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Cisco Aironet 1520, 1130, 1240 Series Wireless Mesh Access Points, Design and Deployment Guide, Release 6.0

OL-20213-01

Architecture Overview

•

Wireless mesh data frame flow.

•

AWPP exchanges.

Because the CAPWAP model is well known and the AWPP is a proprietary protocol, only the wireless
mesh data flow is described. The key to the wireless mesh data flow is the address fields of the 802.11
frames being sent between mesh access points.

An 802.11 data frame can use up to four address fields: receiver, transmitter, destination, and source.
The standard frame from a WLAN client to an AP uses only three of these address fields because the
transmitter address and the source address are the same. However, in a WLAN bridging network, all four
address fields are used because the source of the frame might not the transmitter of the frame, because
the frame might have been generated by a device

behind

the transmitter.

shows an example of this type of framing. The source address of the frame is MAP:03:70, the

destination address of this frame is the controller (the mesh network is operating in Layer 2 mode), the
transmitter address is MAP:D5:60, and the receiver address is RAP:03:40.

Figure 17

Wireless Mesh Frame

As this frame is sent, the transmitter and receiver addresses change on a hop-by-hop basis. AWPP is used
to determine the receiver address at each hop. The transmitter address is known because it is the current
mesh access point. The source and destination addresses are the same over the entire path.

If the RAP’s controller connection is Layer 3, the destination address for the frame is the default gateway
MAC address, because the MAP has already encapsulated the CAPWAP in the IP packet to send it to the
controller, and is using the standard IP behavior of using ARP to find the MAC address of the default
gateway.

Each mesh access point within the mesh forms an CAPWAP session with a controller. WLAN traffic is
encapsulated inside CAPWAP and is mapped to a VLAN interface on the controller. Bridged Ethernet
traffic can be passed from each Ethernet interface on the mesh network and does not have to be mapped
to an interface on the controller. (See

.)

Frame Control: 0x0308 (Normal)
D

u

ration: 48

Receiver address: Airespac_53:03:40 (00:0b:85:53:03:40)
Transmitter address: Airspac_23:d5:60 (00:0b:85:23:d5:60)
Destination address: Airspac_40:23:a3 (00:0b:85:40:23:a3)
Fragment n

u

mber: 0

Se

qu

ence n

u

mber: 1410

So

u

rce address: Airspac_53:03:70 (00:0b:85:53:03:70)

148449

PAP:03:70

PAP:D5:60

PAP:03:40

Controller:23:a3

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Summary of Contents for aironet 1130

Page 1: ...able central management and mobility between indoor and outdoor deployments Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points CAPWAP protocol manages the connection of mesh access points to the network End to end security within the mesh network is supported by employing Advanced Encryption Standard AES encryption between the wireless mesh access points and Wi Fi Protected Access 2 WPA2 clients T...

Page 2: ...esh Deployment Modes 27 Wireless Mesh Network 27 Wireless Backhaul 28 Architecture Overview 29 CAPWAP 29 CAPWAP Discovery on a Mesh Network 29 Dynamic MTU Detection 30 XML Configuration File 30 AWPP 31 Traffic Flow 31 Mesh Neighbors Parents and Children 33 Design Considerations 35 Wireless Mesh Constraints 35 Controller Planning 37 Site Preparation and Planning 38 Site Survey 38 Pre Survey Checkli...

Page 3: ... Global Mesh Parameters 71 Configuring Local Mesh Parameters 77 Configuring Advanced Features 97 Configuring Ethernet VLAN Tagging 98 Client Roaming 106 Configuring Voice Parameters in Indoor Mesh Networks 107 Voice Call Support in a Mesh Network 113 Enabling Mesh Multicast Containment for Video 118 IGMP Snooping 119 Checking the Health of the Network 120 Show Mesh Commands 120 Viewing Mesh Statis...

Page 4: ...eas and Buildings with Cisco WCS 151 Adding Campus Maps 151 Adding Outdoor Areas 152 Adding a Building to a Campus Map 153 Adding Mesh Access Points to Maps with Cisco WCS 154 Monitoring Mesh Access Points Using Google Earth 155 Launching Google Earth in Cisco WCS 155 Viewing Google Earth Maps 156 Adding Indoor Mesh Access Points to Cisco WCS 159 Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco WCS 160 Moni...

Page 5: ...To view the controller trap log choose Monitor and click View All under Most Recent Traps on the controller GUI Refer to Chapter 4 of the Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Configuration Guide Release 6 0 for information on obtaining and installing licenses http www cisco com en US docs wireless controller 6 0 configuration guide Controller60CG html Note Outdoor mesh access points 1522 1524PS and 1524S...

Page 6: ...d MAPs in a mesh network Figure 1 Simple Mesh Network Hierarchy Network Access Wireless mesh networks can simultaneously carry two different traffic types wireless LAN client traffic and MAP Ethernet port traffic Wireless LAN client traffic terminates on the controller and the Ethernet traffic terminates on the Ethernet ports of the mesh access points Access to the wireless LAN mesh for mesh acces...

Page 7: ...1520 series outdoor mesh access points consist of the 1522 dual radio mesh access point and the 1524 multi radio mesh access points There are two models of the 1524 1 the public safety model 1524PS and 2 the serial backhaul model 1524SB Note AP1524SB introduced in release 6 0 is supported in the US Canada Singapore and China Cisco 1520 Series mesh access points hereafter referred to in general as ...

Page 8: ... access if the universal client access feature is enabled For information on the universal access feature refer to the Viewing Global Mesh Parameter Settings section on page 123 Note AP1522s with serial numbers prior to FTX1150XXXX do not support 5 and 10 MHz channels on the 4 9 GHz radio however a 20 MHz channel is supported Note Those AP1522s with serial numbers after FTX1150XXXX support 5 10 an...

Page 9: ... backhaul in the downlink direction the radio in slot 1 is used for client access On the MAP the radio in slot 2 is used for the backhaul in the uplink direction the radio in slot 1 is used for the backhaul in the downlink direction as well as client access You only need to configure the RAP downlink slot 2 channel The MAPs automatically select their channels from the channel subset The available ...

Page 10: ...s installed the AP1524SB running controller software release 6 0 is restricted to the UNII 3 channels 149 153 157 161 and 165 in slot 1 and slot 2 Hardware Figure 3 shows the AP1520 all models and its bottom connectors radio side view Figure 4 shows the AP1520 all models and its top connectors radio cover view Figure 3 Cisco 1520 Series Mesh Access Point radio side view 1 Antenna port 4 7 AC input...

Page 11: ...efer to the Antennas section on page 19 Note For details on power refer to the Multiple Power Options section on page 12 Ethernet Ports Ethernet connections 10 100 support bridging between mesh access points AP1520s supports four Gigabit Ethernet interfaces 4 Fiber port optional 10 LEDs 5 Cable POC port optional 11 PoE in port 6 Aux Console port 1 Antenna port 3 4 Ground screw holes 2 Antenna port...

Page 12: ...1 87 OFF UpDnDnDn N A Multiple Power Options Power options include 90 to 480 VAC streetlight power 12 V DC Cable power PoE using a separate power injection system For details on the power injection its specifications and installation refer to http www cisco com en US docs wireless access_point 1520 power guide 1520pwrinj html Internal battery backup power 802 3af compliant PoE out to connect IP de...

Page 13: ...o perform these functions Reset the access point press the reset button for less than 10 seconds LEDs turn off during the reset and then reactivate when the reset is complete Disable battery backup power Press the reset button for more than 10 seconds LEDs turn off then on and then stay off You can also disable the battery remotely by entering this command config mesh battery state disable AP_name...

Page 14: ...n lbs 2 49 to 2 71 Nm Monitoring LED Status The four status LEDs on AP1520s are useful during the installation process to verify connectivity radio status access point status and software status However once the access point is up and running and no further diagnosis is required Cisco recommends turning off the LEDs to discourage vandalism If your access point is not working properly look at the L...

Page 15: ...ed in this release Table 2 Access Point LED Signals LED Color1 2 Meaning Status Off Access is point is not powered on Green Access point is operational Blinking green Download or upgrade of Cisco IOS image file is in progress Amber Mesh neighbor access point discovery is in progress Blinking amber Mesh authentication is in progress Blinking red green amber CAPWAP discovery is in progress Red Firmw...

Page 16: ...ublic safety band is supported on the AP1524 See Figure 7 Figure 7 Frequency Bands Supported By 802 11a Radios on AP1520s The 5 GHz band is a conglomerate of three bands in the USA 5 150 to 5 250 UNII 1 5 250 to 5 350 UNII 2 5 470 to 5 725 UNII 2 Extended and 5 725 to 5 850 ISM UNII 1 and the UNII 2 bands are contiguous and are indeed treated by 802 11a as being a continuous swath of spectrum 200M...

Page 17: ...adio service device may begin transmissions on that channel The process for a radio to detect and identify a radar signal is a complicated task that sometimes leads to incorrect detects Incorrect radar detections can occur due to a large number of factors including due to uncertainties of the RF environment and the ability of the access point to reliably detect actual on channel radar The 802 11h ...

Page 18: ...Table 4 Channels Requiring DFS by Regulatory Domain Regulatory Domain Channel Frequency Band A E C P S K T 52 5260 MHz 56 5280 MHz Y Y 60 5300 MHz Y Y 64 5320 MHz Y Y 100 5500 MHz Y Y Y Y 104 5520 MHz Y Y Y Y 108 5540 MHz Y Y Y Y 112 5560 MHz Y Y Y Y 116 5580 MHz Y Y Y Y 120 5600 MHz Y Y Y 124 5620 MHz Y Y Y 128 5640 MHz Y Y 132 5660 MHz Y Y Y 136 5680 MHz Y Y Y 140 5700 MHz Y Y Y ...

Page 19: ...when referenced to the peak effective radiated power of the main lobe Note An 8 dBi antenna transmits with a horizontal beamwidth of 360 degrees causing the radio waves to disperse power in all directions Therefore radio waves from an 8 dBi antenna do not go nearly as far as those sent from a 17 dBi patch antenna or a third party dish that has a more narrow beamwidth less than 360 degrees Polariza...

Page 20: ...h radio must have an antenna connected to at least one of its available TX RX ports Antenna locations for 5 8 GHz 4 9 GHz and 2 4 GHz are fixed and labeled Figure 9 shows antenna placement for a two radio cable mesh access point Figure 10 shows antenna placement for a two radio fiber mesh access point Figure 11 shows antenna placement for a three radio fiber mesh access point AIR ANT5180V N 5 GHz ...

Page 21: ...Forward 1 Clamp bracket with cable clamps part of strand mount kit ordered separately 5 Cable bundle 2 5 Ghz antenna1 1 Illustration shows antenna for an access point with two radios 6 Fiber optic connection2 3 2 4 GHz antennas2 2 Liquid tight connector not shown 7 Cable POC power input3 3 Stinger connector shown is user supplied 4 Strand support cable 8 Strand mount bracket part of strand mount k...

Page 22: ...net 1520 1130 1240 Series Wireless Mesh Access Points Design and Deployment Guide Release 6 0 OL 20213 01 Mesh Network Components Figure 10 Two Radio Fiber Mesh Access Point Configuration Hinged side Facing Backward ...

Page 23: ... Network Components Figure 11 AP1524 Mesh Access Point Pole Mount Configuration Hinged side Facing Forward 1 Stainless steal mounting straps part of pole mount kit 4 2 4GHz antennas 2 2 4 GHz antenna 5 Pole wood metal or fiberglass 2 to 16 in 5 1 to 40 6 cm diameter 3 5 GHz antenna 6 Mounting bracket part of pole mount kit ...

Page 24: ...nsmitter and three receivers Output power is configurable to 5 levels With its 3 receivers enabling maximum ratio combining MRC this radio has better sensitivity and range than a typical SISO 802 11b g radio for OFDM rates When operating with data rates higher that 12 Mb s you can increase gain on a 2 4 GHz radio to 2 7 dB by adding two antennas and to 4 5 dB by adding three antennas 1 2 4 GHz ant...

Page 25: ...upgrade to an enclosure that is approved for Class 1 Div 2 or Zone 2 certification is required Note Division refers to the US certifications and Zone refers to the European EU certification The hazardous locations certificate requires that all electrical power cables be run through conduit piping This is to protect against accidental damage to the electrical wiring that could cause a spark and pos...

Page 26: ...upported by Cisco 2100 Series Cisco 4400 Series Wireless LAN Controllers and 5500 Series Wireless LAN Controllers The Cisco 5500 and 4400 controllers see Figure 13 are recommended for wireless mesh deployments because they can scale to large numbers of access points and can support both Layer 2 and Layer 3 CAPWAP Figure 13 Cisco 4400 Wireless LAN Controller For more information on the Cisco 5500 4...

Page 27: ...tiple geographically dispersed Cisco WCS management platforms can be cost effectively and easily managed by the Cisco WCS Navigator Cisco WCS Navigator supports up to 20 Cisco WCS management platforms with manageability of up to 30 000 mesh access points from a single management console Together Cisco WCS and Cisco WCS Navigator provide a wireless LAN management solution for even the largest enter...

Page 28: ...PWAP refer to the Architecture Overview section on page 29 Figure 15 Wireless Mesh Deployment Wireless Backhaul In a Cisco wireless backhaul network traffic can be bridged between MAPs and RAPs This traffic can be from wired devices being bridged by the wireless mesh or CAPWAP traffic from the mesh access points This traffic is always AES encrypted when it crosses a wireless mesh link such as a wi...

Page 29: ...ses OpEx significantly enabling the Cisco wireless mesh networking solution to be a cost effective and secure deployment option in enterprise campus and metropolitan networks CAPWAP Discovery on a Mesh Network CAPWAP discovery on a mesh network follows these steps 1 A mesh access point establishes a link before starting CAPWAP discovery Whereas a non mesh access point starts CAPWAP discovery using...

Page 30: ...nfiguration file onto a controller causes a cyclic redundancy check CRC error on boot and the configuration is reset to the defaults You can easily read and modify the XML configuration file by converting it to CLI format To convert from XML to CLI format upload the configuration file to a TFTP or FTP server The controller initiates the conversion from XML to CLI during the upload Once on the serv...

Page 31: ...dge group BGN Unlike traditional routing protocols AWPP takes RF details into account To optimize the route a MAP actively solicits neighbor MAPs During the solicitation the MAP learns all of the available neighbors back to a RAP determines which neighbor offers the best path and then synchronizes with that neighbor The path decisions of AWPP are based on link quality and the number of hops AWPP a...

Page 32: ...r address is RAP 03 40 Figure 17 Wireless Mesh Frame As this frame is sent the transmitter and receiver addresses change on a hop by hop basis AWPP is used to determine the receiver address at each hop The transmitter address is known because it is the current mesh access point The source and destination addresses are the same over the entire path If the RAP s controller connection is Layer 3 the ...

Page 33: ... MAP Ease is calculated using the SNR and link hop value of each neighbor Given multiple choices generally an access point with a higher ease value is selected A child access point selects the parent access point as its best route back to the RAP A neighbor access point is within RF range of another access point but is not selected as its parent or a child because its ease values are lower than th...

Page 34: ... parent and the parent responding with a NEIGHBOR_RESPONSE Parent optimization and refresh occurs by the child node sending a NEIGHBOR_REQUEST broadcast on the same channel on which its parent resides and by evaluating all responses from neighboring nodes on the channel A parent mesh access point provides the best path back to a RAP AWPP uses ease to determine the best path Ease can be considered ...

Page 35: ...h environment has its own challenges with available locations obstructions and available network infrastructure Design requirements driven by expected users traffic and availability needs are also major design criteria This section describes important these design considerations and provides an example of a wireless mesh design Wireless Mesh Constraints Here are a few system characteristics to con...

Page 36: ... deployments as the SNR requirements do not make the distances practical Table 10 Minimum Required LinkSNR Calculations by Data Rate Number of backhaul hops is limited to eight but three to four is recommended The number of hops is recommended to be limited to three or four primarily to maintain sufficient backhaul throughput because each mesh access point uses the same radio for transmission and ...

Page 37: ... to all access points without any impact on WLAN performance the access points can be evenly distributed across all controllers for maximum efficiency If this is not the case and controllers are grouped into various clusters or PoPs the overall number of access points and coverage are reduced For example you can have 72 of a Cisco 4400 series controller in a mobility group and each 4400 series con...

Page 38: ...g measurements to determine whether your antenna calculations are accurate Be sure to determine the correct location and antenna before drilling holes routing cables and mounting equipment 21122 12 12 1 11 12 3 9 12 6 6 12 9 3 12 12 0 12 21252 25 25 1 24 25 5 20 25 10 15 25 15 10 25 20 5 25 25 0 25 WiSM3 300 375 1 374 375 100 275 375 250 100 350 300 0 300 1 Local AP support is the total number of ...

Page 39: ...r phones or handheld two way radios can be helpful for performing surveys Outdoor Site Survey Deploying WLAN systems outdoors requires a different skill set to indoor wireless deployments Considerations such as weather extremes lightning physical security and local regulations need to be taken into account When determining the suitability of a successful mesh link define how far the mesh link is e...

Page 40: ...humidity condition can slightly obstruct or affect line of sight introducing a small loss sometimes referred to as rain fade or fade margin which has little effect on the mesh link If you have established a stable mesh link weather should not be a problem however if the link is poor to begin with bad weather can degrade performance or cause loss of link Ideally you need line of sight a white out s...

Page 41: ...the path using this equation F1 72 6 X square root d 4 x f where F1 the first Fresnel zone radius in feet D total path length in miles F frequency GHz Normally 60 percent of the first Fresnel zone clearance is recommended so the above formula for 60 percent Fresnel zone clearance can be expressed as 0 60 F1 43 3 x square root d 4 x f These calculations are based on a flat terrain Figure 23 shows t...

Page 42: ...ing the Fresnel clearance requirement is an issue Hidden Nodes Interference The mesh backhaul uses the same 802 11a channel for all nodes in that mesh and this can introduce hidden nodes into the WLAN backhaul environment as shown in Figure 24 Figure 24 Hidden Nodes Figure 24 shows the following three MAPs MAP X MAP Y MAP Z If MAP X is the route back to the RAP for MAPs Y and Z both MAP X and MAP ...

Page 43: ...llision probability does not decrease exponentially when there are hidden nodes in the network In this case RTS CTS exchange can be used to mitigate the hidden node problem Co Channel Interference In addition to hidden node interference co channel interference can also impact performance Co channel interference occurs when adjacent radios on the same channel interfere with the performance of the l...

Page 44: ...igure 28 Figure 25 Cell Radius of 1000 Feet and Access Point Placement for Non Voice Mesh Networks Figure 26 Path Loss Exponent 2 3 to 2 7 148463 1000 feet typical distance One square mile 9 cells 148464 Path Loss exponent 2 3 to 2 7 802 11a building to street light coverage 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Distance feet d PL 2 3 5 8 109 d PL 2 5 5 8 109 d PL 2 7 5 8 109 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 ...

Page 45: ...n Voice Mesh Networks Figure 28 Path Loss Exponent 2 5 to 3 0 Figure 29 shows a schematic of the wireless mesh layout 148465 One square mile 25 cells 600 feet typical distance 148466 Path Loss exponent 2 5 to 3 0 802 11g 2 4GHz coverage 1200 1000 800 600 400 0 Distance feet d PL 2 5 2 45 109 d PL 2 7 2 45 109 d PL 3 0 2 45 109 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 PL Pathloss Link Budget dB Link Budget Wind...

Page 46: ...ctional antenna is used to establish a link into the center of the cell Therefore the wired network location of a RAP might play host to the RAPs of multiple cells as shown in Figure 29 Figure 29 PoP with Multiple RAPs When the basic cell composition is settled the cell can be replicated to cover a greater area When replicating the cells a decision needs to be made whether to use the same backhaul...

Page 47: ...eek mode to find neighbors in adjacent cells In areas of high traffic density co channel interference has the highest impact and this is likely to be around the RAPs If RAPs are clustered in one location a different channel strategy is likely to give optimal performance if RAPs are dispersed among the cells using the same channel is less likely to degrade performance When laying out multiple cells...

Page 48: ...ng AP1520s on the same tower The recommended minimum separations for antennas transmit powers and channel spacing are addressed The goal of proper spacing and antenna selection is to provide sufficient isolation by way of antenna radiation pattern free space path loss and adjacent or alternate adjacent channel receiver rejection in order to provide independent operation of the collocated units The...

Page 49: ...d and is dependent upon adjacent and alternate adjacent channel usage Special Considerations for Indoor Mesh Networks Voice is only supported on indoor mesh networks in release 5 2 and 6 0 verify Quality of Service QoS is supported on the local 2 4 GHz client access radio and on the 5 GHz and 4 9 GHz backhauls Cisco also supports static Call Admission Control CAC in CCXv4 clients which provides CA...

Page 50: ... transmit power antenna gain receive sensitivity and path loss to create smaller cells Keep in mind that these smaller cells require more access points per square mile greater access point density Therefore 2 4GHz has more penetration capability across the obstacles due to larger wavelength In addition 2 4 GHz has lower date rates which increases the success of the signal to reach the other end Ta...

Page 51: ...client traffic is more peer to peer a distributed controller model might be a better fit It is likely that a majority of the WLAN traffic are clients in the area with a smaller amount of traffic going to other locations Given that many peer to peer applications can be sensitive to delay and packet loss it is best to ensure that traffic between peers takes the most efficient path Given that most de...

Page 52: ...reless Mesh Access Points Design and Deployment Guide Release 6 0 OL 20213 01 Site Preparation and Planning Figure 34 Two RAPs per Cell with the Same Channel Figure 35 Two RAPs per Cell on Different Channels Channel B2 148472 Channel B2 148473 ...

Page 53: ...ith multiple RAPs these RAPs should all be on the same subnet to ensure that a consistent subnet is provided for bridge clients If you build your mesh with multiple RAPs on different subnets MAP convergence times increase if a MAP has to failover to another RAP on a different subnet One way to limit this from happening is to use different BGNs for segments in your network that are separated by sub...

Page 54: ...display of the parallel mesh and main software bases of the controller Note Cisco has announced an end of life EOL for both the AP1505 and AP1510 mesh access points The last sale date was November 30 2008 Customers are encouraged to migrate their networks to AP1520s Note Releases 5 2 and later do not support AP1505 and AP1510 However the controller mesh maintenance release for 4 2 xM 4 2 176 51M a...

Page 55: ...ust verify that your TFTP server supports files this size Two TFTP servers that support files of this size are tftpd and the TFTP server within Cisco WCS If you download the software and your TFTP server does not support greater than 32 MB file size the following error message appears TFTP failure while storing in flash Mainstream Controller Releases 4 1 185 0 4 2 4 2 x MR Mesh Controller Releases...

Page 56: ...ding from mesh release 4 1 191 22M to the latest 4 1 192 xxM before upgrading to the release 5 2 prior to upgrading to release 6 0 you must manually reset the controller immediately after the upgrade without saving the configuration Be sure to check the RRM configurations after the upgrade to see if all match your earlier configurations Caution A backup of your controller configuration file is rec...

Page 57: ...ears indicating the status of the download Step 11 Disable any WLANs on the controller Step 12 After the download is complete click Reboot Step 13 If prompted to save your changes click Save and Reboot Step 14 Click OK to confirm your decision to reboot the controller Step 15 After the controller reboots re enable the WLANs Step 16 If desired reload your latest configuration file to the controller...

Page 58: ...idging if desired Refer to the Configuring Ethernet Bridging section on page 77 12 Configure advanced features such Ethernet VLAN tagging network video and voice Refer to the Configuring Advanced Features section on page 97 Adding MAC Addresses of Mesh Access Points to MAC Filter You must enter the MAC address for all mesh access points that you want to use in the mesh network into the appropriate...

Page 59: ...AC filter For 1130 and 1240 indoor mesh access points enter the Ethernet MAC If the required MAC address does not appear on the exterior of the mesh access point enter the following command at the access point console to display the BVI and Ethernet MAC addresses sh int i Hardware Step 4 From the Profile Name drop down box select Any WLAN Step 5 In the Description field enter a description of the ...

Page 60: ...enter this command save config Defining Mesh Access Point Role By default AP1520s are shipped with a radio role set to MAP You must reconfigure a mesh access point to act as a RAP General Notes about MAP and RAP Association With The Controller A MAP always sets the Ethernet port as the primary backhaul if it is UP and secondarily the 802 11a radio This gives the network administrator time to recon...

Page 61: ...y to commit your changes and to cause the access point to reboot Using the CLI to Configure the AP Role To configure the role of a mesh access point using the CLI enter the following command config ap role rootAP meshAP Cisco_AP Verifying Layer 3 Configuration Verify that the initial controller that the mesh access point is to associate with is at Layer 3 To verify that the controller is configure...

Page 62: ...is the network IP address where the controller resides such as 10 0 15 1 Netmask is the subnet mask such as 255 255 255 0 Default router is the IP address of the default router such as 10 0 0 1 DNS Server is the IP address of the DNS server such as 10 0 10 2 Step 3 Add the option 60 line using the following syntax option 60 ascii VCI string For the VCI string use one of the values below The quotat...

Page 63: ...irst available controller in the backup list and joins the controller if it receives a response within the time configured for the primary discovery request timer If the time limit is reached the mesh access point assumes that the controller cannot be joined and waits for a discovery response from the next available controller in the list Note When a mesh access point s primary controller comes ba...

Page 64: ... the name of the controller in the Back up Primary Controller Name field Note The default value for the IP address is 0 0 0 0 which disables the primary backup controller Step 4 If you want to specify a secondary backup controller for all access points enter the IP address of the secondary backup controller in the Back up Secondary Controller IP Address field and the name of the controller in the ...

Page 65: ...y or tertiary controller Otherwise the mesh access point cannot join the backup controller e If desired enter the name and IP address of the secondary backup controller for this mesh access point in the Secondary Controller fields f If desired enter the name and IP address of the tertiary backup controller for this mesh access point in the Tertiary Controller fields g No change is required to the ...

Page 66: ...command config advanced backup controller primary backup_controller_name backup_controller_ip_address Step 5 To configure a secondary backup controller for all mesh access points enter this command config advanced backup controller secondary backup_controller_name backup_controller_ip_address Note To delete a primary or secondary backup controller entry enter 0 0 0 0 for the controller IP address ...

Page 67: ...w advanced backup controller command AP primary Backup Controller controller1 10 10 10 10 AP secondary Backup Controller 0 0 0 0 Information similar to the following appears for the show advanced timers command Authentication Response Timeout seconds 10 Rogue Entry Timeout seconds 1300 AP Heart Beat Timeout seconds 30 AP Discovery Timeout seconds 10 AP Primary Discovery Timeout seconds 120 Informa...

Page 68: ...DIUS servers need to trust Cisco Root CA 2048 For information on installing and trusting the CA certificates see the Configuring RADIUS Servers section on page 68 Note If mesh access points connect to a the controller using a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet interface only MAC authorization is required Note This feature also supports local EAP and PSK authentication on the controller Configuring ...

Page 69: ...ate based identity serves as the username for the mesh access point in user validation For IOS based mesh access points 1130 1240 1522 1524 in addition to adding the MAC address to the user list you need to enter the platform_name_string Ethernet_MAC_address string to the user list for example c1240 001122334455 The controller first sends the MAC address as the username if this first attempt fails...

Page 70: ...on Using the CLI to Enable External Authentication of Mesh Access Points To enable external authentication for mesh access points using the CLI enter the following commands a config mesh security eap b config macfilter mac delimiter colon c config mesh security rad mac filter enable d config mesh radius server index enable e config mesh security force ext auth enable Optional Using the CLI to View...

Page 71: ...nabling a backhaul to carry client traffic Defining if VLAN tags are forwarded or not Defining the authentication mode EAP or PSK and method local or external for mesh access points including security settings local and external authentication You can configure the necessary mesh parameters using either the GUI or the CLI All parameters are applied globally Using the GUI to Configure Global Mesh P...

Page 72: ...seful for university or enterprise outdoor campus areas or for public safety users who want to find out who is operating in 4 9 GHz When you disable this feature no IDS reports are generated which preserves bandwidth on the backhaul Note IDS reporting is enabled for all indoor mesh access points and cannot be disabled Note IDS reporting is disabled by default for all outdoor mesh access points Bac...

Page 73: ...e Note If the Ethernet port is set to Trunk mode then Ethernet VLAN tagging must be configured Refer to Using the GUI to Enable Ethernet Bridging section on page 78 Note For an overview of normal access and trunk Ethernet port use refer to the Ethernet Port Notes section on page 99 Note To use VLAN tagging you must uncheck the VLAN Transparent check box Note VLAN Transparent is enabled as a defaul...

Page 74: ...and authentication EAP FAST uses the manufacturer s certificate CERT to authenticate the child mesh access point Additionally this manufacturer certificate based identity serves as the username for the mesh access point in user validation For IOS based mesh access points 1130 1240 1522 1524 the platform name of the mesh access point is located in front of its Ethernet address within the certificat...

Page 75: ... the backhaul interface enter this command config ap bhrate rate auto Cisco_AP Step 4 To enable or disable client association on the primary backhaul 802 11a of a mesh access point enter these commands config mesh client access enable disable config ap wlan enable disable 802 11a Cisco_AP config ap wlan add delete 802 11a wlan_id Cisco_AP Step 5 To enable or disable VLAN transparent enter this com...

Page 76: ...are able to associate with 802 11a wireless clients over the 802 11a backhaul This client association is in addition to the existing communication on the 802 11a backhaul between the root and mesh access points controller show mesh client access Backhaul with client access status enabled show mesh ids state Shows the status of the IDS reports on the backhaul as either enabled or disabled controlle...

Page 77: ...on page 84 Cisco 3200 Series Association and Interoperability Refer to Configuring Interoperability with the Cisco 3200 section on page 86 Power and Channel Setting Refer to Configuring Power and Channel Settings section on page 89 Antenna Gain Settings Refer to the Configuring Antenna Gain section on page 92 Dynamic Channel Assignment Refer to Configuring Dynamic Channel Assignment section on pag...

Page 78: ...on a RAP or MAP using the GUI follow these steps Step 1 Click Wireless All APs Step 2 Click the AP name link of the mesh access point on which you want to enable Ethernet bridging Step 3 At the details window select the Mesh tab See Figure 46 Figure 46 All APs Details for Mesh Window Step 4 Select either RootAP or MeshAP from the AP Role drop down menu if not already selected MeshAP Select this op...

Page 79: ... the mesh access point Configuring Bridge Group Names Bridge group names BGN controls the association of mesh access points BGNs can logically group radios to avoid two networks on the same channel from communicating with each other The setting is also useful if you have more than one RAP in your network in the same sector area BGN is a string of 10 characters maximum A BGN of NULL VALUE is assign...

Page 80: ...k Cisco controller show ap config general AP_Name Information similar to the following displays to the screen Verifying BGN Using the GUI To verify BGN using the GUI follow these steps Step 1 Click Wireless Access Points AP Name the details window for the selected mesh access point appears Step 2 Click the Mesh tab Details for the mesh access point including BGN appears See Figure 47 ...

Page 81: ...GB clients contains an extra MAC address in the 802 11 header 4 MAC header versus the normal 3 MAC data headers The extra MAC in the header is the address of the workgroup bridge itself This extra MAC address is used to route the packet to and from the clients WGB association is supported on both the 2 4 GHz 802 11b g and 5 GHz 802 11a radios on the AP1522 and the 2 4 GHz 802 11b and 4 9 GHz publi...

Page 82: ...able the second radio Workgroup bridge mode is not supported on access points with three radios such as the AP1524 Client mode WGB BSS is supported however infrastructure WGB is not supported The client mode WGB is not able to trunk VLANs as is an infrastructure WGB Multicast traffic is not reliably transmitted to WGB because no ACKs are returned by the client Whereas multicast traffic is unicast ...

Page 83: ...s Step 1 Click Monitor Clients Step 2 At the client summary window click on the MAC address of the client or search for the client using its MAC address Step 3 In the window that appears note that the client type is identified as WGB far right See Figure 51 Figure 51 Clients are Identified as WGB Step 4 Click on MAC address of the client to view configuration details If a wireless client the windo...

Page 84: ...213 01 Connecting the Cisco 1520 Series Mesh Access Point to Your Network Figure 52 Monitor Clients Detail Window Wireless WGB Client Figure 53 Monitor Clients Detail Window Wired WGB Client Configuring Public Safety Band Settings A public safety band 4 9 GHz is supported on the AP1522 and AP1524PS See Figure 54 ...

Page 85: ... use the 4 9 GHz backhaul and the1524PS must be in its own RAP tree and use the 5 8 GHz backhaul In some parts of the world including the US you can only have public safety traffic on the 4 9 GHz backhaul Check the destination countries compliance before installing The 4 9 GHz sub band radio on the AP1524PS supports public safety channels within the 5 MHz channels 1 to 10 10 MHz channels 11 19 and...

Page 86: ...gital video recorders printers PDAs and scanners can share wireless networks such as cellular or WLAN based services back to the main infrastructure This allows data collected from in vehicle deployments such as a police cars to be integrated into the overall wireless infrastructure This section provides configuration guidelines and step by step instructions for configuring interoperability betwee...

Page 87: ...teroperability This configuration change is made on the controller No changes are made to the mesh access point configuration Channel assignments are only made to the RAP Updates to the MAP are propagated by the RAP The default channel width for Cisco 3200s is 5 MHz You must either change the channel width to 10 or 20 MHz to enable WGBs to associate with the AP1522 and AP1524PS or change the chann...

Page 88: ...ou are prompted with a message to allow reboot of all the mesh access points to enable Backhaul Client Access on a network Click OK Step 3 To assign the channel to use for the backhaul channels 20 through 26 click Wireless Access Points Radio and select 802 11a n from the Radio sub heading A summary window for all 802 11a radios displays Step 4 At the Antenna drop down menu for the appropriate RAP...

Page 89: ...nel ap Cisco_MAP channel number config 802 11a enable Cisco_MAP b On the AP1524PS enter these commands config 802 11 a49 disable Cisco_MAP config 802 11 a49 channel ap Cisco_MAP channel number config 802 11 a49 enable Cisco_MAP Note Enter config 802 11 a58 enable Cisco_MAP to enable a 5 8 GHz radio Note For both the AP1522 and AP1524PS channel number is equal to any value 1 to 26 Step 4 To save yo...

Page 90: ... n Radios Window Note In Figure 57 radio slots are displayed for each radio For an AP1524SB the 802 11a radio will display for slots 1 and 2 that operate on the 5 8 GHz band For an AP1524PS the 802 11a radio will display for slots 1 and 2 operating on the 5 8 GHz and 4 9 GHz bands respectively Step 2 Select configure from the antenna drop down menu for the 802 11 a n radio The configure window app...

Page 91: ... Radio Resource Management RRM is OFF disabled by default RRM cannot be turned ON enabled for the backhaul Step 5 Click Apply when power and channel assignment are complete Step 6 From the 802 11 a n Radios window verify that channel assignments were made correctly see Figure 59 Figure 59 Channel Assignment Using the CLI to Configure the Channels on the Serial Backhaul To configure channels on the...

Page 92: ...P Current Tx Power Level 1 Current Channel 165 Antenna Type EXTERNAL_ANTENNA External Antenna Gain in 5 dBm units 0 Basic Attributes for Slot 2 Radio Type RADIO_TYPE_80211a Radio Role RADIO_DOWNLINK Administrative State ADMIN_ENABLED Operation State UP Current Tx Power Level 3 Current Channel 153 Antenna Type EXTERNAL_ANTENNA External Antenna Gain in 5 dBm units 0 show ap channel MAP1SB Informatio...

Page 93: ...o open the 802 11a n Radios window Step 2 For the mesh access point antenna you want to configure hover over the blue arrow far right to display antenna options Choose Configure See Figure 60 Note Only external antennas have configurable gain settings Figure 60 802 11a n Radios Window Step 3 In the Antenna Parameters section enter the antenna gain Gain is entered in 0 5 dBm units For example 2 5 d...

Page 94: ...pecify the channels that the dynamic channel assignment DCA algorithm considers when selecting the channels to be used for RRM scanning This functionality is helpful when you know that the clients do not support certain channels because they are legacy devices or they have certain regulatory restrictions The steps outlined in this section are only relevant to mesh networks Step 1 To disable the 80...

Page 95: ...e controller to evaluate and update the channel assignment for all joined mesh access points if necessary but only when you click Invoke Channel Update Once Note The controller does not evaluate and update the channel assignment immediately after you click Invoke Channel Update Once It waits for the next interval to elapse OFF Turns off DCA and sets all mesh access point radios to the first channe...

Page 96: ...th significant interference from non access point sources such as microwave ovens The default value is checked Step 9 From the DCA Channel Sensitivity drop down box choose one of the following options to specify how sensitive the DCA algorithm is to environmental changes such as signal load noise and interference when determining whether to change channels Low The DCA algorithm is not particularly...

Page 97: ...box Step 12 If you are using AP1520s in your network you need to set the 4 9 GHz channels in the 802 11a band on which they are to operate The 4 9 GHz band is for public safety client access traffic only To choose a 4 9 GHz channel check its check box in the Select column To exclude a channel uncheck its check box Range 802 11a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 D...

Page 98: ...r bridged to another wireless mesh network trunk mode A typical public safety access application using Ethernet VLAN tagging is placement of video surveillance cameras at various outdoor locations within a city Each of these video cameras has a wired connection to a MAP The video of all these cameras is then streamed across the wireless backhaul to a central command station on a wired network see ...

Page 99: ...ed to the MAP such as cameras or PCs and then forwarded to the RAP The RAP then applies tags and forwards traffic to a switch on the wired network Trunk mode This mode requires the user to configure a native VLAN and an allowed VLAN list no defaults In this mode both tagged and untagged packets are accepted Untagged packets are accepted and are tagged with the user specified native VLAN Tagged pac...

Page 100: ...required For indoor mesh networks AP1130 AP1240 the VLAN tagging feature functions as it does for outdoor mesh networks Any access port that is not acting as a backhaul is secondary and can be used for VLAN tagging VLAN tagging cannot be implemented on indoor access point RAPs because they do not have a secondary Ethernet port and their primary port is used as a backhaul However VLAN tagging can b...

Page 101: ... and 3 fiber Up to 16 VLANs are supported on each sector Therefore the cumulative number of VLANs supported by a RAP s children MAPs cannot exceed 16 The switch port connected to the RAP must be a trunk The trunk port on the switch and the RAP trunk port must match The RAP must always connect to the native VLAN ID 1 on a switch The RAP s primary Ethernet interface is by default the native VLAN of ...

Page 102: ...e request to its parent This propagation continues until the RAP is reached 3 When the request reaches the RAP it checks whether it is able to support the VLAN request If yes the RAP creates a bridge group and a sub interface on its uplink Ethernet interface to support the VLAN request 4 If the mesh access point is not able to support the VLAN request by its child at any point the mesh access poin...

Page 103: ...for Mesh Window Step 4 Click the Ethernet Bridging check box to enable the feature and click Apply An Ethernet Bridging section appears at the bottom of the window listing each of the four Ethernet port of the mesh access point An Ethernet Bridging section appears at the bottom of the window listing each of the four Ethernet port of the mesh access point 1 If configuring a MAP access port click gi...

Page 104: ... configured VLANs appears at the bottom of the screen The trunk VLAN ID field is for outgoing packets d Enter a trunk VLAN ID for outgoing packets If forwarding untagged packets do not change the default trunk VLAN ID value of zero MAP to MAP bridging campus environment If forwarding tagged packets enter a VLAN ID 1 to 4095 that is not already assigned RAP to switch on wired network e Click Add to...

Page 105: ... configure a RAP or MAP trunk port enter this command config ap ethernet 0 mode trunk enable AP1520 MAP 60 where AP1520 MAP is the variable AP_name and 60 is the variable native_vlan ID To add a VLAN to the VLAN allowed list of the native VLAN enter this command config ap ethernet 0 mode trunk add AP1522 MAP3 65 where AP1522 MAP 3 is the variable AP_name and 65 is the variable vlan ID Using the CL...

Page 106: ...int it sends an information packet to the new access point listing the characteristics of its previous access point Roaming time decreases when the client recognizes and uses an access point list built by compiling all previous access points to which each client was associated and sent unicast to the client immediately after association The access point list contains the channels BSSIDs of neighbo...

Page 107: ...d CAC and load based CAC All calls on a mesh network are bandwidth based so mesh access points use only bandwidth based CAC Bandwidth based or static CAC enables the client to specify how much bandwidth or shared medium time is required to accept a new call Each access point determines whether it is capable of accommodating a particular call by looking at the bandwidth available and compares it ag...

Page 108: ... IP DSCP values and QoS WLAN overrides When the queue capacity has been reached additional frames are dropped tail drop Encapsulations There are several encapsulations used by the mesh system These include CAPWAP control and data between the controller and RAP over the mesh backhaul and between the mesh access point and its client s The encapsulation of bridging traffic non controller traffic from...

Page 109: ...ough user traffic is limited to gold silver and bronze The platinum queue is used exclusively for CAPWAP control traffic and Voice and has been reworked from the standard 802 11e parameters for CWmin CWmax and so on to provide more robust transmission but higher latencies Similarly the 802 11e parameters for CWmin CWmax and so on for the gold queue have been reworked to provide lower latency at th...

Page 110: ...order to protect the platinum queue from use by non CAPWAP applications For a MAP to the client path there are two different procedures depending on whether the client is a WMM client or a normal client If the client is a WMM client the DSCP value in the outer frame is examined and the 802 11e priority queue is used Table 17 If the client is not a WMM client the WLAN override as configured at the ...

Page 111: ...of 6 but they must be below the QoS profile configured for its WLAN If admission control is configured WMM clients must use TSPEC signaling and get admitted by CAC The CAPWAPP data traffic carries wireless client traffic and hence has the same priority and treatment as wireless client traffic Now that the DSCP value is determined the rules described earlier for the backhaul path from RAP to MAP ar...

Page 112: ... to mark the bits with DSCP value to take advantage of QoS Note QoS only is relevant when there is congestion on the network Guidelines For Using Voice On The Mesh Network Voice is only supported on indoor mesh access points 1130 and 1240 When voice is operating on a mesh network calls must not traverse more than two hops Each sector must be configured to require no more than two hops for voice RF...

Page 113: ...l type On the WLANs Edit QoS window Select a QoS of platinum for voice and gold for video on the backhaul Select allowed as the WMM policy On the WLANs Edit QoS window Select CCKM for authorization auth key management mgmt if you want to support fast roaming Refer to the Client Roaming section on page 106 On the x y window Disable voice active detection VAD Voice Call Support in a Mesh Network Tab...

Page 114: ...ction to view details on voice and video calls on the mesh network Note Refer to Figure 73 when using the CLI commands and viewing their output Table 20 Actual Calls Possible In A Clean Ideal Environment1 1 Traffic was bidirectional 64K voice flows VoCoder type G 711 PER 1 Network setup was daisy chained with no calls traversing more than 2 hops No external interference No of calls 802 11a radio 8...

Page 115: ... number of voice calls and the bandwidth used for voice calls on each RAP enter this command show mesh cac summary Information similar to the following appears AP Name Slot Radio BW Used Max Calls SB_RAP1 0 11b g 0 23437 0 1 11a 0 23437 2 SB_MAP1 0 11b g 0 23437 0 1 11a 0 23437 0 SB_MAP2 0 11b g 0 23437 0 1 11a 0 23437 0 SB_MAP3 0 11b g 0 23437 0 1 11a 0 23437 0 802 11A 802 11B G RAP 01 MAP 02 272...

Page 116: ... at each hop is identical For example mesh access points map1 map2 map3 and rap1 are all on the same radio backhaul 802 11a and are using the same bandwidth 3048 All of the calls are in the same interference domain A call placed anywhere in that domain affects the others To view the mesh tree topology for the network and display the number of voice calls that are in progress by mesh access point r...

Page 117: ...all that initiates at map2 show mesh cac call path SB_MAP2 and terminates at rap1 by way of map1 one call is added to the map2 802 11b g and 802 11a radio calls column one call to the map1 802 11a backhaul radio calls column and one call to the rap1 802 11a backhaul radio calls column To view the mesh tree topology of the network the voice calls that are rejected at the mesh access point radio due...

Page 118: ... multicasts among Ethernet LANs within a mesh network Mesh multicast modes manage non CAPWAP multicast traffic only CAPWAP multicast traffic is governed by a different mechanism The three mesh multicast modes are Regular mode Data is multicast across the entire mesh network and all its segments by bridging enabled RAPs and MAPs In mode Multicast packets received from the Ethernet by a MAP are forw...

Page 119: ...Snooping IGMP snooping delivers improved RF usage through selective multicast forwarding and optimizes packet forwarding in voice and video applications A mesh access point transmits multicast packets only if a client is associated with the mesh access point that is subscribed to the multicast group So when IGMP snooping is enabled only that multicast traffic relevant to given hosts is forwarded T...

Page 120: ...P local queue stats security stats Show AP security stats ap Show mesh ap summary config Show mesh configurations secondary backhaul Show mesh secondary backhaul ids state Show mesh ids state client access Show mesh backhaul with client access public safety Show mesh public safety background scanning Show mesh background scanning state cac Show mesh cac Viewing General Mesh Network Details show me...

Page 121: ... 7b c1 e0 1 y1 H2 AIR LAP1522AG A K9 00 1a a2 ff f9 00 00 1b d4 a6 f4 60 1 Number of Mesh APs 3 Number of RAPs 2 Number of MAPs 1 show mesh path Displays MAC Addresses access point role SNR ratios dBs for uplink and downlink SNRUp SNRDown and link SNR for a particular path Cisco Controller show mesh path mesh 45 rap1 AP Name Radio Mac Channel Snr Up Snr Down Link Snr Flags State mesh 45 rap1 165 1...

Page 122: ...s Configuration DHCP IP Address 1 100 163 133 Primary Cisco Switch Name 1 4404 Primary Cisco Switch IP Address 2 2 2 2 Secondary Cisco Switch Name 1 4404 Secondary Cisco Switch IP Address 2 2 2 2 Tertiary Cisco Switch Name 2 4404 Tertiary Cisco Switch IP Address 1 1 1 4 show mesh astools stats Cisco_AP Displays anti stranding statistics for all outdoor mesh access points or a specific mesh access ...

Page 123: ...A server disabled Force External Authentication disabled Mesh Alarm Criteria Max Hop Count 4 Recommended Max Children for MAP 10 Recommended Max Children for RAP 20 Low Link SNR 12 High Link SNR 60 Max Association Number 10 Association Interval 60 minutes Parent Change Numbers 3 Parent Change Interval 60 minutes Mesh Multicast Mode In Out Mesh Full Sector DFS enabled Mesh Ethernet Bridging VLAN Tr...

Page 124: ...sed 0 day s 0 hour s 47 minute s 6 second s show mesh dfs channel channel number Displays a history of radar detections and outages for a specified channel Cisco Controller show mesh dfs channel 104 ap1520 show mesh dfs channel 104 Channel 104 is available Time elapsed since radar last detected 0 day s 0 hour s 48 minute s 11 second s Viewing Public Safety Setting show mesh public safety Verifies ...

Page 125: ...ains how to use the controller GUI or CLI to view mesh statistics for specific mesh access points Note You can modify the Statistics Timer interval setting on the All APs Details window of the controller GUI Using the GUI to View Mesh Statistics for a Mesh Access Point To view mesh statistics for a specific mesh access point using the controller GUI follow these steps Step 1 Click Wireless Access ...

Page 126: ...oint Name Statistics Window This window shows the role of the mesh access point in the mesh network the name of the bridge group to which the mesh access point belongs the backhaul interface on which the access point operates and the number of the physical switch port It also displays a variety of mesh statistics for this mesh access point Table 22 describes each of the statistics ...

Page 127: ...umber of responses received from the neighbor mesh access points Tx Neighbor Requests The number of unicast and broadcast requests sent to the neighbor mesh access points Tx Neighbor Responses The number of responses sent to the neighbor mesh access points Parent Changes Count The number of times a mesh access point child moves to another parent Neighbor Timeouts Count The number of neighbor timeo...

Page 128: ...ss point and its parent ReassociationRequest Failures The number of failed reassociation requests between the selected mesh access point and its parent ReassociationRequest Timeouts The number of reassociation request timeouts between the selected mesh access point and its parent Reassociation Requests Successful The number of successful reassociation requests between the selected mesh access poin...

Page 129: ...atistics Association Failures 0 Association Timeouts 0 Association Successes 0 Authentication Failures 0 Authentication Timeouts 0 Authentication Successes 0 Re Association Failures 0 Re Association Timeouts 0 Mesh Node Security Stats continued Unknown Reauthentication Requests The number of unknown reauthentication requests received by the parent mesh access point node from its child This state m...

Page 130: ...dropped due to queue overflow Peak Length The peak number of packets waiting in the queue during the defined statistics time interval Average Length The average number of packets waiting in the queue during the defined statistics time interval Viewing Neighbor Statistics for an Mesh Access Point This section explains how to use the controller GUI or CLI to view neighbor statistics for a selected m...

Page 131: ...s point appears see Figure 77 Figure 77 All APs Access Point Name Neighbor Info Window This window lists the parent children and neighbors of the mesh access point It provides each mesh access point s name and radio MAC address Step 3 To perform a link test between the mesh access point and its parent or children follow these steps a Hover your cursor over the blue drop down arrow of the parent or...

Page 132: ...ver the blue drop down arrow for the desired mesh access point and choose Details The All APs Access Point Name Link Details Neighbor Name window appears see Figure 80 Figure 80 All APs Access Point Name Link Details Neighbor Name Window b Click Back to return to the All APs Access Point Name Neighbor Info window Step 5 To view statistics for any of the mesh access points on this window follow the...

Page 133: ...GH PARENT BEACON 00 0B 85 80 ED D0 149 5 6 5 0x1a60 NEED UPDATE BEACON DEFAULT 00 17 94 FE C3 5F 149 7 0 0 0x860 BEACON To view the channel and signal to noise ratio SNR details for a link between a mesh access point and its neighbor enter this command show mesh path AP_Name Information similar to the following appears AP Name Radio Mac Channel Snr Up Snr Down Link Snr Flags State mesh 45 rap1 165...

Page 134: ...cessfully transmitted packets number of total packets transmitted Troubleshooting This section provides troubleshooting information Installation and Connections 1 Connect the mesh access point that you want to be the RAP to the controller 2 Deploy the radios MAPs at the desired locations 3 Using the CLI enter the command show mesh ap summary to see all MAPs and RAPs on the controller See Figure 82...

Page 135: ...d to a controller they already have learned a controller s name After configuring the controller name the mesh access point reboots 3 Click Wireless AP Name to check the mesh access point s primary controller on the AP details window Debug Commands The following two commands are very helpful to see the messages being exchanged between mesh access points and the controller Cisco Controller debug ca...

Page 136: ...r Mesh Access Point Mounting Instructions document at http www cisco com en US docs wireless access_point 1520 mounting installation guide 1520mountInst html wp40299 The AP1520s have console access security embedded in the code to prevent unauthorized access on the console port and provide enhanced security The login ID and password for console access are configured from the controller You can use...

Page 137: ...ess Points Design and Deployment Guide Release 6 0 OL 20213 01 Troubleshooting Mesh Access Point CLI Commands You can enter these commands directly on the mesh access point using the AP console port or you can use the remote debug feature from the controller ...

Page 138: ...mesh forwarding packet bridge group Debugs bridge group configuration Mesh Access Point Roles By default the AP1520s are shipped with a radio role set to MAP Therefore you must change the radio role on a mesh access point for it to function as RAP You can change this configuration on the mesh access point by statically setting them as rooftop access points or mesh access points with the following ...

Page 139: ... MAP failing to connect to a WLAN controller on an Ethernet port that is UP sets the 802 11a radio as the primary backhaul Failing to find a neighbor or failing to connect to a WLAN controller via any neighbor on 802 11a radio causes the primary backhaul to be UP on the Ethernet port again MAP will give preference to the parent which has the same BGN A MAP connected to a controller over an Etherne...

Page 140: ...ts within its network When the command debug mesh astools troubleshoot mac addr start is run the controller will run through the list to find the stranded mesh access point mac addr A message is sent to the best neighbor to start listening to the stranded access point The listening mesh access point will get the distress beacons from the stranded mesh access point and sends it to the controller On...

Page 141: ... the new channel and enters into the silent mode During the silent mode only the receiver is ON RAP keeps scanning the new channel for any radar presence for 60 seconds This is called channel availability check CAC 9 MAPs tune to the new channel and enter into the silent mode During the silent mode only the receiver is ON MAPs keeps scanning the new channel for any radar presence for 60 seconds 10...

Page 142: ...nated channel change This functionally can be turned on or off on the controller Coordinated channel change is enabled by default To enable DFS enter Cisco Controller config mesh full sector dfs enable To verify that DFS is enabled on the network enter Cisco Controller show network Note A MAP that detects radar should send a message to the RAP unless the parent has a different BGN in which case it...

Page 143: ...ere is active radar on each of the channels ap1520 rap show mesh dfs channel 132 Radar detected on channel 132 channel becomes unusable Time Elapsed 0 day s 7 hour s 7 minute s 11 second s Channel is set to 100 Time Elapsed 0 day s 7 hour s 7 minute s 11 second s Radar detected on channel 116 channel becomes unusable Time Elapsed 0 day s 7 hour s 6 minute s 42 second s Channel is set to 64 Time El...

Page 144: ...sh access point to the static value regardless of whether the mesh access point has been configured with a new channel or not In order to overcome this configure the mesh access point with a new channel and reboot the mesh access point Once radar is reliably detected on a channel that channel and the two surrounding channels should be added to the RRM exclusion list as follows Cisco Controller con...

Page 145: ...4 For each failed attempt in Step 3 exclusion list the neighbor and attempt to connect the next best neighbor 5 If the AP fails to connect with all neighbors in Step 4 reboot the mesh access point 6 If connected with a default bridgegroupname for 15 minutes the mesh access point will go into a scan state When an mesh access point is able to connect with the default bridgegroupname the parent node ...

Page 146: ...s but it might make sense in small to medium size networks approx 10 100 mesh nodes given the number of mesh nodes are relatively small compared to client hosts Statically configuring the IP address on a mesh node has the possibility of putting a MAP on a wrong network such as a subnet or VLAN This could prevent a mesh access point from successfully resolving the IP gateway eventually failing to d...

Page 147: ...de In other words a mesh access point attempts to discover a controller in Layer 3 mode first and in this mode attempts with both static IP if configured or DHCP if possible The AP then attempts to discover a controller in Layer 2 mode After finishing a number of Layer 3 and Layer 2 mode attempts the mesh access point changes its parent node and re attempts DHCP discovery Additionally the software...

Page 148: ...neypot credit It is often possible that a node is not a really a honeypot but appears to be due to some transient backend condition such as The DHCP server is either not up and running yet has failed temporarily or requires a reboot The WLAN controller is either not up and running yet has failed temporarily or requires a reboot The Ethernet cable on the RAP was accidentally disconnected Such non h...

Page 149: ...y are not accidentally considered as parents if they were or are supposed to be on the exclusion list database The node exclusion listing algorithm is constructed to guard the mesh network against serious stranding which was observed in customers networks It integrates into AWPP in such a way that a node can quickly re converge and find the correct network under many kinds of adversities Throughpu...

Page 150: ...es cumulative ACKs and the receiver reports how much of the current stream has been received An ACK might cover any number of packets up to the TCP window size TCP uses slow start and multiplicative decrease to respond to network congestion or packet loss When a packet is lost the TCP window will be cut in half and the back off retransmission timer will be increased exponentially Wireless is subje...

Page 151: ... 181 Adding Campus Maps Outdoor Areas and Buildings with Cisco WCS For mesh networks maps and items on those maps buildings and mesh access points are added to Cisco WCS in the following order 1 Add campus map 2 Add outdoor area map 3 Add buildings 4 Add mesh access points Detailed steps for adding these maps and components are noted below Adding Campus Maps To add a single campus map to the Cisco...

Page 152: ...zes the map to fit the workspace Step 2 Click Monitor Maps to display the Maps window Step 3 Click the desired campus Cisco WCS displays the Maps Campus Name window Step 4 From the Select a command drop down menu choose New Outdoor Area and click GO Step 5 On the Campus Name New Outdoor Area window follow these steps to create a manageable outdoor area a Enter the outdoor area name b Enter the out...

Page 153: ...to organize related floor plan maps a Enter the building name b Enter the building contact name c Enter the number of floors and basements d Enter an approximate building horizontal span and vertical span width and depth on the map in feet Tip The horizontal and vertical span should be larger than or the same size as any floors that you might add later You can also use Ctrl click to resize the bou...

Page 154: ...and display the Position Access Points map Note The mesh access point icons appear in the upper left area of the map Step 5 Click and drag the icons to indicate their physical locations Step 6 Click each icon and choose the antenna orientation in the sidebar See Figure 88 Figure 88 Antenna Sidebar The antenna angle is relative to the map s X axis Because the origin of the X horizontal and Y vertic...

Page 155: ...gure 89 shows an RF prediction heat map Note This display is only an approximation of the actual RF signal intensity because it does not take into account the attenuation of various building materials such as drywall or metal objects nor does it display the effects of RF signals bouncing off obstructions Figure 89 RF Prediction Heat Map Monitoring Mesh Access Points Using Google Earth Cisco WCS su...

Page 156: ... 5 Import the new Google KML folder see Figure 90 It displays in the folder name summary Figure 90 Importing New Folder into Google Earth Step 6 Click the launch icon next to the new folder to launch the Google Earth map from Cisco WCS Viewing Google Earth Maps You can view campus maps mesh access point and link information using Google maps To view Google Earth maps follow these steps Step 1 Log ...

Page 157: ...S Figure 91 Google Earth Map Window Step 4 Click Launch for the map you want to view Google Earth opens in a separate window and displays the location and its mesh access points Note To use this feature you must have Google Earth installed on your computer and configured to auto launch when data is sent from the server You can download Google Earth from Google s web site ...

Page 158: ...Wireless Mesh Access Points Design and Deployment Guide Release 6 0 OL 20213 01 Adding and Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco WCS Figure 92 Google Earth Map With Mesh Access Point Details Figure 93 Google Earth Map With Mesh Link Details ...

Page 159: ...e details window Adding Indoor Mesh Access Points to Cisco WCS By default the indoor mesh access points AP1130 AP1240 are in local mode Prior to a mesh installation you must first connect all indoor mesh access points to the controller and change the mode to bridge mode To do so connect all the indoor access points AP1130 AP1240 to the layer 3 network on the same subnet as the Management IP addres...

Page 160: ...y of Maps and Mesh Links section on page 177 Monitoring Mesh Networks Using Maps You can access and view details for the following elements from a mesh network map in Cisco WCS Mesh Link Statistics Mesh Access Points Mesh Access Point Neighbors Details on how this information is accessed and the information displayed for each of these items is detailed in the following sections Monitoring Mesh Lin...

Page 161: ...ccess Points with Cisco WCS Figure 95 Mesh Link Details Window Step 4 Click either Link Test Child to Parent or Link Test or Parent to Child After the link test is complete a results window appears see Figure 96 Note A link test runs for 30 seconds Note You cannot run link tests for both links child to parent and parent to child at the same time ...

Page 162: ...eighbor from the perspective of the mesh access point SNR Down Plots the RSSI values that the neighbor reports to the mesh access point Link SNR Plots a weighed and filtered measurement based on the SNR Up value The Adjusted Link Metric Plots the value used to determine the least cost path to the root mesh access point This value is the ease to get to the rooftop access point and accounts for the ...

Page 163: ...ss Points Using Maps You can view the following summary information for a mesh access point from a mesh network map Parent Number of children Hop count Role Group name Backhaul interface Data Rate Channel Note This information is in addition to the information shown for all mesh access points MAC address mesh access point model controller IP address location height of mesh access point mesh access...

Page 164: ...ation for a mesh access point move the cursor over the mesh access point that you want to monitor A window with configuration information for the selected mesh access point appears see Figure 98 Figure 98 Mesh AP Summary Panel Step 4 To view detailed configuration information for a mesh access point click the arrow portion of the mesh access point label The configuration details for the mesh acces...

Page 165: ...nded the letter m and the word mesh in parentheses b Choose the Interface tab to view configuration details for the interfaces supported on the mesh access point Interface options are radio and Ethernet c Choose the Mesh Links tab to view parent and neighbors details name MAC address packet error rate and link details for the mesh access point You can also initiate link tests from this panel d Cho...

Page 166: ...r a mesh access point click the arrow portion of the access point label The Access Points screen appears Step 4 Click the Mesh Links tab see Figure 100 Figure 100 Access Points Mesh Links Panel Note You can also mesh link details for neighbors of a selected mesh access point by clicking on the View Mesh Neighbors link on the mesh access point configuration summary panel that displays when you mous...

Page 167: ... and how often the information displayed is updated 5 mins You can modify these default values Monitoring Mesh Health Mesh Health monitors the overall health of outdoor and indoor mesh access points except as noted Tracking this environmental information is particularly critical for mesh access points that are deployed outdoors The following factors are monitored Temperature Displays the internal ...

Page 168: ...elow With the New Search option you can further define the criteria of the access points that display Search criteria include AP Type AP Mode Radio Type and 802 11n Support Figure 102 Monitor Access Points Step 2 Click the AP Name link to display details for that mesh access point The General Properties panel for that mesh access point appears see Figure 103 Note You can also access the General pr...

Page 169: ...nt Guide Release 6 0 OL 20213 01 Adding and Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco WCS Figure 103 AP Name General Properties Window To add remove or reorder columns in the table click the Edit View link Table 24 displays optional access point parameters available from the Edit View window ...

Page 170: ...tes whether the antenna is internal or external Audit Status Indicates one of the following audit statuses Mismatch Config differences were found between Cisco WCS and controller during the last audit Identical No config differences were found during the last audit Not Available Audit status is unavailable Bridge Group Name Indicates the name of the bridge group used to group the access points if ...

Page 171: ... and Outdoor area Step 2 Click the AP Name link of the target mesh access point A tabbed panel appears and displays the General Properties window for the selected mesh access point Step 3 Click the Mesh Statistics tab see Figure 104 A three tabbed Mesh Statistics panel appears Radio MAC Indicates the radio s MAC address Reg Domain Supported Indicates whether or not the regulatory domain is support...

Page 172: ...o display the panel click the arrow portion of the mesh access point label Figure 104 Monitor Access Points AP Name Mesh Statistics Summaries of the Bridging Queue and Security Statistics and their definitions are provided in Table 25 Table 26 and Table 27 respectively Table 25 Bridging Mesh Statistics Parameter Description Role The role of the mesh access point Options are mesh access point MAP a...

Page 173: ... number of responses received from the neighbor mesh access points TX Neighbor Requests The number of unicast and broadcast requests sent to the neighbor mesh access points TX Neighbor Responses The number of responses sent to the neighbor mesh access points Parent Changes The number of times a mesh access point child moves to another parent Neighbor Timeouts The number of neighbor timeouts Node H...

Page 174: ... mesh access point and its parent Association Request Timeouts Summarizes the total number of association request time outs that occur between the selected mesh access point and its parent Authentication Request Failures Summarizes the total number of failed authentication requests that occur between the selected mesh access point and its parent Authentication Request Success Summarizes the total ...

Page 175: ... selected mesh access point and its parent Reauthentication Request Failures Summarizes the total number of failed reauthentication requests between the selected mesh access point and its parent Reauthentication Request Success Summarizes the total number of successful reauthentication requests that occurred between the selected mesh access point and its parent Reauthentication Request Timeouts Su...

Page 176: ...4 Check the AP Mesh Info check box if it is not already checked Note The AP Mesh Info check box is only selectable if mesh access points are present on the map It must be checked to view the mesh hierarchy Step 5 Click the AP Mesh Info arrow to display the mesh parent child hierarchy Step 6 Click the plus sign next to a mesh access point to display its children All subordinate mesh access points a...

Page 177: ... menu Options are None Link SNR and Packet Error Rate b In the Mesh Parent Child Hierarchical View select an option from the Link Color drop down menu to define which parameter Link SNR or Packet Error Rate determines the color of the mesh link on the map Note The color of the link provides a quick reference point of the SNR strength or Packet Error Rate Table 28 Bridging Link Information Paramete...

Page 178: ...hical View click the Quick Selections drop down menu b Select the appropriate option from the menu A description of the options is provided in Table 30 Amber Represents a SNR between 20 and 25 dB acceptable value Represents a PER that is less than ten percent 10 and greater than one percent 1 Red Represents a SNR below 20 dB low value Represents a PER that is greater than ten percent 10 Table 29 D...

Page 179: ...ical view to modify which mesh access points are displayed For a child access point to be visible the parent access point to root access point must be selected Monitoring WGB You can monitor WGB clients separately To view details on WGB clients follow these steps Select up to 2nd hops Choose this setting if you want the map view to display 2nd hops only Select up to 3rd hops Choose this setting if...

Page 180: ...d Deployment Guide Release 6 0 OL 20213 01 Adding and Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco WCS Step 1 In Cisco WCS click Monitor WGBs The following window appears see Figure 107 Figure 107 Monitor WGBs Step 2 Click WGB Clients tab to see a summary of WGB clients See Figure 108 ...

Page 181: ...e 6 0 OL 20213 01 Adding and Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco WCS Figure 108 Monitor WGBs WGB Clients Panel Viewing AP Last Reboot Reason Cisco WCS now reports the reason for the most recent reboot on the general panel of the access point details window Monitor Access Points AP Name See Figure 109 ...

Page 182: ...P address rebootFromController Reboot of access point initiated from the controller dhcpFallbackFail Fallback to DHCP did not occur discoveryFail Discovery was not sent noJoinResponse Join response was not received denyJoin Join attempt at the controller was denied noConfigResponse Config Response was not received configController Configured or master controller found imageUpgrade Success Upgrade ...

Page 183: ...Limitation EtherFast EtherSwitch Event Center Fast Step Follow Me Browsing FormShare GigaDrive HomeLink Internet Quotient IOS iPhone iQuick Study IronPort the IronPort logo LightStream Linksys MediaTone MeetingPlace MeetingPlace Chime Sound MGX Networkers Networking Academy Network Registrar PCNow PIX PowerPanels ProConnect ScriptShare SenderBase SMARTnet Spectrum Expert StackWise The Fastest Way ...

Page 184: ...184 Cisco Aironet 1520 1130 1240 Series Wireless Mesh Access Points Design and Deployment Guide Release 6 0 OL 20213 01 Adding and Managing Mesh Access Points with Cisco WCS ...

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