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7-2

REFERENCES ORBAN

MODEL

1010

Gregory C. Demetriades

Streaming Media: Building and Implementing a Complete Streaming

System

Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2003
Michael Topic

Streaming Media Demystified

McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2002
David Austerberry

The Technology of Video and Audio Streaming

Focal Press, 2002
Joseph G. Follansbee

Get Streaming! : Quick Steps to Delivering Audio and Video Online

Focal Press, 2004

Internet Links

Apple QuickTime

Main QuickTime Page

http://www.apple.com/quicktime/

QuickTime Products

http://www.apple.com/quicktime/products/

QuickTime and QuickTime Pro

http://www.apple.com/quicktime/products/qt/

QuickTime Streaming Server

http://www.apple.com/quicktime/products/qtss/

Darwin Streaming Server

http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/streaming/

QuickTime Documentation

http://developer.apple.com/documentation/QuickTime/

QuickTime for the Web

http://developer.apple.com/documentation/QuickTime/QTBooks/QT4WebBook.htm

Icecast

Main Page

http://www.icecast.org/

Downloads

http://www.icecast.org/download.php

Documents

http://www.icecast.org/docs.php

Summary of Contents for OPTICODEC-PC 1010

Page 1: ...Technical Manual OPTICODEC PC 1010 AAC HE AAC aacPlus Audio Streaming Encoder for Windows 2000 XP 2003 Server PRELIMINARY Version 1 0 Software...

Page 2: ...Model Model Number Description 1010 LE OPTICODEC PC LE AAC HE AAC aacPlus encoder for a single stream of 8 32 kbps for use with any qual ity Windows compliant sound card 1010 PE OPTICODEC PC PE AAC H...

Page 3: ...hipping Wrap the unit in its original plastic bag to avoid abrading the paint If you are returning the unit permanently for credit be sure to enclose The Manual s The Registration Warranty Card The in...

Page 4: ......

Page 5: ...Technical Manual OPTICODEC PC 1010 AAC HE AAC aacPlus Audio Streaming Encoder for Windows 2000 XP 2003 Server PRELIMINARY Version 1 0 Software...

Page 6: ...n Opticodec Optimod and Orban are registered trademarks All trademarks are property of their respective companies This manual is part number 96127 100 01 Copyright 2004 CRL Systems Inc 1525 ALVARADO S...

Page 7: ...rld to many great artists these discoveries would never have become part of the radio and music history that they now are Just as many of these great artists have moved on from creating hit music to f...

Page 8: ......

Page 9: ...Efficiency 1 10 Encoding Stereo 1 10 Opticodec PC Codecs 1 10 Table 1 1 aacPlus Audio Bandwidth vs Bitrate Sample rate and Channel Mode 1 11 Table 1 2 AAC Audio Bandwidth vs Bitrate Sample rate and C...

Page 10: ...Server 2 6 Audio Levels 2 8 Configuration Command Line Interface CLI 2 8 Querying Audio Devices 2 8 Command Line Syntax Unicast 2 8 Command Line Syntax Multicast 2 9 Arguments 2 9 Creating Batch Files...

Page 11: ...Player Access 4 6 Access Control 4 7 Allow Write Access 4 7 qtaccess file to allow any encoder access to DSS 4 7 qtaccess file to limit encoder access to DSS 4 7 Allow Authenticated Client Player Acc...

Page 12: ...ware Client Player File Formats 5 2 Software Client Player Streaming Protocols 5 2 Table 5 4 Software Client Player Streaming Protocols 5 2 REAL NETWORKS REALPLAYER 10 5 3 Figure 5 1 RealPlayer 10 GUI...

Page 13: ...20 MULTIPLE PLAYERS ON A SINGLE COMPUTER 5 21 SECTION 6 SERVICE PROVIDERS 6 1 Content Delivery Hosting Services 6 1 Content Encoding Audio Production 6 1 Authoring Multimedia Web Design 6 1 Live Encod...

Page 14: ......

Page 15: ...st available audio quality at the lowest possible bitrate Streams encoded with Optico dec PC can be experienced through RealPlayer 10 QuickTime 6 Winamp 5 05 vari ous Ethernet players and 3G wireless...

Page 16: ...Opticodec PC Together Optimod PC and Opticodec PC provide a unique and tightly tuned system that offers the best audio quality streams possible with today s technology Opticodec PC is available in two...

Page 17: ...PC PCI Sound Card WAV OUT WAV IN OPTICODEC PC Streaming Audio Encoder TCP UDP IP OPTICODEC PC Streaming Audio Encoder OPTICODEC PC Streaming Audio Encoder QTSS DSS Streaming Server R E T U P M O C R...

Page 18: ...56MB 512 MB recommended This specification denotes the minimum CPU power necessary to control one OPTIMOD PC card with external audio sources and one instance of the OPTICODEC PC encoder Additional ca...

Page 19: ...laris 9 LE Version COMPUTER Minimum System Requirements Windows 2000 Intel Pentium II 400MHz RAM 64MB 128MB recommended Windows XP Intel Pentium II 400MHz RAM 128MB 256MB recommended Windows 2003 Serv...

Page 20: ...ovements and changes without notice Opticodec PC TE Test Edition is available upon request for testing en coder server connectivity With limited functionality it allows testing network connectivity an...

Page 21: ...same computer that houses Optimod PC While there are several types of audio processors available other than Optimod PC conventional AM FM or TV audio processors that employ pre emphasis de emphasis an...

Page 22: ...evices for professional playout systems used in automation mode Given the CPUs available today MPEG1 Layer 2 and or Layer 3 decoding can occur at the operating system level eliminating the requirement...

Page 23: ...ging manifests itself as a smearing of sharp transient sounds in music such as those produced by claves and wood blocks Psychoacoustic Models Perceptual coders exploit complex models of the human audi...

Page 24: ...some correlation between the left and right channels of a stereo signal At lower bitrates one way to achieve higher quality is to exploit this correla tion when coding stereo information Depending on...

Page 25: ...1ch Mono 16 32 44 1 48 12 3 11 7 12 0 1ch Mono 20 32 44 1 48 14 5 14 8 15 4 1ch Mono 24 32 44 1 48 15 3 14 8 15 4 1ch Mono 28 32 44 1 48 16 0 16 2 16 9 1ch Mono 32 32 44 1 48 16 0 16 2 16 9 1ch Mono 4...

Page 26: ...1ch Mono 128 32 44 1 48 16 0 22 1 24 0 1ch Mono 160 32 44 1 48 16 0 22 1 24 0 2ch Stereo 24 24 6 6 2ch Stereo 28 24 6 6 2ch Stereo 32 24 6 6 2ch Stereo 40 24 32 8 5 8 5 2ch Stereo 48 24 32 8 5 8 5 8 5...

Page 27: ...4 HE AAC MPEG ISO IEC 14496 3 2001 AMD 1 Bandwidth Extension With the addition of MPEG Parametric Stereo MPEG ISO IEC 14496 3 2001 AMD 2 Parametric coding for high quality au dio aacPlus v2 is the st...

Page 28: ...ave the luxury of high bitrates use Layer 2 at 128 kb sec channel or above 256 kb sec stereo This will be audibly transparent for as many as ten passes Avoid Layer 3 sources Layer 3 was never rated tr...

Page 29: ...th requirements for this connection depend upon the bitrate and number of streams being sent to the server A high reliability connection is also recommended to prevent encoder server discon nects alth...

Page 30: ...Total Concurrent Bandwidth 20 Total Throughput for 1 Hour Distance Learning 100 20 kbps 2 4 Mbps 990 MB Small Corporate Meeting 100 32 kbps 3 8 Mbps 17 1 MB Medium Entertainment Stream 1000 48 kbps 57...

Page 31: ...they happen with the assistance of broadcasting encoding software such as Orban Opticodec PC Streaming Encoder The broadcasting software encodes a live source such as studio originated audio in real...

Page 32: ...tent even if this has not happened automatically which it usually does Conversely the content bitrate determines how quickly a streaming server sends media content to a player client Streaming servers...

Page 33: ...ntrol over the streaming media content by being able to pause seek and play only the parts they want Depending upon the server platform in use multicasting can allow many users to connect into one str...

Page 34: ...P if a packet gets dropped on the way from the server to the client player the server just keeps on sending data UDP s philosophy is that it is better to have a momentary glitch in the media content t...

Page 35: ...c n E n 2 t r o P 1 n 2 t r o P t r o P d d O n a b r O C P c e d o c i t p O a t a D o i d u A d n a l o r t n o C l o r t n o C a t a D o i d u A t s e u q e R d n e s e R t e k c a P 4 5 5 t r o P...

Page 36: ...encoder The stream will stop and re buffer if data rate exceeds network connection speed HTTP ICY uses TCP IP protocol to ensure that all streaming packets are deliv ered retransmitting if necessary T...

Page 37: ...ends than for the media content itself TCP is not designed for efficient real time delivery or careful bandwidth con trol but for accurate and reliable delivery of every bit HTTP does not attempt to s...

Page 38: ...icast to a stream in a local network can result in heavy network traffic However this technique is the most reliable and most common for delivery over the Internet because no special transport support...

Page 39: ...is not possible using HTTP or HTTP ICY since it uses TCP IP r e y a l P t n e i l C g n i m a e r t S r e v r e S g n i m a e r t S r e d o c n E r e y a l P t n e i l C r e y a l P t n e i l C r e y...

Page 40: ...r t S t s a c i n U r e y a l P t n e i l C r e y a l P t n e i l C t e n r e t n I Figure 1 11 Relay Server FUNCTION RTSP RTP Streaming Server HTTP ICY Streaming Server HTTP Web Server Live Streaming...

Page 41: ...ible streaming media player client and directly entering the URL of the stream Using a web browser and a server compatible streaming media player client embedded in a web page Using a server compatibl...

Page 42: ......

Page 43: ...lication is serialized to match the Optimod PC card with which it will be used It cannot be used with another Optimod PC card For each Op timod PC card in a given computer one Opticodec PC PE applicat...

Page 44: ...ton with its packing materials because both the carton and packing material have been carefully designed to protect the manual and CD from damage C Complete the Registration Card and return it to Orba...

Page 45: ...he computer hardware in which it is installed Once the software is prop erly installed and runs the first time it will guide you through the details of authentication To summarize the authentication p...

Page 46: ...Opticodec PC GUI Sound Device The SOUND DEVICE is only available on Opticodec PC LE SOUND DEVICE selects the Windows sound device that will provide audio input to Optocidec PC On Opticodec PC PE you c...

Page 47: ...io or audio files or should be set lower We do not recommend upsampling or setting the sample rate higher than the input rate This does not improve quality because the original source determines the q...

Page 48: ...dec PC fully supports the multicast protocol there are currently no multicast player clients available to support aacPlus HE AAC Apple QuickTime supports AAC only however aacPlus HE AAC will play at h...

Page 49: ...r If you are using a RTSP RTP streaming server provide the server encoder user name 7 Pass Provide the server encoder password for streaming server 8 Encode Click Encode This will Start the Encoder Au...

Page 50: ...s You can run several in stances of Opticodec PC PE at a time given enough available CPU power Querying Audio Devices To show the audio devices or ports available on your computer you must run an incl...

Page 51: ...Multicast to Internal RTSP Server opticodec pc_pe 1 32000 1 48 1 0 0 Stream Name Info Copyright 2004 554 1 Arguments input port number audio device number derived from running showAudioInputPorts exe...

Page 52: ...mpensate for the fact that VU meters do not indicate peaks instead indicating average levels In the digital domain it is perfectly acceptable for audio levels to reach 0 dBfs meaning 0 dB with referen...

Page 53: ...ction 3 Configuration Streaming Encoder Unicast RTSP RTP Darwin Streaming Server Encoder Server Same Computer Any encoder running on the same computer as DSS can connect without au thentication A User...

Page 54: ...0 0 1 or rtsp localhost Port 554 Default Determined by server configuration Username Leave this empty Password Leave this empty Filename StreamName sdp Stream name of your choice The filename must no...

Page 55: ...ame must not contain spaces must end with a sdp extension may contain directory paths Is case sensitive Server Connection When Opticodec PC Streaming Encoder negotiates a connection with the streaming...

Page 56: ...QuickTime At this time it only supports AAC not HE AAC aacPlus Encoder Destination Server Parameters Server RTSP RTP Multicast URL Leave this empty Port 554 Default Determined by server configuration...

Page 57: ...Class D addresses 224 0 0 0 through 239 255 255 255 If you are to multicast on the Internet you must allocate these addresses through IANA Optico dec PC will dynamically assign a multicast address to...

Page 58: ...nnel setting of Stereo v2 This will pro vide the best codec performance at low bitrates Encoder Destination Server Parameters Server HTTP ICY SHOUTcast URL http streaming server ip address or http str...

Page 59: ...er In the event that outbound ports are blocked or a software firewall is used the appropriate ports will require opening FUNCTION PORT PROTOCOL DIRECTION Encoder Opticodec PC RTSP Default 8000 TCP Ou...

Page 60: ...t contain spaces must end with a aac extension may contain a directory path is case sensitive Firewall Considerations Most hardware firewalls and routers will automatically open the necessary out boun...

Page 61: ...at provides state of the art quality of service features and support for the latest digital media standards MPEG 4 and 3GPP Supported Protocols RTSP over TCP The Real Time Streaming Protocol RTSP is a...

Page 62: ...est RTCP packets on another channel explicitly This is done by specifying two channels in the interleaved parameter of the transport header RTCP is used for synchronization when two or more streams ar...

Page 63: ...source tcpview shtml Ethereal http www ethereal com Installation 1 Install ActivePerl A Download ActivePerl 5 8 or above for Microsoft Windows http www activeperl com Products ActivePerl B Save the ms...

Page 64: ...DSS remotely require extra se curity and have a valid SSL certificate installed for secure remote admini stration Your browser must also support SSL K DSS Admin will display the default Media path Acc...

Page 65: ...figured DSS access and authentication are not configured using the DSS Remote Administration browser interface DSS can also be configured to control client player access to live streams as well as str...

Page 66: ...server ip address or rtsp streaming_server_domain_name Port 554 Username Leave this Empty Password Leave this Empty Filename StreamName sdp The filename may include a directory path must contain no s...

Page 67: ...Files Darwin Streaming Server Movies If an access file is not present all cli ents are allowed to access the media in the directory and all encoders on other computers will have no write access The fi...

Page 68: ...ming Server qtgroups A group file is op tional If you have many users instead of listing each user it may be easier to set up one or more groups and then to enter the group names AuthScheme Authentica...

Page 69: ...ame and encoder is the username D DSS will prompt for user password Enter it E To add additional Users repeat steps B through D Be careful when using qtpasswd in with the c option The qtusers file als...

Page 70: ...ly extra security DSS Remote Administration does not start automatically on boot To allow DSS Remote Administration to be available after any reboot it is recommended but not required that a Shortcut...

Page 71: ...554 TCP In Player Media RTSP RTP UDP 6970 6999 UDP Out In Player Media RTSP RTP TCP Interleave 554 TCP Out Player Media HTTP Tunneling 80 TCP Out Player Media HTTP ICY Default 8000 TCP Out DSS Remote...

Page 72: ...nt negotiation authentication metadata and media data are specific to SHOUTcast This protocol has the advantage of working through most fire walls easily Installation Microsoft Windows This informatio...

Page 73: ...d SHOUTcast DNAS http www shoutcast com download license phtml A Accept the license agreement B Save the SHOUTcast WIN32 Console GUI server file to any directory 2 Install SHOUTcast DNAS A Run the dis...

Page 74: ...when done D Restart the server The new changes will take effect DNAS installation is now complete 3 Create a Shortcut for Auto Startup optional A Create a Shortcut for C Program Files SHOUTcast sc_ser...

Page 75: ...n finished save the file with a unique filename having a file extension of ini for each server instance e g sc_serv1 ini sc_serv2 ini This will be the filename specified in the bat file created later...

Page 76: ...graphical user interface Remote Administration SHOUTcast DNAS provides remote administration via a web browser A Open a web browser to http serverIP or domain port B Log in using the admin password th...

Page 77: ...warded accordingly Icecast2 Icecast2 is a free downloadable open source streaming audio server capable of streaming both live streams encoded with Orban Opticodec PC Streaming Encoder and files produc...

Page 78: ...u Depending upon the application and or client player capacity of the streaming sys tem you intend to serve Icecast2 requirements will vary Since Icecast2 is available for Microsoft Windows it is poss...

Page 79: ...Edit the items under the authentication header The default values are source password hackme source password admin password hackme admin password B If a port other than the default is to be used edit...

Page 80: ...n32 Icecast2 exe B And include it in C Documents and Settings All Users Start Menu Programs Startup Server User Interface This is the Icecast2 server graphical user interface It shows the Server Statu...

Page 81: ...er downloads the file to the client player computer even though the file will play as it is downloading Conversely Icecast2 streams the file It does not download the file If the default directory is u...

Page 82: ...ec PC HTTP Default 8000 TCP In Player Media HTTP ICY Default 8000 TCP Out Note Ports shown in this chart are default values Actual ports used must be configured in the firewall and or router Table 4 3...

Page 83: ...players and their supported protocols More players are adding support for AAC HE AAC aacPlus as users dis cover its superior sound quality and bandwidth efficiency Open source players are also availa...

Page 84: ...Streaming Protocols Different streaming protocols suit different network conditions On a lossless net work such as a well designed LAN WAN any of the protocols will work with little performance differ...

Page 85: ...ealPlayer A Go to the START MENU REALPLAYER or double click the RealPlayer Windows Taskbar Icon B Click FILE OPEN in the menu bar An Open dialog box will appear 2 Enter the URL of the stream A If the...

Page 86: ...t the stream such as the stream URL and depending upon the type of metafile or playlist file some optional infor mation to control the player There are two common types of metafiles or playlist files...

Page 87: ...main rtsp_port stream sdp parameter value parameter value parameter value Example rpm files rtsp 123 45 67 8 554 live sdp rtsp opticodec net 554 live sdp C Save the file with a rpm file extension when...

Page 88: ...none Gives a URL for the media browser rpurlparams parameters none Appends parameters to rpurl rpurltarget _rpbrowser name _rpbrowser Sets the target for rpurl as the media browser pane or a secondar...

Page 89: ...Network Transport settings from their default values Certain firewalls and or routers may not pass UDP packets or they are unreliable and the audio stream contains excessive dropouts In this case cha...

Page 90: ...les on the web server and linking to them in the HTML code that produces the web page Refer to the previ ous section for information about metafiles and playlist files and how to create them This sect...

Page 91: ...ing the HTML file A web browser will open with your stream linked web page E Clicking on the Stream Link will launch RealPlayer connect and play the stream 2 Move the HTML and Playlist Files to the We...

Page 92: ...5 2 Apple QuickTime 6 GUI shown playing a live Opticodec PC stream Direct URL Entry and Play 1 Start QuickTime A Go to the START MENU QUICKTIME or double click the Taskbar Icon B Click FILE OPEN URL i...

Page 93: ...ormation about the stream such as the stream URL and depending upon the type of file some optional information to control the player There are two different types of files for use with QuickTime which...

Page 94: ...ameter Value Default Function autoplay true false none Automatic play regardless of player setting controller true false true Player controller controls exposure fullscreen normal double half current...

Page 95: ...tion x quicktime media link embed src rtsp opticodec net 554 file mp4 controller false Do not forget at the end of the file It will not work without it C Save the file with a qtl file extension when d...

Page 96: ...nking to them in the HTML code that produces the web page Refer to Metafile Playlist Files starting on page 5 11 for information about these files and how to create them This section assumes you have...

Page 97: ...am linked web page Clicking on the Stream Link will launch QuickTime Player which will connect and play the stream Any other QuickTime Player instructions described in the qtl file will also be invoke...

Page 98: ...RL in the menu bar An Open URL dialog box will appear 2 Enter the URL of the stream A If the live stream is served from SHOUTcast DNAS the syntax is http ip address or domain port example http 123 45...

Page 99: ...am for distribution to other users or for use as streaming links on web pages Metafiles playlist media link and some reference movie files are text files that simply contain information about the stre...

Page 100: ...ream The sign after Title signifies the file or stream number Length Length in seconds 1 forces the time entry to be ignored and is used for unspecified or live streams The sign after Length signifies...

Page 101: ...reaches capacity the next server in the list will attempt to deliver the stream Files and live streams may be referenced in the same pls file for exam ple to play a stream ID or pre announce file bef...

Page 102: ...t them as well Figure 5 7 Winamp 5 05 Preferences General Preferences File Types Live File Stream Linking in a Web Page Winamp may be launched and play streams or files directly from a streaming link...

Page 103: ...rowser will open with your stream linked web page Clicking on the Stream Link will launch Winamp connect and play the stream 2 Move the HTML and Playlist Files to the Web Server A Using an ftp client...

Page 104: ......

Page 105: ...ete hosted and managed servers To determine what ser vices to employ you must decide how much or how little control you want over your stream and how much you want to pay an external provider We advis...

Page 106: ...es audio mixing equipment encoding computer or com puters and remote Intranet and or Internet connectivity Service providers should use Opticodec PC AAC HE AAC aacPlus Streaming Encoders to capture an...

Page 107: ...s are the same as those used with older codecs As with many modern tech nologies streaming is an evolving technology so new publications and Internet re sources will appear from time to time Books and...

Page 108: ...e QuickTime Main QuickTime Page http www apple com quicktime QuickTime Products http www apple com quicktime products QuickTime and QuickTime Pro http www apple com quicktime products qt QuickTime Str...

Page 109: ...http www shoutcast com support docs Winamp Client Player http www winamp com SMIL SMIL 2 0 Interactive Multimedia for Web and Mobile Devices http www xmediasmil net SMIL Adding Multimedia to the Web...

Page 110: ...ports html Funnel Web Analyzer http www quest com funnel_web analyzer MRTG Multi Router Traffic Grapher http mrtg hdl com mrtg htm NetTracker Web Analytics Solutions http www sane com Sawmill Log Anal...

Page 111: ...A2000 and UMTS 3G will allow many benefits as broadband and high speed communication representing a shift from voice centric services to multimedia oriented like video voice data and fax services 3G w...

Page 112: ...ange However by installing 802 11b de vices at reasonable distances from other appliances interference can easily be avoided 802 11b is the lowest cost in the 802 11 family Signal range is best and is...

Page 113: ...dio quality are still small compared to the increase in complexity AAC LTP is rarely if ever used and cannot be recommended for broad casting AAC LD Low Delay is the low delay variant of AAC It specif...

Page 114: ...in the directory in which the access file is stored administrator A user with server or directory domain administration privileges administrator computer A computer with server administrator software...

Page 115: ...e famous V standards for modem speed and compression V 90 and so on Although this organization changed its name to ITU T International Tele communications Union Telecommunication the old French name l...

Page 116: ...DMZ is outside the in ternal network but is still secured by the firewall Both the internal network and the external network usually the Internet can access computers in the DMZ but net work traffic c...

Page 117: ...erver and download files depending on their access privileges Most Internet browsers and a number of freeware applications can be used to access an FTP server G 711 ITU International Telecommunication...

Page 118: ...en superseded by H 263v2 a k a H 263 or H 263 1998 H 264 MPEG 4 part 10 H 323 HD High Definition HDMI High Definition Multimedia Interface A high bandwidth digital inter face that allows high quality...

Page 119: ...segment which shares a network address with other portions of the network and is identified by a subnet number IPV4 IPV6 ISDN It Still Does Nothing ISMA compliant ISP Internet service provider A busi...

Page 120: ...in a movie or the overlapping of sprites When it plays a movie QuickTime displays the movie s images according to their layer images with lower layer numbers are displayed on top images with higher la...

Page 121: ...3 MP4 file A file format for MPEG 4 MPEG 1 Layer 2 A popular professional format for compressing and storing and delivering audio that can achieve transparent ratings at higher bitrates It is used fo...

Page 122: ...es of a network and that may contain control information address information or data In layered systems a unit of data that is specified in a protocol of a given layer and that consists of protocol co...

Page 123: ...SK Phase Shift Keying QCELP QualComm Code Excited Linear Preditive Coding Speech codec used in 3GPP2 CCK Complementary Code Keying CDMA devices QoS Quality of Service qtaccess The name of the plain te...

Page 124: ...audio Higher sample rates yield higher quality audio than lower sample rates SAP Session Announcement Protocol A protocol used to announce Internet multicast conferencing sessions A conference is ann...

Page 125: ...at is assigned to a computer or device once and is never changed streaming Delivery of audio or video data over a network in real time as a stream of packets instead of a single file download TCP Tran...

Page 126: ...eely from point to point in an on demand movie URL Universal Resource Locator A uniform way of specifying locations on the Internet or a local file system USB USB2 VBR variable bitrate A method of com...

Page 127: ...ted on servers all around the world that can be read and interacted with by computer XLR plug A three pin audio connector that can be used with three wire balanced cables which cause electromagnetic i...

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