MARTINDALE VR2250 User Instruction Manual Download Page 50

Page: 50 / 131

VR2250

Page 50 of 131

6.5.

EARTH:

SOIL RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS

Turn the

switch

to the

EARTH

position.

The

key permits to select one of the following measuring modes (which

can be shown cyclically when pressing the key):

Mode

"2-W"

(the instrument measures the resistance between 2 points).

Mode

"3-W"

(the instrument measures the resistance using two auxiliary

earth rods).

Mode

(the instrument measures the ground resistivity).

At the end of each test, instrument shows automatically the average value of Earth
Resistance or Earth Resistivity calculated on the base of any measured values until that
moment.

key clear average value of Earth Resistance or Earth Resistivity and the

counter of executed Resistance measures.

CAUTION

Never disconnect the test leads from the circuit under test when the
message

"MEASURING"

is displayed

Summary of Contents for VR2250

Page 1: ...VR2250 Page 1 of 131 VR2250 INSTALLATION ANALYSER MULTIFUNCTION TEST INSTRUMENT USER INSTRUCTION MANUAL ...

Page 2: ...rement with 50V 100V 250V 500V 1000V Test Voltage 20 6 2 1 Measurement Procedure 20 6 2 2 Results of MAN mode 22 6 2 3 Results of TMR mode 23 6 2 4 MAN and TIMER mode faulty cases 24 6 3 RCD Test on A and AC RCDs Type 25 6 3 1 Tripping times for the general and selective RCDs 27 6 3 2 Measurement procedure 28 6 3 3 RCD Faulty cases 33 6 4 LOOP Measurement of Line Impedance Fault loop Impedance Pro...

Page 3: ...ion 76 8 5 1 Symbols 76 8 5 2 METER mode 77 8 5 3 HARM mode 78 8 5 4 WAVE mode 79 8 6 POWER Function 80 8 6 1 Symbols 80 8 6 2 METER mode 81 8 6 3 WAVE mode 82 8 7 ENERGY Function 83 8 7 1 Symbols 83 8 7 2 METER mode 84 8 8 Measuring Procedures 85 8 8 1 Using the Instrument in a Single Phase System 85 8 8 2 Using the Instrument in a Three Phase System 86 9 SAVING RESULTS 87 9 1 Saving Safety Test ...

Page 4: ...ircuit Separation 112 16 4 Earth Resistance Measurement in TT Systems 115 16 5 Working Test of RCDs Rcd Rcd Dc Rcd S Rcd Dc S 116 16 6 Test of RCD Tripping Time Rcd Rcd Dc 117 16 7 Measurement of Short Circuit Fault Impedance Zpn Zpp 118 16 8 Fault Loop Impedance Measurement Phase Earth 118 16 9 Earth Resistivity Measurement 119 16 10 Voltage Anomalies Voltage S and Surge 121 16 11 Voltage and cur...

Page 5: ...f display reading etc Do not use the External power supply adapter optional code MAR if you notice deformation or breakage in the case in the wire or in the plugs Pay careful attention when measuring voltages exceeding 25V in particular places building yards swimming pools etc and 50V in ordinary places because of the risk of electric shock Use only cables and accessories approved by Martindale El...

Page 6: ...rument is connected to the circuit under test do not touch any unused terminals Avoid taking resistance measurements in the presence of external voltages even though the instrument is protected a too high voltage may cause malfunctions When measuring current other currents located near the leads may affect the measuring accuracy When measuring current always position the wire in the very middle of...

Page 7: ...loop impedance between phase and earth and Global Earth resistance measurement without RCD tripping and calculation of prospective short circuit current Indication of phase rotation sequence EARTH Measurement of Earth Resistance and Resistivity using Earth rods AUX Measurement and Recording of leakage current using flexible clamp ANALYSER The Instrument allows the following operations Display in r...

Page 8: ...ncluded in the package For battery life see paragraph 14 3 1 An external power supply adapter optional code MAR to be used only for ANALYSIS and AUX function It is recommended that the MAR Power Supply adapter is used for long term measuring CAUTION For your own safety it s not permitted to use the external power supply adapter during Safety Test LOWΩ MΩ RCD LOOP EARTH rotary Switch positions If y...

Page 9: ...instrument is displaying in real time and the external power supply adapter is not connected after about 5 minutes from the last key press or switch rotation the instrument turns off automatically AUTOPOWER OFF procedure If the instrument is recording or is measuring energy and the external power supply is not connected after about 5 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation the instru...

Page 10: ...backlight function This key is used to start and stop the measurement This key allows you to save the result displayed This key has a double function It is the confirmation key inside the configuration menu and it allows you to freeze the displayed results using the ANALYSER function This key opens the General Configuration Menu This key allows you to quit the modification in the configuration men...

Page 11: ...5 5 V ThdV 0 0 freq 50 0 Hz FUNC CAL HARM WAVE These symbols will be omitted in the following illustrations 4 2 INITIAL SCREEN When turning on the instrument by pressing ON OFF this screen will appear for a few seconds Veritest 2250 MARTINDALE SN 00000000 V X XX BAUD RATE 57600 CALIBRATION DATE 01 01 06 Here you can see Serial number of the instrument SN Firmware software release V X XX transmissi...

Page 12: ...t and press the ENTER key to SAVE the change or press ESC to quit without saving This setting will remain unchanged after turning off the instrument 5 2 HOW TO SET DATE AND TIME By pressing the multifunction keys F1 and F2 position the cursor on the DATE TIME item and confirm it by pressing the ENTER key The time is expressed as hh mm 2 digits for hours 2 digits for minutes 24 hour clock Press the...

Page 13: ...NU the recording is started at 00 sec mark on clock after pressing the START STOP key Stop MAN Integration period 15min Recording of harmonics ON Recording of Voltage anomalies Sag and Surge ON Voltage Reference for Sag and Surge detection 230V Upper Limit for Sag and Surge detection 6 Lower Limit for Sag and Surge detection 10 Selected voltages V1 Selected voltage harmonics THD 01 03 05 07 Select...

Page 14: ...to move the protective conductors while the instrument is carrying out the test so detecting any bad connection Mode RT measurement with negative polarity and possibility of setting the duration time of the test In this case the operator can set a measuring time long enough to permit him to move the protective conductors while the instrument is carrying out the test so detecting any bad connection...

Page 15: ...s picture 4 Press the F2 key The instrument carries out the calibration CAUTION Never disconnect the test leads when the message MEASURING is displayed LOWΩ 05 06 01 Ω R R Ω Ω mA mA AUTO 0 11Ω A numerical value in this field means that the instrument has been calibrated this value remains on the display for any further measurement even though the unit is switched off and on again FUNC CAL 5 At the...

Page 16: ...nt memory is not applicable to the test leads in use therefore a new calibration must be performed 6 1 1 1 Procedure to reset test leads calibration parameters To cancel calibration parameters it is necessary to perform a calibration procedure with a resistance of test leads higher than 5Ω for example with open test leads When a cancellation is performed the screen nearby is displayed along side L...

Page 17: ...he mode RT or RT was selected use the F3 F4 keys to set the duration of the test 7 Press the START key The instrument will execute the measurement In RT RT Timer mode you can press START key again if you want to stop the test before the duration set is expired CAUTION Never disconnect the test leads when the message MEASURING is displayed 6 1 3 Results of AUTO mode At the end of the test if the av...

Page 18: ...d using test leads instead of crocodile clips could give you a faulty result due to a faulty contact between the test leads and conductor under test The displayed result can be stored pressing the SAVE key twice according to paragraph 9 1 6 1 5 AUTO RT RT faulty cases If the instrument detects the External Power supply adapter connected to the instrument will display the screen along side LOWΩ 05 ...

Page 19: ... similar to the screen alongside LOWΩ 05 06 01 Resistance value higher than 5Ω 5 17Ω R R 5 17Ω 5 17Ω 209mA 209mA AUTO 0 11Ω Test current FUNC CAL The displayed result can be stored pressing the SAVE key twice according to paragraph 9 1 If the value of Resistance is higher than 99 9Ω the instrument emits a long sound signal and displays the screen alongside LOWΩ 05 06 01 Resistance value higher tha...

Page 20: ...ration 6 2 1 Measurement Procedure 1 Select the desired mode by means of the F1 key 2 Connect the test leads to the instrument input terminals B1 and B4 respectively M B2 B3 B4 B1 I1 Example insulation measurement between phase L1 and earth in a 3 PHASE electrical installation using test leads 3 If the cables supplied with the instrument are not long enough for the measurement you can extend the b...

Page 21: ...MΩ Table2 Table of maximum resistance values which can be measured under MΩ mode depending on the rated voltage selected 6 If the TMR mode was selected use the F3 F4 keys to set the duration time of the test CAUTION Never disconnect the test leads from the circuit under test when the message MEASURING is displayed as the circuit under test may remain charged at a dangerous voltage The instrument h...

Page 22: ...re the result with the limits indicated in the Guidelines see Table1 The displayed result can be stored pressing the SAVE key twice according to paragraph 9 1 If the Insulation resistance is higher than RMAX see Table2 the instrument emits a double sound signal at the end of the test indicating the positive outcome of the test and displays one screen similar to the screen alongside MΩ 05 06 01 Max...

Page 23: ...FUNC VNOM The displayed result can be stored pressing the SAVE key twice according to paragraph 9 1 If the Insulation resistance is higher than RMAX see Table2 the instrument emits a double sound signal at the end of the test indicating the positive outcome of the test and displays one screen similar to the screen alongside MΩ 05 06 01 Maximum resistance value which can be measured 999Ω is display...

Page 24: ... IN INPUT MAN 500V ATTENTION the test cannot be executed Check that the circuit is not energised FUNC VNOM These results cannot be saved If the instrument cannot generate the Nominal Test Voltage it will emit a long acoustic signal and displays a screen similar to the screen alongside MΩ 05 06 01 Insulation Resistance 1 17 MΩ 107V 15s MAN 500V ATTENTION the test of resistance RISO was performed at...

Page 25: ...rrent set Mode x 1 the instrument performs the test with a leakage current equal to once the value of the rated current set Mode x 2 the instrument performs the test with a leakage current equal to twice the value of the rated current set Mode x 5 the instrument performs the test with a leakage current equal to five times the value of the rated current Mode the instrument performs the test with a ...

Page 26: ...h AUTO mode on a RCD with I n 30mA a The instrument performs the test at I n 0 The RCD must not trip b The instrument performs the test at I n 180 The RCD must not trip For a Selective RCD a 30 seconds timer starts before executing next test c The instrument performs the test at I n 0 If the RCD passed the test it must trip and the instrument shows the message RESUME RCD The operator shall resume ...

Page 27: ...0 13s 0 05s 0 05s Minimum tripping time in seconds For rated values I N 30mA the test current at five times is 0 25A For currents equal to I N the RCD shall not trip in any case Table 3 Table of tripping times for tests with leakage currents I N x1 I N x2 I N x5 and AUTO Table of tripping times for ramp tests This test should not be used to compare the RCD tripping time at the tripping current whi...

Page 28: ...4 P B2 B3 B4 B1 I1 Instrument connection for 230V single phase RCD check B2 B3 B4 B1 I1 1 3 N Instrument connection for 400V N PE three phase RCD check B2 B3 B4 B1 I1 1 3 N Instrument connection for 400V N no PE three phase RCD check B2 B3 B4 B1 I1 1 3 Instrument connection for 400V PE no N three phase RCD check 3 Connect the mains plug or the Test leads to the System under test according to one o...

Page 29: ...ype The test can be stored pressing the SAVE key twice according to paragraph 9 1 6 3 2 2 Results of x1 x2 x5 mode 4 Press the START key once to execute a test with 0 Current waveform Or Press the START key once to execute a test with 180 Current waveform CAUTION Never disconnect the test leads when the message MEASURING is displayed If the tripping time is within the limits reported in Table 3 th...

Page 30: ... good if all values of tripping times are within the limits reported in Table 3 CAUTION Never disconnect the test leads when the message MEASURING is displayed At the end of the test if all six tests resulted to be positive the instrument displays the screen alongside relative to the last measurement performed RCD 05 06 01 Tripping time expressed in milliseconds 0 180 x1 2 999ms 999ms x1 55ms 65ms...

Page 31: ...er than I n Type AC or 1 4I n Type A with I n 10mA or 2I n Type A with I n 10mA the instrument emits a double sound signal indicating the positive outcome of the test and displays the screen alongside Tripping Current RCD 05 06 01 Tripping time expressed in milliseconds 27mA 35ms FRQ 50 0Hz Ut 1V VP N 231V VP PE 231V RCD OK 30mA 50V Value of contact voltage Ut detected referred to the rated value ...

Page 32: ...ng the positive outcome of the test and displays the screen alongside RCD 05 06 01 Global Earth Resistance Value 12 Ω FRQ 50 0Hz Ut 1V VP N 231V VP PE 231V Ut OK RAΩ 30mA 50V Value of contact voltage Ut detected referred to the rated value of the RCD current set OK Contact Voltage Not Dangerous FUNC IdN RCD UL Contact Voltage Limit value Working mode RCD nominal current RCD type The test can be st...

Page 33: ...at the phase and or neutral cables are not connected to an installation screen alongside is displayed when pressing START RCD 05 06 01 ms FRQ 50 0Hz Ut V VP N 0V Vp PE 0V LOW VOLTAGE x1 30mA 50V NO VOLTAGE Detected FUNC IdN RCD UL Should the instrument detect a voltage between phase and neutral higher of 250V for example in case the black cable is connected to an installation phase conductor of a ...

Page 34: ...ion Conductors The instrument does not perform the test Reverse the phase to earth connection in the plug or exchange the red cable with the green one RCD 05 06 01 ms FRQ 50 0Hz Ut V VP N 2V VP PE 230V CHANGE P PE x1 30mA 50V Phase and Protection Conductors are reversed FUNC IdN RCD UL This screen is displayed when in a 230V Phase to Phase System the black conductor was reversed with respect to th...

Page 35: ...ted the screen alongside is displayed for 5 seconds then the initial display is back Check the connections of PE conductor under test RCD 05 06 01 ms FRQ 50 0Hz Ut V VP N 234V VP PE 34V NO PE x1 30mA 50V Message NO PE the instrument doesn t detect an efficient protection circuit FUNC IdN RCD UL If the instrument gets overheated tests cannot be carried out and the message alongside is displayed Wai...

Page 36: ...gside RCD 05 06 01 ms FRQ 50 0Hz Ut V VP N 231V VP PE 230V RCD TRIPS x1 30mA 50V The RCD trips too early Check if the RCD Nominal Current is correct Some leakage currents may be present in the installation Disconnect all the loads connected downstream the RCD FUNC IdN RCD UL THE PREVIOUS RESULTS CANNOT BE SAVED In the tests MAN x1 x2 x5 and AUTO during x1 and x5 tests if the RCD trips to separate ...

Page 37: ...nal at the end of the test and displays the values alongside RCD 05 06 01 Tripping Current 27mA 300ms Freq 50 0Hz Ut 1V VP N 231V Vp PE 230V TIME NOT OK 30mA 50V Tripping Time exceeding limit value FUNC IdN RCD UL Maximum current generated by the instrument during the test for general RCDs the value indicated is referred to an AC type 30mA RCD in this case the maximum current supplied is equal to ...

Page 38: ...ve conductors with a test current of 15mA in order to avoid RCD tripping and calculates the phase to earth prospective short circuit current Mode the instrument detects the Phase Sequence in a three phase system CAUTION Never disconnect the test leads when the message MEASURING is displayed 6 4 1 High resolution Impedance measurement 0 1mΩ The MARVR2250 model is connectable to an external optional...

Page 39: ...arts the test CAUTION The measurement in a 230V System make a test current of 6A approx This may cause the tripping of magnetic protection switch with nominal value lower than 10A If necessary perform the test upstream of the switch Never disconnect the test leads when the message MEASURING is displayed At the end of the test the instrument emits a double sound signal indicating that the test is c...

Page 40: ...asurements in a 400V system make a test current of 11 5A approx This may cause the tripping of magnetic protection switch with nominal value lower than 10A If necessary perform the test upstream of the switch Never disconnect the test leads when the message MEASURING is displayed At the end of the test the instrument emits a double sound signal indicating that the test is correctly terminated and ...

Page 41: ...or the crocodiles to the conductors of the three phase system see previous pictures 4 The key F4 permits to select one of the following limit values for the contact voltage which can be shown cyclically when pressing the key 50V default 25V 5 Press the START key once to execute a test injecting a current in phase with positive half wave of the voltage Press the START key twice to execute a test in...

Page 42: ...hase to Earth Resistance expressed in Ω 1 07 Ω 215A Freq 50 0HZ VP N 231V Vp PE 231V P PE Value of the phase to Earth prospective short circuit current expressed in Ampere calculated according to the following formula FUNC Z2Ω Working mode Formula for calculation of prospective short circuit current PE N CC Z U I Where UN Nominal phase to neutral voltage 127 if Vmeas 150 230 if 150V Vmeas 250 This...

Page 43: ...y when pressing the key 50V default 25V 6 Press the START key once to execute a test with 0 test current or Press the START key twice to execute a test with 180 test current CAUTION The RA measurement make a test current of 15mA This may cause the tripping of 10mA If necessary perform the test upstream of the switch Never disconnect the test leads when the message MEASURING is displayed At the end...

Page 44: ...hase Sequence Detection in a 400V three phase system 3 Press the START key to execute a test At the end of the test the instrument emits a double sound signal indicating that the test is correctly terminated and displays the values alongside LOOP 05 06 01 Phase Sequence OK RST FRQ 50 0HZ VR S 391V VS T 401V VT R 399V OK Value of the Phase to Phase Voltage FUNC Working mode This result can be store...

Page 45: ...d or neutral cables are not connected to an installation the screen alongside is displayed when pressing START LOOP 05 06 01 Ω A FRQ 50 0HZ VP N 1V VP PE 0V NO VOLTAGE P PE 50V NO VOLTAGE Detected FUNC Z2Ω UL Should the instrument detect a voltage between phase and neutral higher of 250V for example in case the black cable is connected to an installation phase conductor of a 400V three phase syste...

Page 46: ...een exchanged with the Protection Conductors The instrument does not perform the test Exchange the red cable with the green one LOOP 05 06 01 Ω A FRQ 50 0HZ VP N 1V VP PE 230V CHANGE P PE P N Phase and Protection Conductors are reversed FUNC Z2Ω This screen is displayed when in a 230V Phase to Phase System the black conductor was reversed with respect to the green one The instrument does not perfo...

Page 47: ...tremely high to consider no presence of PE conductor or Earth installation ones it shows the message along side Please check the efficiency of PE conductor and Earth installation LOOP 05 06 01 Ω A FRQ 50 0HZ VP N 231V Vp PE 40V NO PE P PE 50V Message NO PE the instrument doesn t detect an efficient protection circuit FUNC Z2Ω UL If the instrument gets overheated tests cannot be carried out and the...

Page 48: ...VR S 391V VS T 0 V VT R 0V LOW VOLTAGE T PHASE ROTATION Phase T2 Voltage is lower than 100V FUNC Using the mode if the instrument detects two phases connected together displays the screen indicated alongside LOOP 05 06 01 FRQ 50 0HZ VR S 407V VS T 0 V VT R 407V PHASE DOUBLED PHASE ROTATION Two phases are connected together FUNC THE PREVIOUS RESULTS CANNOT BE SAVED ...

Page 49: ...the screen alongside is displayed LOOP 05 06 01 Message 1999 means that the Resistance measured is higher than the maximum measurable 1999 Ω A FRQ 50 0HZ VP N 1V Vp PE 0V RAΩ 50V FUNC UL This result can be stored pressing the SAVE key twice according to paragraph 9 1 In the mode if the voltage of one or more phases is too low one or more phases has a low voltage the instrument will show a screen s...

Page 50: ...rument measures the resistance using two auxiliary earth rods Mode ρ the instrument measures the ground resistivity At the end of each test instrument shows automatically the average value of Earth Resistance or Earth Resistivity calculated on the base of any measured values until that moment F2 key clear average value of Earth Resistance or Earth Resistivity and the counter of executed Resistance...

Page 51: ...ystem 3 Press the START key The instrument starts the test At the end of the test the instrument emits a double sound signal indicating that the test is correctly terminated and displays the values alongside EARTH 05 06 01 Earth Resistance value expressed in Ω 0 77 Ω Vd 1V Test 04 RAVG 0 74Ω 3 W Voltage value of electrical noise Number of test Average Value of Earth Resistance calculated over the ...

Page 52: ...end of the test the instrument emits a double sound signal indicating that the test is correctly terminated and displays the values alongside EARTH 05 06 01 Earth Resistivity value expressed in Ωm 1 77 Ωm Vd 1V Test 04 ρAVG 0 74Ω ρ DIST 2m Voltage value of electrical noise Number of test Average Value of Earth Resistivity calculated over the Number of tests displayed FUNC CLR ρ Working mode 5 The ...

Page 53: ...t will show the screen displayed alongside EARTH 05 06 01 Warning symbol Voltage noise in input Ω Vd 230V Test 04 RAVG 0 74Ω VOLT IN INPUT 3 W FUNC CLR The message Rc high indicates that the instrument cannot flow the minimum current necessary for measurement Check that the terminals are correctly connected and the Auxiliary earth rod connected to B4 black conductor has not been inserted in a pebb...

Page 54: ...G 0 74Ω Rp HIGH 3 W Message Rp Check Auxiliary Earth rods FUNC CLR The message Rp and Rc high indicates that the instrument cannot measure correctly the Voltage from Auxiliary Earth rod and cannot flow the minimum current for measurement Check that the terminals are correctly connected Check if the Auxiliary earth rod connected to B2 yellow conductor and B4 black conductor has not been inserted in...

Page 55: ... RAVG 0 74Ω 3 W FUNC CLR This result can be stored pressing the SAVE key twice according to paragraph 9 1 If the Instrument detects a resistivity value higher than 1999kΩ the instrument will display the screen alongside EARTH 05 06 01 Message 1999 means that the resistivity value is higher than the maximum measurable 1999kΩm Vd 1V Test 04 ρAVG 0 74kΩm ρ DIST 5m FUNC CLR This result can be stored p...

Page 56: ...d pressing SAVE key Record pressing the START key after a proper setting an Input signal coming from the External Flexible Clamp It will be possible to analyse the recorded data ONLY by transferring the data to a PC Record pressing the START key an Input signal coming from an External Flexible Clamp using Typical Configurations with pre programmed parameters inside meter see paragraph 7 2 2 It wil...

Page 57: ...disabled mA Leakage current Others not supported 3 Connect the External Flexible Clamp to the In1 instrument s input 4 Check if the selector on the probe or clamp is adjusted according to the range set in the instrument Both ranges must be set to the same value B1 B2 B3 B4 I3 Example of External probes connections CAUTION The OFF position of some probes sends to probe s output the Battery voltage ...

Page 58: ...HREE PHASE LOAD OR ELECTRICAL PLANT X DISCONNECT ADDITIONAL GROUNDING Direct Leakage Current measurement in a single phase system Direct Leakage Current measurement in a three phase system 5 The Instrument shows in real time the values present at the inputs Example of screen 05 06 01 11 43 04 Example of Input Signal 1 AUX In1 23 mA In1 PG 6 Press this key to enable disable the HOLD function updati...

Page 59: ...ing to the instrument s settings see chapter 10 7 2 1 AUX Basic setting RECORDER CONFIG Place the rotary switch in the AUX position press the MENU key using the F1 F2 keys select the RECORDER CONFIG item and press the ENTER Key MENU GENERAL SAFETY TEST MEMORY ANALYZER MEMORY RESET ANALYZER CONFIG RECORDER CONFIG CONTRAST DATE TIME LANGUAGE Inside RECORDER CONFIG mode it s possible to execute the f...

Page 60: ...y set INT PERIOD The value of this parameter determines every how many seconds the values of the selected parameters will be memorised see paragraph 16 13 1 Available choices 5sec 10sec 30sec 1min 2min 5min 10min 15min 30min 60min 15min For eventual messages displayed see Appendix 1 MESSAGES DISPLAYED RECORDER CONFIG START MANU STOP MANU INT PERIOD 15min ENTER Use the multifunction keys F1 F2 to p...

Page 61: ... RECORDER CONFIG CONTRAST DATE TIME LANGUAGE 3 Press MENU key again The instrument displays a screen as shown below picture on the left In this way it is possible to select the desired configuration on I1 channel with F1 or F2 key NOTE that TEMP and HUMIDITY are not supported TYPICAL CONFIG LEAKAGE I1 TEMP C I1 HUM HR I1 TYPICAL CONFIG LEAKAGE I1 TEMP C I1 HUM HR I1 Data saved Configuration select...

Page 62: ...l be possible to analyse the recorded data ONLY by transferring the data to a PC Record simultaneously pressing the START key values of Voltage and Current values coming from test leads and Clamp using Typical Configurations with pre programmed parameters inside the meter see paragraph 10 2 It will be possible to analyse the recorded data ONLY by transferring the data to a PC It s fundamental the ...

Page 63: ...he current measurement are connected In this case the instrument generates an internal synchronism equal to the value of the set frequency 8 1 3 How to set the current range The value of this parameter must always be equal to the full scale of the current clamp used to take the measurement If a multi scale clamp is used the value of this parameter must be equal to the scale selected on the clamp S...

Page 64: ...ifunction keys in the following sequence within 10 seconds F1 F4 F3 F2 If you wait more than about 10 seconds the display will return to the meter mode and the instrument will continue recording If you insert a wrong password the message Password error will be displayed under PASSWORD After a few seconds the display will return to meter mode and the instrument will continue recording In order to e...

Page 65: ...ics which permits to select the voltage harmonics to be recorded Press ENTER to confirm the settings and leave the Menu Harmonics Press ESC to leave the Menu Harmonics without modifying the existing parameters 3rd screen This screen is devoted to the settings relevant to the CURRENT recording Press ENTER to confirm the settings and pass to the following screen Press ESC to leave this screen withou...

Page 66: ... multifunction keys F3 F4 to select deselect it s selected if highlighted in black Press ENTER to confirm this screen Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing settings The instrument will record the values of the selected harmonics corresponding to the voltages selected in one of the two screens of the Menu previously illustrated ENTER MENU To Select MANUAL or AUTOMATIC start sto...

Page 67: ...to leave this page without modifying the existing settings The instrument will record the values of the selected harmonics corresponding to the currents selected in one of the two screens of the Menu previously illustrated ENTER From 2nd screen of RECORDER CONFIG MENU Use the multifunction keys F1 F2 to position the cursor on the desired word and use the multifunction keys F3 F4 to modify the valu...

Page 68: ...electing the reactive powers for the recording the corresponding reactive energies will be selected RECORDER CONFIG CO GENERATION ON POWER Pg ENERGY Pg ENTER From 3rd screen of RECORDER CONFIG MENU ENTER In order to select the POWER to be recorded use the multifunction keys F1 F2 to position the cursor on the corresponding Pg Symbol and then press F3 RECORDER CONFIG P1 Q1i Q1c S1 Pf1 dPf1 ...

Page 69: ...d deselected Selecting deselecting the reactive energies for the recording the corresponding reactive powers will be selected deselected RECORDER CONFIG CO GENERATION ON POWER Pg ENERGY Pg ENTER From 3rd screen of RECORDER CONFIG MENU ENTER In order to select the ENERGIES to be recorded use the multifunction keys F1 F2 to position the cursor on the corresponding Pg Symbol and then press F3 RECORDE...

Page 70: ... current harmonic selected ANOM REC ON the Instrument will record Voltage Anomalies voltage Sag and Surge see paragraph 16 10 OFF the instrument will not record any voltage Sag and Surge V1 Voltage RMS value V1 THD DC 01 49 Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion DC Component 01 49 Harmonics respectively THD 01 03 05 07 Vref Only if ANOM REC flag has been set ON RMS reference value for Voltage used in V...

Page 71: ...ies absorbed P1 Active Power P1 Q1i Inductive Reactive Power Q1i Q1c Q1c Capacitive Reactive Power S1 Apparent Power S1 Pf1 Power factor Pf1 dPf1 DPft1 cosϕ Ea1 Active energy Ea1 Eri1 Inductive reactive energy Eri1 Erc1 Erc1 Capacitive reactive energy The value of the network frequency is automatically selected if the voltage is selected The symbols i and c stand for reactive powers Q power factor...

Page 72: ...ement to be taken 3 Connect the instrument to the electrical system to be tested 4 Evaluate the values of the parameters under test 5 If you want to record a Decide what to record b Press MENU and check if the RECORDER CONFIG settings meet your requirements c Consider Typical Configuration recording see paragraph 10 2 6 Connect the External Power Supply MAR optional 7 Start the recording by pressi...

Page 73: ...ee paragraph 9 2 containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs This function is disabled during a recording ENTER HOLD to enable disable the HOLD function updating interruption of the displayed data All the previous functions remain however available When the HOLD function is enabled the word HOLD is displayed When this function is enabled it s not pos...

Page 74: ...cted harmonic and to the corresponding absolute and relative values calculated on the basis of the fundamental are updated F2 to display the page of the harmonics h01 h24 symbol h24 or that of the harmonics h25 h49 symbol h49 ESC to return back to METER mode see paragraph 8 4 2 SAVE to save in the instrument memory a record of Smp type see paragraph 9 2 and the instantaneous values of voltage and ...

Page 75: ...ument inputs This function is disabled during a recording ENTER HOLD to enable disable the HOLD function updating interruption of the displayed data All the previous functions remain however available When the HOLD function is enabled the word HOLD is displayed When this function is enabled it s not possible to record or take an energy measurement This function is disabled during a recording or an...

Page 76: ...t 8 5 1 Symbols The CURRENT position has three working modes METER WAVE HARM These modes will be described in detail in the next paragraphs The symbols used are described below Symbol Description I1 Current RMS value Ipk1 Peak value of the current h01 h49 Harmonic 01 harmonic 49 ThdI Total harmonic distortion factor of the current see paragraph 16 11 freq Network frequency Tab 2 Symbols used in th...

Page 77: ... Smp type see paragraph 9 2 containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs This function is disabled during a recording ENTER HOLD to enable disable the HOLD function updating interruption of the displayed data All the previous functions remain however available When the HOLD function is enabled the word HOLD is displayed When this function is enabled i...

Page 78: ... to the corresponding absolute and relative values calculated on the basis of the fundamental are updated F2 to display the page of the harmonics h01 h24 h24 symbol or that of the harmonics h25 h49 h49 symbol ESC to return back to METER mode see paragraph 8 5 2 SAVE to store in the instrument memory a record of Smp type see paragraph 9 2 and the instantaneous values of voltage and current present ...

Page 79: ...ument inputs This function is disabled during a recording ENTER HOLD to enable disable the HOLD function updating interruption of the displayed data All the previous functions remain however available When the HOLD function is enabled the word HOLD is displayed When this function is enabled it s not possible to record or take an energy measurement This function is disabled during a recording or an...

Page 80: ...ower factors and cosϕ 8 6 1 Symbols The position POWER has two working modes METER WAVE For voltage and current harmonics see paragraphs 8 4 3 and 8 5 3 respectively These modes will be described in detail in the next paragraphs The symbols used are described below Symbol Description V1 Voltage RMS value freq Network frequency I1 Current RMS value P1 Active power Q1 Reactive power S1 Apparent powe...

Page 81: ...paragraph 9 2 and the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs This function is disabled during a recording ENTER HOLD to enable disable the HOLD function updating interruption of the displayed data All the previous functions remain however available When the HOLD function is enabled the word HOLD is displayed When this function is enabled it s not possible to r...

Page 82: ... the instrument inputs This function is disabled during a recording ENTER HOLD to enable disable the HOLD function updating interruption of the displayed data All the previous functions remain however available When the HOLD function is enabled the word HOLD is displayed When this function is enabled it s not possible to record or take an energy measurement This function is disabled during a recor...

Page 83: ...ve reactive energies 8 7 1 Symbols The position ENERGY has only one working mode METER This mode will be described in detail in the next paragraphs The symbols used are described below Symbol Description P1 Active power Q1 Reactive power S1 Apparent power pf1 Power factor dpf1 cosϕ Ea1 Active energy Eri1 Inductive reactive Energy Erc1 Capacitive reactive Energy Tab 4 Symbols used in the position E...

Page 84: ...rease F3 F4 to pass to previous next function respectively SAVE to save in the instrument memory a record of Smp type see paragraph 9 2 containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs This function is disabled during a recording ENTER HOLD to enable disable the HOLD function updating interruption of the displayed data All the previous functions remain ho...

Page 85: ...select the POWER working mode see paragraph 8 6 3 Connect the phase and neutral voltage wires respecting the connections shown in the picture 4 If you want to measure current and power connect the clamp meter to the phase conductor respecting the specifications shown on the clamp and the connections shown in the picture In case of doubts select the POWER working mode and check if the active power ...

Page 86: ...s 600 V CATII 350V phase earth or 600V CATIII 300 V phase to earth Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual Should you exceed the voltage limits you could damage the instrument and or its components or endanger your safety The instrument is a single phase system So you can analyse a three phase system repeating 3 times a single phase analysis described in previous par...

Page 87: ... the SAVE button to store the displayed result The REMINDER PLACE parameter is not related to the Measurement Order Number and can help to remind the user the place where the measurement was performed 05 06 01 SAVE IN LOC 006 OK SAVE ESC REMINDER PLACE 009 Memory Location REMINDER PARAMETER The following keys are available F3 F4 to adjust the REMINDER PLACE SAVE to store the test result associatin...

Page 88: ...ess ESC to quit If during a recording the external power supply adapter optional code MAR is de energised the instrument will continue the recording using the internal battery power until the batteries are exhausted the data stored until the definitive turning off won t get lost For this we recommend you ALWAYS insert a new set of batteries before a long recording The instrument uses sophisticated...

Page 89: ...wer and Energy measures see paragraph 16 12 10 2 1 Default Configuration The default configuration of instrument consists in the following parameters settings ANALYZER CONFIG System SINGLE Frequency 50Hz Current Range 1000A Clamp Type STD TV Ratio 1 Password enabled RECORDER CONFIG Start MANU the recording is started 1 minute after pressing the START STOP key Stop MANU Integration period 15min Rec...

Page 90: ...ored in the temporary memory will not be elaborated and the corresponding series of values won t be transferred to the definitive memory 10 2 2 Typical Configurations To activate the Typical Configurations follow this procedure 1 Turn the rotary switch to ANALYSER 2 Press MENU key followed by F1 F2 to navigate to the following screen MENU GENERAL SAFETY TEST MEMORY ANALYZER MEMORY RESET ANALYZER C...

Page 91: ... Lower Limit for Dips and Surge detection 10 Selected voltages V1 Selected voltage harmonics THD DC 01 02 03 04 25 CO GENERATION OFF SURGES DIPS ANALYZER CONFIG System SINGLE Frequency 50Hz Current Range not modified Clamp Type STD TV Ratio not modified Password not modified RECORDER CONFIG Start MANU the recording is started 1 minute after pressing the START STOP key Stop MANU Integration period ...

Page 92: ... ANALYZER CONFIG System SINGLE Frequency 50Hz Current Range not modified Clamp Type STD TV Ratio not modified Password not modified RECORDER CONFIG Start MANU the recording is started 1 minute after pressing the START STOP key Stop MANU Integration period 5sec Recording of harmonics ON Recording of Voltage anomalies voltage Dips and Surge ON Voltage Reference for Dips and Surge detection 230V Uppe...

Page 93: ...key Stop MANU Integration period 15min Recording of harmonics OFF Recording of Voltage anomalies voltage Dips and Surge OFF Selected voltages V1 Selected currents I1 CO GENERATION ON Powers Pf and cosϕ selected P1 Q1i Q1c S1 Pf1 dpf1 Energies Ea1 Eri1 Erc1 By pressing START STOP the recording of the selected parameters is started according to the settings made for each Typical Configuration The ro...

Page 94: ...ssure or switch rotation the instrument starts a special procedure to save the batteries ECONOMY MODE the instrument keeps recording but the display is turned off During a recording the following are disabled AUTOPOWER OFF function ON OFF key HOLD key SAVE key 10 3 1 MENU key If you press the MENU key during a recording the following screen will appear INFO REC n XX START 09 18 01 11 35 STOP 13 18...

Page 95: ...t energy measurement see paragraph 8 7 2 has been started with the option PASSWORD enabled after about 3 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation it won t be sufficient to press START STOP if a recording is running or F2 if an energy measuring is running to stop the recording it will be necessary to insert the password In order to insert the password which is not changeable press the ...

Page 96: ...trument displays the following screen SAFETY TEST MEMORY MEM TYPE PLACE 001 LOWΩ 003 002 EARTH 003 003 MΩ 004 004 RCD 004 005 LOOP 001 TOT 005 FREE 994 LAST ALL Example of SAFETY TEST MEMORY screen MEM Order Number of the measurement TYPE Measurement TYPE PLACE Mnemonic parameter associated by User to Measurement TOT Total Number of Measurements FREE Available Memory Location Following keys are en...

Page 97: ...in the format day month start day month stop without Voltage Sag and Surge detection R a recordings effected with respective Start and Stop dates expressed in the format day month start day month stop with Voltage Anomalies Sag and Surge detection Smp values of the samples of voltage and current stored by pressing SAVE DATA SIZE dimensions of the data saved in the instrument memory REC TIME amount...

Page 98: ...The value of this parameter can be modified only with the management software For download instructions please refer to software help file In order to transfer the memorized data from the instrument to the PC the following procedure must be followed after software installation 1 Switch ON the instrument and wait until the initial screen disappears the rotary Switch position is not relevant 2 Conne...

Page 99: ... interrupt testing and replace batteries following the procedure for battery replacement The instrument is capable of keeping the data stored even though batteries are not installed The Instrument Date and Time settings are not lost if you change the batteries within 24hours CAUTION Only skilled technicians can perform this operation Before replacing batteries make sure that all test leads have be...

Page 100: ...ding 2 digit if V R 1µA 10 0 199 9 0 1 200 499 1 500 999 1 5 Reading 2 digit if V R 1µA 1000 0 01 9 99 0 01 2 Reading 2 digit if V R 1µA 10 0 199 9 0 1 200 999 1 1000 1999 1 5 Reading 2 digit if V R 1µA Open circuit Test Voltage 1 3 x Nominal Test Voltage Short Circuit Current 6 0mA with 500V Test Voltage Nominal Test Current 500V 2 2mA with 230kΩ other 1mA with 1kΩ Vnom RCD TEST ON RCD DEVICES No...

Page 101: ...n Ω Accuracy 0 01 19 99 20 0 199 9 200 1999 0 01 0 1 1 5 Reading 3digit 0 1 mΩ on range 0 0 199 9 mΩ with IMP57 Peak value of the Test current 127V 3 65A 230V 6 64A Voltage Range Phase Earth 100 250V Frequency 50Hz 0 5Hz LOOP Ra 15mA FAULT LOOP IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT without RCD Tripping Phase Earth Range Ω Resolution Ω Accuracy 1 1999 1 0 5 Reading 3digit Test Current 15mA Voltage Range Phase Eart...

Page 102: ...MW REACTIVE POWER 0 999 9VAR 1 999 9kVAR 1 999 9MVAR 1000 9999MVAR 0 1VAR 0 1kVAR 0 1MVAR 1MVAR APPARENT POWER 0 999 9VA 1 999 9kVA 1 999 9MVA 1000 9999MVA 0 1VA 0 1kVA 0 1MVA 1MVA ACTIVE ENERGY Classe2 EN61036 0 999 9Wh 1 999 9kWh 1 999 9MWh 1000 9999MWh 0 1Wh 0 1kWh 0 1MWh 1MWh REACTIVE ENERGY Classe3 IEC1268 0 999 9VARh 1 999 9kVARh 1 999 9MVARh 1000 9999MVARh 0 1VARh 0 1kVARh 0 1MVARh 1MVARh C...

Page 103: ...or max height 2000m EMC EN61326 1 1997 A1 1998 The Instrument complies with European Guidelines for CE mark 14 2 2 Safety Test LOWΩ 200mA IEC 61557 4 MΩ IEC 61557 2 RCD IEC 61557 6 LOOP P P P N P PE IEC 61557 3 PHASE SEQUENCE IEC 61557 7 EARTH IEC 61557 5 14 2 3 ANALYSER Voltage Sag and Surge EN50160 Alternating Current Static Watt hour meters for Active Energy EN61036 CLASS 2 Alternating Current ...

Page 104: ...ts EARTH approx 1000 tests PHASE SEQUENCE approx 1000 tests AUX recording approx 20 Hours ANALYSER recording approx 20 Hours External Power Supply Adapter optional Code MAR only for ANALYSER and AUX func 14 3 3 Display Display Type Graphic with Backlight Resolution 128 x128 Visible Area 73mm x 73mm 14 3 4 Memory Safety Test Memory 999 measurements ANALYSER 2MByte with 63 channels select and Integr...

Page 105: ...ables 2m 4 crocodiles Management Software RS232 Optical Serial Cable TOPLINK Zip Carrying Case Calibration Certificate ISO9000 User s Manual Optional Accessories Description Code Set with 4 cables and 4 earth rods External Power Supply Adapter MAR Set for carrying Belt Leakage Current clamp 1 100 1000A 1V diameter 54 mm ...

Page 106: ...be necessary as a consequence of service actions carried out by unauthorised personnel Any modification of the instrument carried out without the authorisation of the manufacturer Use not provided for in the instrument s specifications or in the instruction manual The content of this manual cannot be reproduced in any form whatsoever without prior authorisation of the manufacturer NOTE All our pro...

Page 107: ...isual check verifying the existence of yellow green protective and equalising potential conductors as well as compliance of the sections used with the standards requirements INSTALLATION PARTS TO BE CHECKED Examples for continuity measurement on conductors Connect one of the test leads to the external mass in this case the water pipe and the other to the earth installation using for example the pr...

Page 108: ...gths of the conductors under test anyway if the instrument detects values of some ohm the test can be considered as passed 16 2 Insulation Resistance Measurement of the Electrical Installations 250Vdc 500Vdc 1000Vdc PURPOSE OF THE TEST Check that the insulation resistance of the installation complies with the requirements of standards CEI 64 8 6 NOTA This test is to be performed on an open circuit...

Page 109: ...dicating how to perform the insulation resistance measurement on an installation is reported in the following table Switch A Switch B Switch C Switch E near the washing machine with the purpose of separating this from the installation FM socket Panel meter Switch D near the boiler with the purpose of separating this from the installation MARVR2250 MARVR2250 ...

Page 110: ...TALLATION NOT COMPLYING WITH STANDARDS 5 Perform the measurement on switch C Se R RLIMITE OK end of the test Se R RLIMITE INSTALLATION NOT COMPLYING WITH STANDARDS Table5 Table with procedure steps for insulation measurement referred to the installation reported in Insulation measurements on an installation Note The switches D and E are those installed near the load having the purpose of separatin...

Page 111: ...to carry out a correct measurement in this case it is recommended to keep the GO key pressed in case a test is performed under manual mode until the result gets stable ATTENTION When you effect measurements among active conductors it is essential to disconnect all the users alarm lamps intercom transformers boilers etc otherwise the instrument will measure their resistance instead of the installat...

Page 112: ... the other circuits Measure the resistance between the active parts of the circuit under test separate and the earth The resistance shall not be lower than 0 25MΩ with a test voltage of 250VDC PELV system Protective Extra Low Voltage Measure the resistance between the active parts of the circuit under test separate and the active parts of the other circuits The resistance shall not be lower than 0...

Page 113: ... separation among the circuits Test among the active parts Connect a test lead of the instrument to one of the two conductors of the separate circuit and the other to one of the conductors of a non separate circuit Test between the active parts and the earth Connect a test lead of the instrument to one of the two conductors of the separate circuit and the other to the equalising potential node Thi...

Page 114: ...rthed points insulated from the earth PELV system is a system of category zero or very low safety voltage featured by Power supply autonomous source ex batteries small generator or safety ex safety transformer Protection separation to other electrical systems double or reinforced insulation or a metal screen connected to the earth There are earthed points not insulated from the earth Electrical se...

Page 115: ...elation RA 50 Ia Where RA Resistance of the earth installation the value can be set with the following measurements Earth resistance with three wire volt ampere method Fault loop impedance see Two wire earth resistance see Two wire earth resistance in the socket see Earth resistance obtained by the measurement of contact voltage Ut See Earth resistance obtained by the tripping time test of the RCD...

Page 116: ...andards in case of RCDs of general type according to Table 3 Is included between the minimum tripping time and the maximum one in case of RCDs of selective type according to Table 3 The RCD test effected by means of the test key is aimed at preventing the gluing effect from compromising the working of the RCD which has been inactive for a long time therefore this test is effected only to verify th...

Page 117: ...IT systems is not to be considered while for the TT systems it is merely indicative 16 6 Test of RCD Tripping Time Rcd Rcd Dc PURPOSE OF THE TEST Check the real tripping time of the general RCDs it does not apply to the selective RCDs INSTALLATION PARTS TO BE CHECKED When facing RCDs with tripping current to be selected it is useful to perform this test to check the real RCD tripping current For R...

Page 118: ...rement Phase Earth PURPOSE OF THE TEST The fault loop is the circuit of the current when there is a bad isolation of the electrical system toward earth The fault loop is composed Transformer coil impedance The impedance of the line from the transformer to the fault The impedance of the protective conductor from the conductive part to the neutral of the transformer When the instrument measure the i...

Page 119: ...s the test result can be affected by metal parts buried such as pipes cables or other rods in case of doubts take a second measurement positioning the rods at an equal distance a but rotating their axis by 90 Black B lack Blue B lu e Green G r e e n Red R e d a a a a a a 90 The resistivity value is calculated with the following formula ρ 2πaR Where ρ specific resistivity of the ground a distance b...

Page 120: ...PROXIMATE EVALUATION OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF INTENTIONAL RODS 64 12 2 4 1 The resistance of a rod Rd can be calculated with the following formulas ρ medium resistivity of the ground a Resistance of a vertical rod Rd ρ L L length of the element touching the ground b Resistance of a horizontal rod Rd 2ρ L L length of the element touching the ground c Resistance of linked elements The resistance of a ...

Page 121: ...es calculated every 10ms beyond the above calculated thresholds These limits remain unchanged throughout the recording period When a Voltage anomaly occurs the instrument records The number corresponding to the phase where the anomaly occurred The direction of the anomaly UP and DN identify respectively voltage drops sag and peaks Surge The date and time of the beginning of the event in the form d...

Page 122: ... such as sags surges or fluctuations It can be noted that in 1 the index of the sigma is from 1 to the infinite What happens in reality is that a signal does not have an unlimited number of harmonics a number always exists after which the harmonics value is negligible The EN 50160 standard recommends stopping the index in the expression 1 in correspondence of the 40 th harmonic A fundamental eleme...

Page 123: ...es of the fundamental frequency Harmonic currents affect considerably the neutral wire of electric installations In most countries the mains power is three phase 50 60Hz with a delta primary and star secondary transformers The secondary generally provides 230V AC from phase to neutral and 400V AC from phase to phase Balancing the loads on each phase has always represented an headache for electric ...

Page 124: ...e primary circuit and continue back to the power source This can cause distortion of the voltage wave so that any power factor correction capacitors on the line can be easily overloaded The 5 th and the 11 th harmonic contrast the current flow through the motors making its operation harder and shortening their average life In general the higher the ordinal harmonic number the smaller its energy is...

Page 125: ... this it may be useful to consider that both the presence of harmonics and the presence of reactive power produce among other effects an increase of line power losses due to the increased current RMS value With the above given relation the increasing of power losses due to harmonics is added to that introduced by the presence of reactive power In effect even if the two phenomena contribute togethe...

Page 126: ...eter user Pfc Capacitive power factor Pfi Inductive power factor Qc Value of the capacitive reactive power Qi Value of the inductive reactive power P Value of the active power Negative parameter generator Pfc Capacitive power factor Pfi Inductive power factor Qc Value of the capacitive reactive power Qi Value of the inductive reactive power Value Significance P The active power positive or negativ...

Page 127: ...otal powers remain defined Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 W 1 2 VAR 1 2 W 3 2 VAR 3 2 Three phase equipment In this case the potential of one of the three phases for example phase 2 is taken on as reference potential The total values of the active reactive and apparent power are expressed as sum of the indications of the couples of Watt meters VAR meters and VA meters 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 ...

Page 128: ...ded Average value of the parameter intended as arithmetic average of all the values registered during the integration period Maximum value of the parameter during the integration period harmonics excluded Only this information repeated for each parameter to be memorised are saved in the memory along with starting time and date of the integration period Once these data are memorised the instrument ...

Page 129: ...hase voltage or current has been selected Select at least one phase voltage and or current PASSWORD ERROR The inserted password is wrong see paragraph 7 Check the password PASSWORD OK The inserted password is correct Please wait The instrument is waiting for the recording to be started see paragraph 6 Recording The instrument is recording see paragraph 6 Too many param More than 63 parameters have...

Page 130: ...h49 Harmonic 01 Harmonic 49 of voltage or current ThdV Factor of total harmonic distortion of the voltage see paragraph 16 11 ThdI Factor of total harmonic distortion of the current see paragraph 16 11 P1 Active power Q1i Inductive Reactive power Q1c Capacitive Reactive power S1 Apparent power pf1 Power factor dpf1 cosϕ Ea1 Active energy Eri1 Inductive reactive Energy Erc1 Capacitive reactive Ener...

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