday shield Fuses in the Cell Cable All standard Interface 5000 Counter Working cell cables include fuses in the current ...

Страница 42: ...ll pliers and gently lift the fuse out of the fuse holder or pry the fuse out of the fuse holder using a small screwdriver or knife blade After a fuse has been removed check it using an ohmmeter such as that found on modern digital voltmeters Do not trust a visual inspection of the fuse A blown open fuse always should have a resistance of greater than 100 Ω The resistance of a good fuse is very sm...

Страница 43: ...ipt in the Framework s Utilities package Utility Package scripts do not require an Authorization Code so every Framework installation can run this test Connect the cell leads to the Interface 5000 Calibration Cell You do not need to place the Dummy Cell within a Faraday cage Select the command Experiment Utilities Set a Voltage on the Framework s menu bar You see a Set a Voltage dialog box similar...

Страница 44: ...e current readings are near zero and a red CA Overload indication may be seen at the bottom of the runner window If this test indicates an open fuse use the procedures described above to check both fuses This test cannot tell which fuse is blown Both fuses can blow simultaneously If the fuse test indicates an open fuse and the fuses both check out a good with an ohmmeter some other problem has occ...

Страница 45: ...d on see the PWR LED description below Normally the DC power is connected before the Power button is turned ON However no damage occurs if this switch is already in the ON position when the cable is connected to Power In or when the AC power input is connected to the external power supply Power Switch The PWR LED The PWR LED is on the lower right of the Interface 5000 front panel It normally glows...

Страница 46: ...onnectors each with a 15 pin D type connector The left female connector is labeled Current Connector It carries the cell current between the Counter electrode wire and the Working electrode wires Current Connector Sense Connector The right male connector is labeled Sense Connector It contains only high impedance inputs used to sense potentials in the cell In addition to the pins used for cell conn...

Страница 47: ...e is not plugged into a USB port on a computer or hub The USB cable is not supplying USB power to the Interface 5000 The computer has disabled the USB port going to the Interface 5000 The USB LED glows a continuous green if a valid USB connection is made and the Interface 5000 s communication processor receives power along the USB cable The USB LED flashes orange whenever the Interface 5000 receiv...

Страница 48: ...l sequence the Cell On LED is off between experiments and during any open circuit potential measurements It glows yellow whenever the cell is polarized Overload LED The Overload LED is just below the Cell On LED The Overload LED is normally unlit When it glows red some circuit in the Interface 5000 has exceeded its normal operating limit Conditions that generate Overloads include The absolute valu...

Страница 49: ...connected or disconnected are common and usually do not indicate a problem Overloads can also be seen when one of the cell leads is disconnected from the other cell leads even though the cell is off Again this does not indicate a problem A steadily glowing Overload LED during an experiment most likely indicates a problem is occurring Possible causes include One of the cell leads is disconnected th...

Страница 50: ...apter 3 Rear Panel Power In Jack The Power In jack is a 4 pin power DIN connector The Interface 5000 derives all its power from 48 V DC input through the Power In jack The input current is less than 1 8 A Always use the external power supply supplied with your Interface 5000 or power from an Interface Power Hub to supply DC power to the instrument The external power supply is rated for operation f...

Страница 51: ...andard shielded Type A B cable to connect this port to a computer s USB port or a USB hub preferably an externally powered hub The two ends of a Type A B cable are different The more rectangular end plugs into the computer and the more square end plugs into the Interface 5000 A suitable USB cable was included with your Interface 5000 If this cable is lost you can replace it with a cable from your ...

Страница 52: ...ower supply that can provide up to 50 mA of current for external circuitry Sync Port The Sync Port is used when several Interface 5000 instruments need to be operated with a common clock and simultaneous data acquisition It is an 8 pin mini DIN connector Simultaneous operation is only required when several instruments are connected to a single electrochemical cell Examples include rotating ring di...

Страница 53: ...e complexity of the Interface 5000 can be quite daunting the Interface 5000 circuit boards contain more than 2000 components connected by almost 5000 circuit nets The schematic block diagram figures show the Interface 5000 in its potentiostatic control mode the circuits for signal generation the circuits for signal conditioning and A D conversion the processors in the Interface 5000 DC DC power co...

Страница 54: ... MOS switches as appropriate All components shown as being variable resistance Rm capacitor IEStab and capacitor CASpeed are actually several fixed value components switched into the circuit They are not continuously variable as implied in the figure The monitor connections for Isig and Esig are filtered using an RLC circuit All the resistors summing voltages into the Control Amplifier input do no...

Страница 55: ...t The high pass filter provides AC coupling to prevent drift in the DDS s offset entering the applied signal In practice Gamry EIS software uses the DDS to apply sine waves with frequencies from 100 Hz to 1 MHz It uses the Scan DAC to generate sine signals at frequencies below 100 Hz A two stage attenuator scales the DDS On the coarse scale the maximum output signal is 2 33 Vrms 3 3 Vpeak and the ...

Страница 56: ...his trigger and the pulse updating the Scan DAC voltage are under the control of a hardware state machine This insures that all waveform and data acquisition timing is tightly controlled and reproducible point to point By default the data acquisition is synchronized with the system s 300 kHz and 600 kHz power supply switching frequencies reducing noise caused by the power supply Data acquisition t...

Страница 57: ...tream The UARTs send data at 6 Mbits second The Interface 5000 has local non volatile data storage to save calibration data and board revision information Interface 5000 calibration data is stored in the instrument not in a data file When an Interface 5000 is moved from one computer to another its calibration remains valid The FPGA code can be updated in the field over the USB connection The Instr...

Страница 58: ... DC DC converter powers both the floating circuitry and some earth side circuitry including the USB processor and User I O Additional circuitry protects the Interface 5000 against ESD and electrical surges Like most complex electronic apparatus the Interface 5000 uses a variety of power supply voltages The incoming DC voltage must be between 46 and 50 V With inputs below 46 V the PWM may be unable...

Страница 59: ...e Control Amplifier Compliance Voltage Min 6 5 V Note 1 Output Current Min 5 A Note 2 Unity Gain Bandwidth Typ 1050 250 43 4 4 0 5 kHz Note 3 Slew Rate Typ 10 4 4 0 7 0 07 0 007 V µs Note 4 Differential Electrometer Max Input Voltage Max 6 0 V Note 4 Input Current Max 25 pA Note 6 Input Resistance Differential between inputs Common Mode input to ground Typ 10 1 TΩ Note 7 Input Capacitance Differen...

Страница 60: ...n Tolerance 5 A to 50 µA ranges Max 0 2 of reading Note 15 Zero drift Typ 0 02 FS C Note 16 Bandwidth 3 dB Typ 5 MHz Note 17 Current Measurement Resolution Typ 0 00333 FS bit Offset Range Typ 100 of range Post offset Gain Typ 1 10 100 Accuracy Typ Dominated by current to voltage error see above Potentiostatic Mode Applied Voltage Range Min 6 0 V Accuracy DC zero offset Gain Max 1 0 2 mV setting No...

Страница 61: ... Customer provided if required Environmental Operating Temperature Range 0 to 45 C Relative Humidity Max 90 non condensing Storage and Shipping Temperature 25 to 75 C Maximum Shipping Acceleration 30 g General DC Power Input Voltage Range 46 to 50 V Power Max 85 W Leakage Current floating earthed working electrode Typ 10 nA Note 27 Dimensions 24 27 6 cm Note 22 Weight Max 2 5 kg Note 22 Dimensions...

Страница 62: ...s specification which is limited by the measurement equipment used in routine testing of the Interface 5000 9 CMRR is common mode rejection ratio It specifies the ability of the differential electrometer to reject signals connected to both inputs The CMRR is measured driving both inputs with a sine wave source with a 50 Ω output impedance and measuring the error as a function of frequency Resistan...

Страница 63: ...veraging via Gamry DSP mode further reduces the measured noise 21 See Appendix D 22 Excluding external power adapter and any cables supplied with unit 23 Excluding removable line cord 24 A platinum RTD sensor according to DIN IEC751 European Standard is used to measure the temperature of a sample 25 Measured between 0 and 100 C 26 Two pin connection through front panel Monitor connector or through...

Страница 64: ...Appendix A Interface 5000 Specifications 64 ...

Страница 65: ...cell end of the cell cable 3 No connect 4 6 11 13 Ground The potentiostat s floating ground Can be used to shield the cell if very low currents need to be measured Also used as a shield for the counter electrode cable 5 12 Counter Connected to the counter electrode 7 CBL_ID1 One of four cable ID bits Used to identify the type of cell cable attached to the unit Pull to a logic High through a resist...

Страница 66: ...Shield The shield for the work sense electrode input Driven to the same potential as Pin 8 Left open at the end of the cell cable 8 Work Sense Connected to the working electrode in most cases see Chapter 5 This lead has a 261 Ω resistor in the cell end of the cable Custom cell cables are likely to require a similar resistor 9 CBL_ID3 One of four cable ID bits Used to identify the type of cell cabl...

Страница 67: ...nt must be below 10 µA 8 Digital Out 1 A CMOS compatible digital output connecting device input current must be below 10 µA 9 Digital Out 2 A CMOS compatible digital output connecting device input current must be below 10 µA 10 Digital Out 3 A CMOS compatible digital output connecting device input current must be below 10 µA 11 Digital In 0 A CMOS compatible digital input 2 2 kΩ input impedance 12...

Страница 68: ...th some instruments missing so the eight instrument Master Serf cable may be used for one Serf two Serfs three Serfs seven Serfs The Master Serf connection scheme sends a 24 MHz complex clock signal from the Master to the Serfs using a daisy chained low voltage differential signal LVDS Data acquisition pulses are embedded in the clock signal DC pins in the DIN connector are used to detect all cabl...

Страница 69: ...nge Cathodic currents cause a positive output voltage If the software is auto ranging the current range selection this signal is discontinuous at each range change The I Monitor signal is filtered using an RLC circuit It has a bandwidth of approximately 350 kHz when connected to a high impedance input E Monitor Signal The E Monitor signal is derived from the output of the Interface 5000 s differen...

Страница 70: ...EC 60751 or simply IEC751 is used for the temperature measurement The RTD sensor contains a resistor that changes resistance as its temperature changes The RTD is excited with a precision 1 mA current source The A D normally reads 1 000 V when the RTD is at 0 C and its resistance change is 3 85 Ω C for the temperature range 0 to 100 C Platinum RTD elements are available in two types of constructio...

Страница 71: ...hen four times Post Serial init TX buffer Three times then five times Post Serial init UART Three times then six times Post Communications module missing Three times then eight times Post Control missing Four times then once Post potentiostat missing Four times then twice If there are multiple problems the communications board takes code priority over the memory module Severe problem The red LED w...

Страница 72: ...Appendix D Power LED Blink Codes and Error Messages 72 ...

Страница 73: ...ation is based upon product compliance with the following standards as defined in report number R0692 001 from Ergonomics Inc for safety analysis and report number R 2150P from Retlif Testing Laboratories Inc for EMC test and analysis EMC Standards Title Class Criteria EN 61326 1 2013 Table 1 EMC Electrostatic discharge Immunity B EN 61326 1 2013 Clause 7 2 EMC Emissions A Low Voltage Directive Sa...

Страница 74: ...Appendix E CE Certificate Declaration of Conformity 74 Low Voltage Certificate of Conformance ...

Страница 75: ...Appendix E CE Certificate Declaration of Conformity 75 RFI Certificate of Conformance ...

Страница 76: ...Appendix E CE Certificate Declaration of Conformity 76 ...

Страница 77: ...ed in a resistor is given by R V R I I V P 2 2 P is power in watts V is voltage in volts I is current in amperes and R is the resistance in ohms In this simple model a device powered from 48 V with a power supply current of 0 1 A dissipates the same power as a 480 resistor that is 4 8 W Normally the power supply voltage is assumed to be constant so a device s power depends on the current requireme...

Страница 78: ...ized is approximated by 2 1 3 2 2 R V Vcell R Vcell V R Vin P With large cell currents the current from one leg of the circuit dominates power amplifier dissipation and total device power becomes Icell Vcell V R Vin P 3 or Icell V Vcell R Vin P 3 Note that Vcell can be either positive or negative The Interface 5000 contains a special power reduction mode that limits power dissipation and temperatu...

Страница 79: ...y to open and stop the test If the same test was run at 45 C ambient temperature the over temperature event would have occurred sooner most probably in less than 8 min Vertical Stacks Gamry also tested a system with four Interface 5000s stacked one atop another a vertical stack of horizontal units In this configuration the Interface 5000s run hotter because power dissipation in one unit can radiat...

Страница 80: ...Appendix F Heat in Interface 5000 Multichannel Systems Interface Power Hub Systems 80 ...

Страница 81: ...edback is such that a negative signal generator output creates a positive differential electrometer signal which corresponds to a negative working electrode versus reference electrode voltage The polarity of the EXT SIG IN signal is inverted at the signal generator s output As described above a negative input signal on this BNC creates a positive change in the working electrode versus reference el...

Страница 82: ... connected to the BNC Its output impedance is approximately 200 Ω in parallel with 220 pF I Monitor The I Monitor BNC connector represents the output of the Interface 5000 s current measurement circuit With the exception of the filtering described below it is the raw signal It has high bandwidth on the less sensitive current ranges The effective bandwidth of the current signal falls as you reach t...

Страница 83: ... transients 13 enclosed space 12 environmental limits 12 environmental stress 12 Experiment drop down menu 31 External Signal 70 fan speed 11 Faraday shield 39 filters 56 firmware download 47 firmware update 26 floating ground 38 51 floating ground binding post 10 Framework software 15 23 24 25 29 fuses 37 41 42 43 44 green cell lead 38 ground 65 66 Help system 15 high speed USB 51 horizontal stac...

Страница 84: ...se 10 software calibration 59 software installation 20 21 specifications 59 state machine 56 static electricity 13 storage 12 support 3 Sync port 16 52 67 telephone assistance 3 temperature 11 Universal Dummy Cell 39 41 43 USB cable 23 USB LED 24 47 51 USB port 51 USB Processor 57 User I O connector 11 52 Visual Inspection 19 Warranty 4 white cell lead 38 Work Shield 65 Working 65 Working electrod...

Страница 85: ......

Страница 86: ...734 Louis Drive Warminster PA 18974 Tel 215 682 9330 Fax 215 682 9331 www gamry com info gamry com ...

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