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Owner’s Guide

46

‘Active’
microelectrode

Reference
electrode

To Ground/
Reference
electrode

Motion Eff ects

A common source of artifacts when recording neurological signals is motion of the
subject or equipment. For example, muscular activity generates its own electrical
signals, which may interfere with the neuronal signal, depending on the location of the
electrodes.

If the subject is going to move during recording, then special care needs to be taken
when positioning electrodes and securing leads.

Electrode Contact

Occasionally during measurement of a neurological signal, one of the lead wires
connecting the source to the front-end may become disconnected, or electrode contact
may become poor. If this should happen, relatively high voltages (potentials) can be
induced in the open wire, due to electric fields caused by the power line or other sources
close to the front-end or to the subject. These induced potentials result in a constant
amplitude disturbance in the recorded signal at the mains frequency, causing masking
or loss of the desired signal. If the problem is a recurring one, one of the leads may be
faulty. Check connections and replace faulty leads, if necessary.

Figure 4–8

The active

microelectrode is

inserted over the

common peroneal

nerve at the

fibular head.

The reference

electrode is

inserted under

the skin.

The ground (Ag/

AgCl) electrode is

attached to the

surface of the skin

with the green

lead.

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Содержание BIO

Страница 1: ...Owner s Guide BIO AND NEURO AMPLIFIERS ...

Страница 2: ...Instruments Pty Ltd 2000 2018 All rights reserved PowerLab MacLab LabChart LabTutor and LabAuthor are registered trademarks of ADInstruments Pty Ltd Chart and Scope application programs LabTutor Server and LabTutor Online are trademarks of ADInstruments Pty Ltd The names of specific recording units such as PowerLab 16 35 are trademarks of ADInstruments Pty Ltd Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows 10 Window...

Страница 3: ...601 1 it is under the principle that this is a more rigorous standard than other standards that could be chosen it provides a high safety level for subjects and operators The choice to meet IEC 60601 1 is in no way to be interpreted to mean that a product is a medical device may be interpreted as a medical device or is safe to be used as a medical device Safety and Quality Standards When used with...

Страница 4: ...vided there is no direct electrical connection to the heart Warning symbol The exclamation mark inside a triangle means that the supplied documentation must be consulted for operating cautionary or safety information before using the device CE Mark All front end amplifiers and PowerLab systems carry the CE mark and meet the appropriate EU directives Further information is available on request Refe...

Страница 5: ...em for human connection The user is responsible for ensuring any particular configuration of equipment complies with IEC60601 1 1 Guidance on compliance with this standard is provided in the following sections PowerLab systems and many other devices require the connection of a personal computer for operation This personal computer should be certified as complying with IEC 60950 and should be locat...

Страница 6: ...er boards where possible as they provide an inherently less safe environment with respect to electrical hazards Individual connection of each piece of equipment to fixed mains socket outlets is the preferred means of connection If multiple portable socket outlets are used they are subject to the following constraints They shall not be placed on the floor Additional multiple portable socket outlets...

Страница 7: ...ignal can be reduced by minimizing the loop area of signal cables for example by twisting them together or by moving power supplies away from sensitive equipment to reduce the inductive pick up of mains frequency fields Please consult a good text for further discussion of noise reduction Cleaning and Sterilization ADInstruments products may be wiped down with a lint free cloth moistened with indus...

Страница 8: ...ecycling center or return to manufacturer Unwanted equipment bearing the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE Directive symbol requires separate waste collection For a product labeled with this symbol either forward to a recycling center or contact your nearest ADInstruments representative for methods of disposal at the end of its working life WEEE Directive symbol ...

Страница 9: ...nt ends are ancillary devices that connect to the PowerLab recording unit to extend the system s capabilities They provide additional signal conditioning and other features and extend the types of experiments that you can conduct and the data you can record All ADInstruments front ends are designed to be operated under full software control No knobs dials or switches are needed although some may b...

Страница 10: ...d as a single set of software controls Note The Stimulator front ends differ from other front ends in two respects 1 Since they need to produce a reasonably high voltage and current the Stimulator front ends require a power supply in addition to the power provided by the I2 C bus 2 As they produce voltage output for stimulation they are connected to a positive analog output socket of the PowerLab ...

Страница 11: ...ut Front end I2 C input Check that the connectors for the I2 C bus are screwed in firmly Check the BNC cable for firm connections as well Loose connectors can cause erratic front end behavior or may cause the front end to fail to work at all The Signal Output Socket The BNC socket labelled Signal Output on the back panel of the front end provides the signal output to connect to an analog input soc...

Страница 12: ...us Isolator can be connected to the positive output of the PowerLab Special Cases Some front ends have their own specific connection requirements Please refer to the individual chapter for each front end in this guide Connecting Stimulator Front Ends The PowerLab analog outputs provide a variable computer controlled voltage output that can be used with LabChart LabTutor LabStation or Lt to connect...

Страница 13: ... ends Using ADInstruments Programs Front ends are designed for use with PowerLabs and ADInstruments programs such as LabChart LabTutor LabStation and Lt The functions of the front end are combined with those of the PowerLab and are presented as a single set of software controls in the ADInstruments program Depending on the front end s connected front end specific dialogs replace the Input Amplifie...

Страница 14: ...ont end has been found by the PowerLab and is working properly If the indicator doesn t light check your cable connections and repeat the start up procedure Software Behavior When a front end is connected to a PowerLab and the ADInstruments software is successfully installed the Input Amplifier menu command from the Channel Function pop up menu in LabChart should be replaced by the Front end menu ...

Страница 15: ...is to increase the sampling rate The highest available sampling rates are 100k s or 200k s depending on your PowerLab To view the frequencies present in your recorded signal open the Spectrum window in LabChart For more information about Spectrum see the LabChart Help Center If unwanted high frequency components are present in the sampled signal you will achieve better results by using a low pass ...

Страница 16: ...cting linked electrical equipment to a common earth connection equipotential connection point such as the earthing grounding stud provided on the rear of all PowerLabs can prevent ground loops The electric fields generated by power lines can introduce interference at the line frequency into the recorded signal Electromagnetic fields from other sources can also cause interference fluorescent tubes ...

Страница 17: ...me poor If this should happen relatively high voltages potentials can be induced in the open wire by electric fields generated by power lines or other sources close to the front end or the subject Such induced potentials will result in a constant amplitude disturbance in the recorded waveform at the power line frequency 50 or 60 Hz and loss of the desired signal If the problem is a recurring one o...

Страница 18: ...Owner s Guide 16 ...

Страница 19: ... the Bio Amp The Bio Amp FE231 Dual Bio Amp FE232 and PowerLab units with a built in Bio Amp are supplied with a 3 lead or 5 lead Bio Amp subject cable and lead wire system The Octal Bio Amp FE238 and Quad Bio Amp FE234 are supplied with unshielded lead wires 1 8m Bio Amps are only safe for human connection if used with the supplied subject cable and lead wires All Bio Amp front ends and PowerLab ...

Страница 20: ...ual Bio Amp has two amplifiers with a shared ground connector and input socket and the Octal Bio Amp has eight differential amplifiers with a shared ground connector and separate inputs For multiple biological recordings more than two from a single subject it is recommended that you use a multi channel Bio Amp rather than daisy chaining multiple Bio Amps The Front Panel The front panel of the Sing...

Страница 21: ...multi pin socket Each of the Bio Amp inputs has one red and one black connector and an indicator light The green connector is a shared ground connection across all eight inputs in Octal and four in Quad The Status Indicator The status indicator light of a Single or Dual Bio Amp is located at the bottom left of the front panel The status indicator lights of an Octal and Quad Bio Amp are located abo...

Страница 22: ...o be used independently with one PowerLab Power and control signals to connected front ends come from the PowerLab Signal output to the PowerLab I C connection from the PowerLab or previous front end 1 2 I C connection to a further front end Signal outputs to the PowerLab I C connection from the PowerLab or previous front end I C connection to a further front end Signal outputs to the PowerLab Fig...

Страница 23: ...put number with the corresponding PowerLab input connector Audio Out Socket All Bio Amps have an audio monitor output on the back panel that can be used with a wide range of headphones or externally powered speakers The 3 5 mm stereo socket provides mono sound The audio output may be of use when monitoring nerve firings to control the placement of electrodes for instance WARNING As with all audio ...

Страница 24: ...Bio Amp and Dual Bio Amp inputs using the supplied Bio Amp cables and leads The Dual Bio Amp cable plugs into the six pin input socket on the Dual Bio front panel a notch in the plug ensures that polarity is correct The lead wires on the Bio Amp cable plug into the input sockets on the Bio Amp front panel Only the supplied Bio Amp cable and leads should be used Other cables may not meet safety req...

Страница 25: ...odes electrode cream for reusable electrodes and abrasive gel for lightly abrading the skin before the electrodes are attached The Bio Amp Cable Input Connections are made to the Bio Amp using the three shrouded 1 5 mm male pin sockets on the front panel The sockets are of a sort commonly used with life science connection leads and their arrangement is shown below Two types of leads are provided o...

Страница 26: ...ted to ensure subject safety The Octal and Quad Bio Amps should be used with the supplied 1 8m unshielded lead wires Positive input red Negative input black Ground Reference green Common The Common lead must always be connected to the subject to ensure that the common mode signal seen by the inputs is not unduly large An unduly large common mode signal may lead to poor signal quality Shutdown Proc...

Страница 27: ...y them The Bio Amp dialog appears when you choose Bio Amp from a Channel Drop Down menu To set up many channels quickly open the Setup Channel Settings dialog Here you can view all the channels that are turned on and you can turn off any unnecessary channels Clicking on Bio Amp in the Input Settings column of the Channel Settings dialog will also open the Bio Amp dialog Signal amplitude Pause and ...

Страница 28: ...ing slowly moving baselines such as motion or respiration artifacts particularly in ECG EKG recordings Low Pass Filtering The Low Pass pop up menu gives a choice of low pass filters The low pass filter removes frequencies above the chosen frequency and allows low frequencies in the signal These filters are useful for removing high frequency signals such as noise and to prevent aliasing in the reco...

Страница 29: ...ball as projected on to the face Only supported on Octal and Quad Bio Amps not supported on Single and Dual Bio Amps ERG Electroretinogram a recording of the electrical signals produced in the retina by a light stimulus Bilateral measurements require a Dual Bio Amp or two Bio Amps Cortical Evoked Potentials Averaged recordings of the electrical activity of the brain when subject to stimulation vis...

Страница 30: ...t from the combination of both pieces of hardware The Bio Amp provides full electrical isolation from power line mains circuitry to guarantee subject safety a low noise high gain differential amplifier specifically designed for biological signal measurements software controlled low pass high pass and adaptive mains filters to remove unwanted signal frequencies for particular uses audio output for ...

Страница 31: ...r where they should The I2 C cable or one or more BNC to BNC cables from the Bio Amp to the PowerLab are not connected have been connected incorrectly to the wrong input for instance or are loose Turn everything off Check to see that all cables are firmly seated and screwed in BNC cables from the Bio Amp must be connected to a positive input on the PowerLab Make sure the input is the same channel ...

Страница 32: ...trace can take a long time to zero by itself Click the DC Restore button in the Bio Amp dialog to bring the trace back to zero quickly The signal appears to display a constant amplitude oscillation Frequency interference from power lines can become superimposed on the biological signal being measured You can use the mains filter in the Bio Amp to remove excessive line voltage frequency interferenc...

Страница 33: ...eld At the lowest ranges you may have to shield shorten or even replace the Bio Amp leads since they will tend to act as radio receptors The signal appears to be unusual very weak clipped or distorted in some way This may be a problem of technique the sampling rate range or filter settings may be inappropriate for the signal you are recording Make sure the settings are appropriate for the expected...

Страница 34: ...lb 12 oz Power requirements 2 W Dual Bio Amp Input Connection type Six pin DIN MS socket to fit 5 lead Bio Amp cable Tronomed D 1540 Configuration 2 isolated differential channels with common isolated ground reference or right leg drive Input impedance 1 G differential 100 pF no cable to isolated ground or 500 pF supplied shielded Bio Amp cable and leads to isolated ground Physical Configuration D...

Страница 35: ...ll Bio Amps Input Isolation 4000 Vrms 50 Hz for 1 minute Input ranges 100 µV to 100 mV full scale in 10 steps combined PowerLab and Bio Amp 100 mV 50 mV 20 mV 10 mV 5 mV 2 mV 1 mV 500 µV 200 µV 100 µV Gain accuracy 1 5 all ranges Non linearity 0 2 within range Noise at various bandwidths 1 Hz to 10 kHz 1 2 µVrms 12 µV p p 0 3 Hz to 1 kHz 0 5 µVrms 0 1 Hz to 100 Hz 0 4 µVrms IMRR isolation mode 130...

Страница 36: ...3 10 30 100 200 300 Hz Adaptive mains filter 50 or 60 Hz frequency Refer to Powerlab owner s guide for further information Output Signal 4 5 V maximum Audio output 3 5mm stereo output socket suitable for direct headphone or powered speaker connection Output selectable from software Control Port I2 C port Provides control and power Interface communications rate of 50 kbits s Physical Configuration ...

Страница 37: ...d or serviced by the user No user serviceable parts inside Refer servicing to authorised ADInstruments service centre ADInstruments reserves the right to alter these specifications at any time Electromagnetic Compatibility The Bio Amps the devices have been tested to comply with the requirements of IEC 60601 1 2 The relevant basic EMC standards are IEC 61000 4 2 IEC 61000 4 3 IEC 61000 4 6 IEC 610...

Страница 38: ... the relative humidity should be at least 30 Separation Distances The devices are intended for use in an electromagnetic environment in which radiated RF disturbances are controlled Portable and mobile RF communications equipment should be used no closer to any part of the device including cables than the recommended separation distance in the table below Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters...

Страница 39: ...l isolation from power line mains circuitry to guarantee subject safety a low noise high gain differential amplifier specifically designed for neurophysiological extracellular signal measurements software controlled low pass high pass and mains filters to remove unwanted signal frequencies for particular uses audio output to listen to neurological signals The Neuro Amp EX is fully isolated for hum...

Страница 40: ...e Neuro Amp EX front end using a five pin input socket on the front panel The pin arrangement ensures that the polarity is correct The input socket is physically and electrically isolated from the low voltage mains supply circuitry of the PowerLab and the input connections are isolated internally by isolation circuitry The socket provides 7 5 V supply lines to the headstage a protected earth and d...

Страница 41: ...t on the back panel provides the signal output and a connection is made to an analog input socket on the front of the PowerLab with a BNC to BNC cable supplied If you are connecting to an earlier model PowerLab with differential inputs only connect the analog output to the positive analog input of the PowerLab ADInstruments applications do not find a front end on start up if the negative input is ...

Страница 42: ...cted If the application fails to find a front end connected the normal text remains If the expected text is not displayed quit the application turn the PowerLab off and check the BNC and I2 C connections Then restart the PowerLab and relaunch the application The documentation for LabChart does not cover front end specific features These features are described in detail here for LabChart Generally ...

Страница 43: ...entical and any change is also applied to the Chart Window Setting the Range The Range pop up menu lets you select the input range or sensitivity of the channel the combined range of the PowerLab and the Neuro Amp EX Changing the range in the Neuro Amp EX dialog is equivalent to changing it in the LabChart window The default setting is 1 mV and the ranges go down to 20 µV in 6 steps Filtering The ...

Страница 44: ... signal Because of this in general using the mains filter is a good option However the mains filter does have some limitations such as not being useful for very short recordings of less than one second More details on the mains filter can be found in the LabChart Help Center Inverting the Signal The Invert checkbox provides a simple way to change the polarity of the recorded signal without having ...

Страница 45: ... metal microelectrodes such as tungsten stainless steel or platinum to allow you to construct electrodes to suit your requirements Recording Technique When conducting research using the Neuro Amp EX it is important to ensure that you use correct preparation and recording techniques It is important to understand the types of problems that can occur how they manifest and what can be done to remove t...

Страница 46: ...h your institute s guidelines may be used Stimulation may be made using the ADInstruments Stimulus Isolator or another Isolated Stimulator 7 Changes in signal output in response to nerve stimulation can be observed using the Neuro Amp EX dialog or by recording data using Scope View in LabChart 8 If no longer required move stimulation leads away from the headstage before recording Leaving them atta...

Страница 47: ...e the reference electrode is inserted under adjacent skin Under no circumstances should the headstage be disconnected from the Neuro Amp EX while the electrodes are still attached to the subject Not having the headstage attached to the Neuro Amp EX before and during the procedure may result in small static electric shocks being delivered to the subject through the microelectrodes Figure 4 6 The he...

Страница 48: ...the source to the front end may become disconnected or electrode contact may become poor If this should happen relatively high voltages potentials can be induced in the open wire due to electric fields caused by the power line or other sources close to the front end or to the subject These induced potentials result in a constant amplitude disturbance in the recorded signal at the mains frequency c...

Страница 49: ...rring to Figure 9 13 on page 51 The headstage is a differential in differential out amplifier with a fixed gain of 100 and a 10 Hz high pass filter The amplifier drives a differential signal into the Neuro Amp EX Power is supplied through the connector A reference pin is a current limited isolated ground return to protect against excessive auxiliary current The overall operation of the Neuro Amp E...

Страница 50: ...ges incurred if using third party headstages Ground Reference Headstage power 7 5 V Headstage power 7 5 V Signal Input Signal Input The Neuro Amp EX has one connector the socket provides two pins for a differential input signal one pin for the ground reference and two pins for power supply to the headstage The entire connector is physically and electrically isolated to ensure subject safety Suppli...

Страница 51: ...eck to see that all cables are firmly seated and screwed in The BNC cable from the Neuro Amp EX must be connected to a positive input on the PowerLab Make sure the input is the same channel from which you expect to use the front end in the software Start up again to see if this has fixed the problem You are using an early version of LabChart Upgrade to the latest version of the software Contact yo...

Страница 52: ... are using may be unshielded or of low quality Check to make sure that you are using high quality leads Only the supplied Neuro Amp EX headstage cable should be used The signal is noisy at lower ranges This is probably the amplified noise from the electrodes not a fault as such There is in addition noise that cannot be avoided by any amplifier called thermal or Johnson noise Set the low pass filte...

Страница 53: ...o 1 mV full scale in 6 steps combined PowerLab Neuro Amp EX front end and headstage Gain Range Resolution 1 mV 500 nV 500 μV 250 nV 200 μV 100 nV 100 μV 50 nV 50 μV 25 nV 20 μV 10 nV Filtering Low pass filtering Software selectable 1 kHz 2 kHz 5 kHz High pass filtering First order filter Software selectable 100 Hz 300 Hz Output Signal 4 5V Maximum Audio Stereo jack with mono output 200 mV full sca...

Страница 54: ... supply cable to ensure electrical safety Operation Continuous Body protection rating Applied parts only BF Unsuitable uses Do not use in the presence of flammable anaesthetic air mixtures Avoid operating near high voltage RF or strong magnetic fields that may cause interference Method of Disposal Forward to recycling centre or return to manufacturer Neuro Amp EX Headstage MLT185 Connection type G...

Страница 55: ...gy for its internal function only RF emissions are very low and are not likely to cause any interference in nearby electronic equipment The device is suitable for use in all establishments including domestic establishments and those directly connected to the public low voltage power supply network that supplies buildings used for domestic purposes Immunity Mains power quality should be that of a t...

Страница 56: ...vice including cables than the recommended separation distance in the table below Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters as determined by an electromagnetic site survey should be less than the compliance level in each frequency range Rated maximum output power of transmitter P Separation distance 150 kHz to 800 MHz d 1 17 P 800 MHz to 2 5 GHz d 2 33 P 0 01 W 0 1 m 0 2 m 0 1 W 0 4 m 0 7 m 1 W 1...

Страница 57: ...wever as further noted below ADI will pass through to Purchaser all applicable third party warranties to the extent it has the right to do so ADI Product Hardware Warranty ADI warrants that PowerLab Data Acquisition Units PL prefix 1 and Front ends FEprefix 2 shall be free from defects in materials and workmanship for five 5 years from the date of purchase Other PowerLab Data Acquisition Units3 Fr...

Страница 58: ...manufactured products covered by one 1 year warranty 6 Specialized Data Recorders Metabolic Systems e g ML240 PowerLab 8M Metabolic System 7 Instruments Blood FlowMeter Gas Analyzers NIBP System excluding transducers STH Pump Controller Third Party Products Including Transducers Products not manufactured by ADI are covered by the manufacturer s warranty Accessories and Consumables Accessories and ...

Страница 59: ...ARE OR EQUIPMENT WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY WHETHER INTORT CONTRACT OROTHERWISE SHALLADIORITSSUPPLIERSBELIABLETOPURCHASEROR TO ANY OTHER PERSON FOR LOSS OF PROFITS LOSS OF GOODWILL OR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR DAMAGES FOR GROSS NEGLIGENCE OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL WO...

Страница 60: ...w ADInstruments com Copyright ADInstruments Pty Ltd 2000 2018 All rights reserved PowerLab MacLab LabChart LabTutor and LabAuthor are registered trademarks of ADInstruments Pty Ltd Chart and Scope application programs LabTutor Server and LabTutor Online are trademarks of ADInstruments Pty Ltd The names of specific recording units such as PowerLab 16 35 are trademarks of ADInstruments Pty Ltd Windo...

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