Panametrics DigitalFlow GM868, Service Manual

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DigitalFlow™ GM868 Service Manual 27
Chapter 3. Diagnostics
3.4.2 Pipe Problems
Pipe-related problems may result either from a failure to observe the installation instructions, as described in the
Startup Guide, or from improper programming of the meter. By far, the most common pipe problems are the
following:
1. The collection of material at the transducer location(s).
Accumulated debris at the transducer location(s) will interfere with transmission of the ultrasound signals. As a
result, accurate flow rate measurements are not possible. Realignment of the flowcell or transducers often cures
such problems, and in some cases, transducers that protrude into the flow stream may be used. Refer to Chapter
1, Installation, of the Startup Guide for more details on proper installation practices.
2.
Inaccurate pipe measurements.
The accuracy of the flow rate measurements is no better than the accuracy of the programmed pipe
dimensions. For a flowcell supplied by Panametrics, the correct data will be included in the documentation. For
other flowcells, measure the pipe wall thickness and diameter with the same accuracy desired in the flow rate
readings. Also, check the pipe for dents, eccentricity, weld deformity, straightness and other factors that may
cause inaccurate readings. Refer to Chapter 2,
Initial Setup, of the Startup Guide for instructions on programming
the pipe data.
In addition to the actual pipe dimensions, the path length (P) and the axial dimension (L), based on the actual
transducer mounting locations, must be accurately programmed into the flowmeter. For a Panametrics flowcell,
this data will be included with the documentation for the system. If the transducers are mounted onto an existing
pipe, these dimensions must be precisely measured. See Appendix D,
Measuring P and L Dimensions, of the
Startup Guide for a thorough discussion of this topic.
3.5 Transducer Problems
Ultrasonic transducers are rugged, reliable devices. However, they are subject to physical damage from mishandling
and chemical attack. The most common transducer problems are listed below:
1. LEAKS: Leaks may occur around the transducer and/or the flowcell fittings. Repair such leaks immediately. If the
leaking gas is corrosive, carefully check the transducer and cables for damage, after the leak has been repaired.
2. CORROSION DAMAGE: If the transducer material was not properly chosen for the intended application, the
transducers may suffer corrosion damage. The damage usually occurs either at the electrical connector or on
the transducer surface. If corrosion is suspected, remove the transducer from the flowcell and carefully inspect
the electrical connector and the transducer surface for roughness and/or pitting. Any transducer damaged in
this manner must be replaced. Contact the factory for information on transducers in materials suitable for the
application.
3. INTERNAL DAMAGE: An ultrasonic transducer consists of a ceramic crystal bonded to the transducer case. The
bond between the crystal and the case, or the crystal itself may be damaged by extreme mechanical shock
and/or temperature extremes. Also, the internal wiring can be corroded or shorted if contaminants enter the
transducer housing.
4. PHYSICAL DAMAGE: Transducers may be physically damaged by dropping them onto a hard surface or striking
them against another object. The transducer connector is the most fragile part and is the one most subject to
damage. Minor damage may be repaired by carefully bending the connector back into shape. If the connector
can not be repaired, the transducers must be replaced.
Note: Transducers must be replaced in pairs. Refer to Chapter 2, Initial Setup, of the Startup Guide to program the
replacement transducer data into the meter.
If the instructions in this section fail to resolve the problem, contact the factory for assistance.