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7.5.2. GRE

Fig. 7.8: Menu GRE

■

GRE tunnel basic description

GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) is a tunneling protocol developed by Cisco Systems that can
encapsulate a wide variety of network layer protocols inside virtual point-to-point links over an Internet
Protocol network.

From the point of view of the transferred traffic, the GRE tunnel is one hop

There are 2 modes of GRE operation: TUN (Tunnel mode) or TAP (L2 transparent connection)
with SW bridge. RipEX implementation covers only the TUN mode

Packets passing the GRE tunnel are not protected against loss and are not encrypted.

GRE tunnel neither establishes nor maintains a connection with the peer. The GRE tunnel is
created regardless of peer status (peer need not exist at all).

GRE tunnel has it's own IP address and mask. Network defined by this address and mask con-
tains only 2 nodes – each end of the tunnel.

As the GRE tunnel adds an additional header, a lower MTU is set (1476 B) to prevent GRE
packet fragmentation. Incoming packets may be fragmented on the GRE interface.

■

GRE

GRE

List box: On, Off
Default = Off
GRE system turning On/Off

■

GRE tunnels

Every line in the "GRE tunnels" table defines one GRE tunnel. It is recommended that maximum
20 GRE tunnels are defined. The "Peer address" is a unique GRE tunnel identifier.

Peer address

Defined as the IP address for the opposite end of the GRE tunnel. It is not possible to create
multiple GRE tunnels with the same peer address. Corresponding "Peer address" on either side
of the GRE tunnel must match.
Routing to this IP address must be configured.

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© RACOM s.r.o. – RipEX Radio modem & Router

Advanced Configuration

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Summary of Contents for RipEX

Page 1: ...anual RipEX Radio modem Router version 1 20 08 16 2017 fw 1 7 x x www racom eu RACOM s r o Mirova 1283 592 31 Nove Mesto na Morave Czech Republic Tel 420 565 659 511 Fax 420 565 659 512 E mail racom racom eu ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ...ADA protocols 27 2 4 1 Detailed Description 27 2 5 Combination of IP and serial communication 28 2 5 1 Detailed Description 28 2 6 Diagnostics network management 29 2 6 1 Logs 29 2 6 2 Graphs 29 2 6 3 SNMP 29 2 6 4 Ping 30 2 6 5 Monitoring 30 2 7 Firmware update and upgrade 30 2 8 Software feature keys 31 3 Network planning 32 3 1 Data throughput response time 32 3 2 Frequency 33 3 3 Signal budget...

Page 4: ... 88 6 3 Antenna feed line 89 6 4 Grounding 89 6 5 Connectors 89 6 6 Power supply 90 7 Advanced Configuration 91 7 1 Menu header 91 7 2 Status 93 7 2 1 Device Radio ETH COM 93 7 2 2 Diagnostic 93 7 3 Settings 94 7 3 1 Device 94 7 3 2 Radio 116 7 3 3 ETH 134 7 3 4 COM 143 7 3 5 Protocols 145 7 4 Routing 161 7 4 1 Interfaces 161 7 4 2 Routes 162 7 4 3 Backup 162 7 5 VPN 165 7 5 1 IPsec 165 7 5 2 GRE ...

Page 5: ...ions Commission 224 10 12 Country of Origin 225 10 13 Warranty 226 10 14 RipEX maintenance 227 A OID mappings 228 B Abbreviations 229 Index 231 C Revision History 233 List of Tables 4 1 Pin assignment 47 4 2 Ethernet to cable connector connections 49 4 3 COM1 2 pin description 50 4 4 USB pin description 50 4 5 Key to LEDs 54 4 6 Technical parameters 55 4 7 Recommended Cables 58 4 8 Unlimited 50 kH...

Page 6: ...10 5 Maximum voltage and current of individual interfaces 216 10 6 Compliance Federal Communications Commission 224 RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 6 RipEX Radio modem Router ...

Page 7: ...as the RipEX are used in an appropriate manner within a well constructed network RipEX should not be used in situations where failure to transmit or receive data could result in damage of any kind to the user or any other party including but not limited to personal injury death or loss of property RACOM accepts no liability for damages of any kind resulting from delays or errors in data transmitte...

Page 8: ...Before attempting to do any configuration make sure your RipEX is the only powered up unit around Since all units coming from factory share the same default settings ex factory you could be accessing a different unit over the air without being aware of it USB ETH adapter When accessing over the optional XA USB ETH adapter your PC will get its IP settings from the built in DHCP server and you have ...

Page 9: ...hapter 2 RipEX in detail and RipEX App notes Address planing 1 5 Preconfigure all RipEX s Section 5 4 Basic setup 6 Install individual sites 1 Mount RipEX into cabinet Section 6 1 Mounting 2 Install antenna Section 6 2 Antenna mounting 3 Install feed line Section 6 3 Antenna feed line 4 Ensure proper grounding Section 6 4 Grounding 5 Run cables and plug in all connectors except from the SCADA equi...

Page 10: ...50 kHz 100 kbps 25 kHz 50 kbps 12 5 kHz 25 kbps 6 25 kHz 1 ETH 2 COM 1 USB 5 virtual COM Simultaneously on radio channel COM1 RS232 COM2 RS232 or RS485 software configurable Virtual COM ports over ETH controlled by Terminal servers USB for independent service access via USB ETH adapter and for automatic FW and SW keys upgrade Wifi management Any smart phone tablet or notebook can be used as a RipE...

Page 11: ...ent over a network GRE is a tunneling protocol that can encapsulate a wide variety of network layer protocols inside virtual point to point links over an Internet Protocol network Optimization 3 higher throughput Optimization method which joins short packets compresses data optimises both the traffic to the link peer and the sharing of the radio channel capacity among the links TCP proxy Eliminate...

Page 12: ... as well as in real traffic RipEX HS Redundant hot standby chassis Two hot stand by standard RipEX units inside Automatic switchover capability on detection of failure Suitable for Central sites Repeaters or Important remote sites where no single point of failure is required Internal calendar time Can be set manually or synchronized via NTP Network Time Protocol Any RipEX also runs as a NTP server...

Page 13: ...es Bridge and Router with 3 different protocols on Radio channel Transparent used in Bridge mode Flexible used in Router mode Base driven used in Router mode 2 2 Bridge mode Bridge mode with fully transparent Radio protocol is suitable for all polling request response applications with star network topologies however repeater s are possible A packet received through any interface is broadcast to t...

Page 14: ...This arrangement saves the precious RF spectrum from extra load which would be otherwise generated by local traffic in the LAN the LAN to which the respective ETH interface is connected One has to be very careful when RipEX in Bridge mode is connected to LAN because all LAN traffic is then broadcast to the Radio channel COM1 COM2 All frames received from COM1 2 are broadcast over the radio channel...

Page 15: ...ponds RipEX1 is set as a repeater so it retransmits the packet on Radio channel Packet is received by all RipEXes Step 4 RipEX2 sends repeated packet to its COM1 and COM2 RTU2 doesn t react because the packet is addressed to RTU3 RipEX3 and FEP s RipEX do not send the repeated packet to their COM ports because it has already been sent RipEX3 or received FEP s RipEX on their COM anti duplication me...

Page 16: ...y from RTU3 and polling cycle continues 2 2 3 Configuration examples You can see an example of IP addresses of the SCADA equipment and RipEX s ETH interfaces in the picture below In Bridge mode the IP address of the ETH interface of RipEX is not relevant for user data communic ation However it is strongly recommended to assign a unique IP address to each RipEXs ETH interface since it allows for ea...

Page 17: ...such packet will resume transmission only after sufficient time has been allowed for the packet to be repeated The packets received from user ports remain buffered and are sent after the appropriate time passes This prevents collisions between remote radio modems There can be no repeater collisions if only one re peater is used Where two or more repeaters are used collisions resulting from simulta...

Page 18: ...both 2 causing a collision at the remote In other words there should not be more than one repeater where the centre and re motes coverage areas overlap Solution 1 Adjust signal coverage so that RPT2 is out of range of the centre and RPT1 is out of the range of the GOOD Coverage area 1 2 3 CEN RPT1 RPT2 REM remote radio modem This can be achieved for example by reducing the output power or using a ...

Page 19: ...P datagrams to selected port numbers The destination IP address of a COM port is either the IP of ETH or the IP of a radio interface The source IP address of outgoing packets from COM ports is always the IP of the ETH interface The additional Virtual COM ports and Terminal server can act as other IP router ports This enables Serial and TCP based RTUs to be combined in one network Two different Rad...

Page 20: ...xample there are two independent SCADA devices connected to RipEX s two COM ports One is designated RTU Remote Telemetry Unit and is assumed to be polled from the centre by the FEP Front End Processor The other is labelled PLC Programmable Logic Controller and is assumed to communicate spontaneously with arbitrary chosen peer PLCs Step 1 FEP sends a request packet for RTU1 through COM2 to its conn...

Page 21: ...rything what is needed is the proper configuration of routing tables Radio IP addresses of the RipEX s required to communicate over the radio channel must share the same IP network We recommend planning your IP network so that every RipEX is connected to a separate sub network over the Ethernet port This helps to keep the routing tables clear and simple Note Even if the IP addresses of all RipEXes...

Page 22: ...nation In radio transmission the radio IP of the next radio connected RipEX serves as the gateway Example of a route from FEP RipEX 50 to RTU 2 The destination address is 192 168 2 2 The routing table of the RipEX 50 contains this record Destination 192 168 2 0 24 Gateway 10 10 10 1 Based on this record all packets with addresses in the range from 192 168 2 1 to 192 168 2 254 are routed to 10 10 1...

Page 23: ...168 2 1 24 192 168 2 2 24 Routing table 192 168 0 0 16 10 10 10 1 RipEX2 è 10 10 10 4 24 192 168 4 2 24 Routing table RipEX4 192 168 0 0 16 10 10 10 50 è 10 10 10 1 24 192 168 1 1 24 192 168 1 2 24 Routing table 192 168 2 0 24 10 10 10 2 RipEX1 192 168 0 0 16 10 10 10 50 è è 192 168 4 1 24 4 50 FEP 1 2 Radio IP ETH IP FEP IP 192 168 50 1 24 Fig 2 3 Router Flexible Optimised addressing The default ...

Page 24: ...e station must be set in Routing tables in the Remotes Frame acknowledgement retransmissions and CRC check guarantee data delivery and integrity even under harsh interference conditions on the Radio channel 2 3 6 Router Base driven Functionality example A star topology with one repeater is used in the following example of a SCADA network using a polling and report by exception combination The Repe...

Page 25: ... protocol is used Radio IP addresses for all RipEX units must share the same IP subnet The Base driven protocol routing table for each Remote RipEX can be simplified to a default gateway route rule directed to Base RipEX Radio IP Only one record with respective IP address mask combin ation for each remote station is needed in the Base RipEX routing table The repeaters are not considered in routing...

Page 26: ...les records Address translation in COM protocol settings is used Serial protocol address to IP address translation rules apply where the Radio IP addresses are used Radio IP addresses will only be used for maintenance in such circumstances Fig 2 6 Router Base driven Addressing Serial RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 26 RipEX in detail ...

Page 27: ...nterface After reaching the gateway typically a RipEX router the datagram is again forwarded ac cording to the routing table Above that RipEX is can to handle even broadcast packets from serial SCADA protocols When broadcasts are enabled in the respective Protocol settings the defined packets are treated as broadcast e g they are not acknowledged on Radio channel On the Repeater station it is poss...

Page 28: ... centre should be connected to the radio network via serial interface however for some reason that serial interface is not used The operating system e g Windows can provide a virtual serial interface to such application and converts the serial data to TCP UDP datagrams which are then received by the terminal server in RipEX This type of connection between RipEX and applic ation provides best resul...

Page 29: ...rovides information about the volume of data traffic on all interfaces radio ETH COM1 COM2 It offers detailed information about the number of transmitted packets their size and the throughput per second Moreover a detailed division into user and service packets is available for the radio channel See chapter Adv Conf Diagnostic for more 2 6 2 Graphs An independent database periodically stores the W...

Page 30: ...M1 COM2 some internal interfaces between software modules e g Terminal servers Modbus TCP server etc can be monitored when such advanced diagnostics is needed Monitoring output can be viewed on line or saved to a file in the RipEX e g a remote RipEX and downloaded later COM PORTS MODULE ROUTER BRIDGE MODULE TERMINAL MODBUS TCP SERVERS TCP PROXY RADIO CHANNEL MODULE COM1 COM2 ETH RADIO virtual com ...

Page 31: ...ire and buy additional functions as the requirements and expectations grow Similarly when some features e g COM2 are required on certain sites the corresponding key can be activated only where needed Keys protect the investment into hardware Thanks to SDR based hardware design of RipEX no physical replacement is necessary the user simply buys a key and activates the feature For evaluation and test...

Page 32: ...the radio modems within the area Then several overhead factors which reduce the total capacity to 25 90 of the raw value have to be considered They are e g RF protocol headers FEC channel access procedures and number of store and forward repeaters There is one positive factor left an optimum compression e g IP optimization can increase the capacity by 20 200 All these factors are heavily influence...

Page 33: ...has to be acceptable for the application 350 MHz Put simply character of this band is somewhere between 160 and 450 MHz 450 MHz The most popular of UHF frequency bands It still can get you slightly beyond the horizon while the signal stability is good enough for 99 or better level of reliability Multi path propagation can be a problem hence high speeds may be limited to near LOS conditions Urban a...

Page 34: ... fundamental requirements are two the data rate which is dictated by total throughput and response times required by the application and the availability which is again derived from the required reliability of the application The data rate translates to receiver sensitivity and the availability e g 99 9 percent of time results in size of the fade margin The basic rule of signal budget says that th...

Page 35: ...liable results Path loss dB 20 log10 distance km 20 log10 frequency MHz 32 5 In the real world the path loss is always greater UHF radio waves can penetrate obstacles buildings vegetation can be reflected from flat objects can bend over round objects can disperse behind sharp edges there are numerous ways how a radio signal can propagate in non LOS conditions The addi tional loss when these propag...

Page 36: ...from a single packet especially a very short one That results in quite a jitter of DQ values when watching individual packets However when DQ keeps jumping up and down it indicates a serious multipath problem In fact when DQ stays low all the time it must be noise or permanent interference behind the problem The second issue arises from the wide variety of modulation and data rates RipEX supports ...

Page 37: ...n solve the problem by selecting just one of the bunch Finding a spot where the unwanted signal is blocked by a local obstacle may help as well e g installing at a side of the building instead of at the roof TX antenna better multipath Fig 3 4 Antenna location When the multiple signals come from about the same direction a long yagi alone would not help much We have to move away from the location a...

Page 38: ...nt layouts meeting those conditions are possible we should exploit those layouts for the benefit of the network operation The following options should be considered when defining the layout of a radio network Placing a single repeater which serves most of the network on the top of a hill is a straightforward and very common option Sometimes it is the only feasible option However there are a few th...

Page 39: ...ommunicate in a reasonable RF environment Sometimes a different layout can significantly reduce the vulnerability of a radio network When total throughput is important as is typical in report by exception networks splitting the network into several independent or only slightly overlapping areas of coverage can help The placement of repeaters which serve the respective areas is crucial They should ...

Page 40: ...les When the signal passes a considerable amount of vegetation e g a 100m strip of forest think of the season Typically the path loss imposed by vegetation increases when the foliage gets dense or wet late spring rainy season Hence the fade margin should be increased if your field measure ments are done in a dry autumn month The attenuation depends on the distance the signal must penetrate through...

Page 41: ...ears later We recommend to use vertical polarization for all radio modem networks 3 8 Recommended values To check individual radio link quality run Ping test with these settings Ping type RSS Length bytes equal to the longest packets in the networks Use Operating mode Bridge when Router ACK set to Off Switch off all other traffic on the Radio channel used for testing The test should run at least h...

Page 42: ... DQ Data Quality Min 180 PER Packet Error Rate Max 5 RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 42 Network planning ...

Page 43: ...X is built into a rugged die cast aluminium casing that allows for multiple installation possibilities see Section 6 1 Mounting 4 1 Dimensions Fig 4 1 RipEX dimensions 43 RACOM s r o RipEX Radio modem Router Product ...

Page 44: ...Fig 4 2 RipEX dimensions bottom DIN 35 Rail DIN Rail Clip 134 150 118 58 50 Fig 4 3 RipEX with DIN rail RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 44 Product ...

Page 45: ...Fig 4 4 RipEX dimensions with connectors For more information see Section 6 1 1 DIN rail mounting and Section 6 1 2 Flat mounting 45 RACOM s r o RipEX Radio modem Router Product ...

Page 46: ...is known to be non hazardous 4 2 1 Antenna Fig 4 6 Antenna connector TNC An antenna can connect to RipEX via TNC female 50Ω connector A model with two antenna connectors can be supplied to order in which the Rx and Tx antennas are separate This model is typically used on communication towers where one Rx and one Tx antennas are common for most devices See chapter Section 4 5 Model offerings Note F...

Page 47: ...in terminal block plug part No 1776192 7 contact pitch 3 81 mm The connector is designed for electric wires with a cross section of 0 5 to 1 5 mm 2 Strip the wire leads to 6 mm 1 4 inch Isolated cables should receive PKC 108 or less end sleeves before they are inserted in the clip Insert the cables in the wire ports tightening securely Tab 4 1 Pin assignment signal labeled pin SLEEP INPUT SI 1 HW ...

Page 48: ...EP INPUT can be also used for the wake up from the Save state For details see chapter Advanced Config Power manage ment 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pin No 7 SI AI A0 10 30VDC Alarm Input HW ALARM INPUT HW ALARM INPUT is a digital input If grounded e g by connect ing to PIN 3 an external alarm is triggered This alarm can be used for example to transmit information using SNMP trap in forming for instance about a po...

Page 49: ...itself automatically Pin assignment Fig 4 10 RJ 45F Tab 4 2 Ethernet to cable connector connections Crossed cable Direct cable Signal PIN green white orange white TX 1 green orange TX 2 orange white green white RX 3 blue blue 4 blue white blue white 5 orange green Rx 6 brown white brown white 7 brown brown 8 4 2 4 COM1 and COM2 RipEX provides two serial interfaces COM1 and COM2 terminated by DSUB9...

Page 50: ...configuration interface The USB interface can also be used for an external flash disc connection which has been specifically designed to simplify complex maintenance tasks so that these tasks can be performed by unqualified personnel in the field by simple plugging in an USB stick and waiting until a LED flashes The USB connector also provides power supply 5 V 0 5 A It can be used to temporarily p...

Page 51: ...tion text file to it Then the README txt file which contains all the necessary information on the structure and names of files and directories is written into the root directory of the disc Please follow the detailed instructions in that file or read it below Required FLASH structure for single radiomodem upgrade firmware package s newest version is used ra1 RACOM VERSION cpio directory with SW ke...

Page 52: ...ted files README file RipEX_README txt directory with archived configurations cnf_archive archived configuration s in text form SERNO _ NAME _config txt directory with log files logs log file s log_ SERNO txt directory with technical support packages tech_support technical support package s SERNO _ NAME _tsupport tgz 4 2 6 Reset button A reset button is situated on the underside of each RipEX unit...

Page 53: ...ewall Hot Standby Routing table Management Username Password Note To reset the RipEX only use the RESET button as described above or use the button in RipEX s web configuration see Adv Conf Maintenance Never use a power cycling dis connecting and reconnecting power supply to reset it While power cycle resets or rather reboots the RipEX its software will not terminate correctly resulting in logs st...

Page 54: ...Yellow data receiving Green COM1 data transmitting Yellow 100 Mb s speed Yellow ON ETH 10 Mb s speed Yellow OFF connected Green ON Ethernet data Green flashes powered successfully Green PWR Save mode Blinks with a period of 1 sec Sleep mode Flashes once per 3 sec Alarm is On when any controlled item in Alarm management see Adv Conf Alarm man agement for more is in alarm status out of thresholds an...

Page 55: ... channel power 60 dBc Transient adjacent channel power Receiver see details Sensitivity 50 kHz 3 dB BW Anti aliasing Selectivity 1 5 ms Tx to Rx Time 20 dBm 100 mW Maximum Receiver Input Power 57 dBm Rx Spurious Emissions Conducted 57 dBm Radiated Spurious Emissions see details Blocking or desensitization 70 dB Spurious response rejection 1 50 kHz channel spacing is HW dependent Units with older v...

Page 56: ...le 50 Ω Antenna LED panel Power ETH COM1 COM2 Rx Tx Status 7 tri color status LEDs Environmental IP40 IP51 See Section 6 1 4 IP51 mounting for details IP Code Ingress Protection 900 000 hours 100 years MTBF Mean Time Between Failure 40 to 70 C 40 to 158 F Operating temperature 5 to 95 non condensing Operating humidity 40 to 85 C 40 to 185 F 5 to 95 non condensing Storage Mechanical Rugged die cast...

Page 57: ...put Radio channel RSScom DQcom TXLost User interfaces ETH Rx Tx COM1 Rx Tx COM2 Rx Tx not broadcast Watched values Can be broadcast to neighbouring units Received info displayed in Neighbours table For Rx Tx Packets on User interfaces ETH COM1 COM2 and for User data and Radio protocol Repeats Lost ACK etc on Radio channel Statistics For Watched values and Statistics Graphs 20 periods configurable ...

Page 58: ...Seismic qualification II 3G Ex ic IIC T4 Gc EN 60079 0 2012 EN 60079 11 2012 Explosive atmospheres Tab 4 7 Recommended Cables Length Recommended cables and accessories Port Max 3 m V03VH H 2 0 5 DC terminals Power Max 3 m V03VH H 1 0 5 SI Sleep Input Max 3 m V03VH H 1 0 5 AI Alarm Input Max 3 m V03VH H 1 0 5 AO Alarm Output Max 3 m LiYCY 4 0 14 COM1 Max 3 m LiYCY 4 0 14 COM2 Max 3 m USB to 10 100 ...

Page 59: ... of the blocking and degradation parameters generally Blocking or desensitization values were determined according to the standards EN 302 561 V1 2 1 for 50 kHz channel EN 300 113 1 V1 7 1 for 25 and 12 5 kHz channels and ETSI 301 166 1 V1 3 2 for channel 6 25 kHz Tab 4 8 Unlimited 50 kHz Unlimited 50 kHz Rx Blocking or desensitization dBm Sensitivity dBm Classification 10 MHz 5 MHz 1 MHz BER 10 6...

Page 60: ...PSK 1 00 34 72 17 21 21 100 104 107 π 4 DQPSK 0 75 52 08 17 21 21 99 103 106 π 4 DQPSK 1 00 69 44 15 21 20 96 99 102 D8PSK 0 75 78 12 16 21 20 95 98 101 D8PSK 1 00 104 17 14 17 17 95 98 101 16DEQAM 0 75 104 17 15 17 17 94 97 100 16DEQAM 1 00 138 89 CE 50 kHz Tx 26 dB Bandwidth OBW 99 kHz Classification Emission Modulation kbps 30 6 22 1 24K0F1DBN 2CPFSK 20 83 31 7 23 9 24K0F1DDN 4CPFSK 41 67 45 5 ...

Page 61: ...PSK 1 00 20 83 3 4 4 106 110 113 π 4 DQPSK 0 75 31 25 5 6 6 104 108 111 π 4 DQPSK 1 00 41 66 8 8 8 98 103 106 D8PSK 0 75 46 87 9 5 10 10 95 101 104 D8PSK 1 00 62 49 5 6 6 95 101 104 16DEQAM 0 75 62 49 7 8 8 93 99 102 16DEQAM 1 00 83 32 CE 25 kHz Tx 26 dB Bandwidth OBW 99 kHz Classification Emission Modulation kbps 19 6 13 8 13K8F1DBN 2CPFSK 10 42 18 1 14 2 14K2F1DDN 4CPFSK 20 83 27 1 23 5 24K0G1DB...

Page 62: ...PSK 1 00 10 42 2 3 3 5 109 113 115 π 4 DQPSK 0 75 15 62 3 4 4 106 111 114 π 4 DQPSK 1 00 20 83 5 6 6 101 106 109 D8PSK 0 75 23 44 7 8 8 98 104 107 D8PSK 1 00 31 25 2 3 3 99 104 107 16DEQAM 0 75 31 25 4 5 5 96 102 105 16DEQAM 1 00 41 67 CE 12 5 kHz Tx 26 dB Bandwidth OBW 99 kHz Classification Emission Modulation kbps 9 6 6 9 7K00F1DBN 2CPFSK 5 21 8 5 6 8 7K00F1DDN 4CPFSK 10 42 13 6 11 9 11K9G1DBN D...

Page 63: ...PSK 1 00 5 21 6 0 3 0 1 0 112 115 117 π 4 DQPSK 0 75 7 82 4 0 1 0 0 5 110 113 116 π 4 DQPSK 1 00 10 42 4 0 1 0 1 0 104 109 111 D8PSK 0 75 11 72 2 0 1 0 3 0 104 109 111 D8PSK 1 00 15 63 1 5 2 0 7 5 103 107 110 16DEQAM 0 75 15 63 0 0 3 5 5 5 99 104 107 16DEQAM 1 00 20 83 CE 6 25 kHz Tx 26 dB Bandwidth OBW 99 kHz Classification Emission Modulation kbps 4 35 2 95 3K00F1DBN 2CPFSK 2 61 3 92 3 17 3K00F1...

Page 64: ...17 15 17 17 94 97 100 16DEQAM 1 00 138 89 FCC 50 kHz Tx 26 dB Bandwidth OBW 99 kHz Classification Emission Modulation kbps 37 0 28 0 28K0F1D 4CPFSK 41 67 45 5 39 3 40K0G1D DPSK 34 72 45 6 39 2 40K0G1D π 4 DQPSK 69 44 44 8 39 5 40K0G1D D8PSK 104 17 45 1 39 1 40K0D1D 16DEQAM 138 89 Tab 4 14 FCC 25 kHz FCC 25 kHz Rx Blocking or desensitization dBm Sensitivity dBm Classification 10 MHz 5 MHz 1 MHz BER...

Page 65: ...ulation FEC kbps 8 8 8 106 112 115 4CPFSK 0 75 15 63 10 10 10 104 110 113 4CPFSK 1 00 20 83 9 9 9 108 112 115 π 4 DQPSK 0 75 20 84 11 11 11 105 110 113 π 4 DQPSK 1 00 27 78 8 8 8 101 107 110 D8PSK 0 75 31 25 9 9 9 98 105 108 D8PSK 1 00 41 67 11 11 11 96 103 106 16DEQAM 0 75 41 67 13 13 13 94 101 104 16DEQAM 1 00 55 56 FCC 25 kHz Tx RipEX 928 RipEX 215 26 dB Bandwidth OBW 99 kHz Classification Emis...

Page 66: ...idth OBW 99 kHz Classification Emission Modulation kbps 11 3 8 6 8K60F1D 4CPFSK 10 42 11 3 9 83 10K0G1D π 4 DQPSK 17 36 11 2 9 87 10K0G1D D8PSK 26 04 11 3 9 88 10K0G1D 16DEQAM 34 72 Tab 4 17 FCC 6 25 kHz FCC 6 25 kHz Rx Blocking or desensitization dBm Sensitivity dBm Classification 10 MHz 5 MHz 1 MHz BER 10 6 BER 10 3 BER 10 2 Modulation FEC kbps 2 2 2 112 117 120 4CPFSK 0 75 3 91 3 4 4 109 115 11...

Page 67: ... 00 13 89 8 8 8 107 111 113 π 4 DQPSK 0 75 20 84 8 8 9 106 110 112 π 4 DQPSK 1 00 27 78 8 8 9 101 105 108 D8PSK 0 75 31 25 9 10 10 100 104 107 D8PSK 1 00 41 67 9 9 11 99 103 106 16DEQAM 0 75 41 67 9 10 11 95 101 104 16DEQAM 1 00 55 56 Narrow 25 kHz Tx 26 dB Bandwidth OBW 99 kHz Classification Emission Modulation kbps 19 6 13 8 13K8F1DBN 2CPFSK 10 42 18 1 14 2 14K2F1DDN 4CPFSK 20 83 18 2 15 9 15K9G...

Page 68: ...taining 99 of the total integrated power of the transmitted spectrum centered on the assigned channel frequency 7 26 dB Bandwidth the bandwidth where beyond its lower and upper limits any discrete spectrum component or the power spectral density is attenuated by at least 26 dB rel ative to a given and predetermined zero dB level 8 Please contact RACOM for current status of official test reports fo...

Page 69: ...X 432 432 470 MHz RipEX 470 470 512 MHz RipEX 928 928 960 MHz yyy HW models empty basic model D separate connectors for RX and TX antennas Part No RipEX HW DUAL G internal GPS module Part No RipEX HW GPS S Up to 50 kHz channel spacing Part No RipEX HW 50kHz S is used because units with older version radio boards lower than 1 1 90 0 or 1 2 50 0 don t support 50 kHz channel spacing P Ingress Protect...

Page 70: ... must be given Ex keys are available only for units produced after 1st of January 2014 Important Since SW feature key can be activated anytime within RipEX it is not a part of the Code Standard RipEX package in paper box contents RipEX 1pc Removable sticker plate 1pc Power and Control plug connector counterpart 1pc DIN set a pair of DIN rail clips screws 1pc Accessories Power supplies PWS AC DC AD...

Page 71: ...adapter RipEX_W1 Wifi adapter RipEX_DEMO_CASE Demo case without radio modems RipEX_DUMMYLOAD Dummy load antenna RipEX_C_NM_50 Feedline cable RG58 50 cm TNC Male N Male OTH VHF50HN Coaxial overvoltage protection 100 512 MHz N female N female RipEX HS 19 Hot standby chassis RipEX units excl pow supplies incl has got its own ordering codes see RipEX HS User manual RipEX HSB 19 Battery pack chassis fo...

Page 72: ... HS dimensions For more information see RipEX HS datasheet or User manual on www racom eu 1 2 ETH USB adapter Fig 4 18 Adapter ETH USB ETH USB adapter for service access to the web interface via USB connector Includes a built in DHCP server which provides up to 5 leases To access the RipEX always use the fixed IP 10 9 8 7 For details on use see Sec tion 5 3 Connecting RipEX to a programming PC OTH...

Page 73: ...r During a field test units can be powered from the backup battery and external antenna can be connected to one of the RipEX units through N connector on the case Fig 4 20 Demo case Content Brackets and cabling for installation of three RipEXes and one M DGE units are not part of the delivery 1 power supply Mean Well AD 155A 100 240 V AC 50 60 Hz 13 8 V DC 1 Backup battery 12V 5Ah FASTON 250 e g F...

Page 74: ...lation L bracket for vertical mounting For details on use see chapter Mounting and chapter Dimensions 133 124 60 122 L bracket 32 100 Fig 4 22 RipEX with L bracket 6 Flat bracket Fig 4 23 Flat bracket Installation bracket for flat mounting For details on use see chapter Mounting RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 74 Product ...

Page 75: ...g 4 25 Flat bracket dimensions 7 19 rack shelf single 1 6U 70 mm high Ready for assembly with one RipEX Weight 2 5 kg without power supply and RipEX Can be assembled with power supply 100 256 V AC 24 V DC 230 V AC 24 V DC 48 V DC 24 V DC MS2000 12 back up battery 7 2 Ah 75 RACOM s r o RipEX Radio modem Router Product ...

Page 76: ...sions 8 19 rack shelf double 1 6U 70 mm high Ready for assembly with two RipEX es Can be assembled with power supplies 100 256 V AC 24 V DC 230 V AC 24 V DC 48 V DC 24 V DC MS2000 12 back up battery 7 2 Ah RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 76 Product ...

Page 77: ...Fig 4 28 19 Rack shelf double Fig 4 29 19 Rack shelf double dimensions 77 RACOM s r o RipEX Radio modem Router Product ...

Page 78: ...le Fig 4 32 Feedline adapter cable Feedline cable is 50 cm long and is made from the RG58 coaxial cable There are TNC Male RipEX side and N Male connectors on the ends It is intended for use between RipEX and cabinet panel 12 Automatic antenna switch Fig 4 33 Automatic antenna switch An Automatic antenna switch is mainly used for migrating legacy to RipEX networks It automatically manages antenna ...

Page 79: ... for legacy base station keying Relay Dry Contact managed by CTS envelope from RipEX Fig 4 34 Cable connection Fig 4 35 Migration serial cable 14 Others For other accessories Power supplies Antennas Coaxial overvoltage protection etc kindly visit http www racom eu eng products radio modem ripex html accessories 79 RACOM s r o RipEX Radio modem Router Product ...

Page 80: ...nts given in the specifications Table 4 6 Technical parameters Make sure the power supplies do not generate interference in the radio channel and that they can handle very fast changes in the load when RipEX switches from reception to transmis sion and back Center RTU RTU 24 VDC 24 VDC 24 VDC config PC Fig 5 1 Bench test 5 2 Powering up your RipEX Switch on your power supply LED PWR flashes quickl...

Page 81: ...built in DHCP server so if you have a DHCP client in your PC as most users do you don t need to set anything up The RipEX s IP address for access over the ETH USB adapter is fixed 10 9 8 7 Go to 4 Login to RipEX 2 PC connected via ETH USB adapter We recommend using the X5 external ETH USB adapter an optional accessory of the RipEX The ETH USB contains a built in DHCP server so if you have a DHCP c...

Page 82: ...e you will have to change your PC s static IP again to be able to continue configuring the RipEX 4 Login to RipEX Start a web browser Mozilla Firefox Internet Explorer JavaScript enabled on your PC and type the RipEX s default IP in the address line default IP address in the address line field 10 9 8 7 when connected via external ETH USB or Wifi adapter IP address 10 9 8 7 is fixed and cannot be c...

Page 83: ...rtification authority Racom s r o It meets all security regulations and you need not be concerned about importing it into your computer Confirm the import with all warnings and exceptions that your browser may display during installation The login screen appears Fig 5 4 Authentication The default entries for a new RipEX are User name admin Password admin Click OK Initial screen should appear then ...

Page 84: ...r all RipEX s in the test network If you want to test applications which require a more complex setup see Chapter 7 Advanced Config uration To setup the IP addresses you can use the examples in Section 2 3 3 Router Flexible Configuration examples as your models or the RipEX App notes Address planing 1 5 5 Functional test To test radio communication between the RipEX s you can use the Ping test und...

Page 85: ...esses with which the unit will communicate 11 Connect the SCADA equipment 12 Test your application Note hazardous locations Installation in hazardous locations has to be done according to standard EN 60079 25 Explosive atmospheres Intrinsically safe electrical systems 6 1 Mounting 6 1 1 DIN rail mounting The radio modem RipEX is directly mounted using clips to the DIN rail The mounting can be done...

Page 86: ...ing to DIN rail L bracket optional accessory is used Only use the M4 5 mm screws that are supplied Use of improper screws may result in damage to the RipEX mainboard Fig 6 4 Vertical widthwise mounting to DIN rail Fig 6 5 Vertical lengthwise mounting to DIN rail For more information see Section 4 6 Accessories L bracket RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 86 Installation ...

Page 87: ...ry Only use the M4 5 mm screws that are supplied Use of improper screws may result in damage to the RipEX mainboard Fig 6 6 Flat mounting using Flat bracket Fig 6 7 Flat mounting using Flat bracket For more information see Section 4 6 Accessories Flat bracket 87 RACOM s r o RipEX Radio modem Router Installation ...

Page 88: ...ignal level at each site Proper network planning including field signal measurements should decide antenna types in the whole network The plan will also determine what type of mast or pole should be used where it should be located and where the antenna should be directed to The antenna pole or mast should be chosen with respect to antenna dimensions and weight to ensure adequate stability Follow t...

Page 89: ... when the feed line would be very long otherwise more than 15 meters or the link is expected to operate with low fading margin Always follow the installation recommendations provided by the cable manufacturer bend radius etc Use suitable connectors and install them diligently Poorly attached connectors increase interference and can cause link instability 6 4 Grounding To minimise the odds of the t...

Page 90: ...ource The supply must be capable of providing the required input for the projected RF output The power supply must be sufficiently stable so that voltage doesn t drop when switching from receiving to transmission which takes less than 1 5 ms To avoid radio channel interference the power supply must meet all relevant EMC standards Never install a power supply close to the antenna Maximal supply cab...

Page 91: ...e Local RipEX and only information specific to the remote unit is transferred over the Radio channel RipEX connected in this way is called Remote When in Router mode the IP address of either the Radio or Ethernet interface in the remote unit can be used for such remote management IP routing between source IP of ETH interface in Local RipEX and destination IP either Radio or ETH interface in Remote...

Page 92: ... screen to logout the current user from the Local unit Web browser tab description Fig 7 2 Web browser To facilitate management of multiple RipEX units at the same time Web Browser tab names change dynamically The tab name contains IP address RipEX Ethernet interface IP address or IP address if connected via IP tunnel UDP port number if connected via IP tunnel mark when Fast remote connection is u...

Page 93: ... state of Watched values is displayed in the Diagnostic part of the Status page Watched values are values of parameters which are continuously monitored by RipEX itself On line help for each individual item is provided by balloon tips when cursor is placed over an item name When an item goes red it means that the item is monitored for alarm and its value is in the alarm range see Settings Device A...

Page 94: ...ic string of up to 32 characters UTF8 is supported Following characters are not allowed Double quote Grave accent Backslash Dollar symbol Semicolon Important Unit name is solely for the user s convenience no DNS Domain Name Server is used in the RipEX network RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 94 Advanced Configuration ...

Page 95: ...io channel This arrangement saves RF spectrum from extra load which would otherwise be generated by local traffic in the LAN the LAN to which the respective ETH interface is connected COM1 COM2 all frames received from COM1 2 are broadcast over Radio channel and transmitted to all COM ports COM1 as well as COM2 on all units within the network the other COM on the source RipEX excluding Router Rout...

Page 96: ...W switching from RipEX unit A to RipEX unit B is performed based on the HW Alarm Output settings in Settings Alarm management RipEX A is the primary unit Unit B is activated if there is HW alarm on unit A or unit A power source is down or when Auto Toggle Period expired When mentioned events passed RipEX A goes to be active again MAC Both units in RipEX HS are using the same MAC addresses MAC clon...

Page 97: ... within Period It has to be shorter than Period by 5 min Time List box Manual NTP Default Manual Internal calendar time of RipEX can be set manually or synchronized via NTP Network Time Pro tocol Manual RipEX internally uses the Unix epoch time or Unix time or POSIX time the number of seconds that have elapsed since January 1 1970 When RipEX calendar time is set the Unix epoch time is calculated b...

Page 98: ...Ethernet interface or over the Radio channel any RipEX runs automatically as a NTP server Internal GPS The source of time is the internal GPS In this case only RipEX Time zone and Daylight saving parameters below are active Source IP Default empty IP address of the NTP server which provides Time source Date and Time will be requested by RipEX from there More NTP servers can be configured the more ...

Page 99: ...atum 1 to 16 1 the best 16 the worst 8 when internal time in RipEX is set manually The stratum represents the quality and accuracy of time which the NTP server provides Delay ms This is the delay of packet 1 2 round trip time which RipEX received from the NTP server while asked for synchronization This delay is compensated in the RipEX NTP server Jitter ms The Jitter of received times when RipEX a...

Page 100: ...from even several SNMP managers on any of its IP addresses It transmits SNMP Traps or SNMP Informs as per its configuration Settings Device Alarm management or Rout ing Backup The v3 only option can be enabled if the higher security is required SNMP v1 v2c Community name Default public This string is used for authentication with SNMP manager Max length is 32 chars Following characters are not allo...

Page 101: ...riv Communication with authentication and privacy encryption The Encryption parameter defines algorithms used for encryption to assure the data privacy Authentication List box MD5 SHA Default MD5 The algorithm used for Authentication Auth passphrase The authentication passphrase is entered as a password Max length is 128 characters Empty password is not allowed Following characters are not allowed...

Page 102: ...Trap or Inform messages are sent Default Port is 162 however it can be changed IP 0 0 0 0 means that SNMP Trap or Inform is not sent Notification destination 2 3 SNMP notification Trap or Inform messages can be sent simultaneously up to three different destinations Inform repeats Default 3 SNMP Inform message is repeated multiple times until it is acknowledged or maximum number of repeats is reach...

Page 103: ...connection is created automatically using dy namic ports NOTE 1 L2 L3 firewall settings do not impact the local ETH access i e the settings never deny access to a locally connected RipEX web interface ping NOTE 2 Ports 443 and 8889 are used internally for service access Exercise caution when making rules which may affect datagrams to from these ports in L3 Firewall settings Management connection t...

Page 104: ... the Bridge mode a standard Layer 2 Linux firewall is activated Protocol List box possible values Default All All Ethertype is not checked i e no packets are selected by the filter addresses is al lowed Manual set 2 octets of Ethertype in Ethernet frame which are selected by the filter Not VLAN only frames which are not embedded in VLAN are selected by the filter All VLAN only VLAN frames are sele...

Page 105: ...efault Default Default Default recommended values are set and can not be edited Manual Thresholds can be set manually However there are individual min and max threshold values for each item When your settings are out of the possible interval the web interface will give you a warning and display the possible values SNMP Trap When ticked the SNMP trap message is sent both when a parameter value exce...

Page 106: ... You can tick here for which Alarm Detail Graph will be saved HW Alarm Input List box Off N O Normally Open N C Normally Closed Default Off If N O or N C the HW Alarm Input is active and its normal status no alarm is open or closed respectively Alarm event is triggered when the HW Alarm Input changes its status from Normal to Alarm Note that to Close the HW Alarm Input means connecting the respect...

Page 107: ... transition to the ACTIVE state after a rising edge is registered at the SI hardware input after the respective pin connection to the ground has been opened If a pulse is sent to the SI input i e the falling edge follows the rising edge it has to be longer than 50 msec When in the ACTIVE state the transition to the SAVE state starts when a falling edge is re gistered at the SI hardware input the r...

Page 108: ...d over the Radio channel channel by the RipEX in the ACTIVE state Consequently the RipEX stays in the ACTIVE state as long as it communicates over the Radio channel channel NOTE HW wake up With any fw version higher than or equal to 1 2 1 0 you can take a RipEX in Save state cycle the power and during the boot up approx 48 sec the LED Status starts to flash quickly in green for approx 10 sec When ...

Page 109: ...recommended values are set and can not be edited Manual Values can be set manually SSID Default RipEX Unit name S N An SSID Service Set IDentifier is a unique ID that consists of max 32 characters and is used for naming wireless networks When multiple wireless networks overlap in a certain location SSIDs make sure that data gets sent to the correct destination If empty default value is filled IEEE...

Page 110: ...ared Key PSK authentication To encrypt a network with WPA2 PSK you provide your router not with an encryption key but rather with a plain English passphrase between 13 and 64 characters long Using a technology called TKIP for Temporal Key Integrity Protocol that passphrase along with the network SSID is used to generate unique encryption keys for each wireless client And those encryption keys are ...

Page 111: ...ed values broadcasting creates collisions for user traffic Be careful when using this feature NOTE 2 When Router with Base driven Radio protocol is used Watched values from Remote stations are only transmitted to the Base station Watched values from the Base station are broadcast to all Remote stations Repeater station receives Watched values from the Base station and from all Remote stations behi...

Page 112: ...d Neighbours IPs Default 0 0 0 0 Up to 5 IP addresses of neighbouring units can be set Neighbour RipEX which can be ac cessed directly over the radio channel i e without a repeater Watched values from these units are stored in the graph files and can be displayed afterwards Overview graph sampling period List box 1 2 4 12 hours Default 12 hours The 60 samples per graph file result in depending on ...

Page 113: ...ecked then the Detail graph file is stored in case of that alarm Twenty samples prior the alarm event and forty samples after the alarm event are recorded When another alarm occurs while a Detail graph file is opened the sampling continues normally and no other file is opened Single a single Detail graph file can be manually started After Apply here go to Diagnost ic Graph where a Start Stop butto...

Page 114: ...S either RACOM default or your own SSL certificate can be used HTTP Port Default 80 Just for information can not be changed HTTPS Port Default 443 Just for information can not be changed CLI List box SSH Off Default SSH Command Line Interface is accessible via the SSH protocol If Off CLI is inaccessible The SSH keys are unique for each individual RipEX Serial number The public key is downloaded in...

Page 115: ...Read only Web Accounts The two different levels of unit administration privileges are supported admin user is not limited Read only Web Accounts are limited to read only access Only Status Neighbours Statistic and Graphs screens are available Use the Logout link in the top right corner of the screen to logout the current user User name Up to 10 different read only users can be defined Maximum leng...

Page 116: ...nt used in Bridge mode Flexible and Base driven used in Router mode Radio channel protocols configuration differs for each of the protocols Radio protocol Common radio protocol parameters The parameters described in this section are same for individual Radio protocols RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 116 Advanced Configuration ...

Page 117: ...25 kHz channel spacing the RipEX transmitted signal 16kHz bandwidth contains 99 of the total integrated power for transmitted spectrum according to ITU R SM328 This setting is required for 25 kHz channel spacing by authorities in Czech Re public Unlimited Full channel width used to achieve the maximum possible data rate Modulation type List box FSK QAM Default FSK FSK Suitable for difficult condit...

Page 118: ...ted on Radio channel from this RipEX has to be acknowledged by the receiving RipEX using the very short service packet ACK in order to indicate that it has received the packet successfully If ACK is not received RipEX will retransmit the packet according to its setting of Retries NOTE The acknowledgement retransmission scheme is an embedded part of the Radio protocol and works independently of any...

Page 119: ... Default 1440 1 Min 3579 Max Each IP device refreshes its ARP records within some timeout Because of that the device transmits spontaneous ARP request packets to each IP address listed in its ARP table That may generate unwanted collisions on Radio channel Since Radio IP and MAC addresses are not changed during normal network operation ARP table refreshing may be done in a long period 1440 min 1 d...

Page 120: ...ameters Mode Modulation type Modulation rate FEC Frame closing COM1 2 List box Idle Stream Default Idle Idle Received frames on COM1 COM2 are closed when gap between bytes is longer than the Idle value set in COM1 2 settings and transmitted to Radio channel afterwards Repeater List box Off On Default Off Each RipEX may work simultaneously as a Repeater Relay in addition to the standard Bridge oper...

Page 121: ...vious one it is glued to it and the transmission on the Radio channel continues If there is a gap between incoming bytes the byte after the gap is treated as the first byte and the process starts again from the beginning Padding is never transmitted between block of bytes The receiving RipEX transmits incoming bytes block of bytes from the Radio channel to both COM ports immediately as they come W...

Page 122: ...d TDMA the Radio channel is deemed to be free when there is no noise no interfering signals and no frames are being transmitted by other RipEX stations In this situation a random selection of time slots follows and a frame is then transmitted on the Radio channel Frame acknowledgement retransmissions and CRC check guarantee data delivery and integrity even under harsh interference conditions on th...

Page 123: ...pEX on the opposite site of radio hop Modulation rate FEC ACK Retries Note You may add a note to each address with your comments up to 16 characters UTF8 is supported for your convenience E g Remote unit 1 etc Following characters are not allowed Double quote Grave accent Backslash Dollar symbol Semicolon Active You may tick un tick each line in order to make it active not active Retransmission se...

Page 124: ...ytes above Max Variable No Default 4 0 Min 15 Max This number defines the range from which the random integer number is chosen to multiply the Variable timeout see the formula above Busy channel access An advanced user can modify the RF channel access parameters in this menu The ex planations below assume general knowledge of collision oriented MAC layers of layer 2 protocols TX Delay bytes Defaul...

Page 125: ... Collision prevention This menu allows for setting up a prevention mechanism against application driven colli sions Perfectly synchronized simultaneous transmission requests arriving to different radios in long enough intervals may always come in free channel conditions and con sequently the zero access time period is applied resulting in a guaranteed collision NOTE These are not the common collis...

Page 126: ...on regardless of the network load Uniform distribution of Radio channel capacity among all Remotes creates stable response times with minimum jitter in the network Frame acknowledgement retransmissions and CRC check guarantee data delivery and integrity even under harsh interference conditions on the Radio channel NOTE 1 There is no need to set any routes in Routing table s for Remote stations loc...

Page 127: ...29 The settings are applied to all addresses within the interval Note If you configure any Remote station Protocol addresses which are not present in the running network radio channel access will be granted to them regularly resulting in lower total network throughput Every address listed in this table will be taken into consideration when config uring radio channel access It is possible to prepar...

Page 128: ...ion List box Direct Direct Repeater Behind Repeater Default Direct Type of radio connection between Remote and the Base station defines the position of the respective unit in the radio network topology Direct Remote station having direct radio communication with the Base station Direct Repeater Remote station having direct radio communication with the Base station and acting as a Repeater Behind R...

Page 129: ...d total number of Remotes should be considered when setting this parameter If the Modulation rate is low and the network contains a large number of Remotes the Query timeout must be long enough to allow a query packet to be sent to every remote within the network and also allow time for data transactions as well Broadcast repeats Default 3 0 Off 15 Max Every broadcast is repeated a given number of...

Page 130: ...in Common parameters Mode Modulation type Protocol address mode List box Automatic Manual Default Automatic Radio protocol address can be determined in two different ways Automatic Protocol address is the same as the last byte of Radio IP address Manual Protocol address is set up manually see parameter Protocol address Protocol address Default 1 0 255 Can only be configured only when Protocol addr...

Page 131: ...X 928 928 960 MHz RX frequency Receiving frequency the same format and rules apply NOTE By default the TX and RX frequencies are locked together and change in one field is mirrored in the other If clicked the lock is removed and different TX and RX frequencies can be entered Channel spacing kHz List box possible values Default 25 kHz The wider the channel the higher the possible Modulation rate NO...

Page 132: ...s TCP headers in a very efficient way The overall effect of the Optimization depends on many factors data content packet lengths network layout etc the total increase of network throughput can be anything from 0 to 200 or even more in special cases NOTE Apart from this Optimization there is an independent compression on the Radio channel which works in both Operating modes Bridge and Router This c...

Page 133: ...the last packet contains the remaining bytes The reassembly of the fragments into the original packet normally takes place in the unit at the end of the path Reducing the maximum length of a frame on a Radio link may improve its performance under unfa vourable conditions interference multi path propagation effects However the recommended place to determine the packet size is the actual user interf...

Page 134: ...x Off Server Default Off Server DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Server in RipEX sets network configuration IP address Mask Gateway in connected DHCP clients They have to be connected to the same LAN as the ETH interface of RipEX The Mask set is the same as on RipEX ETH the Gateway is the IP address of ETH interface of RipEX Typical DHCP client is e g a PC used for configuration of RipEX I...

Page 135: ...define which IP should be assigned by the Server to a specific MAC The reques ted IP has to be within the Start IP End IP range Shaping List box On Off Default Off Ethernet interface could easily overload the Radio channel Because of that it is possible to shape traffic received from the ETH interface If On specified volume of Data Bytes in specified Period s is allowed to enter the RipEX from ETH...

Page 136: ...ddress translation List box Table Mask Default Mask In a SCADA protocol each SCADA unit has a unique address a Protocol address In RipEX Radio network each SCADA unit is represented by an IP address typically that of ETH interface and a UDP port that of the protocol daemon or the COM port server to which the SCADA device is connected via serial interface A translation between Protocol address and ...

Page 137: ...85 interface their Protocol ad dresses translate to the same IP address and UDP port pair There are 3 possibilities how to fill in a line in the table 1 One Protocol address to one IP address e g 56 192 168 20 20 2 Interval of Protocol addresses to one IP address e g 56 62 192 168 20 20 3 Interval of Protocol addresses to interval of IP addresses e g 56 62 192 168 20 20 26 It is possible to write ...

Page 138: ...tween the RipEX and the central computer hence it does not increase the load on Radio channel In some special cases the Terminal server can be also used for reducing the network load from applications using TCP A TCP session can be terminated locally at the Terminal server in RipEX user data extracted from TCP messages and processed like it comes from a COM port When data reaches the destination R...

Page 139: ...ns at the respective ends of the RipEX network is not synchronized It is also highly recommended to use TCP proxy only with the ACK setting On Settings Device Operating mode Nevertheless be aware that any individual datagram can be lost The locally run TCP sessions cannot guarantee 100 data integrity end to end NOTE 3 RipEX can handle up to 100 concurrent TCP proxy connections List box On Off Defa...

Page 140: ...y for the ETH interface not for the Radio one VLAN is defined by VLAN ID and IP and Mask Several different Subnets can be assigned to a VLAN Each VLAN may be seen as a virtual ETH0 VLAN_ID interface In addition to setting multiple VLANs the original ETH0 interface may be left non VLAN i e for receiving transmitting frames without a VLAN tag Router mode When ARP proxy VLAN is On the RipEX Eth inter...

Page 141: ...tive IP Interface VLAN ID Behind decimal point in ETH0 fill in VLAN ID Values 1 4094 are possible The first line Main Ethernet interface can be also defined as the VLAN Tick the box and the unit can be VLAN only Priority List box possible values Default 0 Fixed priority can be assigned to a VLAN frame which is created in outgoing RipEX NOTE Priority Code Point PCP a 3 bit field which refers to the...

Page 142: ...e for the individual routes Note You may add a note to each line up to 16 characters long UTF8 is supported for your con venience E g Remote unit 1 etc Following characters are not allowed Double quote Grave accent Backslash Dollar symbol Semicolon Active You may tick untick each line in order to make it active not active VLAN is active when at least one of its subnets is active even the first lin...

Page 143: ... default UDP port numbers are COM1 8881 COM2 8882 If necessary they may be changed using CLI nevertheless it is recommended to stick to the default values because of dependencies between different settings e g Protocols in the network Important UDP port settings is valid only in Router mode In Bridge mode all packets received by COM port are broadcasted to all COM ports on all RipEXes within the n...

Page 144: ... hardware to detect the end of a character and to resynchronise with the character stream Idle bytes Default 5 0 2000 This parameter defines the maximum gap in bytes in the received data stream If the gap exceeds the value set the link is considered idle the received frame is closed and forwarded to the network MRU bytes Default 1600 1 1600 MRU Maximum Reception Unit an incoming frame is closed at...

Page 145: ... configuration parameters which are described in separate Help page accessible from configuration light box Protocol click on Protocol then on Help Protocol None simply discards any data received by the COM port or from the network which means that the respective COM port is virtually disconnected from the RipEX 7 3 5 Protocols Fig 7 5 Menu Protocols COM Generally Each SCADA protocol like Modbus D...

Page 146: ...unique sophisticated protocol on Radio channel This protocol ensures high probab ility of data delivery It also guarantees data integrity even under heavy interference or weak signal conditions due to the 32 bit CRC used minimises the probability of collision and retransmits frame when a collision happens etc etc These features allow for the most efficient SCADA application arrangements to be used...

Page 147: ...ia serial interface A translation between Protocol address and the IP address UDP port pair has to be done It can be done either via Table or via Mask So SCADA message received from serial interface is encapsulated into a UDP IP datagram where destination IP address and destination UDP port are defined according the settings of Address translation Mask Translation using Mask is simpler to set howe...

Page 148: ...s e g 56 62 192 168 20 20 26 It is possible to write only the start IP and dash the system will add the end address itself Protocol address This is the address which is used by SCADA protocol It may be set either in Hexa decimal or Decimal format according the List box value Protocol address length can be 1 Byte only for some protocols e g DNP3 and UNI can also be 2 Bytes IP IP address to which Pr...

Page 149: ...without any processing transparently to Radio channel to set IP destination and UDP port Received frames from Radio channel are sent to COM1 or COM2 or Terminal server 1 5 according UDP port settings Parameters Destination IP This is IP address of destination RipEX either ETH or Radio interface UDP port Interface This is UDP port number which is used as destination UDP port in UDP datagram in whic...

Page 150: ...e polled by more than one Master Italicised parameters are described in Common parameters Mode of Connected device Master Broadcast There is not the possibility to set Broadcast address since Cactus broadcast messages always have the address 0x00 Hence when the Broadcast is On packets with this des tination are handled as broadcasts Address translation Table Mask Slave Broadcast accept Max gap tim...

Page 151: ...6 are not transferred over the air When the RipEX receives a data frame from the connected device it generates the ACK frame 0x1006 locally When the RipEX receives the data frame from the Radio channel it sends the frame to the connected device and waits for the ACK If the ACK is not received within 1 sec timeout RipEX sends ENQ 0x1005 ENQ and ACK are not generated for broadcast packets DNP3 Each ...

Page 152: ...rd Broadcast from Master station is generated when address byte is 0xFF 2B ADDR Two byte address IEC 870 5 101 standard is 1 Byte The frame is 1 Byte longer than standard one There is Intel sequence of bytes low byte high byte Mask Address translation has to be used because Table one is limited just to one byte address length Broadcast from Master station is generated when address is 0xFFFF TELEGY...

Page 153: ...pire The Recommended value is in the 1 10 seconds range Modbus Modbus RTU is a serial polling type communication protocol used by Master Slave application When RipEX radio network run in Router mode more Modbus Masters can be used within one Radio network and one Slave can be polled by more Masters Modbus protocol configuration uses all parameters described in Common parameters Mode of Connected d...

Page 154: ...nected device Master Address translation Table Mask Slave Sync Word Hex Two protocol synchronization bytes SYNC1 and SYNC2 concatenated The typical value is AA80 Profibus RipEX supports Profibus DP Process Field Bus Decentralized Periphery the widest spread version of Profibus The Profibus protocol configuration uses all parameters described in Common paramet ers Mode of Connected device Master Br...

Page 155: ...d from the wire channel and before it is transmitted to the air channel This only happens if the Reverse mode is enabled Address translation Table Mask RP570 RP570 is a serial polling type communication protocol used in Master Slave applications When a RipEX radio network runs in the Router mode multiple RP570 Masters can be used within one Radio network and one Slave can be polled by more than on...

Page 156: ...rred over the Radio channel only in the RB Net period see Master settings The Local simulation RB has to be set the same On or Off on all sites in the network i e on the master as well as all slaves If On the RipEX generates RB packets locally and transmits them over the COM interface in the RB Request period and expects the RB response for each RB packet from the RP570 Slave within the RB Respons...

Page 157: ...LE RemoteRipex only this packet is transferred over the RipEX network all the other ones are handled locally Italicised parameters are described in Common parameters Mode of Connected device Master Address mode List box Binary 1 B Binary 2B LSB first Binary 2B MSB first Default Binary 1 B RipEX reads the Protocol address in the format and length set in Bytes Address position Specify the sequence n...

Page 158: ...ies a standard IP packet by prepending and appending a special SLIP END character to it which allows packets to be distinguished as separate SLIP requires a COM port configuration of 8 data bits no parity 6 and flow control 7 SLIP does not provide error detection 8 being reliant on other high layer protocols for this A SLIP connection needs to have its IP address 9 configuration set each time befo...

Page 159: ...CII 2 Byte format is read as 2 character hexadecimal representation of one byte value E g ASCII characters AB are read as 0xAB hex 10101011 binary 171 decimal value Address position Specify the sequence number of the byte where the Protocol address starts Note that the first byte in the packet has the sequence number 1 not 0 Address mask Hex When the Address mode is Binary 2 Bytes a 16 bit value i...

Page 160: ... accept Advanced parameters CTS Envelope List box On Off Default Off On CTS Envelope function makes it possible to use the CTS signal to control radio trans mission in some old transparent radio networks This feature is used to enable smooth mi gration from a legacy to the new RipEX based networks See Migration solution 10 The Flow control parameter must be disabled to enable the CTS Envelope to f...

Page 161: ...is determined in Routing table according the destination IP The IP addressing scheme can be chosen arbitrarily only 127 0 0 0 8 and 192 0 2 233 30 and 192 0 2 228 30 restriction applies It may happen that also the subsequent addresses from the 192 0 2 0 24 subnet according RFC5737 may be reserved for internal usage in the future Fig 7 6 Menu Routing 7 4 1 Interfaces Radio IP address and Mask defin...

Page 162: ...ossible values Default Off Any Backup route defined in Backup table can be assigned to a specific route In such a case Gateway in the respective line of Routes table turns grey and serves only for information regarding which gateway from alternative ones defined in Backup table is active The same Backup can be assigned for different routes Note You may add a note to each route with your comments u...

Page 163: ...sed no Subnets NOTE Do not forget to set correct routing to Peer IP for Hello packets Hysteresis s Alterative path is kept for the time set in order to avoid chaotic switching among different paths under unstable conditions SNMP Trap When ticked SNMP Trap is sent whenever there is a change in the path status Up Down Unknown Currently used HW Alarm Output NOTE HW Alarm Output has to be enabled firs...

Page 164: ... is lower priority than the currently active one Hello packets are transmitted Advantage if the active path fails system switches only to a functional alternative Disadvantage when e g GSM for backup is used Hello packets used for testing are charged When Off the respective alternative path is tested only when its priority is higher than that of the active path NOTE 1 The number of Backup paths is...

Page 165: ...protect communications over Internet Protocol IP networks IPsec supports network level peer authentication data origin authentication data integrity data confidentiality encryption and replay protection IPsec is an end to end security scheme operating in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite There are 2 modes of operation Transport and Tunnel RipEX only offers Tunnel mode In Tunnel mod...

Page 166: ...red the behavior is similar to IKEv1 see above It the re authentication is not required only new IKE SA keys are generated and exchange IPsec in relation to other RipEX services IPsec cannot be used in Bridge mode Any user defined firewall filtering is active prior to IPsec encryption and after IPsec decryption IPsec can be routed via the radio channel The radio IP address or ETH IP address can be...

Page 167: ...erving as a link between CHILD SA Traffic se lectors table and PSK IKE version List box IKEv1 IKEv2 Default IKEv2 IKE version selection The IKE peer must use the same version Peer address Default 0 0 0 0 IKE peer IP address Local ID IP address or FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name is used as the Local side identification It must be same as Peer ID of the IKE peer Peer ID IP address or FQDN Fully Qua...

Page 168: ...al network Source IP address and mask of the packets to be captured and forwarded to the encrypted tunnel Remote network Destination IP address and mask of the packets to be captured and forwarded to the encrypted tunnel Note You may add a note to each tunnel with your comments up to 16 characters UTF8 is sup ported for your convenience Following characters are not allowed Double quote Grave accen...

Page 169: ...is attempted Restart Connection is established immediately Phase 1 IKE Parameters related to IKE SA IKE Security Association provide SA keys exchange with the peer Authentication method List box PSK Default PSK Peer authentication method Peer configuration must match The main mode negotiation is the only option supported The aggressive mode is not suppor ted it is recognized as unsafe when combine...

Page 170: ...fic integrity algorithm The legacy marked methods are recognized as unsafe Peer configuration must match The same value as selected for the Integrity algorithm is used for the PRF Pseudo Random Function Diffie Hellman group PFS List box None legacy Group 2 MODP1024 legacy Group 5 MODP1536 legacy Group 14 MODP2048 Group 15 MODP3072 Default Group 15 MODP3072 The PFS Perfect Forward Secrecy feature i...

Page 171: ...w 256 bits long PSK key and enters it in the Key field IPsec diagnostics Refresh status The IKE SA status is indicated by the color assigned to the configuration row in the IPsec asso ciations table after the Refresh status button is selected Green color Up status The IKE SA is established The associated CHILD SA are also established under normal conditions Red color Down status The IKE SA is not ...

Page 172: ...y exist at the same moment The connection can be duplicated in certain circumstances It should not cause any problems for user traffic On the other hand it consumes system resources and increases network load When the SA lifetime expires and the connection is broken the Diffie Hellman group is probably set up incorrectly Buttons Apply applies and saves the changes Cancel restores original values R...

Page 173: ...tus peer need not exist at all GRE tunnel has it s own IP address and mask Network defined by this address and mask con tains only 2 nodes each end of the tunnel As the GRE tunnel adds an additional header a lower MTU is set 1476 B to prevent GRE packet fragmentation Incoming packets may be fragmented on the GRE interface GRE GRE List box On Off Default Off GRE system turning On Off GRE tunnels Ev...

Page 174: ...n use an alternative path through the GRE tunnel The Gateway in Alternative path section must be filled with corresponding Tunnel IP address GRE tunnel can be routed via the Backup route BRMP NOTE GRE packets source address will typically be the main ETH address of the RipEX unit Configuration settings for the other side of the GRE tunnel must take this into consideration The RipEX Radio IP will o...

Page 175: ...IP 10 10 1 41 10 10 1 67 IP protocol 47 length 126 Example of GRE packet monitoring on the ETH interface 11 22 58 643627 ETH IP 192 168 1 41 192 168 1 1 GREv0 length 88 IP 10 144 1 41 10 144 1 2 ICMP echo request id 319 seq 1 length 64 Troubleshooting The packet forwarded to the GRE tunnel must only be routed to the corresponding IP at the other side of the tunnel If the IP address fits the IP add...

Page 176: ...ng When a fresh and shorter sample of the log values is needed there is a Difference log available It uses an independent buffer for data and can be cleared and displayed anytime Buttons All buttons are common for both logs Neighbours and Statistic Save button the log is manually saved stored in the history file and cleared This equals to situation when the Log save period expires When the Operati...

Page 177: ...h can be ac cessed directly over the radio channel i e without a repeater Protocol on Radio channel uses Protocol addresses MAC address for Bridge mode and Router Flexible mode Protocol address for Router Base driven mode A unit can learn the IP address of its neighbour only when it receives its broadcast of Watched values it contains both MAC and IP ad dresses Thus when Watched values broadcastin...

Page 178: ...logged by the receiving RipEX itself Received headers Count Total number of frame headers received from the respective RipEX RSS dBm Received Signal Strength DQ Data Quality of received frames The DQ value is about proportional to BER bit error ratio and about independent of the data rate and modulation used Consequently when data rate is lowered the DQ value increases and the other way round Judg...

Page 179: ...alues Meaning of IP addresses listed Rx for received Rx packets the IP source address from UDP header is displayed Values in DATA part of the table are calculated for this source IP origin values in RADIO PROTOCOL part are for the last radio hop Tx for transmitted Tx packets the IP destination address from UDP header is displayed Values in DATA part of the table are calculated for this destination...

Page 180: ...socket i e between RipEX Ethernet and Host device Rx from Host device to RipEX Tx from RipEX to Host 7 6 2 Graphs Graphs functions as well as meanings of Overview Detail Sampling period are described in the help Settings Device Fig 7 11 Menu Graphs Sampling period Here just for information to be set in Settings Graphs File period RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 180 Advanced Configuration ...

Page 181: ...le to display two values from the same unit or from two different ones Show thresholds You can show thresholds for the displayed value which are set in the unit Settings Device Alarm management When graph file is opened and threshold values are changed new values are displayed in the next graph file Present graph works till the end of its range threshold values set when started Alarm When displaye...

Page 182: ...erates on line report each 2 seconds while you are connected to Local unit and each 10 sec while it is generated from Remote unit and it is transferred over the Radio channel Ping Type List box ICMP RSS Default RSS ICMP This is a standard ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol ping It can be used against either RipEX or any other IP device connected to RipEX Radio network RSS RSS ping is a proprie...

Page 183: ...t it is counted as lost A short report is generated in run time for each individual ping packet When the Ping utility is stopped an overall statistic report is displayed ICMP Ping report Standard Linux ping reports are provided see Fig 7 12 ICMP Ping Run time report 88 bytes from 192 168 141 215 icmp_req 1 ttl 63 time 413 ms 88 bytes total packet length 192 168 141 215 destination IP icmp_req 1 pi...

Page 184: ...192 168 141 213 10 10 10 214 52 220 RSS DQ 10 10 10 215 45 232 RSS DQ 192 168 141 215 192 168 141 215 10 10 10 214 45 235 RSS DQ 10 10 10 213 51 232 RSS DQ 192 168 141 213 RSS Ping from 192 168 141 213 to 192 168 141 215 statistics 3 packet s transmitted 3 received 0 00 packet loss 0 corrupted time 2 44 sec rtt min avg max mdev 0 391 0 427 0 458 0 0277 sec Load 1211 bps Throughput 1211 bps PER 0 0...

Page 185: ...n received UDP header is OK nevertheless their data have been corrupted CRC over data is not OK time the total time of ping utility From Start to Stop buttons rtt min avg max mdev round trip time minimal average maximal standard deviation Load 1211 bps Throughput 1211 bps Load the load generated by Ping utility Throughput the throughput provided by Radio network PER 0 00 round trip 0 00 one way BE...

Page 186: ...anning The mdev values for both the RSS and DQ are provided giving idea on signal homogeneity The lower mdev values are recorded the more reliable the link should be rtt histogram time interval in sec count 0 2 5 100 00 3 XXXXXXXXXX 2 5 5 0 00 0 5 7 5 0 00 0 7 5 10 0 00 0 10 inf 0 00 0 There is the distribution of rtt round trip times of received pings Time intervals in the table are 1 4 of the Ti...

Page 187: ...cal interfaces RADIO ETH COM1 COM2 some internal interfaces between software modules can be monitored when such advanced diagnostics is needed Monitoring output can be viewed on line or saved to a file in the RipEX e g a remote RipEX and downloaded later Please find Internal interfaces explanation later in this description 187 RACOM s r o RipEX Radio modem Router Advanced Configuration ...

Page 188: ...om the respective software module e g RADIO or Terminal Server and vice versa When an external interface e g COM phy is monitored the Tx also means packets being transmitted from the RipEX over the respective interface Rx means received Understanding the directions over the internal interfaces may not be that straightforward please consult the diagram below for clarification Please note the separa...

Page 189: ...ce specific parameters RADIO Radio IP src The Radio IP source address of the frame has to be within the range defined aaa bbb ccc ddd mask Radio IP dst The Radio IP destination address of the frame has to be within the range defined aaa bbb ccc ddd mask Headers List box None Radio Link Data Coding Both Default None None only the Radio Link Protocol data is displayed Radio Link Radio Link Control H...

Page 190: ...uded in the monitoring output Applies to Bridge mode with Stream mode frame closing only Warning Stream mode traffic typically consists of large number of short frames hence excessive amount of monitoring data may be generated Note that TX frames in stream mode are not monitored Corrupted frames Tick box Default Ticked When un ticked the corrupted header CRC error data CRC error etc received frame...

Page 191: ...ached whichever event occurs first the file is closed and left waiting to be downloaded later The start and stop of monitoring to file is independent of the on line monitoring i e the monitoring output is recorded even when the on line monitoring is stopped Buttons Buttons located at the bottom of the monitoring screen come in two groups left Start Stop Clear buttons which control the on line moni...

Page 192: ...IP packet goes next The COM ports module does the conversion from messages received over the serial ports to UDP datagrams and vice versa The Radio channel module wraps unwraps IP packets into radio channel frames and handles all sorts of service frames The Terminal servers process messages from to virtual COM ports transforming them into from the same UDP datagrams as the COM port module does The...

Page 193: ...ace monitored COM port 1 physical layer frame received from an external device length 2 monitored frame length bytes 0x0000 monitored frame position Byte increments hexadecimal aaaa monitored frame 07 55 04 674861 timestamp RF phy Tx MP4 interface monitored RADIO channel physical layer frame transmitted to the antenna 88 physical layer Tx frame number IP 192 168 141 213 8881 SRC IP address and UDP...

Page 194: ...ave an IP address only port number 8881 source UDP frame with no IP address and port number 8881 192 168 141 215 8882 the destination IP and port depends on the com port protocol setting aaaa monitored frame report data transmitted over the radio channel can be shortened it depends on the COM port protocol RF rou Rx MP3 packet received by the radio channel module from router module IP 192 168 141 ...

Page 195: ...P 192 168 141 212 8888 192 168 141 214 8001 UDP len 40 RLhead 4ea0 01ac c701 ae0f 21 MC 10 10 10 10 213 10 10 10 214 LN 5 P 0 A y R 0x0000 0800 4500 0026 0002 4000 3f11 9ec9 c0a8 0x0010 8dd4 c0a8 8dd6 22b8 1f41 0012 ae15 0000 0x0020 0905 690f 5600 aaaa 08 23 20 493823 RF phy Rx 88 ACK rss 50 dq 235 RLhead 4000 ae0f 21 ETH ARP Request MP6 ARP Request received ETH ARP Reply MP7 ARP Reply transmitted...

Page 196: ...isplayed on an independent line while any interface is being monitored Record sequence problem Some records may be lost There is a problem in sequence of records for an unknown reason One or more records have been lost Can be displayed on an independent line while any interface is being monitored x missing record s detected x replaced by specific number records are missing Can be displayed on an i...

Page 197: ...full and next request for frame transmitting has been received The frame is discarded Displayed while RADIO Tx interface is being monitored as part of a packet header Incompatible frame Incompatible frame has been received A few of the possible causes may be foreign RL protocol unknown RLP packet type unknown RLP packet group unknown service incorrect ETH frame unsupported IP frame type Displayed ...

Page 198: ...s not Bridge or Frame closing COM is not Stream Displayed while RADIO Rx interface is being monitored as part of a packet header Router mode frame The frame in Router format has been received but Operating mode is set to Bridge Displayed while RADIO Rx interface is being monitored as part of a packet header RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 198 Advanced Configuration ...

Page 199: ...te and then Apply buttons Master when Master key unlocks all keys is active Master On hold The time limited key for a specific feature is On hold however the feature is active because of the Master key There are two ways to input the SW key into RipEX Fill in the key you have received from RACOM or your distributor in the Key box using copy paste or the SW key can be uploaded from a file Fill in t...

Page 200: ...ess parameters the login password Ethernet IP etc to defaults press the RESET button on the bottom side of RipEX enclosure for 15 sec See the User manual for details Total purge sets the very same settings as when the device was delivered from the factory I e Factory settings as above is applied and the flash memory is also totally cleared I e the not cleared items in Factory settings are cleared ...

Page 201: ...ectly from a USB flash disk Only FAT32 file system on flash disk is supported Download firmware file from www racom eu Save this file in the root directory of USB flash in a format ra1 RACOM VERSION cpio When SW key s will be uploaded save the respective file s also in the root directory with the file name s unchanged More SW keys can be saved on a single flash disk Remember that SW key is unique ...

Page 202: ...respective timeout expires Forced transmission of an ARP reply restores the communication with the neigbours immediately NOTE The ARP reply packet is automatically transmitted after every boot hence the manual invoc ation should not be necessary Nevertheless broadcasting an extra ARP reply following any IP or MAC address change is a good and recommended practice RSS sample when pressed the current...

Page 203: ...pEX units with different Remote access keys When you want to change the Remote access key in a network start from the most remote unit Active Information only the Active key is displayed here Default Information only the Default key is displayed here User Information only the User key is displayed here after the Generate button has been pressed Activate User key when pressed the User key displayed...

Page 204: ...t is intended to be used for laboratory measurements or antenna testing Type List box Carrier Random data Carrier only unmodulated carrier is transmitted Random data modulated random data is transmitted Default Carrier Period s Default 15 s possible values 1s 50s During this time period RipEX transmits after Start button is executed 7 7 9 Technical support package Technical support package is the ...

Page 205: ...he t parameter to send commands to remote RipEX s Every command gives a comprehensive help when invoked with h or help parameter There are two ways how to execute the CLI command It can either be executed in the interactive mode or in the script mode In the interactive mode you need to save apply or cancel every command If you choose the save option the change is stored in the buffer and it is not...

Page 206: ...000 chars Please select action save apply cancel a cli_cnf_set_com Configuration update accepted starting to perform Estimated time to finish 4000 ms Setting the COM1 baud rate script mode CLI admin cli_cnf_set_com 1 bitrate 9600 cs CLI admin cli_cnf_apply_change cs CLI admin Applying several commands at once CLI admin cli_cnf_set_radio rf power 19 Starting new update Updated values Radio IP 10 10...

Page 207: ...tion yes no y cli_cnf_apply_change Configuration update accepted starting to perform Estimated time to finish 13000 ms cli_cnf_apply_change You may be disconnected during update Remote RipEX COM1 parity configuration CLI admin cli_cnf_set_com 1 bitrate 9600 parity e t 10 10 10 3 Starting new update Updated values COM link type RS232 RS232 COM bitrate 9600 9600 COM data bits 8 8 COM parity Even e C...

Page 208: ...owing IP e g 192 168 169 250 Verify your PC s IP address from the command line Start Run command ipconfig Send a ping to the RipEX ping 192 168 169 169 If the ping runs successfully look for a problem with the browser configuration Sometimes the browser may need minutes to make new connection 3 I m configuring the RipEX in its default state but it s not working There is another RipEX with the defa...

Page 209: ...ommunication especially when high data rates are used Since the interfering signals come from different directions changing the direction of the antenna may solve the problem A unidirectional antenna should be used in the first place Metallic objects in close vicinity of the antenna may cause harmful reflections relocating the antenna by few meters may help Change of polarization at both ends of t...

Page 210: ...ty limit is never exceeded For the output power 0 2 W or lower the safety limit is not exceeded at any distance and any of the antennas The minimal safe distance is typically ensured by the antenna position on a mast When special install ation is required the conditions of the standard EN 50385 2002 have to be met The distance between the persons and antenna shown in the table bellow comply with a...

Page 211: ...5 110 2 9 4 6 single dipole OV160 1 70 150 5 8 7 6 stacked double dipole OV160 2 70 150 6 3 8 0 3 element directional Yagi SA160 3 120 260 17 8 12 5 5 element directional Yagi SA160 5 160 MHz 2 m band 2 W RF power Dist where the FCC limits are met for Gain G Gain G dBi Antenna description Antenna code General Population Controlled Expos ure cm General Population Uncontrolled Ex posure cm 40 90 2 9...

Page 212: ...ouble dipole OV380 2 80 180 5 8 7 6 3 element directional Yagi SA380 3 90 200 7 4 8 7 5 element directional Yagi SA380 5 140 310 17 8 12 5 9 element directional Yagi SA380 9 300 400 MHz 70 cm band 5 W RF power Dist where the FCC limits are met for Gain G Gain G dBi Antenna description Antenna code General Population Controlled Expos ure cm General Population Uncontrolled Ex posure cm 40 90 2 9 4 6...

Page 213: ... General Population Uncontrolled Ex posure cm 25 60 2 9 4 6 single dipole OV380 1 35 80 5 8 7 6 stacked double dipole OV380 2 35 80 5 8 7 6 3 element directional Yagi SA380 3 40 90 7 4 8 7 5 element directional Yagi SA380 5 70 140 17 8 12 5 9 element directional Yagi SA380 9 300 400 MHz 70 cm band 1 W RF power Dist where the FCC limits are met for Gain G Gain G dBi Antenna description Antenna code...

Page 214: ...ith the enclosure heatsink 10 4 RoHS and WEEE compliance This product is fully compliant with the European Parlament s 2011 65 EU RoHS Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment and 2012 19 EU WEEE Waste Elec trical and Electronic Equipment environmental directives Restriction of hazardous substances RoHS The RoHS Directive prohibits the sale in the European...

Page 215: ... electrical systems with special attention to lightning protection The unit must be powered with an intrinsically safe power source The antenna has to be installed outside the hazardous zone Do not manipulate the RipEX e g plug or unplug connectors unless powered down or the area is known to be non hazardous Only USB equipment dedicated for hazardous locations shall remain connected permanently Re...

Page 216: ...authorised way Equipment mentioned in this operator manual may only be used in accordance with instructions contained in this manual Error free and safe operation of this equipment is only guaranteed if this equipment is transported stored operated and controlled in the proper manner The same applies to equipment maintenance In order to prevent damage to the radio modem and other terminal equipmen...

Page 217: ... Version 1 0 November 2009 Copyright c 2001 RACOM s r o Mírová 1283 Nové Město na Moravě 592 31 Everyone can copy and spread word for word copies of this license but any change is not permitted The program binary version is available for free on the contacts listed on http www racom eu This product contains open source or another software originating from third parties subject to GNU General Publi...

Page 218: ...th the Directive 2014 53 EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999 5 EC Harmonised standards used for demonstration of conformity Spectrum EN 300 113 2 V1 5 1 EN 302 561 V1 3 2 EMC EN 301 489 1 V1 9 2 EN 301 489 5 V1 3 1 Safety EN 60950 1 2006 ...

Page 219: ...00 vastab direktiivi 2014 53 EL nõuetele EL Με την παρούσα ο η RACOM s r o δηλώνει ότι ο ραδιοεξοπλισμός RipEX 160 RipEX 300 RipEX 400 πληροί την οδηγία 2014 53 ΕΕ EN Hereby RACOM s r o declares that the radio equipment type RipEX 160 RipEX 300 RipEX 400 is in compliance with Directive 2014 53 EU FR Le soussigné RACOM s r o déclare que l équipement radioélectrique du type RipEX 160 RipEX 300 RipEX...

Page 220: ...pamento de rádio RipEX 160 RipEX 300 RipEX 400 está em conformidade com a Diretiva 2014 53 UE RO Prin prezenta RACOM s r o declară că tipul de echipamente radio RipEX 160 RipEX 300 RipEX 400 este în conformitate cu Directiva 2014 53 UE SK RACOM s r o týmto vyhlasuje že rádiové zariadenie typu RipEX 160 RipEX 300 RipEX 400 je v súlade so smernicou 2014 53 EÚ SL RACOM s r o potrjuje da je tip radijs...

Page 221: ...10 10 ATEX Certificate Fig 10 2 ATEX Certificate RipEX 1 3 221 RACOM s r o RipEX Radio modem Router Safety environment licensing ...

Page 222: ...Fig 10 3 ATEX Certificate RipEX 2 3 RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 222 Safety environment licensing ...

Page 223: ...Fig 10 4 ATEX Certificate RipEX 3 3 223 RACOM s r o RipEX Radio modem Router Safety environment licensing ...

Page 224: ...l Communications Commission FCC ID FCC part Code SQT RIPEX 135 90 RipEX 135 SQT RIPEX 154 90 RipEX 154 SQT RIPEX 215 90 RipEX 215 SQTRA400 400 90 RipEX 400 SQTRA400 432 90 RipEX 432 SQT RIPEX 928 101 RipEX 928 RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 224 Safety environment licensing ...

Page 225: ...400 MHz RipEX 400 RipEX Radio modem Router 400 512 MHz RipEX 900 RipEX Radio modem Router 928 960 MHz RipEX HS 19 Hot standby chassis RipEX units excl pow supplies incl RipEX HSB 19 Battery pack chassis for RipEX HS batteries excl RipEX_DEMO_CASE Demo case without radio modems RipEX_D_RACK_230 19 rack shelf double incl 2 PS 100 256 VAC 24 VDC RipEX_D_RACK_48 19 rack shelf double incl 2 PS 48 VDC 2...

Page 226: ...paid freight If circumstances do not permit the equipment to be returned to RACOM then the customer is liable and agrees to reim burse RACOM for expenses incurred by RACOM during servicing the equipment on site When equipment does not qualify for servicing under warranty RACOM shall charge the customer and be reimbursed for costs incurred for parts and labour at prevailing rates This warranty agre...

Page 227: ...nts Condition of the accumulator Annually Functionality check power source Overcharging Accumulator damage Annually Full utilization of provided protective coverings Annually Remove any items which are not part of the installation Annually Fix and secure makeshift installations correctly As required Check grounding connections As required Check lightning arrester connectors must be tightened Annua...

Page 228: ...B tables and whole file OID mappings can be downloaded from http www racom eu eng products radio modem ripex html download More details are described in Application note See RipEX App notes SNMP 1 1 http www racom eu eng products m ripex app snmp html RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 228 OID mappings ...

Page 229: ...ion Equipment DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol POS Point of sale PWR Power DNS Domain Name Server DQ Data Quality RF Radio Frequency RipEX Radio IP Exchanger DTE Data Terminal Equipment EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility RoHS Restriction of the use of Hazardeous Substances FCC Federal Communications Commission RPT Repeater FEC Forward Error Correction RSS Received Signal Strength FEP Front...

Page 230: ...n Control Protocol TS5 Terminal server 5 TX Transmitter UDP User Datagram Protocol VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment RipEX Radio modem Router RACOM s r o 230 Abbreviations ...

Page 231: ... 52 200 demo case 73 diagnostic 29 dimensions 43 DQ 35 186 194 E environment 210 ETH param 134 F factory settings 200 features 10 feedline cable 78 firewall 103 firmware 200 firmware update 30 flexible protocol 19 G GNU licence 217 GPS 53 69 graphs 112 180 grounding 89 H hazardous locations 215 helps on web 91 Hot Standby 96 I important notifications 216 input hw 48 installation 85 IP serial 28 K ...

Page 232: ...de 8 R radio parameters 59 protocol 116 Base driven 126 Flexible 122 Transparent 119 remote access 91 repeater bridge 13 router 21 report by exception 13 reset 52 202 RipEX 10 RipEX Hot Standby 72 RoHS and WEEE 214 router 19 95 122 126 routing configuration 161 RSS 186 194 S safety 210 distance 210 SCADA 27 sensitivity 58 sleep 48 55 SNMP 100 statistics 111 179 supply connection 47 49 90 consumpti...

Page 233: ...s Safety distance Advanced Configuration 2013 04 29 Revision 1 5 Added information about new features Backup routes TCP proxy ARP proxy VLAN FW and SW keys upgrade via USB SLIP and Siemens 3964 R SCADA protocols Upgraded chapters Important Notice Key Features Bridge mode Firmware update and upgrade Technical specification Model offerings Accessories Warranty Advanced Configuration 2014 02 17 Revis...

Page 234: ...ncorporated Base driven radio protocol Individual link option in Flexible radio protocol New serial SCADA protocol PR2000 Migration solution Upgraded chapters RipEX Radio router RipEX in detail Network planning Accessories Advanced Configuration 2016 12 12 Revision 1 15 Update of the firmware upgrade via USB 2016 12 28 Revision 1 16 Formal adjustments in the chapter Advanced Configuration 2017 03 ...

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