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Chapter 5  Tutorial

PRBS

4

5

An LFSR is specified by the number of stages it contains and which 
stages (“taps”) feed the exclusive-or (XOR) gate(s) that comprise its 
feedback network. The PRBS output is taken from the last stage. With 
properly chosen taps, an L-stage LFSR produces a repetitive PRBS of 
length 2

L

-1. The clocking frequency of the LFSR determines the “bit 

rate” of the PRBS.

In the 33500 Series, you can set L to be 7, 9, 11, 15, 20, or 23, resulting in 
sequences from 127 to 8,388,607 bits in length.

Содержание Agilent 33500 Series

Страница 1: ...buy your excess underutilized and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade ins Custom engineering so your equipment works exactly as you specify Critical and expedited services Leasing Rentals Demos In stock Ready to ship TAR certified secure asset solutions Expert team I Trust guarantee I 100 satisfaction All trademarks brand names and brands appearing herein are the property of th...

Страница 2: ...Agilent Technologies Agilent 33500 Series 30 MHz Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator User s Guide ...

Страница 3: ...ions of Conformity You can then search by product number to find the latest Decla ration of Conformity Warranty The material contained in this document is provided as is and is subject to being changed with out notice in future editions Further to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law Agi lent disclaims all warranties either express or implied with regard to this manual and any informatio...

Страница 4: ...his product is provided with protec tive earth terminals To minimize shock hazard the instrument must be con nected to the ac power mains through a grounded power cable with the ground wire firmly connected to an electrical ground safety ground at the power outlet Any interruption of the protec tive grounding conductor or discon nection of the protective earth terminal will cause a potential shock...

Страница 5: ... electric shock Caution refer to accompanying documents Earth ground terminal 1SM1 A The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the CSA International The C tick mark is a registered trademark of the Spectrum Management Agency of Australia This signifies compliance with the Australian EMC Framework regulations under the terms of the Rad...

Страница 6: ...ilent 33500 Series 30 MHz Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator User s Guide Publication Number 33520 90001 order as 33520 90000 manual set Edition 2 September 2010 Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies Inc ...

Страница 7: ... Precise pulse waveform capabilities with adjustable edge time LCD display provides numeric and graphical views Easy to use knob and numeric keypad Instrument state storage with user defined names Portable ruggedized case with non skid feet Flexible system features Downloadable 1M point or optional 16M point arbitrary waveform memories For details see www agilent com find 33521U www agilent com fi...

Страница 8: ...1 USB Port 2 On Off Switch 3 Channel 1 Summary Tab 4 Channel 2 Summary Tab 5 Waveform and Parameter Display Area 6 Menu Operation Softkeys 7 Waveforms Parameters Units Keys 8 Modulate Sweep Burst Keys 9 System Key 10 Numeric Keypad 11 Knob 12 Cursor Keys Arrows 13 Manual Trigger Sweep and Burst only 14 Sync Connector 15 Channel 1 16 Channel 2 2 channel instrument only 2 ...

Страница 9: ...8 The Front Panel Display at a Glance Channel 1 Information Waveform Display Softkey Labels Waveform Parameters Sweep or Burst Parameters Channel 2 Information ...

Страница 10: ... 1 Use the keys below the knob to move the cursor left or right 2 Rotate the knob to change a digit clockwise to increase Use the keypad to enter numbers and the softkeys to select units 1 Key in a value using the keypad 2 Select a unit to enter the value 3 Use the key to change the sign of the number 4 The left arrow backspaces and clears the last digit ...

Страница 11: ...nt s chassis ground screw see above to a good earth ground 4 2 5 6 7 8 1 10 3 9 1 External 10 MHz Reference Input Terminal 2 Internal 10 MHz Reference Output Terminal 3 GPIB Interface Connector option 400 4 Chassis Ground 5 External Modulation Input Terminal 6 Input External Trig Gate FSK Burst 7 USB Interface Connector 8 Local Area Network LAN Connector 9 Instrument Cable Lock 10 AC Power ...

Страница 12: ... panel or over the remote interface Application Programs Chapter 4 contains several remote interface application programs to help you develop programs for your application Tutorial Chapter 5 discusses the fundamentals of signal generation and modulation techniques Specifications Chapter 6 lists the waveform generator s specifications You can contact Agilent Technologies at one of the following tel...

Страница 13: ...12 ...

Страница 14: ...veform 32 To Select a Stored Arbitrary Waveform 34 To Use the Built In Help System 33 To Rack Mount the Waveform Generator 38 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation 41 Front Panel Menu Reference 43 To Select the Output Termination 47 To Reset the Waveform Generator 48 To Output a Modulated Waveform 49 To Output an FSK Waveform 51 To Output a PWM Waveform 53 To Output a Frequency Sweep 56 To Output a...

Страница 15: ...30 Pulse Width Modulation PWM 134 Sum Modulation Sum 139 Frequency Sweep 143 Burst Mode 152 Triggering 161 System Related Operations 167 Remote Interface Configuration 178 External Timebase Reference 187 Calibration Overview 190 Embedded Waveform Editor 194 Factory Default Settings 215 Chapter 4 Application Programs 217 Introduction 218 Program Listings 220 Chapter 5 Tutorial 243 Chapter 6 Specifi...

Страница 16: ...1 1 Quick Start ...

Страница 17: ...ns To Prepare the Waveform Generator for Use on page 17 To Adjust the Carrying Handle on page 19 To Set the Output Frequency on page 20 To Set the Output Amplitude on page 22 To Set a DC Offset Voltage on page 25 To Set the High Level and Low Level Values on page 27 To Output a DC Voltage on page 29 To Set the Duty Cycle of a Square Wave on page 30 To Configure a Pulse Waveform on page 32 To Selec...

Страница 18: ...ns a power on self test When the instrument is ready for use it displays a message about how to obtain help along with the current IP address The instrument also displays the GPIB address if the GPIB option is installed and GPIB is enabled The waveform generator powers up in the sine wave function at 1 kHz with an amplitude of 100 mV peak to peak into a 50 termination At power on the channel outpu...

Страница 19: ...rument by brushing against the power switch If the power on self test fails the instrument shows the ERR annunciator in the upper right corner of the display It also prominently displays the following message Check for error messages in the error queue See the Agilent 33500 Series Service Guide for information on error codes and for instructions on returning the waveform generator to Agilent for s...

Страница 20: ...tart To Adjust the Carrying Handle 4 1 To Adjust the Carrying Handle To adjust the position grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward Then rotate the handle to the desired position Carrying Position Extended Retracted ...

Страница 21: ...ton followed by the Frequency softkey The displayed frequency is either the power on value or the frequency previously selected When you change functions the same frequency is used if the present value is valid for the new function To set the waveform period instead press then press the Frequency softkey to toggle to the Period softkey the current Frequency selection is highlighted in the image be...

Страница 22: ...its Press the softkey that corresponds to the desired units When you select the units the waveform generator outputs a waveform with the displayed frequency if the output is enabled For this example press MHz Note You can also enter the desired value using the knob and cursor keys ...

Страница 23: ...ude to 50 mVpp 1 Press then the softkey marked Amp Offs or High Low to make sure that you are in Amp Offs The displayed amplitude is either the power on value or the amplitude previously selected When you change functions the same amplitude is used if the present value is valid for the new function To choose whether you want to specify voltage as amplitude and offset or high and low values press a...

Страница 24: ... number 50 3 Select the desired units Press the softkey that corresponds to the desired units When you select the units the waveform generator outputs the waveform with the displayed amplitude if the output is enabled For this example press mVpp Note You can also enter the desired value using the knob and cursor keys If you do so you do not need to use a units softkey ...

Страница 25: ...4 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the Output Amplitude 1 You can easily convert the displayed amplitude from one unit to another Simply press and then press the Ampl As softkey and select the desired units ...

Страница 26: ...n The following steps show you how to change the offset to 1 5 VDC 1 Press followed by the Offset softkey The displayed offset voltage is either the power on value or the offset previously selected When you change functions the same offset is used if the present value is valid for the new function 2 Enter the magnitude of the desired offset Using the numeric keypad enter the value 1 5 ...

Страница 27: ...he softkey for the desired units When you select the units the waveform generator outputs the waveform with the displayed offset if the output is enabled For this example press V The voltage will be set as shown below Note You can also enter the desired value using the knob and cursor keys ...

Страница 28: ...plitude and DC offset values as described previously Another way to set the signal limits is to specify its high maximum and low minimum values This is typically convenient for digital applications In the following example we will set the high level to 1 0 V and the low level to 0 0 V 1 Press 2 Press the Amp Offs softkey to toggle to High Low as shown below ...

Страница 29: ... and arrows select a value of 1 0 V If you are using the keypad you will need to select the V unit softkey to enter the value 4 Press the Low Level softkey and set the value Again use the numeric keypad or the knob to enter a value of 0 0 V These settings high level 1 0 V and low level 0 0 V are equivalent to setting an amplitude of 1 0 Vpp and an offset of 500 mV ...

Страница 30: ... be output 1 Press and then select More and DC The Offset value becomes selected 2 Enter the desired voltage level as an Offset Enter 1 0 with the numeric keypad or knob and then press the V softkey if you used the keypad You can enter any DC voltage from 5 V to 5 V into 50 or 10 V to 10 V into a high impedance load ...

Страница 31: ...minimum pulse width specification of 16 ns The following steps show you how to change the duty cycle to 75 1 Select the square wave function Press the key and choose Square 2 Press the Duty Cycle softkey The displayed duty cycle is either the power on value or the percentage previously selected The duty cycle represents the amount of time per cycle that the square wave is at a high level ...

Страница 32: ...le Using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows select a duty cycle value of 75 If you are using the numeric keypad press the Percent softkey to finish the entry The waveform generator adjusts the duty cycle immediately and outputs a square wave with the specified value if the output is enabled ...

Страница 33: ...teps show you how to configure a 500 ms periodic pulse waveform with a pulse width of 10 ms and edge times of 50 ns 1 Select the pulse function Press the key and choose Pulse to select the pulse function and output a pulse waveform with the default parameters 2 Set the pulse period Press the key and then press the Frequency Period softkey to choose Period Then press and choose Period Set the perio...

Страница 34: ...ms The pulse width represents the time from the 50 threshold of the rising edge to the 50 threshold of the next falling edge 4 Set the edge time for both edges Press the Edge Time softkey and then set the edge time for both the leading and trailing edges to 50 ns The edge time represents the time from the 10 threshold to the 90 threshold of each edge ...

Страница 35: ... Rise Gaussian Haversine Lorentz Negative Ramp and Sinc The following steps show you how to select the built in exponential fall waveform from the front panel 1 Select the arbitrary waveform function Press the button and choose the Arb and Arbs softkeys Then choose Select Arb and use the knob to select Exp_Fall Press Select For information on creating a custom arbitrary waveform refer to To Set up...

Страница 36: ...ront panel key or menu softkey A list of help topics is also available to assist you with several front panel operations 1 View the help information for a function key Press and hold down any softkey or button such as If the message contains more information than will fit on the display press the softkey or use the knob to view the remaining information Press Done to exit Help ...

Страница 37: ... 2 View the list of help topics Press the button and then press Help to view the list of available help topics To scroll through the list press the and softkeys or use the knob Select the topic Get HELP on any key and then press Select Press Done to exit Help ...

Страница 38: ...nd then press Help Then select the topic View the last message displayed and press Select Press Done to exit Help Local Language Help The built in help system is available in Chinese French German Japanese and Korean All messages context sensitive help and help topics appear in the selected language The menu softkey labels and status line messages are not translated To select the local language pr...

Страница 39: ...mounting hardware are included with each rack mounting kit Any Agilent System II instrument of the same size can be rack mounted beside the Agilent 33500 Series Note Remove the carrying handle and the front and rear rubber bumpers before rack mounting the instrument To remove the handle rotate it to vertical and pull the ends outward To remove the rubber bumper stretch a corner and then slide it o...

Страница 40: ...wo instruments side by side order lock link kit 5061 8769 and flange kit 5063 9212 Be sure to use the support rails in the rack cabinet In order to prevent overheating do not block the flow of air into or out of the instrument Be sure to allow enough clearance at the rear sides and bottom of the instrument to permit adequate internal air flow ...

Страница 41: ...40 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Rack Mount the Waveform Generator 1 ...

Страница 42: ...2 2 Front Panel Menu Operation ...

Страница 43: ...mplete discussion of the waveform generator s capabilities and operation Front Panel Menu Reference on page 43 To Select the Output Termination on page 47 To Reset the Waveform Generator on page 48 To Output a Modulated Waveform on page 49 To Output an FSK Waveform on page 51 To Output a PWM Waveform on page 53 To Output a Frequency Sweep on page 56 To Output a Burst Waveform on page 59 To Trigger...

Страница 44: ...aveform you can do some of the various tasks Configure Period Frequency Configure Amplitude Configure Offset Configure Phase Configure Duty Cycle Configure Symmetry Configure Pulse Width Configure Edge Times Configure Arbitrary Waveforms Configure Bandwidth Configure PRBS Data Configure Bit Rate Specify what units and parameters to use for various waveforms Specify whether to use Frequency or Peri...

Страница 45: ...center span frequencies Specify dwell hold and return times Configure the parameters for burst Turn burst on or off Select the triggered N Cycle or externally gated burst mode Select the number of cycles per burst 1 to 100 000 000 or infinite Select the starting phase angle of the burst 360 to 360 Specify the number of cycles Specify the burst period Store Recall Store and recall instrument states...

Страница 46: ...ries Service Guide Instr Setup Configure instrument parameters Perform self test Configure reference oscillator Clear instrument memory NISPOM secure System Setup Configure system related parameters Set screen layout Select the local language for front panel messages and help text Select how periods and commas are used in numbers displayed on the front panel Turn the display on and off Enable disa...

Страница 47: ... 1 to 10 k or Infinite Enable disable amplitude autoranging Select the waveform polarity normal or inverted Specify voltage limits on channel Specify whether the channel is to be in normal or gated mode Configure the channel for dual channel operation 33522A Configure Trigger Settings Specify the trigger source for the sweep burst or arbitrary waveform advance Specify the trigger count and delay S...

Страница 48: ...incorrect The load impedance setting is simply provided as a convenience to ensure that the displayed voltage matches the expected load 1 Press or or to open the channel configuration screen Note that the current output termination values both 50 in this case appear on the tabs at the top of the screen 2 Specify the output termination Press the Output Load softkey 3 Select the desired output termi...

Страница 49: ...et the Waveform Generator To reset the instrument to its factory default state press and then select the Store Recall and Set to Defaults softkeys For a complete listing of the instrument s power on and reset conditions see Agilent 33500 Series Factory Default Settings on page 216 ...

Страница 50: ... Select the function frequency and amplitude of the carrier Press and then press the Sine softkey Press the Frequency Amplitude and Offset softkeys to configure the carrier waveform For this example select a 5 kHz sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp with 0 V offset 2 Select AM Press and then select AM using the Type softkey Then press the Modulate softkey to turn modulation On Notice that the but...

Страница 51: ...veform For this example select a sine wave 5 Set the modulating frequency Press More and then the AM Freq softkey Set the value to 200 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys Press the Hz softkey to finish entering the number if you are using the numeric keypad At this point the waveform generator outputs an AM waveform with the specified modulation parameters ...

Страница 52: ...tween are called the carrier frequency and the hop frequency For this example you will set the carrier frequency to 3 kHz and the hop frequency to 500 Hz with an FSK rate of 100 Hz 1 Select the function frequency and amplitude of the carrier Press and then press the Sine softkey Press the Frequency Amplitude and Offset softkeys to configure the carrier waveform For this example select a 3 kHz sine...

Страница 53: ...o 500 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys If you use the numeric keypad be sure to finish the entry by pressing the Hz softkey 4 Set the FSK shift rate Press the FSK Rate softkey and then set the value to 100 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys At this point the waveform generator outputs an FSK waveform ...

Страница 54: ... width deviation or a pulse duty cycle and duty cycle deviation the deviation to be controlled by the modulating waveform For this example you will specify a pulse width and pulse width deviation for a 1 kHz pulse waveform with a 5Hz sine wave modulating waveform 1 Select the carrier waveform parameters Press and then press Pulse Use the Frequency Amplitude Offset Pulse Width and Edge Times softke...

Страница 55: ...e Type then PWM Then press the first softkey Modulate to turn modulation on Notice the status message PWM Modulated by Sine in the upper left corner of the display 3 Set the width deviation Press the Width Dev softkey and set the value to 20 s using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys ...

Страница 56: ...Shape softkey to select the shape of the modulating waveform For this example select a sine wave At this point the waveform generator outputs a PWM waveform with the specified modulation parameters if the output is enabled Of course to really view the PWM waveform you would need to output it to an oscilloscope If you do this you will see how the pulse width varies in this case from 80 to 120 s At ...

Страница 57: ...pecify You can sweep up or down in frequency and with either linear or logarithmic spacing or using a list of frequencies For this example you will output a swept sine wave from 50 Hz to 5 kHz 1 Select the function and amplitude for the sweep For sweeps you can select sine square ramp pulse triangle or PRBS waveforms arbitrary waveforms noise and DC are not allowed For this example select a sine w...

Страница 58: ...ssage at the top of the tab for the current channel The button is also illuminated 3 Set the start frequency Press the Start Freq softkey and then set the value to 50 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys 4 Set the stop frequency Press the Stop Freq softkey and then set the value to 5 kHz using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys At this point the waveform generator ou...

Страница 59: ...requency span These parameters are similar to the start frequency and stop frequency and are included to give you added flexibility To achieve the same results set the center frequency to 2 525 kHz and the frequency span to 4 950 kHz To generate a frequency sweep press twice The first press puts the trigger in manual mode and the second one sends a trigger For more information see To Trigger a Swe...

Страница 60: ...etween bursts with the internal timer or the signal level on the rear panel Ext Trig connector For this example you will output a three cycle sine wave with a 20 ms burst period 1 Select the function and amplitude for the burst For burst waveforms you can select sine square ramp pulse arbitrary waveforms triangle or PRBS Noise is allowed only in the gated burst mode and DC is not allowed For this ...

Страница 61: ...s the Burst Off On softkey Notice that a status message N Cycle Burst Trig Imm is shown in the tab of the current channel 3 Set the burst count Press the of Cycles softkey and then set the count to 3 using the numeric keypad or knob Press the Enter softkey to finish data entry if you are using the numeric keypad ...

Страница 62: ...e time from the start of one burst to the start of the next burst At this point the waveform generator outputs a continuous three cycle burst at 20 ms intervals You can generate a single burst with the specified count by pressing the key For more information see To Trigger a Sweep or Burst on page 62 You can also use the external gate signal to create gated bursts where a burst is produced while a...

Страница 63: ...al triggering initiates one sweep or outputs one burst each time you press the button Continue pressing this key to re trigger the waveform generator Timer issues one or more triggers separated in time by a fixed amount If sweep or burst is on pressing will display the trigger menu The key is illuminated when you are in the trigger menu and the waveform generator is waiting for a manual trigger Th...

Страница 64: ...te to a USB drive and then reload the state on a different instrument in order to have instruments with matching configurations 1 Select the desired storage location Press and then press the Store Recall softkey followed by the Store State softkey 2 Specify the name for the selected location Use the knob and arrows to enter the file name To add characters press the right cursor key until the curso...

Страница 65: ...om the numeric keypad 3 Store the instrument state Press the STORE STATE softkey A stored state contains the selected function frequency amplitude DC offset duty cycle symmetry as well as any modulation parameters in use The instrument does not store volatile waveforms created in the arbitrary waveform function 4 Recall the instrument state optional If at some later time you wish to restore retrie...

Страница 66: ...ections explain how to configure the remote interface from the instrument front panel Note Two CDs provided with your instrument contain connectivity software to enable communications over the remote interfaces See Connectivity Software and Product CDs on page 178 for further information on these CDs and the software they contain GPIB Configuration Option 400 You need only select a GPIB address 1 ...

Страница 67: ... address in the range 0 through 30 the factory default is 10 Press Enter when done if you are using the numeric kepad USB Configuration The USB interface requires no front panel configuration parameters Just connect the Agilent 33500 Series to your PC with the appropriate USB cable The interface will configure itself The instrument supports both USB 1 1 and USB 2 0 ...

Страница 68: ...ters that you might need to set to establish network communication using the LAN interface Primarily you will need to establish an IP address You might need to contact your network administrator for help in establishing communication with the LAN interface 1 Select the I O menu Press and then press the I O Config softkey ...

Страница 69: ...To Configure the Remote Interface 2 2 Select the LAN Settings menu Press the LAN Settings softkey You can select Modify Settings to change the LAN settings or you can turn LAN Services on and off or restore the LAN settings to default values ...

Страница 70: ...will automatically be set by DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol when you connect the instrument to the network provided the DHCP server is found and is able to do so DHCP also automatically deals with the subnet mask and gateway address if required This is typically the easiest way to establish LAN communication for your instrument All you need to do is leave DHCP on Contact your LAN adminis...

Страница 71: ...ss More to get to the Gateway configuration feature Contact your network administrator for the IP address subnet mask and gateway to use All IP addresses take the dot notation form nnn nnn nnn nnn where nnn in each case is a byte value in the range 0 through 255 You can enter a new IP address using the numeric keypad not the knob Just type in the numbers and the period delimiters using the keypad ...

Страница 72: ...ame Press the Host Name softkey and enter the host name The host name is the host portion of the domain name which is translated into an IP address The host name is entered as a string using the knob and cursor keys to select and change characters The host name may include letters numbers and dashes You can use the keypad for the numeric characters only b Set the DNS Server addresses From the LAN ...

Страница 73: ...rpreted as 16 expressed in octal and 011 as 9 To avoid confusion it is best to use only decimal expressions of byte values 0 to 255 with no leading zeros The Agilent 33500 Series assumes that all IP addresses and other dot notation addresses are expressed as decimal byte values and strips all leading zeros from these byte values Thus if you try to enter 255 255 020 011 in the IP address field it b...

Страница 74: ... You can create these waveforms by editing voltage values directly or by using any combination of up to 12 different kinds of standard waveforms The following tutorial shows you how to create and edit a basic waveform Insert Built in Waveforms 1 Start the embedded waveform editor by pressing and Arb then Arbs Press Edit New accept the default file name and then Start Editor You now have a 0 VDC wa...

Страница 75: ...OK Use the keypad and the V softkey that appears when you start typing on the keypad to set the Amplitude to 2 V then press OK The waveform now has 108 points as the D Lorentz waveform of 100 points was inserted in front of the initial 8 points 3 Suppose that you want to undo the change that you just made Press then the Undo softkey You are now back to the original 8 point 0 V waveform ...

Страница 76: ...entz waveform back press Redo Then press Done to exit 5 Now we will insert a sine wave Begin by pressing Choose Wave Make sure Sine the default is highlighted and press OK For help in understanding the various parameters on the screen press Parameter Help Then press Done to exit the help screen ...

Страница 77: ...own arrow softkeys set the Amplitude to 3 5 V the Cycles to 4 and the Points to 200 Leave all other settings at their default values and press OK 7 Notice that the first softkey Select Point is highlighted Put the marker on the 270th waveform point by using the numeric keypad to enter the number 270 and pressing Enter ...

Страница 78: ...Arbitrary Waveform 4 2 8 Press Choose Wave select Square and then press OK Set the Amplitude to 3 V the Offset to 2 V the Cycles to 8 and the Points to 100 Press OK Notice that the 8 square wave cycles have been inserted beginning at the marker Press Done ...

Страница 79: ...ing Rate to 100 Sa s Press Cycle Period and notice that it has been set to 4 08 seconds This is because you have 408 sample points in the waveform and the sample rate is 100 Sa s 2 Change the Cycle Period to 2 04 seconds and then press the Sampling Rate softkey It will now be set to 200 Sa s in order to play the 408 point waveform in 2 04 seconds ...

Страница 80: ...e Point softkey is highlighted Enter the number 160 and press Enter to move the marker 4 Press Voltage and change the voltage of the selected point to 4 2 V Press Point and change the point marker to 150 to move the marker off the point When you press Enter to finish entering point 150 you will see the 4 2 V anomaly in the wave that you just created at point 160 ...

Страница 81: ...key is set to Horizontal meaning that the zooming that we are about to do will be along the horizontal time axis Change the Zoom to 500 and the sine wave anomaly will be more obvious 2 Now set the first softkey to Vertical to zoom vertically Set the Zoom to 500 Notice that we have zoomed in on the voltage axis but we are too low to see the 4 2 V anomaly in the sine wave ...

Страница 82: ... Arbitrary Waveform 4 2 3 Press Pan and set the Pan to 3 V in order to move higher on the waveform The 4 2 V point is now clearly visible 4 To see the entire waveform again press Show All Then press Done and Done again to return to the Edit Points screen ...

Страница 83: ... Paste Points 1 Press Insert Point 15 times and watch the display carefully You will see 15 new waveform points at the same voltage level 2 Change the Point to 220 and press Remove Point 20 times watching the display carefully as you do so in order to see the points being removed from the waveform ...

Страница 84: ... a table of voltages Press Advanced Edit and then Edit Via Table Set Point to 200 and then set the Voltage for point 200 to 3 V Use the knob to move between rows and set the Voltage for points 205 and 210 to 3 V Press Done 4 Notice the three 3 V spikes that you just made in the waveform at points 200 205 and 210 ...

Страница 85: ...ste and set Marker 1 to 150 Then press the first softkey and change the Marker to Marker 2 Set Marker 2 to 300 The range defined by the markers is now highlighted in black 6 Press Copy then Paste and then At Start Notice that section you copied is now duplicated at the beginning of the waveform ...

Страница 86: ...m 4 2 7 Now press Paste and At End The same section of the waveform now also appears at the very end 8 Now press Paste and change the Point to 500 Then press OK and the same portion of the waveform will be pasted in at point 500 Press Done to leave the Cut Copy Paste menu ...

Страница 87: ...ematical operations on the waveform First you set markers to define the range of the waveform that you want to modify You can then add subtract or multiply that portion of the waveform by another waveform or you can transform the waveform in ways that do not involve other waveforms 1 Press Perform Math Set Marker 1 to 400 and Marker 2 to 500 ...

Страница 88: ...Press Add then select Haversine and OK Set the Amplitude to 3V the Offset to 0 V and press OK Notice that the highlighted section now rises in the middle as a result of the haversine addition 3 Now press Multiply and select the Sine wave press OK Set the Cycles to 2 and press OK ...

Страница 89: ...m 2 4 Now set Marker 1 to 200 and Marker 2 to 600 5 Press Advanced Math select Mirror and then OK 6 Continue learning about the interface by trying other Advanced Math features such as Invert Absolute Scale and so on Press the Operation Help for details on these features ...

Страница 90: ...3 3 Features and Functions ...

Страница 91: ...n on page 92 Pulse Waveforms on page 110 Amplitude Modulation AM on page 114 Frequency Modulation FM on page 119 Phase Modulation PM on page 125 Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation on page 130 Pulse Width Modulation PWM on page 134 Frequency Sweep on page 143 Burst Mode on page 152 Triggering on page 161 System Related Operations on page 167 Remote Interface Configuration on page 178 Calibration...

Страница 92: ...sed for SCPI command syntax for remote interface programming Square brackets indicate optional keywords or parameters Braces enclose parameters within a command string Triangle brackets enclose parameters for which you must substitute a value A vertical bar separates multiple parameter choices ...

Страница 93: ...e SOURceN keyword is not used the default instrument behavior is to direct the command to Channel 1 For example the command VOLT 2 5 will set the output voltage on Channel 1 to 2 5 volts The command SOUR2 VOLT 1 414 will set the output voltage on channel 2 to 1 414 volts Output Function The waveform generator can output eight standard waveforms sine square ramp pulse triangle gaussian noise PRBS p...

Страница 94: ...you change to a function whose maximum amplitude is less than that of the current function the amplitude is automatically adjusted to the maximum value for the new function This may occur when the output units are Vrms or dBm due to the differences in crest factor for the various output functions For example if you output a 5 Vrms square wave into 50 ohms and then change to the sine wave function ...

Страница 95: ...form choices press to see the first page of the list and then press the More softkey to see the rest of the list For example to specify a DC signal from the front panel press then More and DC Enter the Offset with the knob or keypad and if you use the keypad press mV or V to finish entering the value Then press or or and make sure the Output softkey is ON Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINuso...

Страница 96: ...t for ramps and triangles Burst Limitation For internally triggered bursts the minimum frequency is 126 Hz Duty Cycle Limitations For Square and Pulse Duty Cycle is limited by the 16 ns minimum pulse width specification For example at 1 kHz Duty Cycle may be adjusted as low as 0 01 because that would result in a pulse width of 100 ns However at 1 MHz the minimum Duty Cycle is 1 6 and at 10 MHz it ...

Страница 97: ...dance load Vpp 2 Vmax Voffset Limits Due to Output Termination If you change the output termination setting the displayed output amplitude will be adjusted to reflect the new setting but the actual amplitude of the output signal will not be changed For example if you set the amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change the output termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the amplitude displayed on the wav...

Страница 98: ... you can disable the voltage autoranging feature as described on page 105 You can also set the amplitude and offset voltage by specifying a high level and low level For example if you set the high level to 2 volts and the low level to 3 volts the resulting amplitude is 5 Vpp with an offset voltage of 500 mV For a DC signal the output level is actually controlled by setting the offset voltage You c...

Страница 99: ...ing 5 V into 50 load or 10 V into a high impedance load Vmax is the maximum peak voltage for the selected output termination 5 V for a 50 Ω load or 10 V for a high impedance load Voffset Vmax Vpp 2 If the specified offset voltage is not valid the waveform generator will automatically adjust it to the maximum DC voltage allowed with the amplitude specified Limits Due to Output Termination The offse...

Страница 100: ...he offset voltage You can set the DC level to any value between 5 VDC into 50 ohms or 10 VDC into an open circuit Front Panel Operation To select a DC signal from the front panel press then More and DC Enter the Offset with the knob or keypad and if you use the keypad press mV or V to finish entering the value Then press or or and make sure the Output softkey is ON Remote Interface Operation SOURc...

Страница 101: ... remote interface the units are displayed as VRMS on the front panel The output units for amplitude cannot be set to dBm if the output termination is currently set to high impedance This is because calculating dBm requires a finite load impedance In this case the units are automatically converted to Vpp Front Panel Operation Use the numeric keypad to enter the desired magnitude and then press the ...

Страница 102: ... offset will be 200 mVDC If you change the output termination setting the displayed output amplitude and offset levels are automatically adjusted no error will be generated For example if you set the amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change the output termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the amplitude displayed on the waveform generator s front panel will double to 20 Vpp If you change from high ...

Страница 103: ...3 Front Panel Operation Press or or and select the Output Load softkey Then press Set To 50 Set To High Z or Load If you select Load use the knob or numeric keypad to select the impedance Remote Interface Operation OUTPut 1 2 LOAD ohms INFinity MINimum MAXimum ...

Страница 104: ...etting is remembered when you change from square wave to another function The duty cycle setting does not apply to a square waveform used as the modulating waveform for AM FM PM or PWM A 50 duty cycle is always used for a modulating square waveform The duty cycle setting applies only to a square waveform carrier Front Panel Operation After selecting the square wave function press the Duty Cycle so...

Страница 105: ...to the ramp waveform the previous symmetry value is used If you select a ramp waveform as the modulating waveform for AM FM PM or PWM the symmetry setting does not apply Front Panel Operation After selecting the ramp function press the Symmetry softkey Then press the 100 50 or 0 softkey or press Symmetry and use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired symmetry If you use the numeric keypad...

Страница 106: ...anging on Some instrument specifications do not apply with autoranging off Front Panel Operation Press or or and press the Range softkey again to toggle between the Auto and Hold selections Remote Interface Operation VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON ONCE The APPLy command overrides the voltage autorange setting and automatically enables autoranging Output Control You can disable or enable the front panel...

Страница 107: ...mode the waveform goes negative during the first part of the cycle As shown in the examples below the waveform is inverted relative to the offset voltage Any offset voltage present will remain unchanged when the waveform is inverted When a waveform is inverted the Sync signal associated with the waveform is not inverted Front Panel Operation Press or or and then press Polarity to toggle between th...

Страница 108: ... is not inverted The Sync signal setting is overridden by the setting of the marker used with the sweep mode see page 148 Therefore when the marker is enabled and the sweep mode is also enabled the Sync signal setting is ignored For sine pulse ramp square and triangle waveforms the Sync signal is a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle The Sync signal is high in the first half of the cycle and low ...

Страница 109: ...OLarity INVerted NORMal For FSK the Sync signal is referenced to the hop frequency The Sync signal is a TTL high on the transition to the hop frequency For frequency sweeps with Marker Off the Sync signal is a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle for the duration of the sweep The Sync signal is a TTL high at the beginning of the sweep and goes low at the midpoint of the sweep The Sync signal is sy...

Страница 110: ... a continuous waveform For an externally gated burst the Sync signal follows the external gate signal However the signal will not go to a TTL low until the end of the last cycle may not be the zero crossing point if the waveform has an associated start phase Front Panel Operation Press and press the Sync softkey again to toggle between Off and On You can also press Sync Setup to configure Sync Rem...

Страница 111: ...cy The waveform generator will adjust the pulse width and edge time as needed to accommodate the specified period Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press then the Frequency Period softkey to toggle to Period Then press then Period Use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired pulse period Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FUNCtion PULSe PERiod seconds MINimum MAXim...

Страница 112: ...an the difference between the period and the minimum pulse width as shown below The waveform generator will adjust the pulse width as needed to accommodate the specified period Pulse Width Period 16 ns The waveform generator will automatically adjust the pulse width as needed to accommodate the specified period Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press the Pulse Width softkey ...

Страница 113: ...period Duty Cycle 100 16 ns Period and Duty Cycle 100 1 16 ns Period The specified pulse duty cycle must conform to the following restriction determined by the edge time The waveform generator will adjust the pulse duty cycle as needed to accommodate the specified period To achieve edges 8 4 ns the pulse width must be at least 20 ns The longer the edges the greater the minimum pulse width Longer e...

Страница 114: ...e specified edge time must fit within the specified pulse width as shown below The waveform generator will adjust the edge time as needed to accommodate the specified pulse width Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press the Edge Times softkey Then use the Lead Edge and Trail Edge softkeys followed by the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired edge times Remote Interface ...

Страница 115: ...ny previous modulation mode is turned off The two channel 33522A can combine the modulated waveforms from two channels together by adding them see the COMBine command in the Agilent 33500 Series Programmer s Reference Help for details The modulation on each channel is independent of the modulation on the other channel See the PHASe SYNChronize command in the Agilent 33500 Series Programmer s Refer...

Страница 116: ... single command Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function selected as shown below The default is 1 kHz for all functions Arbitrary waveform frequency is also set using the FUNCtion ARBitrary SRATe command Front Panel Operation To set the carrier frequency press the button then the Frequency softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Rem...

Страница 117: ...n noise PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence polynomial PN7 Arb Arbitrary waveform Front Panel Operation After enabling AM press the Shape softkey Remote Interface Operation AM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare PULSe RAMP NRAMp TRIangle NOISe PRBS ARB Modulating Waveform Frequency The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for AM Modulating frequency internal source va...

Страница 118: ...ult is 100 Even at greater than 100 depth the waveform generator will not exceed 5 V peak on the output into a 50 Ω load To achieve modulation depth greater than 100 output carrier amplitude may be reduced Front Panel Operation After enabling AM press the AM Depth softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the depth Remote Interface Operation AM DEPTh depth_in_percent MINimum MAXimum Dou...

Страница 119: ...odulation depth is controlled by the 5 V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the modulation depth to 100 then when the modulating signal is at 5 volts the output will be at the maximum amplitude When the modulating signal is at 5 volts then the output will be at the minimum amplitude The external modulation input has 3 dB bandwidth of 100 kHz ...

Страница 120: ...e enabled at a time When you enable FM the previous modulation mode is turned off The waveform generator will not allow FM to be enabled when sweep or burst is enabled When you enable FM the sweep or burst mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must select FM before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press and then select FM using the Type softkey The FM waveform is output usi...

Страница 121: ...amp DnRamp or Noise You cannot use arbitrary waveform or DC as the carrier waveform Front Panel Operation Press and select any waveform except Noise Arb or DC Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP PULSe PRBS NOISe ARB You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command ...

Страница 122: ...y for the selected waveform plus 100 kHz 30 1 MHz for sine and square and 300 kHZ for ramp If you attempt to set the deviation to an invalid value the waveform generator will automatically adjust it to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency Front Panel Operation To set the carrier frequency press the Frequency softkey under for the selected function Then use the knob or numer...

Страница 123: ...oise or PRBS Square has 50 duty cycle UpRamp has 100 symmetry Triangle has 50 symmetry DnRamp has 0 symmetry Noise white gaussian noise PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence polynomial PN7 You can use noise as the modulating waveshape but you cannot use noise arbitrary waveforms or DC as the carrier waveform Front Panel Operation After selecting FM press the Shape softkey Remote Interface Operation FM I...

Страница 124: ...equency must always be greater than or equal to the deviation If you attempt to set the deviation to a value greater than the carrier frequency with FM enabled the waveform generator will limit the deviation to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency The sum of the carrier frequency and deviation must be less than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected function plu...

Страница 125: ...deviation is controlled by the 5 V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the deviation to 10 kHz then a 5 V signal level corresponds to a 10 kHz increase in frequency Lower external signal levels produce less deviation and negative signal levels reduce the frequency below the carrier frequency The external modulation input has 3 dB bandwidth of ...

Страница 126: ...on mode to be enabled at a time When you enable PM the previous modulation mode is turned off The waveform generator will not allow PM to be enabled when sweep or burst is enabled When you enable PM the sweep or burst mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must select PM before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press and then select PM using the Type softkey The PM waveform i...

Страница 127: ...le command Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function selected as shown below Carrier frequency must be greater than 20 times the peak modulation frequency The default is 1 kHz for all functions Front Panel Operation To set the carrier frequency press the Frequency softkey for the selected function Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Remo...

Страница 128: ...se or PRBS Square has 50 duty cycle UpRamp has 100 symmetry Triangle has 50 symmetry DnRamp has 0 symmetry Noise white gaussian noise PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence polynomial PN7 You can use noise as the modulating waveshape but you cannot use noise arbitrary waveforms or DC as the carrier waveform Front Panel Operation After enabling PM press the Shape softkey Remote Interface Operation PM INTe...

Страница 129: ...nabling PM press the PM Freq softkey Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 PM INTernal FREQuency frequency MINimum MAXimum Phase Deviation The phase deviation setting represents the peak variation in phase of the modulated waveform from the carrier waveform The phase deviation can be set from 0 to 360 degrees The default is 180 degrees Front Panel Operation After enabling PM press Phase Dev Then u...

Страница 130: ...he carrier waveform is modulated with an external waveform The phase deviation is controlled by the 5 V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the deviation to 180 degrees then a 5 V signal level corresponds to a 180 degree phase shift Lower external signal levels produce less deviation Front Panel Operation After enabling PM press the Source sof...

Страница 131: ...torial To Select FSK Modulation The waveform generator will allow only one modulation mode to be enabled at a time When you enable FSK the previous modulation mode is turned off The waveform generator will not allow FSK to be enabled when sweep or burst is enabled When you enable FSK the sweep or burst mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must enable FSK before setting up any of the other ...

Страница 132: ... present the carrier frequency is output When a logic high level is present the hop frequency is output Front Panel Operation To set the carrier frequency press the Freq softkey for the selected function Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FREQuency frequency MINimum MAXimum You can also use the APPLy command to select the functi...

Страница 133: ... level on the rear panel Ext Trig connector When a logic low level is present the carrier frequency is output When a logic high level is present the hop frequency is output Front Panel Operation To set the hop frequency press the Hop Freq softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FSKey FREQuency frequency MINimum MAXimum Functi...

Страница 134: ...ource is selected the rate at which the output frequency shifts between the carrier frequency and hop frequency is determined by the FSK rate specified When the External source is selected the output frequency is determined by the signal level on the rear panel Ext Trig connector When a logic low level is present the carrier frequency is output When a logic high level is present the hop frequency ...

Страница 135: ...apter 5 Tutorial To Select PWM Modulation The waveform generator only allows PWM to be selected for a pulse waveform The waveform generator will not allow PWM to be enabled when sweep or burst is enabled Front Panel Operation You must enable PWM before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press select Pulse and then press and Modulate to turn on modulation PWM is selected as the only ...

Страница 136: ...Noise or PRBS Square has 50 duty cycle UpRamp has 100 symmetry Triangle has 50 symmetry DnRamp has 0 symmetry Noise white gaussian noise PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence polynomial PN7 You can use noise as the modulating waveshape but you cannot use noise arbitrary waveforms or DC as the carrier waveform Front Panel Operation After enabling PWM press the Shape softkey Remote Interface Operation PWM...

Страница 137: ... enabling PM press the PWM Freq softkey Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 PWM INTernal FREQuency frequency MINimum MAXimum Phase Deviation The phase deviation setting represents the peak variation in phase of the modulated waveform from the carrier waveform The phase deviation can be set from 0 to 360 degrees The default is 180 degrees Front Panel Operation After enabling PWM press Phase Dev T...

Страница 138: ...e the carrier waveform is modulated with an external waveform The phase deviation is controlled by the 5 V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the deviation to 180 degrees then a 5 V signal level corresponds to a 180 degree phase shift Lower external signal levels produce less deviation Front Panel Operation After enabling PM press the Source ...

Страница 139: ...quency amplitude and offset with a single command Pulse Period The range for the pulse period is 33 ns to 1 000 000 s The default is 100 s Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press and the Frequency Period softkey to toggle to the Period setting Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired pulse period If you use the numeric keypad press a softkey to specify the un...

Страница 140: ...a modulating signal to be added to the carrier as a percentage of the carrier waveform amplitude in resolution of 0 01 The waveform generator will allow Sum modulation to be added to any carrier waveform Front Panel Operation You must enable Sum before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press then select Square Press and then press Type and Sum At this point you can specify the othe...

Страница 141: ...try DnRamp has 0 symmetry PRBS uses PN7 sequence Front Panel Operation After enabling Sum press the Shape softkey Remote Interface Operation SUM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare PULSe RAMP NRAMp TRIangle NOISe PRBS Modulating Waveform Frequency The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for Sum Modulating frequency internal source 1 Hz to 30 MHz The default is 10...

Страница 142: ... Amplitude setting 0 to 100 of carrier amplitude 0 01 resolution The Sum Amplitude setting remains a constant fraction of the carrier amplitude and tracks carrier amplitude changes Front Panel Operation After selecting Sum press the Sum Ampl softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired amplitude Remote Interface Operation SUM AMPLitude amplitude MINimum MAXimum ...

Страница 143: ...eform The amplitude is controlled by the 5 V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the sum amplitude to 10 then when the modulating signal is at 5 V the output will be at the maximum amplitude 110 of carrier amplitude When the modulating signal is at 5 volts the output will be at the minimum amplitude 90 of Carrier amplitude Front Panel Operatio...

Страница 144: ...he sweep remains at the stop frequency You can also specify a return time during which the frequency changes linearly from the stop frequency to the start frequency For more information on the fundamentals of a sweep refer to chapter 5 Tutorial To Select Sweep The waveform generator will not allow the sweep mode to be enabled at the same time that burst or any modulation mode is enabled When you e...

Страница 145: ...equency set the start frequency less than the stop frequency To sweep down in frequency set the start frequency greater than the stop frequency When the Sync setting is set to Normal the sync pulse does high during the whole sweep When the Sync setting is set to Carrier the sync pulse has a 50 duty cycle for every waveform cycle When the Sync setting is set to Marker the sync pulse goes high at th...

Страница 146: ... span For sweeps with Marker Off the Sync signal is a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle The Sync signal is a TTL high at the beginning of the sweep and goes low at the midpoint of the sweep The frequency of the sync waveform is equal to the specified sweep time The signal is output from the front panel Sync connector For sweeps with Marker On the Sync signal is a TTL high at the beginning of th...

Страница 147: ...peration After enabling sweeps press the Linear softkey again to toggle between the linear or log mode Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 SWEep SPACing LINear LOGarithmic Sweep Time The sweep time specifies the number of seconds required to sweep from the start frequency to the stop frequency The number of discrete frequency points in the sweep is automatically calculated by the waveform genera...

Страница 148: ... or numeric keypad to enter the desired sweep time Remote Interface Operation SWEep HTIMe seconds MINimum MAXimum Return Time The return time specifies the number of seconds to return from the stop frequency to the start frequency The number of discrete frequency points in the return is automatically calculated by the waveform generator and is based on the return time you select Hold time 0 to 360...

Страница 149: ...ou attempt to set the marker frequency to a frequency not in this range the waveform generator will automatically set the marker frequency equal to the start frequency or stop frequency whichever is closer The Sync enable setting is overridden by enabling the marker used with the sweep mode see page 107 Therefore when the marker is enabled and the sweep mode is also enabled the Sync setting is ign...

Страница 150: ...m generator initiates one sweep each time Ext Trig receives a TTL pulse with the specified polarity The trigger period must be greater than or equal to the specified sweep time When the Manual source is selected the waveform generator outputs one sweep each time the front panel key is pressed Front Panel Operation Press then the Trigger Setup softkey Press Trg Src and then select the desired sourc...

Страница 151: ...to the specified total sweep time When the External trigger source is selected the waveform generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The Trig Out connector cannot be used for both operations at the same time an externally triggered waveform uses the same connector to trigger the sweep When the Manual trigger source is selected the waveform generator outputs a pulse 1 µs pulse width ...

Страница 152: ... or modulation mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must enable list before setting up any of the other list parameters Press the Type then List to begin setting up a list This will open the menu shown below Remote Interface Operation To avoid multiple waveform changes enable the list mode after you have set up its parameters FREQuency MODE LIST LIST FREQuency number number Progress throug...

Страница 153: ...mode refer to chapter 5 Tutorial To Select Burst The waveform generator will not allow burst to be enabled at the same time that sweep or any modulation mode is enabled When you enable burst the sweep list or modulation mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must enable burst before setting up any of the other burst parameters Press Burst On Off to output a burst using the present settings f...

Страница 154: ...remote interface External Gated Burst Mode In this mode the output waveform is either on or off based on the level of the external signal applied to the rear panel Ext Trig connector When the gate signal is true the waveform generator outputs a continuous waveform When the gate signal goes false the current waveform cycle is completed and then the waveform generator stops while remaining at the vo...

Страница 155: ...be generated When the gated mode is selected you can also select the polarity of the signal on the rear panel Ext Trig connector Front Panel Operation After enabling bursts press the N Cycle triggered or Gated softkey Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 BURSt MODE TRIGgered GATed Use the following command to select the polarity of the external gate signal on the Ext Trig connector The default is...

Страница 156: ...n bursts triggered mode only Waveform frequency 1 Hz to 30 MHz limited to 200 kHz for ramps The default waveform frequency is 1 kHz For an internally triggered burst waveform the minimum frequency is 126 Hz You can select a sine square triangle ramp pulse or arbitrary waveform noise is allowed only in the gated burst mode and DC is not allowed Front Panel Operation To set the waveform frequency pr...

Страница 157: ...and the waveform frequency as shown below Burst Period Burst Count Waveform Frequency 1 sec The waveform generator will automatically increase the burst period up to its maximum value to accommodate the specified burst count but the waveform frequency will not be changed When the gated burst mode is selected the burst count is ignored However if you change the burst count from the remote interface...

Страница 158: ...g is enabled The burst period is ignored when manual or external triggering is enabled or when the gated burst mode is selected It is not possible to specify a burst period which is too short for the waveform generator to output with the specified burst count and frequency see below If the burst period is too short the waveform generator will automatically adjust it as needed to continuously re tr...

Страница 159: ...rts the phase to degrees For sine square and ramp waveforms 0 degrees is the point at which the waveform crosses zero volts or the DC offset value in a positive going direction For arbitrary waveforms 0 degrees is the first waveform point downloaded to memory The burst phase has no effect on noise waveforms The burst phase is also used in the gated burst mode When the gate signal goes false the cu...

Страница 160: ...g connector The waveform generator outputs the specified number of cycles each time Ext Trig receives a TTL pulse with the specified polarity External trigger signals that occur during a burst are ignored When the Manual source is selected the waveform generator outputs one burst each time the front panel key is pressed or the TRG command is issued When the External or Manual trigger source is sel...

Страница 161: ...te trigger source is selected the waveform generator outputs a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle from the Trig Out connector at the beginning of the burst The frequency of the waveform is equal to the specified burst period When the External trigger source is selected the waveform generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The Trig Out connector cannot be used for both operations a...

Страница 162: ... falling edge of the external trigger signal Manual triggering initiates one sweep or outputs one burst each time you press on the front panel Continue pressing this key to re trigger the waveform generator When you are sweepeing a list moves the waveform to the next frequency in the list The key is disabled when in remote and when a function other than burst or sweep is currently selected Trigger...

Страница 163: ...rm generator continuously outputs the sweep or burst as specified by the sweep time or burst period This is the default trigger source for both front panel and remote interface use Front Panel Operation Press and then press Trg Src and select Immed Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce IMMediate Manual Triggering In the manual trigger mode front panel only you can manually trigger the waveform...

Страница 164: ...wing page Front Panel Operation The external trigger mode is like the manual trigger mode except that you apply the trigger to the Ext Trig connector To select the external source press and then Trg Src and Ext To specify whether the waveform generator triggers on the rising or falling edge press the Trigger Setup softkey and select the desired edge direction by pressing Slope Remote Interface Ope...

Страница 165: ...a bus trigger command is received The key blinks when a bus trigger command is received To select the bus trigger source send the following command TRIGger SOURce BUS To trigger the waveform generator from the remote interface GPIB USB or LAN when the Bus source selected send the TRIG or TRG trigger command The front panel key is illuminated when the waveform generator is waiting for a bus trigger...

Страница 166: ...logic high level is present the hop frequency is output The maximum external FSK rate is 100 kHz Triggered Burst Mode To select the external source press the Trigger Setup softkey and then select the Source Ext softkey or execute the TRIG SOUR EXT command from the remote interface burst must be enabled The waveform generator outputs a waveform with a specified number of cycles burst count each tim...

Страница 167: ...urst The period of the waveform is equal to the specified sweep time or burst period When the External trigger source is selected the waveform generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The Trig Out connector cannot be used for both operations at the same time an externally triggered waveform uses the same connector to trigger the sweep or burst When the Bus software or manual trigger...

Страница 168: ...from these locations with RCL If you choose to use SAV and RCL you can use the special storage location 0 to store a fifth instrument state you cannot store to this location from the front panel However note that location 0 is automatically overwritten when power is cycled the instrument state previously stored will be overwritten Regardless of which method you use the state storage feature rememb...

Страница 169: ...e state file will be automatically created with the sta extension To recall a preciously saved state file press Recall State Use the knob and arrows to browse to the desired file note that the right arrow expands a folder Then press Select To delete a stored state select the Delete State softkey use the browser to select the sta file and then press Select To configure the waveform generator to rec...

Страница 170: ...t error is replaced with Queue overflow No additional errors are stored until you remove errors from the queue If no errors have occurred when you read the error queue the waveform generator responds with No errors in queue The error queue is cleared by the CLS clear status command or when the power is cycled The errors are also cleared when you read the error queue The error queue is not cleared ...

Страница 171: ...r turn the knob Front Panel Operation Press then System Setup User Settings and Beeper Remote Interface Operation SYSTem BEEPer Issue a single beep immediately SYSTem BEEPer STATe OFF ON Disable enable beeper Display Screen Saver The front panel display backlight will normally turn off and the screen will go blank after 8 hours of inactivity For certain applications you may want to disable the scr...

Страница 172: ...htness 10 to 100 default The contrast setting is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Front Panel Operation Press then System Setup User Settings Display Options and Brightness Date and Time You can set the date and time on your instrument Front Panel Operation Press then System Setup then Date Time Remote Interface Operation S...

Страница 173: ...moves all of the files within the folder so be sure that you want to delete all of the files within the folder The most important softkey is the Action softkey which allows you to specify what action you wish to perform Once you have chosen the action that you wish to perform press Browse to select the file to manage Once you are completely prepared to execute the task press the Perform softkey Re...

Страница 174: ...plete self test is successful Self Test Passed is displayed on the front panel If the self test fails Self Test Failed is displayed and an error number is shown Also one or more errors are logged to the system error queue See the Agilent 33500 Series Service Guide for instructions on returning the instrument to Agilent for service Front Panel Operation Press and then select Instr Setup and Self Te...

Страница 175: ...a message even if the display is currently disabled The display is automatically enabled when power is cycled after an instrument reset RST command or when you return to local front panel operation Press the key or execute the IEEE 488 GTL Go To Local command from the remote interface to return to the local state The display state is saved when you store the instrument state using SAV command When...

Страница 176: ... following command DISP TEXT CLEAR Number Format The waveform generator can show numbers on the front panel display with periods or commas for the decimal point and digits separator This feature is available from the front panel only The number format is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset When shipped from the factory a perio...

Страница 177: ...har Serial Number A aa B bb C cc DD EE SCPI Language Version Query The waveform generator complies with the rules and conventions of the present version of SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments You can determine the SCPI version with which the instrument is in compliance by sending a query from the remote interface You cannot query the SCPI version from the front panel Remote Interfa...

Страница 178: ...as an optional feature option 002 for extended waveform memory Install the license for this option as follows 1 Install the license file onto a USB drive and insert the USB drive into the instrument s front panel 2 Press then System Setup then Install License 3 Use the knob and arrows to select the file under External then press Enter ...

Страница 179: ...a GPIB cable USB Interface There is nothing to configure on your waveform generator Just connect the waveform generator to the PC with a USB cable LAN Interface By default DHCP is On which may enable network communication over the LAN interface You may need to set several configuration parameters as described in the LAN configuration sections that follow Connectivity Software and Product CDs The A...

Страница 180: ...ADDRess SYSTem COMMunicate ENABle state GPIB SYSTem COMMunicate ENABle GPIB LAN Configuration The following sections describe the primary LAN configuration functions that you can set from the 33500 Series front panel Utility menu SCPI commands are listed where applicable In addition there are some LAN configuration functions that can be performed only by using the SCPI commands For a complete list...

Страница 181: ...t softkey to read DHCP to use DHCP to automatically assign an IP address The DHCP setting is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Front panel operation Press and press the I O Config softkey Then press LAN Settings and Modify Settings Finally toggle the first softkey to read DHCP to use DHCP to automatically assign an IP addres...

Страница 182: ... Manual and press IP Address to enter a new IP address Enter the desired address Remote interface operation SYSTem COMMunicate LAN IPADdress address SYSTem COMMunicate LAN IPADdress More About Dot Notation Dot notation addresses nnn nnn nnn nnn where nnn is a byte value must be expressed with care as most web software on the PC will interpret byte values with leading zeros as octal numbers For exa...

Страница 183: ...t Mask to enter a new subnet mask Enter the appropriate mask for example 255 255 0 0 Remote interface operation SYSTem COMMunicate LAN SMASk mask Default Gateway LAN A gateway is a network device that provides a connection between networks The default gateway setting is the IP address of such a device You need not set a gateway address if DHCP or Auto IP is in use Contact your network administrato...

Страница 184: ...n the name can be an upper or lower case letter a numeric digit or a dash Use the knob to select each character Use the cursor key to move to the next character You can use the keypad for numbers but the host name cannot start with a number The host name is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Front panel operation Press and pr...

Страница 185: ...ly DHCP discovers the DNS address information so you only need to change this if DHCP is not functional or not in use Contact your network administrator to find out whether DNS is being used and for the correct DNS server address Enter the address using the numeric keypad or knob The DNS server address is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote i...

Страница 186: ...play is static It does not update information for events that have occurred after the information is displayed For example if DHCP assigns an IP address while the display is open you will not see the new IP address If the instrument goes into remote all LAN changes will be canceled and the display will go to a different screen Re selecting the LAN Settings page will display the new settings if a L...

Страница 187: ...achine JVM 2 Establish LAN interface connectivity from your PC to the 33500 Series 3 Open your PC s Internet Explorer 4 To launch the web interface enter the IP address of the instrument or its fully qualified host name in the browser address field 5 Follow the directions in the web interface s online help USB Configuration There are no USB configuration parameters to configure You can retrieve th...

Страница 188: ...el or over the remote interface To align the phase of two Series 33500 instruments you can use a dual channel oscilloscope to compare the output signals 1 Connect two 33500 Series instruments with 10 MHz Out connected to 10 MHz In The instrument with the more precise timebase should be used as the source of the 10 MHz reference out 2 Connect the outputs of the waveform generators to the scope chan...

Страница 189: ...tor use the Adjust Phase feature to adjust the phase of the second waveform generator to align the output signals You can use the Set 0 Phase feature to set a new zero phase reference point with the two waveform generators now aligned Front Panel Operation Press or or Then press Phase and set the phase angle using the numeric keypad or knob Once aligned set the 0 phase Remote Interface Operation U...

Страница 190: ...Features and Functions External Timebase Reference 3 See Application Note 1426 How to Connect Two or More Signal Generators to Create a Multi Channel Waveform Generator provides additional information on this subject ...

Страница 191: ...red Before you can perform a calibration you must unsecure the waveform generator by entering the correct security code The security code is set to AT33520A when the waveform generator is shipped from the factory The security code is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The security code may contain up to 12 alphanumeric charac...

Страница 192: ...nd select Unlock Cal Remote Interface Operation To unsecure the waveform generator send the following command with the correct security code CAL SECURE STATE OFF AT33520A To Secure Against Calibration You can secure the waveform generator either from the front panel or over the remote interface The waveform generator is secured when shipped from the factory and the security code is set to AT33520A...

Страница 193: ...g the old security code Then enter the new code as shown below CAL SECURE STATE OFF AT33520A Unsecure with old code CAL SECURE CODE NEWCALCODE Enter new code Calibration Count You can query the waveform generator to determine how many calibrations have been performed Your waveform generator was calibrated before it left the factory When you receive your waveform generator be sure to read the count...

Страница 194: ... generator is unsecured You can read the message from either the front panel or over the remote interface You can read the calibration message whether the waveform generator is secured or unsecured The calibration message may contain up to 40 characters additional characters are truncated Storing a calibration message will overwrite any message previously stored in memory The calibration message i...

Страница 195: ... 11 different kinds of standard waveforms The embedded waveform editor is described in the following sections Standard Waveforms on page 194 Basic Waveform Editing on page 198 Advanced Edit on page 202 Advanced Math on page 206 Utility Menu on page 213 Standard Waveforms The embedded waveform editor includes the following 11 waveforms Sine A basic sine wave y sin x Square A basic square wave that ...

Страница 196: ...n y sin x x D Lorentz The derivative of the Lorentz function The Lorentz function is y 1 x 1 The D Lorentz function therefore is y 2x x 1 Gaussian A waveform representing a gaussian bell curve Expo Fall An exponential decay y e kx Expo Rise An exponential rise y 1 e kx Haversine The haversine function y 1 cos x 2 ...

Страница 197: ...les The number of complete output cycles that the waveform includes Specified as a positive integer and limited by the fact that each cycle must have at least 8 points Points The number of points that the waveform includes Specified as an integer from 8 to 1 000 000 default 100 Option 002 supports up to 16 000 000 points Because a cycle must have at least 8 waveform points the number of points div...

Страница 198: ...f data points in one cycle default 10 Symmetry Ramp only The percentage of time per cycle period that the ramp is rising Specified as a decimal number from 0 to 100 default 100 Zero Crossing Sinc only The number of times the waveform crosses the horizontal axis on one side of the waveform Specified as an integer from 0 to 100 default 100 Duty Cycle Square only The percentage of the time per cycle ...

Страница 199: ...appears Note that the same menu that contains the Edit New softkey also contains an Import CSV softkey You can use this to import ASCII files from oscilloscopes and other common instruments Edit Points allows you to edit the voltage values of individual points in the waveform You can also insert and remove points in the waveform and you can access the Advanced Edit features which are described bel...

Страница 200: ...form is played You can specify this value as a rate or as a period If you change one the other will recalculate based on the number of points in the waveform This feature also allows you to specify whether the waveform is labeled with units of time or points along the horizontal axis Insert Built In allows you to insert one of 11 pre defined waveforms into the current waveform ...

Страница 201: ...form is to be inserted and the Choose Wave softkey allows you to specify which one of the 11 waveform types is to be inserted Once you have used the arrow keys to select the waveform to insert and pressed OK the instrument displays the parameters for the waveform to be inserted Specify the parameters and press OK ...

Страница 202: ...nt waveform at its current location in the instrument s internal memory Exit Editor closes the embedded waveform editor and resumes normal front panel operation If you have unsaved changes the instrument produces a warning message and gives you the option of staying in the embedded waveform editor ...

Страница 203: ... cut copy and paste portions of the waveform edit waveform points in a table and perform mathematical operations on the waveform Cut Copy Paste allows you to define a range of the waveform between two markers and then cut or copy the waveform points defined by the markers Once you have cut or copied the range you can paste it as many times as desired by using the Paste softkey ...

Страница 204: ... the waveform the end of the waveform or any point within the waveform Edit Via Table allows you to edit the voltage values of individual points in a table You can use the knob to scroll through the table or you can use the Point softkey to directly select any particular point You can also insert or remove waveform points ...

Страница 205: ...ou to use markers to specify a range of the waveform You can then add subtract or multiply the voltage values in that range by the voltage values in another waveform Once you have pressed Add Subtract or Multiply the instrument displays a list of waveforms Pick the waveform and press OK ...

Страница 206: ...form Editor 3 When you press OK the instrument displays a list of parameters that you can use to specify the waveform You can also use the From Point and To Point parameters to specify the range of points on which to perform the mathematical operation ...

Страница 207: ...tions on the waveform To open Advanced Math from the embedded waveform editor press Edit Points Advanced Edit Perform Math and Advanced Math The Advanced Math menu will open with the following screen Each of the operations shown below will be described below using images taken before and after each operation to demonstrate the operations effects ...

Страница 208: ...207 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor 3 Invert reflects the waveform across the horizontal axis Image Before Operation Image After Operation ...

Страница 209: ...208 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor 3 Absolute replaces all negative waveform values with their positive equivalents Image Before Operation Image After Operation ...

Страница 210: ...209 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor 3 Mirror reverses order of the points in the range Image Before Operation Image After Operation ...

Страница 211: ...edded Waveform Editor 3 Scale allows you to use amplitude and offset to scale the waveform between the points In this example the amplitude scale was set to 180 and the offset scale was set to 1 V Image Before Operation Image After Operation ...

Страница 212: ...you to specify upper and lower limits on the waveform and changes voltage values outside those limits to be equal to the limits In this example the waveform was clipped to stay within the 400 mV lower limit and the 700 mV upper limit Image Before Operation Image After Operation ...

Страница 213: ...tures and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor 3 Trim allows you to use markers to crop the waveform so that only the points defined by the marker range remain in the waveform Image Before Operation Image After Operation ...

Страница 214: ...ty features by pressing from within the embedded waveform editor Undo allows you to undo recent operations The number of operations depends on the amount of available memory and the size of the undo operation Redo allows you to redo undone tasks subject to the same limitations of memory and operation size ...

Страница 215: ...ically using a zoom factor specified as a percentage You can also pan move the image either horizontally or vertically in order to view a particular area of the waveform Pan horizontally by specifying a point and pan vertically by specifying a voltage Show All resets the horizontal and vertical scale to display the entire waveform ...

Страница 216: ...zes the factory default settings for the Agilent 33500 Series For your convenience this table is duplicated inside the rear cover of this manual and on the Quick Reference Card Note The power on state will be different than that in the table if you have enabled the power down recall mode See Instrument State Storage on page 167 ...

Страница 217: ...tate System Related Operations Power Down Recall Display Mode Error Queue Stored States Stored Arbs Output State Triggering Operations Trigger Source Remote Interface Configuration GPIB Address DHCP Auto IP IP Address Subnet Mask Default Gateway DNS Server Host Name Domain Name Calibration Calibration State Factory Setting Sine wave 1 kHz 100 mVpp 0 VDC Vpp 50 On Factory Setting 1 kHz Sine wave 1 ...

Страница 218: ...4 4 Application Programs ...

Страница 219: ... shipped with the waveform generator These files are located under the Programming Examples link on the CD If you want to modify the example programs or write your own programs and compile them you will need to install the Agilent IO Libraries Suite software You can install this software from the Agilent E2094 Automation Ready CD ROM that is also provided with the 33500 Series You may have previou...

Страница 220: ...e Set Fgen New VisaComLib FormattedIO488 to create the actual object The programs listed in this chapter are protected by copyright Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies Inc You have a royalty free right to use modify reproduce and distribute the Sample Application Files and or any modified version in any way you find useful provided that you agree that Agilent has no warranty obligations or liabili...

Страница 221: ...l 1 of a 33500 Series instrument with the following signal characteristics Wave Shape Sine Frequency 1000 Hz Amplitude 2 Volt Peak to Peak Offset 0 Volt Output Impedence 50 Ohm Channel1 Output Enabled Private Sub Command1_Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mfIo As VisaComLib FormattedIO488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCls Set mfIo New FormattedIO488 Set mfIo IO io_mgr Open Text1 ...

Страница 222: ...ring SOURCE1 FUNCTION SIN WriteString SOURCE1 FREQUENCY 1000 WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT UNIT VPP WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT 2 WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT OFFSET 0 WriteString OUTPUT1 LOAD 50 Enable output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON Sleep 1000 End With Text2 Text Sine Wave output set on Channel1 Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form_Load Text2 Text End Sub End Sub ...

Страница 223: ...mmand1_Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mfIo As VisaComLib FormattedIO488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCls Set mfIo New FormattedIO488 Set mfIo IO io_mgr Open Text1 Text NO_LOCK 2000 On Error GoTo MyError This program sets up a waveform by selecting the waveshape and adjusting the frequency amplitude and offset With mfIo Clear and reset instrument WriteString CLS WriteString RS...

Страница 224: ... Enable AM Modulation WriteString SOURCE1 AM STATE ON Enable output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON Sleep 1000 End With Text2 Text Amplitude modulation output enabled Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form_Load Text2 Text End Sub ...

Страница 225: ...ourceManager Dim mfIo As VisaComLib FormattedIO488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCls Set mfIo New FormattedIO488 Set mfIo IO io_mgr Open Text1 Text NO_LOCK 2000 On Error GoTo MyError This program sets up a waveform by selecting the waveshape and adjusting the frequency amplitude and offset With mfIo Clear and reset instrument WriteString CLS WriteString RST Sleep 1000 Select the waveform shape am...

Страница 226: ...ram Listings 4 4 WriteString SOURCE1 SWEEP STATE ON Enable output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON Sleep 1000 End With Text2 Text Sweep Output enabled Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form_Load Text2 Text End Sub ...

Страница 227: ... every 100 msec Channel1 Output Enabled Private Declare Sub Sleep Lib kernel32 ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long Private Sub Command1_Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mfIo As VisaComLib FormattedIO488 Dim i As Integer Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCls Set mfIo New FormattedIO488 Set mfIo IO io_mgr Open Text1 Text NO_LOCK 2000 On Error GoTo MyError This program sets up a waveform by s...

Страница 228: ...lse transition durations For i 1 To 10 WriteString SOURCE1 FUNCtion PULSe TRANsition i 10 E 9 Sleep 100 Next i End With Text2 Text Pulse output with variable edge time set on Channel1 Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form_Load Text2 Text End Sub ...

Страница 229: ...ulse from 0 volts to the maximum defined voltage amplitude Caution This program will erase all unsaved data in volatile memory If necessary save that information before running this example program Private Sub Command1_Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mFio As VisaComLib FormattedIO488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCls Set mFio New FormattedIO488 Set mFio IO io_mgr Open Text1 Tex...

Страница 230: ...tForOPC mFio Text2 Text Text2 Text Download Complete vbCrLf With mFio Send command to set the desired configuration WriteString SOURce1 FUNCtion ARBitrary TestArb set current arbitrary waveform to defined arb pulse WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT 2 set max waveform amplitude to 2 Vpp WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT OFFSET 0 set offset to 0 V WriteString OUTPUT1 LOAD 50 set output load to 50 ohms WriteString SOU...

Страница 231: ...bCrLf Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form_Load Text2 Text End Sub Private Function WaitForOPC mFio As VisaComLib FormattedIO488 Do Dim strResult As String With mFio WriteString OPC strResult ReadString End With If InStr strResult 1 0 Then Exit Do End If Loop End Function ...

Страница 232: ...data in volatile memory If necessary save that information before running this example program Private Sub Command1_Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mFio As VisaComLib FormattedIO488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCls Set mFio New FormattedIO488 Set mFio IO io_mgr Open Text1 Text NO_LOCK 2000 Dim Waveform As String Dim I As Integer Dim DataStr As String ReDim Waveform 1 To 4000 D...

Страница 233: ...ILTIN HAVERSINE ARB 0 once lowAtStart 10 strSeqDescriptor strSeqDescriptor INT BUILTIN SINC ARB 0 once highAtStartGoLow 7 Calculate the header of the sequence command strHeader CStr Len CStr Len strSeqDescriptor CStr Len strSeqDescriptor Append the header information and sequence descriptor strCommand SOURce1 DATA SEQ strHeader strSeqDescriptor With mFio Send command to set the desired configurati...

Страница 234: ...4 End Sub Private Sub Form_Load Text2 Text End Sub Private Function WaitForOPC mFio As VisaComLib FormattedIO488 Do Dim strResult As String With mFio WriteString OPC strResult ReadString End With If InStr strResult 1 0 Then Exit Do End If Loop End Function ...

Страница 235: ...el1 Output Enabled Channel 2 Parameters Wave Shape Square Frequency 20 KHz Amplitude 1 Volt RMS Offset 1 Volt Load Impedance 10 KOhm Channel2 Output Enabled Private Sub Command1_Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mfIo As VisaComLib FormattedIO488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCls Set mfIo New FormattedIO488 Set mfIo IO io_mgr Open Text1 Text NO_LOCK 2000 On Error GoTo MyError With...

Страница 236: ...URCE2 VOLT 1 WriteString SOURCE2 VOLT OFFSET 1 WriteString OUTPUT2 LOAD MAX Maximum load impedance corresponds to 10 KOhm Enable channel 1 output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON Enable channel 2 output WriteString OUTPUT2 ON Sleep 1000 End With Text2 Text Output set on both channels Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form_Load Text2 Text End Sub ...

Страница 237: ...t In this way the second burst starts at the same time as the first instrument burst For tight synchronization the 10MHz output of the first instrument should also be connected to the 10 MHz input connector of the second instrument Instrument 1 Configuration Channel 1 Wave Shape Sine Frequency 1000 Hz Amplitude 2 Volt Peak to Peak Offset 0 Volt Load Impedence 50 Ohm Channel 1 Output Enabled Instru...

Страница 238: ... pulse when its burst starts WriteString OUTPUT TRIGGER ON WriteString OUTPUT TRIGGER SLOPE POSITIVE WriteString OUTPUT TRIGGER SOURCE CH1 turn off continuous INIT as we are just using one trigger to start the burst WriteString INITIATE1 CONTINUOUS OFF arm instrument 1 with INIT so it waits for BUS trigger to start burst WriteString INITIATE1 End With With mfIo2 Set up instrument 2 Send commands t...

Страница 239: ...its for EXT trigger to start burst WriteString INITiate1 End With With mfIo1 Enable channel 1 output on instrument 1 WriteString OUTPUT1 ON End With With mfIo2 Enable channel 1 output on instrument 2 WriteString OUTPUT1 ON End With Sleep 2000 With mfIo1 Start burst on channel 1 with BUS trigger WriteString TRG End With On Error GoTo MyError mfIo1 IO Close mfIo2 IO Close Text3 Text Output set on bo...

Страница 240: ...o provide added functionality or construct procedures to meet your specific needs This sample program is intended for use with Microsoft Visual studio 6 0 and Agilent Visa Object library Sample program execution requires VISA library installation Add ibraries below in Project reference menu before executing sample program VISA COM 3 0 Type Library Location visa install location VisaCom GlobMgr dll...

Страница 241: ...Reset and clear instrument WriteString RST IO Clear Send Command to set the desired configuration on Channel 1 WriteString SOURCE1 FUNCTION SIN WriteString SOURCE1 FREQUENCY 1000 WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT UNIT VPP WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT 2 WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT OFFSET 0 WriteString OUTPUT1 LOAD 50 Send Command to set the desired configuration on Channel 2 WriteString SOURCE2 FUNCTION SQU WriteS...

Страница 242: ...241 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings 4 4 Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form_Load Text2 Text End Sub ...

Страница 243: ...242 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings 4 ...

Страница 244: ...5 5 Tutorial ...

Страница 245: ...g them suitable for simulating the signals that occur in modern communications systems For each channel you can create arbitrary waveforms of up to 1 000 000 points 16 000 000 points with Option 002 The instrument stores these numeric data points known as samples in memory and then converts them into voltages as the waveform is generated The frequency at which points are read is the sample rate an...

Страница 246: ... from smaller waveforms The user definable program that specifies how to do this is called a sequence and the smaller waveforms are called segments Switching between segments occurs seamlessly in real time As an analogy think of segments as songs in a music player and sequences as play lists Each step of a sequence specifies a segment and how many times it is played It also specifies whether the s...

Страница 247: ...tely 4 6 You can vary the Noise bandwidth continuously from 1 mHz to 30 MHz The energy in the noise signal is concentrated in a band from DC to the selected bandwidth so the signal has a higher spectral density in the band of interest when the bandwidth setting is lower In audio work for example you might wish to set the bandwidth to 30 kHz making the signal strength in the audio band 30 dB higher...

Страница 248: ... comprise its feedback network The PRBS output is taken from the last stage With properly chosen taps an L stage LFSR produces a repetitive PRBS of length 2L 1 The clocking frequency of the LFSR determines the bit rate of the PRBS In the 33500 Series you can set L to be 7 9 11 15 20 or 23 resulting in sequences from 127 to 8 388 607 bits in length ...

Страница 249: ...fference This is called quadrature amplitude modulation QAM The equation for DSB FC is y t 1 2 1 2 d m t Ac sin ωc t where m t is the modulating signal Ac is the carrier amplitude ωc is the carrier frequency of the carrier d is the modulation depth or fraction of the amplitude range is used by the modulation For example a depth setting of 80 varies the amplitude from 10 to 90 of the amplitude sett...

Страница 250: ...y modulation varies a carrier signal s frequency according to the modulating signal y t Ac sin ωc d m t t where m t is the modulating signal and d is the frequency deviation FM is called narrowband if the deviation is less than 1 of the modulating signal s bandwidth and wideband otherwise You can approximate the modulated signal s bandwidth with the following equations BW 2 Modulating Signal Bandw...

Страница 251: ...are wave with 50 duty cycle Binary Phase Shift Keying BPSK BPSK is similar to FSK except it is the carrier s phase rather than its frequency that switches between two values The rate at which the phase switches values is determined by an internal timer or the signal on the rear panel Ext Trig connector Phase changes are instantaneous The internal modulating signal is a square wave with 50 duty cyc...

Страница 252: ...nstrument to switch to a higher output voltage range resulting in a momentary signal loss If this is a problem in your application turn on the Range Hold function If the voltage increase could damage your device under test apply Voltage Limits Burst You can configure the waveform generator to output a waveform with a specified number of cycles called a burst You can use burst in one of two modes N...

Страница 253: ...t the same time that its internal trigger occurs An N Cycle burst always begins and ends at the same point in the waveform called the start phase Gated Burst In the Gated burst mode the output waveform is either on or off based on the level of the external signal applied to the rear panel Ext Trig connector When the gate signal is true the waveform generator outputs a continuous waveform When the ...

Страница 254: ...eep the frequency changes in a constant octaves per second or decades per second way Logarithmic sweeps let you cover wide frequency ranges where resolution at low frequencies could be lost with a linear sweep Frequency sweeps are characterized by a sweep time during which the frequency changes smoothly from the start frequency to the stop frequency a hold time during which the frequency stays at ...

Страница 255: ...de of a sine wave is usually specified by its peak peak to peak or root mean square RMS value All of these measures assume that the waveform has zero offset voltage The peak voltage of a waveform is the maximum absolute value of all points in the waveform The peak to peak voltage is the difference between the maximum and minimum The RMS voltage equals the standard deviation of all the points in th...

Страница 256: ...ive crest factors and RMS values Note If an average reading voltmeter is used to measure the DC voltage of a waveform the reading may not agree with the DC Offset setting of the waveform generator This is because the waveform may have a non zero average value that would be added to the DC Offset You may occasionally see AC levels specified in decibels relative to 1 milliwatt dBm Since dBm represen...

Страница 257: ...MS Voltage Peak to Peak Voltage 23 98 dBm 3 54 Vrms 10 00 Vpp 13 01 dBm 1 00 Vrms 2 828 Vpp 10 00 dBm 707 mVrms 2 000 Vpp 6 99 dBm 500 mVrms 1 414 Vpp 3 98 dBm 354 mVrms 1 000 Vpp 0 00 dBm 224 mVrms 632 mVpp 6 99 dBm 100 mVrms 283 mVpp 10 00 dBm 70 7 mVrms 200 mVpp 16 02 dBm 35 4 mVrms 100 mVpp 30 00 dBm 7 07 mVrms 20 0 mVpp 36 02 dBm 3 54 mVrms 10 0 mVpp 50 00 dBm 0 707 mVrms 2 00 mVpp 56 02 dBm ...

Страница 258: ... or turned off Non Harmonic Spurious One source of non harmonic spurious components called spurs is the digital to analog converter DAC that converts the digital representation of the waveform into voltage Nonlinearity in this DAC gives rise to harmonics that can be higher than the Nyquist frequency 125 MHz and will therefore be aliased to a lower frequency For example the 5th harmonic of 30 MHz 1...

Страница 259: ...Ground Loops The signal generation portion of the 33500 Series is isolated from chassis earth ground This isolation helps eliminate ground loops in your system and also allows you to reference the output signal to voltages other than ground The illustration below shows the waveform generator connected to a load through a coaxial cable Any difference in ground potentials VGND will tend to drive cur...

Страница 260: ... transformers at lower frequencies To reduce errors due to ground loops connect the waveform generator to the load using a high quality coaxial cable and ground it at the load through the cable s shield If possible make sure the waveform generator and the load are connected to the same electrical outlet to minimize further differences in ground potential Be aware that the outer shells of the Sync ...

Страница 261: ...260 Chapter 5 Tutorial Ground Loops 5 ...

Страница 262: ...6 Specifications ...

Страница 263: ...CS SINE Frequency Range 1 Hz to 30 MHz 1 Hz resolution SQUARE and PULSE Frequency Range 1 Hz to 30 MHz 1 Hz resolution Rise and Fall Times nom Square 8 4 ns fixed Pulse 8 4 ns to 1 s independently variable 100 ps or 3 digit resolution RAMP and TRIANGLE Frequency Range 1 Hz to 200 kHz 1 Hz resolution Ramp Symmetry 0 0 to 100 0 0 1 resolution 0 is negative ramp 100 is positive ramp 50 is triangle GA...

Страница 264: ...ector shells is 42 Vpk SIGNAL OUTPUT Output Impedance nom 50 Ω On Off Inverted User selectable for each channel Voltage Limit User definable VMAX and VMIN safety limits Overload Protection Output turns off automatically when an overload is applied Instrument will tolerate a short circuit to ground indefinitely FREQUENCY ACCURACY STANDARD spec 1 Year 23 C 5 C 1 ppm of setting 15 pHz 1 Year 0 C to 5...

Страница 265: ... FM PM FSK BPSK PWM Sum Burst Sweep SINE and SQUARE PULSE TRIANGLE and RAMP GAUSSIAN NOISE a PRBS SINGLE ARB b b SEQUENCED ARB a Gated burst only b Applies to sample clock not whole waveform MODULATING SIGNAL CARRIER Sine Square Triangle Ramp Gaussian Noise PRBS ARB External SINE SQUARE and PULSE TRIANGLE and RAMP GAUSSIAN NOISE PRBS ARB ...

Страница 266: ...d frequencies Operation Linear and Logarithmic sweeps are characterized by a Sweep time during which the frequency changes smoothly from Start to Stop a Hold time during which the frequency stays at the Stop frequency and a Return time during which the frequency changes linearly from Stop to Start Direction Up Start freq Stop freq or Down Start freq Stop freq Start Stop Frequencies Any frequency w...

Страница 267: ...annel 1 Channel 2 or Both Voltage Level 5 V full scale Input Impedance nom 5 kΩ Bandwidth 3 dB typ DC to 100 kHz FREQUENCY REFERENCE INPUT Connector Rear panel BNC isolated from chassis and all other connectors Reference Selection Internal External or Auto Frequency Range Standard 10 MHz 20 Hz Option 010 10 MHz 1 Hz Lock Time typ 2 s Voltage Level 200 mVpp to 5 Vpp Input Impedance nom 1 kΩ 20 pF A...

Страница 268: ...RFACES LXI C rev 1 3 10 100Base T Ethernet Sockets VXI 11 protocol USB 2 0 USB TBC488 protocol GPIB IEEE 488 1 IEEE 488 2 Web User Interface Remote operation and monitoring Programming Language SCPI 1999 IEEE 488 2 Agilent 33210A 33220A compatible Graphical Display 4 3 Color TFT WQVGA 480x272 with LED backlight MECHANICAL Size 261 1mm W x 103 8mm H x 303 2mm D with bumpers installed 212 8mm W x 88...

Страница 269: ...268 Chapter 6 Specifications Agilent 33500 Series Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator 6 Product Dimensions All dimensions are shown in millimeters ...

Страница 270: ... 133 142 brightness display 171 174 built in help system 35 bulb saver mode 170 Burst 156 burst 152 burst count 156 burst period 157 burst phase 158 burst type 153 external gated mode 153 external trigger source 165 front panel operation 59 gated burst 252 n cycle burst 251 starting phase 251 trigger out signal 160 trigger output 166 trigger source 159 triggered mode 153 waveform frequency 155 bus...

Страница 271: ...lb saver mode 170 displaying message 174 enable disable 174 number format 175 overview 8 DNS server 184 domain name 184 dot notation and IP addresses 72 duty cycle 103 definition 103 frequency limitations 95 103 E edge time pulse 32 113 errors 169 examples programming 217 external gated burst 153 external reference 187 external source AM 118 FM 124 FSK 133 PM 129 137 PWM 142 external timebase 187 ...

Страница 272: ...tors 7 display overview 8 number entry 9 overview 7 front panel display enable disable 174 number format 175 front panel configuration LAN 67 front panel menu operation 41 front panel selection 22 FSK 130 front panel operation 51 FSK rate 52 132 hop frequency 51 132 modulating source 133 rate 133 FSK rate 52 133 function allowed with modula tion 92 amplitude limitations 93 frequency limitations 93...

Страница 273: ...tion 72 L LAN Configuration 179 configuration 185 connector 10 DHCP 180 DNS server 184 domain name 184 front panel configura tion 67 gateway 182 host name 183 IP address 181 reset 179 setting address 67 subnet mask 182 LAN configuration 65 178 LCD display 8 bulb saver mode 170 load 47 101 load impedance effect on amplitude 101 load termination 47 effect on amplitude 101 low level setting 27 M MAC ...

Страница 274: ...3 output impedance effect on amplitude 101 output load 101 output period front panel selection 20 output resistance 47 output termination 47 101 effect on amplitude 101 output units 100 output waveform polarity 106 overheating 39 overload voltage 105 overview display 8 front panel 7 number entry 9 product 6 rear panel 10 P password calibration 190 peak frequency deviation FM 123 peak voltage 254 p...

Страница 275: ...r 163 remote errors 169 remote interface configuration 65 178 rename files 172 reset 48 LAN 179 resistance load 47 revision firmware 176 RMS voltage 254 root mean square 254 S safety notices 3 SCPI version 176 screen 8 displaying message 174 number format 175 screen blank 170 screen brightness 171 174 screen enable disable 174 screen saver mode 170 security calibration 190 self test 171 174 self t...

Страница 276: ...ical support 11 phone numbers 3 Web site 3 temperature overload 39 terminal 10 MHz In 187 10 MHz Out 187 Modulation In 118 124 133 142 Sync Output 107 Trig In 165 Trig Out 166 termination 47 101 effect on amplitude 101 test 171 174 text message calibration 193 time 171 timebase external 187 Trig In connector 165 Trig Out connector 166 trigger burst 159 sweep 149 trigger out signal burst 160 trigge...

Страница 277: ... voltage autorange 105 voltage overload 105 voltage units 100 vpp 100 vrms 100 W warranty 2 waveform invert 106 waveform output connector 105 enable disable 105 polarity 106 waveform polarity 106 waveform tutorial 243 web interface 186 ...

Страница 278: ...quipment Have surplus equipment taking up shelf space We ll give it a new home Learn more Visit us at artisantg com for more info on price quotes drivers technical specifications manuals and documentation Artisan Scientific Corporation dba Artisan Technology Group is not an affiliate representative or authorized distributor for any manufacturer listed herein We re here to make your life easier How...

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