FCAR FD505 Wheel Alignment System User Manual
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2.9 Included Angle
Included angle refers to the angle between the centerline of the wheel and the axis of
the caster angle, that is, the included angle is equal to the geometric addition of the camber
angle to the caster angle of the kingpin.
2.10 Top-Out On Turns
The 20° top-out on turn refers to the difference between the angles of rotation of the
inner and outer wheels when the vehicle is turning.
2.11 Thrust angle
Thrust angle is the angle formed by the centerline of the vehicle and the thrust line.
When the thrust line is located to the left of the vehicle centerline, it is positive, otherwise
it is negative.
