Campbell CR3000 Micrologger Page 416 Operator'S Manual Download

Page: 416 / 644

Section 8. Operation

416

Time

Constants (τ)

Measurement

P terminal low-level ac mode

TABLE: Low-Level Ac Amplitude and Maximum

Measured Frequency (p. 416)

P terminal high-frequency mode

1.2

P terminal switch closure mode

3300

C terminal high-frequency mode

0.025

C terminal switch closure mode

0.025

Low-Level Ac Pules Input Ranges

Sine Wave Input

(mV RMS)

Maximum Frequency

(Hz)

200

2000

10,000

5000

20,000

FIGURE 98: Amplitude reduction of pulse count waveform (before and

after 1 µs µs time-constant filter)

Summary of Contents for CR3000 Micrologger

Page 1: ...OPERATOR S MANUAL CR3000 Micrologger Revision 12 16 Want to get going Go to the Quickstart p 37 section C o p y r i g h t 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 6 C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c I n c ...

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Page 5: ...ner Campbell Scientific s shipping address is CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC CANADA CORP RMA _____ 14532 131 Avenue NW Edmonton Alberta T5L 4X4 Canada For all returns the client must fill out a Statement of Product Cleanliness and Decontamination form and comply with the requirements specified in it The form is available from our web site at www campbellsci ca repair A completed form must be either emailed t...

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Page 7: ...e protection and take other appropriate safety precautions while working on or around tripods and towers Do not climb tripods or towers at any time and prohibit climbing by other persons Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower sites from trespassers Use only manufacturer recommended parts materials and tools Utility and Electrical You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury i...

Page 8: ...z ounce 28 35 g 1 lb pound weight 0 454 kg Pressure 1 psi lb in2 68 95 mb Volume 1 US gallon 3 785 litres In addition part ordering numbers may vary For example the CABLE5CBL is a CSI part number and known as a FIN5COND at Campbell Scientific Canada CSC CSC Technical Support will be pleased to assist with any questions About sensor wiring Please note that certain sensor configurations may require ...

Page 9: ...etup 44 4 6 4 Write CRBasic Program with Short Cut 46 4 6 4 1 Procedure Short Cut Steps 1 to 5 46 4 6 4 2 Procedure Short Cut Steps 6 to 7 47 4 6 4 3 Procedure Short Cut Step 8 47 4 6 4 4 Procedure Short Cut Steps 9 to 12 48 4 6 4 5 Procedure Short Cut Steps 13 to 14 48 4 6 5 Send Program and Collect Data 49 4 6 5 1 Procedure PC200W Step 1 49 4 6 5 2 Procedure PC200W Steps 2 to 4 50 4 6 5 3 Proced...

Page 10: ... 3 3 Pulse Sensor Wiring 75 5 2 4 Period Averaging Overview 76 5 2 5 Vibrating Wire Measurements Overview 77 5 2 6 Reading Smart Sensors Overview 77 5 2 6 1 SDI 12 Sensor Support Overview 78 5 2 6 2 RS 232 Overview 78 5 2 7 Field Calibration Overview 79 5 2 8 Cabling Effects Overview 79 5 2 9 Synchronizing Measurements Overview 79 5 2 9 1 Synchronizing Measurements in the CR3000 Overview 80 5 2 9 ...

Page 11: ... External Power Supply Installation 101 7 2 6 External Alkaline Power Supply 101 7 2 7 Integrated Batteries 101 7 2 7 1 Alkaline Battery Base 102 7 2 7 2 Sealed Rechargeable Battery Base 103 7 2 7 3 Low Profile No Battery Base 106 7 3 Grounding Details 106 7 3 1 ESD Protection 107 7 3 1 1 Lightning Protection 108 7 3 2 Single Ended Measurement Reference 109 7 3 3 Ground Potential Differences 110 7...

Page 12: ...3 3 Dimensioning String Variables 142 7 6 3 3 4 Declaring Flag Variables 142 7 6 3 4 Using Variable Pointers 143 7 6 3 5 Declaring Arrays 144 7 6 3 5 1 Advanced Array Declaration 145 7 6 3 6 Declaring Local and Global Variables 146 7 6 3 7 Initializing Variables 146 7 6 3 8 Declaring Constants 147 7 6 3 8 1 Predefined Constants 148 7 6 3 9 Declaring Aliases and Units 148 7 6 3 10 Numerical Formats...

Page 13: ...als in One Data Table 201 7 7 6 Data Output Triggers and Omitting Samples 202 7 7 7 Data Output Using Data Type Bool8 203 7 7 8 Data Output Using Data Type NSEC 208 7 7 8 1 NSEC Options 208 7 7 9 Data Output Wind Vector 211 7 7 9 1 OutputOpt Parameters 212 7 7 9 2 Wind Vector Processing 212 7 7 9 2 1 Measured Raw Data 213 7 7 9 2 2 Calculations 214 7 7 10 Data Output Writing High Frequency Data to...

Page 14: ...ocedure PRT 275 7 7 17 3 Example 100 Ω PRT in Four Wire Half Bridge with Voltage Excitation PT100 BrHalf4W 277 7 7 17 4 Example 100 Ω PRT in Three Wire Half Bridge with Voltage Excitation PT100 BrHalf3W 281 7 7 17 5 Example 100 Ω PRT in Four Wire Full Bridge with Voltage Excitation PT100 BrFull 285 7 7 17 6 Example 100 Ω PRT in Four Wire Basic Circuit PT100 Basic Resistance 290 7 7 17 7 Example 10...

Page 15: ...1 Voltage Measurement Limitations 380 8 1 2 7 2 Voltage Measurement Mechanics 383 8 1 2 7 3 Voltage Measurement Quality 386 8 1 3 Pulse Measurements Details 404 8 1 3 1 Pulse Measurement Terminals 407 8 1 3 2 Low Level Ac Measurements Details 407 8 1 3 3 High Frequency Measurements 408 8 1 3 3 1 Frequency Resolution 409 8 1 3 3 2 Frequency Measurement Q A 410 8 1 3 4 Switch Closure and Open Collec...

Page 16: ...s 430 8 4 4 Pulse Input Modules 431 8 4 4 1 Low Level Ac Input Modules Overview 431 8 4 5 Serial I O Modules Details 432 8 4 6 Terminal Input Modules 432 8 4 7 Vibrating Wire Modules 432 8 5 Datalogger Support Software Details 432 8 6 Program and OS File Compression Q and A 433 8 7 Security Details 436 8 7 1 Vulnerabilities 437 8 7 2 Pass Code Lockout 438 8 7 2 1 Pass Code Lockout By Pass 439 8 7 ...

Page 17: ...rver 470 8 10 1 6 2 Custom HTTP Web Server 471 8 10 1 7 Micro Serial Server 473 8 10 1 8 Modbus TCP IP 473 8 10 1 9 PakBus Over TCP IP and Callback 474 8 10 1 10 Ping IP 474 8 10 1 11 SNMP 474 8 10 1 12 Telnet 474 8 10 1 13 SMTP 475 8 10 1 14 Web API 475 8 10 1 15 Web API Details 475 8 10 2 DNP3 Details 475 8 10 3 Modbus Details 476 8 10 3 1 Modbus Terminology 476 8 10 3 1 1 Glossary of Modbus Ter...

Page 18: ...c Programs 505 10 5 1 Program Does Not Compile 505 10 5 2 Program Compiles Does Not Run Correctly 506 10 5 3 NAN and INF 506 10 5 3 1 Measurements and NAN 507 10 5 3 1 1 Voltage Measurements 507 10 5 3 1 2 SDI 12 Measurements 507 10 5 3 2 Floating Point Math NAN and INF 507 10 5 3 3 Data Types NAN and INF 507 10 5 3 4 Output Processing and NAN 509 10 5 4 Status Table as Debug Resource 510 10 5 4 1...

Page 19: ...cepts 563 11 2 1 Accuracy Precision and Resolution 563 12 Attributions 565 Appendices A Info Tables and Settings 567 A 1 Info Tables and Settings Directories 569 A 1 1 1 Info Tables and Settings Frequently Used 569 A 1 1 2 Info Tables and Settings Keywords 570 A 1 1 3 Info Tables and Settings Accessed by Keyboard Display 572 A 1 1 4 Info Tables and Settings Communications 574 A 1 1 5 Info Tables a...

Page 20: ...mms Devices List 611 E 7 3 Hardwire Networking Devices List 612 E 7 4 TCP IP Links List 612 E 7 5 Telephone Modems List 612 E 7 6 Private Network Radios List 613 E 7 7 Satellite Transceivers List 613 E 8 Data Storage Devices List 613 E 9 Datalogger Support Software List 614 E 9 1 Starter Software List 614 E 9 2 Datalogger Support Software List 615 E 9 2 1 LoggerNet Suite List 616 E 9 3 Software To...

Page 21: ...RE 31 Sealed Rechargeable Battery Wiring 106 FIGURE 32 Schematic of Grounds 108 FIGURE 33 Lightning Protection Scheme 109 FIGURE 34 Model of a Ground Loop with a Resistive Sensor 112 FIGURE 35 Device Configuration Utility DevConfig 114 FIGURE 36 Network Planner Setup 115 FIGURE 37 Include File Settings With DevConfig 120 FIGURE 38 Include File Settings With PakBusGraph 121 FIGURE 39 Summary of CR3...

Page 22: ...luding the effects of percent of reading and offset for a differential measurement with input reversal at a temperature between 0 to 40 C 354 FIGURE 83 Panel Temperature Error Summary 358 FIGURE 84 Panel Temperature Gradients low temperature to high 358 FIGURE 85 Panel Temperature Gradients high temperature to low 359 FIGURE 86 Input Error Calculation 361 FIGURE 87 Diagram of a Thermocouple Juncti...

Page 23: ...00 FIGURE 124 Potentiometer R3 on PS100 and CH100 Charger Regulator 523 FIGURE 125 DevConfig Terminal Tab 525 FIGURE 126 Relationships of Accuracy Precision and Resolution 564 List of Tables PC200W EZSetup Wizard Prompts 45 CR3000 Wiring Panel Terminal Definitions 1 60 CR3000 Wiring Panel Terminal Definitions 2 61 Differential and Single Ended Input Terminals 69 Pulse Input Terminals and Measureme...

Page 24: ...of PT100 294 Four Wire Half Bridge Equations for PRT Example 296 Bridge Resistor Values mΩ 296 Resistance Four Wire Full Bridge Bridge Resistance RB Values 297 PRTCalc PRTType 1 α 0 003851 301 PRTCalc PRTType 2 α 0 003921 301 PRTCalc PRTType 3 α 0 003911 302 PRTCalc PRTType 4 α 0 0039161 302 PRTCalc PRTType 5 α 0 003751 302 PRTCalc PRTType 6 α 0 0039261 303 ASCII ANSI Equivalents 304 CR3000 Serial...

Page 25: ...e Measurements Terminals and Programming 406 Example E for a 10 Hz input signal 409 Frequency Resolution Comparison 410 Switch Closures and Open Collectors on P Terminals 413 Switch Closures and Open Collectors 413 Three Specifications Differing Between P and C Terminals 415 Time Constants τ 416 Low Level Ac Pules Input Ranges 416 Current Source and Sink Limits 424 Typical Gzip File Compression Re...

Page 26: ...s and Settings CRBasic Program II 575 Info Tables and Settings Auto Self Calibration 575 Info Tables and Settings Data 575 Info Tables and Settings Data Table Information Table DTI Keywords 575 Info Tables and Settings Memory 575 Info Tables and Settings Miscellaneous 575 Info Tables and Settings Obsolete 576 Info Tables and Settings OS and Hardware Versioning 576 Info Tables and Settings Power Mo...

Page 27: ...dwire Single Connection Comms Devices 611 Hardwire Networking Devices 612 TCP IP Links List 612 Telephone Modems 612 Private Network Radios 613 Satellite Transceivers 613 Mass Storage Devices 613 CF Card Storage Module 614 Starter Software 614 Datalogger Support Software 615 LoggerNet Suite List1 2 616 Software Tools 617 Software Development Kits 617 Battery Regulator Combinations 619 Batteries 61...

Page 28: ...caling Array 189 Program Signatures 191 Use of Multiple Scans 192 Loading Large Data Sets 193 Array Assigned Expression Sum Columns and Rows 195 Array Assigned Expression Transpose an Array 195 Array Assigned Expression Comparison Boolean Evaluation 196 Array Assigned Expression Fill Array Dimension 197 Two Data Output Intervals in One Data Table 201 Using TrigVar to Trigger Data Storage 203 Bool8...

Page 29: ... Measurement 289 PT100 Resistance Basic Circuit Calibration 293 PT100 Resistance Basic Circuit Measurement 293 PT100 Resistance Basic Circuit Measurement 295 PT100 Resistance Four Wire Full Bridge Calibration 299 PT100 Resistance Four Wire Full Bridge Measurement 299 Receiving an RS 232 String 315 Measure Sensors Send RS 232 Data 320 Concatenation of Numbers and Strings 329 Subroutine with Global ...

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Page 31: ...you progressively deeper into the complexity of CR3000 functions You may not find it necessary to progress beyond the Quickstart or Overview Quickstart is a cursory view of CR3000 data acquisition and walks you through a procedure to set up a simple system Overview reviews salient topics that are covered in depth in subsequent sections and appendices Review the exhaustive table of contents to lear...

Page 32: ...body text input commands output responses GUI commands text on product labels names of data tables Italic glossary entries and titles of publications software sections tables figures and examples Bold italic CRBasic instruction parameters and arguments within the body text 8 pt blue cross reference page numbers In the PDF version of the manual click on the page number to jump to the cross referenc...

Page 33: ...ver voltage o Protect from water o Protect from ESD p 107 IMPORTANT Note the following about the internal battery o When primary power is continuously connected to the CR3000 the battery will last up to 10 years or more o When primary power is NOT connected to the CR3000 the battery will last about three years o o See section Internal Battery Details p 497 for more information IMPORTANT Maintain a...

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Page 35: ...000 inspect the packaging and contents for damage File damage claims with the shipping company Immediately check package contents Thoroughly check all packaging material for product that may be concealed Check model numbers part numbers and product descriptions against the shipping documents Model or part numbers are found on each product On cabled items the number is often found at the end of the...

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Page 37: ...s or pulse output signals Suitable sensors do this accurately and precisely p 563 Smart sensors have internal measurement and processing components and simply output a digital value in binary hexadecimal or ASCII character form The CR3000 sometimes with the assistance of various peripheral devices can measure or read nearly all electronic sensor output types Sensor types supported include Analog o...

Page 38: ...not require that every measurement be stored Instead individual measurements can be combined into statistical or computational summaries The CR3000 will store data in memory to await transfer to the PC with an external storage devices or telecommunication device 4 2 1 CR3000 Module The CR3000 module integrates measurement electronics with an integrated keyboard and multi line display 4 2 1 1 Wirin...

Page 39: ...7 The CR3000 requires a power supply Be sure that power supply components match the specifications of the device to which they are connected When connecting power first switch off the power supply make the connection then turn the power supply on The CR3000 operates with power from 10 to 16 Vdc applied at the POWER IN terminals of the green connector on the face of the wiring panel or at the power...

Page 40: ...can result Do not recharge disassemble heat above 100 C 212 F solder directly to the cell incinerate or expose contents to water Dispose of spent lithium batteries properly A lithium battery backs up the CR3000 clock program and memory 4 4 Data Retrieval and Comms Quickstart Related Topics Data Retrieval and Comms Quickstart p 40 Data Retrieval and Comms Overview p 80 Data Retrieval and Comms Deta...

Page 41: ...n the following Short Cut Program Generator for Windows SCWin PC200W Datalogger Starter Software for Windows LoggerLink Mobile Datalogger Starter software for iOS and Android A CRBasic program must be loaded into the CR3000 to enable it to make measurements read sensors and store data Use Short Cut to write simple CRBasic programs without the need to learn the CRBasic programming language Short Cu...

Page 42: ...you do not have all of these items you can provide suitable substitutes If you have questions about compatible power supplies or serial cables review and Power Supplies Details p 98 or contact Campbell Scientific CR3000 datalogger Power supply with an output between 10 to 16 Vdc Thermocouple 4 to 5 inches long one is shipped with the CR3000 Personal computer PC with an available nine pin RS 232 se...

Page 43: ...rechargeable battery base do not to leave the CR3000 running without the primary power source connected FIGURE 2 Connect Power and Comms Internal Power Supply 4 6 2 2 Connect External Power Supply With reference to FIGURE Connect Power and Serial Comms external power supply p 43 proceed as follows 1 Remove the green power connector from the CR3000 wiring panel 2 Switch power supply to OFF 3 Connec...

Page 44: ...5 When PC200W is first run the EZSetup Wizard will run automatically in a new window This will configure the software to communicate with the CR3000 datalogger The table PC200W EZSetup Wizard Prompts p 45 indicates what information to enter on each screen of the wizard Click Next at the lower portion of the window to advance Note A video tutorial is available at https www campbellsci com videos vi...

Page 45: ...ame of CR3000 COM Port Selection Select the correct PC COM port for the serial connection Typically this will be COM1 but other COM numbers are possible especially when using a USB cable Leave COM Port Communication Delay at 00 seconds Note When using USB serial cables the COM number may change if the cable is moved to a different USB port This will prevent data transfer between the software and C...

Page 46: ...l take samples once per second and store averages of the samples at one minute intervals NOTE A video tutorial is available at https www campbellsci com videos video 80 https www campbellsci com videos video 80 Other video resources are available at www campbellsci com videos 4 6 4 1 Procedure Short Cut Steps 1 to 5 1 Click on the Short Cut icon in the upper right corner of the PC200W window The i...

Page 47: ...y clicking OK you accept default options that include selection of 1 sensor and PTemp_C as the reference temperature measurement Note BattV battery voltage and PTempC wiring panel temperature are default measurements During normal operations battery and temperature can be recorded at least daily to assist in monitoring system status 7 In the left pane of the main Short Cut window click Wiring Diag...

Page 48: ...k 2 Table2 tab then click Delete Table 11 Change the name of the remaining table from Table1 to OneMin and then change the Store Every interval to 1 Minutes 12 Add measurements to the table by selecting BattV under Selected Sensors in the center pane Click Average in the center column of buttons Repeat this procedure for PTemp_C and Temp_C 4 6 4 5 Procedure Short Cut Steps 13 to 14 13 Click Finish...

Page 49: ... previous procedure to the CR3000 Collect data from the CR3000 Store the data on the PC 4 6 5 1 Procedure PC200W Step 1 1 From the PC200W Clock Program tab click on Connect upper left to connect the CR3000 to the PC As shown in the following figure when connected the Connect button changes to Disconnect CAUTION This procedure assumes there are no data already on the CR3000 If there are data that y...

Page 50: ...log box will open Browse to the C CampbellSci SCWin folder Select the MyTemperature cr3 file Click Open A status bar will appear while the program is sent to the CR3000 followed by a confirmation that the transfer was successful Click OK to close the confirmation 4 After sending a program to the CR3000 a good practice is to monitor the measurements to ensure they are reasonable Select the Monitor ...

Page 51: ...itor Data Tab Public Table 4 6 5 3 Procedure PC200W Step 5 5 To view the OneMin table select an empty cell in the display area Click Add In the Add Selection window Tables field click on OneMin then click Paste The OneMin table is now displayed ...

Page 52: ... FIGURE 10 PC200W Monitor Data Tab Public and OneMin Tables 4 6 5 4 Procedure PC200W Step 6 6 Click on the Collect Data tab and select data to be collected and the storage location on the PC FIGURE 11 PC200W Collect Data Tab ...

Page 53: ...Click on a table in the list to highlight it then click Change Table s Output File to change the name of the destination file 9 Click on Collect A progress bar will appear as data are collected followed by a Collection Complete message Click OK to continue 10 To view data click the icon at the top of the PC200W window to open the View utility FIGURE 12 PC200W View Data Utility ...

Page 54: ...t the CR3000_OneMin dat file and click Open 12 The collected data are now shown FIGURE 13 PC200W View Data Table 4 6 5 7 Procedure PC200W Steps 13 to 14 13 Click the heading of any data column To display the data in that column in a line graph click the icon 14 Close the Graph and View windows and then close the PC200W program ...

Page 55: ...any part of the system can lead to bad data or no data The concept of a data acquisition system is illustrated in figure Data Acquisition System Components p 56 Following is a list of typical system components Sensors p 37 Electronic sensors convert the state of a phenomenon to an electrical signal Datalogger p 38 The CR3000 measures electrical signals or reads serial characters It converts the me...

Page 56: ...ograms and settings The software manages the comms link and has options for data display Programmable Logic Control p 91 Some data acquisition systems require the control of external devices to facilitate a measurement or to control a device based on measurements The CR3000 is adept at programmable logic control Measurement and Control Peripherals p 86 Sometimes system requirements exceed the capa...

Page 57: ...art p 37 section of this manual and work through the tutorial When you have done that and then read the following you should have the needed framework A Campbell Scientific data acquisition system is made up of the following five basic components Sensors Datalogger which includes o Clock o Measurement and control circuitry o Memory o Hardware and firmware to communicate with comms devices o User e...

Page 58: ...instrument designed to withstand demanding environments and to use the smallest amount of power possible It has a central processing unit CPU analog and digital measurement inputs analog and digital outputs and memory An operating system firmware coordinates the functions of these parts in conjunction with the on board clock and the CRBasic application program ...

Page 59: ... more efficient pipeline mode p 549 In sequential mode each instruction is executed sequentially in the order it appears in the program In pipeline mode the CR3000 determines the order of instruction execution 5 1 1 Wiring Panel Overview In the following figure the CR3000 wiring panel is illustrated The wiring panel is the interface to most CR3000 functions so studying it is a good way to get acqu...

Page 60: ... H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L Function Analog Input Single ended Differential high low Analog period average Vibrating wire2 Analog Output Switched Precision Voltage Switched Precision Current Continuous Voltage Pulse Counting Switch closure High frequency Low level Vac Digital I O Control Status General I O TX RX Pulse width modulation Timer I O Interrupt Continuous Regulated3 5 Vdc Co...

Page 61: ... 1 Function Analog Input Single ended 28 Differential high low 14 Analog period average 28 Vibrating wire2 28 Analog Output Switched Precision Voltage 3 Switched Precision Current Continuous Voltage Pulse Counting Switch closure 12 High frequency 12 Low level Vac 4 Digital I O Control 8 Status 8 General I O TX RX 4 Pulse width modulation 3 Timer I O 8 Interrupt 8 Continuous Regulated3 5 Vdc 1 Cont...

Page 62: ...ns Other functions include device driven interrupts asynchronous communications and SDI 12 communications Table CR3000 Terminal Definitions p 60 summarizes available options Figure Control and Monitoring with C Terminals p 62 illustrates a simple application wherein a C terminal configured for digital input and another configured for control output are used to control a device turn it on or off an...

Page 63: ...to the appendix Continuous Analog Output CAO Modules List p 607 for more information Switched Current Excitation three switched current excitation terminals IX1 IX2 IX3 with return to IXR terminal These terminals are regularly used with resistive bridge measurements 5 1 1 3 Power Terminals 5 1 1 3 1 Power In Terminals The POWER IN connector is the connection point for external power supply compone...

Page 64: ...and CDM Devices Overview p 66 PakBus Overview p 82 RS 232 and TTL p 419 The CR3000 is equipped with hardware ports that allow communication with other devices and networks such as PC Smart sensors Modbus and DNP3 networks Ethernet Modems Campbell Scientific PakBus networks Other Campbell Scientific dataloggers Campbell Scientific datalogger peripherals Communication ports include CS I O RS 232 SDI...

Page 65: ...talogger support software p 90 or to connect a third party modem With a null modem adapter attached it serves as a DTE device Read More See Serial Port Pinouts p 595 Two terminal TX and RX RS 232 ports can be configured o Up to Four TTL ports configured from C terminals Note The nine pin RS 232 port is isolated RS 232 ports configured from C terminals are not isolated p 543 5 1 1 4 3 Peripheral Po...

Page 66: ...output expansion peripherals CPI ports also enable networking between compatible Campbell Scientific dataloggers Consult the manuals for CDM modules for more information Connection to CDM devices requires the SC CPI interface 5 1 1 4 7 Ethernet Port Read More See the section TCP IP Details p 468 Ethernet capability requires a peripheral Ethernet interface device as listed in Network Links List p 6...

Page 67: ...ronic sensors whether or not they are supplied by Campbell Scientific can be connected directly to the CR3000 Manuals that discuss alternative input routes such as external multiplexers peripheral measurement devices or a wireless sensor network can be found at www campbellsci com manuals This section discusses direct sensor to datalogger connections and applicable CRBasic programming to instruct ...

Page 68: ...gnals high and low For example a sensor that outputs 1000 mV on the high lead and 0 mV on the low has an overall output of 1000 mV A sensor that outputs 2000 mV on the high lead and 1000 mV on the low also has an overall output of 1000 mV Sometimes the low signal is simply sensor ground 0 mV A single ended measurement measures the high signal with reference to ground with the low signal tied to gr...

Page 69: ... Analog Sensor Wired to Single Ended Channel 1 FIGURE 20 Analog Sensor Wired to Differential Channel 1 Differential and Single Ended Input Terminals Differential DIFF Terminals Single Ended SE Terminals 1H 1 1L 2 2H 3 2L 4 3H 5 3L 6 ...

Page 70: ...e Ended Measurements Overview p 70 Single Ended Measurements Details p 385 A single ended measurement measures the difference in voltage between the terminal configured for single ended input and the reference ground While differential measurements are usually preferred a single ended measurement is often adequate in applications wherein some types of noise are not present and care is taken to avo...

Page 71: ...error will be approximately 25 C If signal conditioning circuitry such as might be found in a gas analyzer and the CR3000 use a common power supply differences in current drain and lead resistance often result in different ground potentials at the two instruments despite the use of a common ground A differential measurement should be made on the analog output from the external signal conditioner t...

Page 72: ...cers use strain gages and temperature sensors use thermistors These elements are placed in a Wheatstone bridge or related circuit With the exception of PRTs another type of variable resistor See Measurement RTD PRT PT100 PT1000 p 273 This manual does not give instruction on how to build variable resistors into a resistor bridge Sensor manufacturers consider many criteria when deciding what type of...

Page 73: ...sured by supplying a precise current and measuring the return voltage The CR3000 supplies a precise current from IX terminals Return voltage is measured on numbered SE or DIFF terminals Examples of bridge sensor wiring using current excitation are illustrated in FIGURE PT100 Resistance Basic Circuit Schematic p 291 Note When using long leads with current excitation consult Settling Error p 343 ...

Page 74: ...ects the state transition as each wave varies between voltage extremes high to low or low to high Measurements are processed and presented as counts frequency or timing data P terminals are configurable for pulse input to measure counts or frequency from the following signal types High frequency 5 Vdc square wave Switch closure Low level ac C terminals configurable for input for the following Stat...

Page 75: ...with LLAC4 p 604 module High frequency Switch closure Counts Frequency Running average of frequency Interval Period State PulseCount TimerIO 5 2 3 3 Pulse Sensor Wiring Read More See Pulse Measurement Tips p 412 An example of a pulse sensor connection is illustrated in figure Pulse Input Wiring Example Anemometer Switch p 76 Pulse sensors have two active wires one of which is ground Connect the gr...

Page 76: ...nal even when the CR3000 is between program scans In contrast period average measurement instructions only monitor the input signal during a program scan Consequently pulse count scans can usually be much less frequent than period average scans Pulse counters may be more susceptible to low frequency noise because they are always listening whereas period averaging may filter the noise by reason of ...

Page 77: ...ique but Campbell Scientific has developed static and dynamic spectral analysis techniques VSPECT p 562 that produce superior noise rejection higher resolution diagnostic data and in the case of dynamic VSPECT measurements up to 333 3 Hz SE terminals are configurable for time domain vibrating wire measurement which is a technique now superseded in most applications by VSPECT p 562 vibrating wire a...

Page 78: ... that uses one input port on the CR3000 and is powered by 12 Vdc Refer to the chart CR3000 Terminal Definitions p 60 which indicates C terminals that can be configured for SDI 12 input 5 2 6 2 RS 232 Overview The CR3000 has 6 ports available for RS 232 input as shown in figure Terminals Configurable for RS 232 Input p 78 As indicated in figure Use of RS 232 and Digital I O when Reading RS 232 Devi...

Page 79: ...sic program measurements of a linear sensor can be adjusted by modifying the programmed multiplier and offset applied to the measurement without modifying or recompiling the CRBasic program 5 2 8 Cabling Effects Overview Related Topics Cabling Effects Overview p 79 Cabling Effects Details p 421 Sensor cabling can have significant effects on sensor response and accuracy This is usually only a conce...

Page 80: ...File Formats in CR3000 Memory Routine CR3000 operations store data in binary data tables However when the TableFile instruction is used data are also stored in one of several formats in discrete text files in internal or external memory See Memory Drives On board p 445 for more information on the use of the TableFile instruction 5 3 2 Data Format on Computer CR3000 data stored on a PC with datalog...

Page 81: ...ugh a comms link with the CR3000 or by removing the card and collecting it directly using a third party adapter on a PC 5 3 4 1 Comms The CR3000 accesses data on the card as needed to fill data collection requests initiated with the datalogger support software Collect p 532 command An alternative if care is taken is to collect data in binary form Binary data are collected using the datalogger supp...

Page 82: ...sic instructions simplify transferring data between dataloggers for distributed decision making or control Data consolidation other PakBus dataloggers can be used as sensors to consolidate all data into one Campbell Scientific datalogger Routing the CR3000 can act as a router passing on messages intended for another Campbell Scientific datalogger PakBus supports automatic route detection and selec...

Page 83: ...communicates with Modbus over RS 232 with a RS 232 to RS 485 such as an MD485 adapter and TCP Modbus systems consist of a master PC RTU PLC slaves field instruments sensors and the communication network hardware The communication port baud rate data bits stop bits and parity are set in the Modbus driver of the master and or the slaves The CR3000 supports RTU and ASCII communication modes on RS 232...

Page 84: ...232 USB RS 485 short haul twisted pairs Wi Fi radio single frequency and spread spectrum land line telephone cell phone IP modem satellite ethernet internet and sneaker net external memory The most common comms hardware is an RS 232 cable or USB cable These are short distance direct connect devices that require no configuration of the CR3000 All other comms methods require peripheral devices some ...

Page 85: ...Shift PgDn To insert a space Spc or change case Cap press Shift one to two times for the position then press BkSpc To insert a character not printed on the keyboard enter Ins scroll down to Character press Enter then press to scroll to the desired character in the list that is presented then press Enter 5 3 8 3 Custom Menus Overview CRBasic programming in the CR3000 facilitates creation of custom ...

Page 86: ...M C1 SDM C2 and SDM C3 CDM Devices Campbell Distributed Modules measurement and control modules that use the high speed CAN Peripheral Interface CPI bus technology These connect through the SC CPI interface 5 5 Power Supplies Overview The CR3000 is powered by a nominal 12 Vdc source Acceptable power range is 10 to 16 Vdc CR3000s may be ordered with an integrated power supply base Power to a power ...

Page 87: ...accept and execute application programs For more complex applications some settings may need adjustment Settings can be changed with the following DevConfig Device Configuration Utility CR1000KD Keyboard Display Datalogger support software OS files are sent to the CR3000 with DevConfig or through the program Send button in datalogger support software When the OS is sent with DevConfig most setting...

Page 88: ...is supplied void of active security measures By default RS 232 Telnet FTP and HTTP services all of which give high level access to CR3000 data and CRBasic programs are enabled without password protection You may wish to secure your CR3000 from mistakes or tampering The following may be reasons to concern yourself with datalogger security Collection of sensitive data Operation of critical systems N...

Page 89: ...s protection from water is easily accomplished by placing the CR3000 in a weather tight enclosure with desiccant and by elevating the enclosure above the ground The CR3000 is shipped with internal desiccant packs to reduce humidity Desiccant in enclosures should be changed periodically Note Do not completely seal the enclosure if lead acid batteries are present hydrogen gas generated by the batter...

Page 90: ...ign is one of the safest available and uses lithium thionyl chloride technology Maximum discharge current is limited to a few mA It is protected from discharging excessive current to the internal circuits there is no direct path outside with a 100 ohm resistor The design is UL listed See http www tadiran batterie de download eng LBR06Eng pdf 5 10 Datalogger Support Software Overview Related Topics...

Page 91: ...Control Modules Overview p 430 PLC Control Modules Lists p 607 Switched Voltage Output Specifications Switched Voltage Output Overview p 62 Switched Voltage Output Details p 424 Current Source and Sink Limits p 424 The CR3000 can control instruments and devices such as the following Wireless cellular modem to conserve power GPS receiver to conserve power Trigger a water sampler to collect a sample...

Page 92: ...therwise the function returns FALSE Like TimeIntoInterval TimeIsBetween is often embedded in an If Then logic statement as shown in the following code snip If TimeIsBetween 0 10 60 Min Then SW12 1 Turn phone on Else SW12 0 Turn phone off EndIf TimeIsBetween returns TRUE for the entire interval specified whereas TimeIntoInterval returns TRUE only for the one scan that matches the interval specified...

Page 93: ...erview p 93 Memory Details p 442 Data Storage Devices List p 613 TABLE Info Tables and Settings Memory p 575 The CR3000 organizes memory as follows OS Flash o Operating system OS o Serial number and board rev o Boot code o Erased when loading new OS boot code only erased if changed Serial Flash o Device settings o Write protected o Non volatile o CPU drive Automatically allocated FAT32 file system...

Page 94: ...r data can be increased with the addition of a CF p 532 card and CF storage module connects to the Peripheral port or a mass storage device thumb drive that connects to CS I O or both See Data Storage Devices List p 613 for information on available memory expansion products By default final storage memory memory for stored data is organized as ring memory When the ring is full oldest data are over...

Page 95: ...he sensor resistance is determined from VS IX where excitation current IX is measured across a 1000 Ω 0 005 at 25 C 2 ppm C 1 TCR internal resistor 11Estimated accuracy X where X is value returned from measurement with Multiplier 1 Offset 0 BRHalf Instruction X V1 VX BRFull Instruction X 1000 x V1 VX expressed as mV V 1 Note V1 is calculated from the ratiometric measurement accuracy See manual sec...

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Page 97: ...dust tight corrosion resistant indoor and outdoor use Enclosures have back plates to which are mounted the CR3000 datalogger and associated peripherals Back plates are perforated on one inch centers with a grid of holes that are lined as needed with anchoring nylon inserts The CR3000 base has mounting holes some models may be shipped with rubber inserts in these holes through which small screws ar...

Page 98: ...power is the foundation of a reliable data acquisition system When designing a power supply consideration should be made regarding worst case power requirements and environmental extremes For example when designing a solar power system design it to operate with 14 days of reserve time at the winter solstice when the following are limiting environmental factors Sunlight intensity is the lowest Sunl...

Page 99: ...panel or at the power input receptacle on the underside of the CR3000 module which is reserved for interated power supplies The CR3000 is often provided with a power supply integrated into its base These integrated power supplies connect to the underside of the datalogger module If an integrated supply is provided the POWER IN connector will probably not be used If an integrated supply is not prov...

Page 100: ...ain power for the CR3000 is provided by an internal or external power supply Options for an internal supply include alkaline and rechargeable battery bases While the CR3000 has a wide operating temperature range battery base ranges are more limited Exceeding the specified range may degrade battery capacity and lifetime Battery leakage caused by too high temperatures can result in damage to the pow...

Page 101: ...dc lead into the green connector then insert the negative lead Re seat the green connector into the CR3000 The CR3000 is internally protected against reversed external power polarity Should this occur correct the wire connections and the CR3000 will resume operation 7 2 6 External Alkaline Power Supply If external alkaline power is used the alkaline battery pack is connected directly to the POWER ...

Page 102: ...uration wherein an external float charged sealed rechargeable battery is connected the alkaline base will lose approximately 35 of its capacity before the external supply becomes the highest voltage source and therefore the primary power source Installing New Alkaline Batteries Install new batteries with the following procedure 1 Position the power switch on the side of the base to OFF 2 Loosen th...

Page 103: ...t service improves for a given temperature FIGURE 30 Alkaline Battery Orientation 7 2 7 2 Sealed Rechargeable Battery Base A CR3000 with a rechargeable base option see the appendix Battery Bases p 619 has an integrated power supply that uses two 6 Vdc 7 Ahr sealed rechargeable lead acid batteries an ac to ac transformer 18 V RMS ac output and a temperature compensated charging circuit with a charg...

Page 104: ...r supply performance If the system voltage level consistently decreases through time an element of the charging system is degraded or has failed The Battery instruction measures the voltage internal to the CR3000 not the voltage of the battery The measured voltage will be about 0 3 Vdc less than the voltage at the internal or external 12 Vdc input due to a Schottkey diode External power sources mu...

Page 105: ...explosive level 4 However if the batteries are shorted or overcharged hydrogen gas may be generated at a rate sufficient to create a hazard Campbell Scientific makes the following recommendations A CR3000 equipped with standard sealed rechargeable batteries should NEVER be used in applications requiring INTRINSICALLY SAFE equipment A sealed rechargeable battery should not be housed in a gas tight ...

Page 106: ...ration power is supplied to the CR3000 by attaching an external 12 Vdc power source to the POWER IN connector on the lower left of the CR3000 face See Power Supplies List p 618 for that can be used with a low profile base See Power Supplies Details p 98 for instructions on connecting external power supplies to the CR3000 7 3 Grounding Details Grounding the CR3000 with its peripheral devices and se...

Page 107: ...mize damage to the datalogger and sensors by providing a low resistance path around the system to a point of low potential Campbell Scientific recommends that all dataloggers be earth chassis grounded All components of the system dataloggers sensors external power supplies mounts housings etc should be referenced to one common earth chassis ground In the field at a minimum a proper earth ground wi...

Page 108: ... lines or wires connected to instrumentation While elaborate expensive and nearly infallible lightning protection systems are on the market Campbell Scientific for many years has employed a simple and inexpensive design that protects most systems in most circumstances The system employs a lightening rod metal mast heavy gage ground wire and ground rod to direct damaging current away from the CR300...

Page 109: ...ing rod and low resistance path to earth ground is adequate protection in many installations FIGURE 33 Lightning Protection Scheme 7 3 2 Single Ended Measurement Reference Low level single ended voltage measurements 200 mV are sensitive to ground potential fluctuation due to changing return currents from 12V SW12 5V and C1 C8 terminals The CR3000 grounding scheme is designed to minimize ...

Page 110: ...he sensor and the CR3000 will result in a measurement error Differential measurements MUST be used when the input ground is known to be at a different ground potential from CR3000 ground See the section Single Ended Measurements Details p 385 for more information Ground potential differences are a common problem when measuring full bridge sensors strain gages pressure transducers etc and when meas...

Page 111: ... Rg is large the error is negligible Note that the geometry of the electrodes has a great effect on the magnitude of this error The Delmhorst gypsum block used in the Campbell Scientific 227 probe has two concentric cylindrical electrodes The center electrode is used for excitation because it is encircled by the ground electrode the path for a ground loop through the soil is greatly reduced Moistu...

Page 112: ...thium battery Adequate desiccant should be placed in the instrumentation enclosure to provide added protection 7 5 CR3000 Setup Details Related Topics CR3000 Setup Overview p 87 CR3000 Setup Details p 112 Status Settings and Data Table Information Info Tables and Settings p 567 Your new CR3000 is already configured to communicate with Campbell Scientific datalogger support software p 90 on the RS ...

Page 113: ...PC400 RTDAQ or it can be downloaded from www campbellsci com downloads It has the following basic features Extensive context sensitive help Connects directly to the CR3000 over a serial or IP connection Facilitates access to most settings status fields and info table information fields Includes a terminal emulator that facilitates access to the command prompt of the CR3000 DevConfig Help guides yo...

Page 114: ...r networks You interact with Network Planner through a drawing canvas upon which are placed PC and datalogger nodes Links representing various comms options are drawn between nodes Activities to take place between the nodes are specified Network Planner automatically specifies settings for individual devices and creates configuring XML files to download to each device through DevConfig p 113 ...

Page 115: ...ices and LoggerNet and Program devices and LoggerNet with new settings Why is Network Planner needed PakBus protocol allows complex networks to be developed Setup of individual devices is difficult Settings are distributed across a network Different device types need settings coordinated Caveats Network Planner aids in but does not replace the design process It aids development of PakBus networks ...

Page 116: ...uld be specified Verification intervals will depend on the activities between devices Beacon intervals will be assigned but will have default values Network role for example router or leaf node will be assigned based on device links Device Links and Communication Resources Disallow links that will not work Comparative desirability of links Prevent over allocation of resources Optimal RS 232 and CS...

Page 117: ...d listed in these groups is linked to the relevant description Some info tables and settings have multiple names depending on the interface used to access them The names are listed with the descriptions No single interface accesses all info tables and settings Interfaces used for access include the following Info Tables and Settings Interfaces Interface Location Settings Editor Device Configuratio...

Page 118: ...a comms link either directly or as discussed in CRBasic Program Setup Tools p 118 as part of the CRBasic program These conveniences come with the risk of inadvertently changing settings and disabling communications Such an occurrence will likely require an on site visit to correct the problem if at least one of the provisions discussed in this section is not put in place For example wireless ether...

Page 119: ...le It must be restricted to few lines of code This program controls the SW12 switched power terminal which may be helpful in assuring that the default power state of a remote modem is ON BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 0 0 If TimeIntoInterval 15 60 Sec Then SW12 1 1 If TimeIntoInterval 45 60 Sec Then SW12 1 0 NextScan EndProg 7 5 1 5 2 Include File An alternative to a subroutine is an include file An include...

Page 120: ...he program selected above 3 If there is no current file selected or if the current file cannot be compiled the datalogger will run the program given by this setting as the current program 4 If the program run by this setting cannot be run or if no program is specified the datalogger will attempt to run the program named default cr3 on its CPU drive 5 If there is no default cr3 file or if that file...

Page 121: ...c Editor name it IncludeFile cr3 and save it to the same PC folder on which resides the main program file this make pre compiling possible Including the SlowSequence instruction as the first statement is required followed by any other code 2 Send the include file to the CPU drive of the CR3000 using the File Control menu of the datalogger support software Be sure to de select the Run Now and Run O...

Page 122: ...ecutable File Run Priorities 1 When the CR3000 powers up it executes commands in the powerup ini file on Campbell Scientific mass storage device or memory card including commands to set the CRBasic program file attributes to Run Now or Run On Power up 2 When the CR3000 powers up a program file marked as Run On Power up will be the current program 3 If there is a file specified in the Include File ...

Page 123: ...aph CRBasic program Include file p 119 Default cr3 file p 119 Set the CR3000 clock DevConfig PC200W PC400 LoggerNet Save restore configuration DevConfig 1 Tools are listed in order of preference 7 5 2 1 Operating System OS Details The CR3000 is shipped with the operating system pre loaded Check the pre loaded version by connecting your PC to the CR3000 using the procedure outlined in DevConfig Hel...

Page 124: ...e datalogger support software allows the OS to be sent over all software supported comms systems o Operating systems are very large files be cautious of line charges o Updating the OS may reset CR3000 settings even settings critical to supporting the comms link Newer operating systems minimize this risk The operating system is updated with one of the following tools 7 5 2 1 1 OS Update with DevCon...

Page 125: ...accept the new OS How 1 Connect to the CR3000 with Connect or DevConfig 2 Collect data 3 Transfer a default CR1 p 119 program file to the CR3000 CPU drive 4 Stop the current program and select the option to delete associated data this will free up SRAM memory allocated for data storage 5 Collect files from the USR drive if applicable 6 Delete the USR drive if applicable 7 Send the new obj OS file ...

Page 126: ...t This method results in the CR3000 retaining its settings a feature since OS version 16 The new OS file is temporarily stored in CR3000 SRAM memory which necessitates the following Sufficient memory needs to be available Before attempting to send the OS you may need to delete other files in the CPU and USR drives and you may need to remove the USR drive altogether Since OS 25 older 2 MB CR3000s d...

Page 127: ...o if sufficient memory is not available instability may result It s probably best to clear out the memory before attempting to send the new OS file If you have defined a USR drive you will probably need to remove it as well Loading an operating system through this method will do the following 1 Preserve all CR3000 settings 2 Delete all data in final storage 3 Stop current program Stop and deletes ...

Page 128: ...File Control tab If you want to update the OS remotely If your only connection to the CR3000 is over IP If you have IP access and want to change the OS for testing purposes External memory and PowerUp ini file If you want to change the OS without a PC 7 5 2 2 Factory Defaults Installation In DevConfig clicking the Factory Defaults button at the base of the Settings Editor tab sends a command to th...

Page 129: ...9 Programming Resource Library p 181 CRBasic Editor Help Programs are created with either Short Cut p 555 or CRBasic Editor p 132 Read the instructions for the use of each in their respective Help systems 7 6 1 Program Structure Essential elements of a CRBasic program are listed in the table CRBasic Program Structure p 129 and demonstrated in CRBasic example Program Structure p 130 ...

Page 130: ...xed interval a condition or both Set the size of a data table Send data to a Campbell Scientific mass storage device or memory card if available BeginProg Begin the action part of the program Scan Set the interval for a series of measurements Measurements Make measurements Processing Process measurement and other data CallTable Call data tables to process and store data Controls Check measurements...

Page 131: ...ult 1 Const Offset 0 Declare constants Define public variables Public RefTemp Public TC 6 Define Units Units RefTemp degC Units TC DegC Declare public variables dimension array and declare units Declarations Define data tables DataTable Temp 1 2000 DataInterval 0 10 min 10 Average 1 RefTemp FP2 0 Average 6 TC FP2 0 EndTable Define data table ...

Page 132: ...ic code required to perform the tasks Short Cut creates a wiring diagram to simplify connection of sensors and external devices Quickstart p 37 works through a measurement example using Short Cut For many complex applications Short Cut is still a good place to start When as much information as possible is entered Short Cut will create a program template from which to work already formatted with mo...

Page 133: ...ll occur To correct the error simply change the variable name by adding or deleting one or more letters numbers or the underscore _ from the variable name then recompile and resend the program CRBasic Editor Help provides a list of keywords and predefined constants Common instructions instructions called commands in BASIC and operators used in most BASIC languages including program control stateme...

Page 134: ...roximation 19200 4 kB memory variables will fill available memory Use variable arrays with aliases instead of individual variables with unique names Aliases consume less memory than unique variable names Confine string concatenation to DIM variables Dimension string variables only to the size required Read More More information on string variable memory use and conservation is available in String ...

Page 135: ... B C D does not mean If A then B implied EndIf C D Rather it does mean If A then B C D implied EndIf 7 6 3 1 2 One Statement on Multiple Lines Long statements that overrun the CRBasic Editor page width can be continued on the next line if the statement break includes a space and an underscore _ The underscore must be the last character in a text line other than additional white space Note CRBasic ...

Page 136: ...are used in the Function or Sub declaration or that are declared within the body of the function or subroutine are local to that function or subroutine Variable names can be up to 39 characters in length but most variables should be no more than 35 characters long This allows for four additional characters that are added as a suffix to the variable name when it is output to a data table Variable n...

Page 137: ...oftware is incapable of efficiently handling different data types for the same field name Consequently the software mangles the field names in data file headers Data Types in Variable Memory Name Comman d Description Word Size Bytes Notes Resolution Range Float As Float or As IEEE4 IEEE floating point 4 Data type of all variables unless declared otherwise IEEE Standard 754 24 bits about 7 digits 1...

Page 138: ...ring size is 4 3 usable See CRBasic Editor Help for more information Maximum length is limited only by available CR3000 memory As a special case a string can be declared as String 1 This allows the efficient storage of a single character The string will take up 4 bytes in memory and when stored in a data table but it will hold only one character 1 CAUTION When using a very long string in a variabl...

Page 139: ... storage values outside the range 0 65535 yield unusable data INF converts to 65535 NAN converts to 0 0 to 65535 UINT4 UINT4 Unsigned integer 4 Use to store positive count data 2147483647 Other uses include storage of long ID numbers such as are read from a bar reader serial numbers or address May also be required for use in some Modbus devices 0 to 4 294 967 295 232 Boolean Boolean Signed integer...

Page 140: ...ng Operations p 327 and Serial I O p 303 Unless declared otherwise string size is 24 bytes or characters String size is allocated in multiples of four bytes for example String 25 String 26 String 27 and String 28 allocate 28 bytes 27 usable Minimum string size is 4 3 usable See CRBasic Editor Help for more information Maximum length is limited only by available CR3000 memory As a special case a st...

Page 141: ...ta Storage Example Sample 8 Switches Boolean BOOL8 Data Storage Example Sample 2 FLAGS Bool8 NSEC Data Storage Example Sample 1 CR3000Time Nsec EndTable BeginProg Program logic goes here EndProg 7 6 3 3 2 Dimensioning Numeric Variables Some applications require multi dimension arrays Array dimensions are analogous to spatial dimensions distance area and volume A single dimension array declared as ...

Page 142: ... VariableName aaa bbb ccc 2 718 NextScan EndProg 7 6 3 3 3 Dimensioning String Variables Strings can be declared to a maximum of two dimensions The third dimension is used for accessing characters within a string See String Operations p 327 String length can also be declared See table Data Types in Variable Memory p 137 A one dimension string array called StringVar with five elements in the array ...

Page 143: ... As Boolean Public FlagReport 2 As String BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 0 0 If Flag 1 True Then FlagReport 1 High Else FlagReport 1 Low EndIf If Flag 2 True Then FlagReport 2 High Else FlagReport 2 Low EndIf NextScan EndProg 7 6 3 4 Using Variable Pointers A pointer is the memory address of a variable Use a pointer as a convenient way to reference the memory location of a variable rather than referencing i...

Page 144: ...tatements Public TempC1 Public TempC2 Public TempC3 Public TempC4 can simply be condensed to Public TempC 4 This statement creates in memory the four variables TempC 1 TempC 2 TempC 3 and TempC 4 A variable array is useful in program operations that affect many variables in the same way CRBasic example Using a Variable Array in Calculations p 145 shows compact code that converts four temperatures ...

Page 145: ...ling scaling copying etc The main applications are as follows a initiating an array b scaling an array for example converting all of the FREQ HZ returned by a group of AVW200 s into digits strain level etc c creating boolean arrays based on comparisons with a scalar or another array The main drivers at the time of starting down this path were 1 multiple years of feedback from customers asking me h...

Page 146: ...cal and Global Variables Advanced programs may use subroutines p 332 or functions each of which can have a set of Dim variables dedicated to that subroutine or function These are called local variables Names of local variable can be identical to names of global variables p 541 and to names of local variables declared in other subroutines and functions This feature allows creation of a CRBasic libr...

Page 147: ...lare and use constants If declared using ConstTable EndConstTable instructions constants can be changed on the CR1000KD Keyboard Display while the program is running Configure Settings Constant Table Changes can also be made with the C command in a terminal emulator see Troubleshooting Using Terminal Mode p 523 Constants in memory are four byte signed integers or floating point numbers of up to ab...

Page 148: ...ude instruction names and valid alphanumeric names for instruction parameters On account the list of predefined constants is long and frequently increases as the operating system is developed the best course is to compile programs frequently during CRBasic program development The compiler will catch the use of any reserved words Following are listed predefined constants that are assigned a value L...

Page 149: ...ommon is the use of base 10 numbers Scientific notation binary and hexadecimal formats can also be used as shown in the table Formats for Entering Numbers in CRBasic p 149 Only standard base 10 notation is supported by Campbell Scientific hardware and software displays Formats for Entering Numbers in CRBasic Format Example Base 10 Equivalent Value Standard 6 832 6 832 Scientific notation 5 67E 8 5...

Page 150: ... binary status of flags into a LONG integer variable Public FlagInt As Long Public Flag 8 As Boolean Public I DataTable FlagOut True 1 Sample 1 FlagInt UINT2 EndTable BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 3 0 FlagInt 0 For I 1 To 8 If Flag I true Then FlagInt FlagInt 2 I 1 EndIf Next I CallTable FlagOut NextScan EndProg 7 6 3 11 Multi Statement Declarations Multi statement declarations are used to declare data tab...

Page 151: ...ata are directed to that file The trigger that initiates data storage is tripped either by the CR3000 clock or by an event such as a high temperature The maximum number of data tables is 253 prior to OS 28 the limit was 30 data tables but the maximum can vary with other programming considerations If your need for data tables approaches the maximum only testing will define your limit Data tables ma...

Page 152: ...ach line consists of one or more fields The first four lines constitute the file header Subsequent lines contain data Note Discrete data files ASCII or binary can also be written to a CR3000 memory drive using the TableFile instruction The first header line is the environment line It consists of eight fields listed in table TOA5 Environment Line p 152 TOA5 Environment Line Field Description Change...

Page 153: ...e fourth line of the header reports abbreviations of the data process used to produce the field of data See the table Data Process Abbreviations p 178 Subsequent lines are observed data and associated record keeping The first field being a time stamp and the second being the record data line number As shown in CRBasic example Declaration and Use of a Data Table p 153 data table declaration begins ...

Page 154: ...er must be a letter or underscore Note While other characters may pass the precompiler and compiler runtime errors may occur if these naming rules are not adhered to TrigVar Controls whether or not data records are written to storage Data records are written to storage if TrigVar is true and if other conditions such as DataInterval are met Default setting is 1 True TrigVar may be a variable expres...

Page 155: ...s independent of the Scan NextScan interval however it must be a multiple of the Scan NextScan interval Sometimes usually because of a timing issue program logic prevents a record from being written If a record is not written the CR3000 recognizes the omission as a lapse and increments the SkippedRecord counter in the Status table Lapses waste significant memory in the data table and may cause the...

Page 156: ...reated Record time stamps calculated at data extraction may be in error Scan Time and System Time In some applications system time see System Time p 558 rather than scan time see Scan Time p 554 is desired To get the system time the CallTable instruction must be run outside the Scan loop See Time Stamps p 335 OpenInterval Instruction By default the CR3000 uses closed intervals Data output to a dat...

Page 157: ...riable arrays PTemp_C an array of 1 and Temp_C an array of 2 are used DataType Data type for the stored average the example uses data type FP2 p 599 Read More See Declaring Data Types p 137 for more information on available data types DisableVar controls whether a measurement or value is included in an output processing function A measurement or value is not included if DisableVar is true 0 For ex...

Page 158: ... 10 Average 1 Oscillator FP2 DisableVar EndTable Main Program BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 1 0 Reset and Increment Counter If Oscillator 2 Then Oscillator 0 Oscillator Oscillator 1 Process and Control If Oscillator 1 If Flag 1 True Then DisableVar True EndIf Else DisableVar False EndIf Call Data Tables and Store Data CallTable OscAvgData NextScan EndProg Numbers of Records The exact number of records that...

Page 159: ...nature In contrast the following sequences are used only in specific applications Also see ApplyAndRestartSequence instruction Shut Down Sequences The ShutDownBegin ShutDownEnd instructions are used to define code that will execute whenever the currently running program is shutdown by prescribed means More information is available in CRBasic Editor Help Dial Sequences The DialSequence EndDialSeque...

Page 160: ...re executed in either pipeline or sequential mode When in pipeline mode tasks run more or less in parallel When in sequential mode tasks run more or less in sequence When a program is compiled the CR3000 evaluates the program and automatically determines which mode to use Using the PipelineMode or SequentialMode instruction at the beginning of the program will force the program into one mode or th...

Page 161: ...ng place at the same time the sequence in which the instructions are executed may not be in the order in which they appear in the program Therefore conditional measurements are not allowed in pipeline mode Because of the precise execution of measurement instructions processing in the current scan including update of public variables and data storage is delayed until all measurements are complete S...

Page 162: ...ement hardware until the main scan including processing is complete Other tasks such as processing from other sequences and communications can occur while the main sequence is running Once the main scan has finished other sequences have access to measurement hardware with the order of priority being the auto self calibration sequence followed by the slow sequences in the order they are declared in...

Page 163: ...Scan EndSequence EndProg SubScan NextSubScan Use when measurements or processing must run at faster frequencies than that of the main program BeginProg Scan SubScan NextSubScan NextScan EndProg 7 6 3 13 1 Scan NextScan Simple CR3000 programs are often built entirely within a single Scan NextScan structure with only variable and data table declarations outside the scan Scan NextScan creates an infi...

Page 164: ...When running in pipeline mode using a buffer allows the processing in the scan to lag behind measurements at times without affecting measurement timing Use of the CRBasic Editor default size is normal Refer SkippedScan p 512 for troubleshooting tips Count number of scans to make before proceeding to the instruction following NextScan A count of 0 means to continue looping forever or until ExitScan...

Page 165: ...ssing and communication to allow accurate timing needed within most measurement instructions A priority scheme is used in sequential mode to avoid conflicting use of measurement hardware As illustrated in figure Sequential Mode Scan Priority Flow Diagrams p 167 the main scan sequence has the highest priority Other sequences such as slow sequences and auto self calibration scans must wait to access...

Page 166: ... to the top of the queue the main scan will not start until it can acquire the semaphore it waits for the slow sequence to release the semaphore A slow sequence scan does not hold the semaphore for the whole of its scan It releases the semaphore after each use of the hardware WaitDigTrig Scans Read More See Synchronizing Measurements Details p 422 Main scans and slow sequences usually trigger at i...

Page 167: ... 6 3 14 1 Measurement and Data Storage Processing CRBasic instructions have been created for making measurements and storing data Measurement instructions set up CR3000 hardware to make measurements and store results in variables Data storage instructions process measurements into averages maxima minima standard deviation FFT etc Each instruction is a keyword followed by a series of informational ...

Page 168: ...struction to make measurement NextScan EndProg 7 6 3 14 2 Argument Types Most CRBasic commands instructions have sub commands parameters Parameters are populated by the programmer with arguments Many instructions have parameters that allow different types of arguments Common argument types are listed below Allowed argument types are specifically identified in the description of each instruction in...

Page 169: ... checking that is applied to variables constants subroutines tables and other names Constant 38 Units 38 Alias 39 Station name 64 Data table name 20 Field name 39 Field name description 64 1 Variables constants units aliases station names field names data table names and file names can share identical names that is once a name is used it is reserved only in that category See Predefined Constants p...

Page 170: ...riables or 2 if the result is to be tested for equivalence against another value See Floating Point Arithmetic p 170 for limits Two types of expressions mathematical and programming are used in CRBasic A useful property of expressions in CRBasic is that they are equivalent to and often interchangeable with their results Consider the expressions x z 1 8 32 mathematical expression If x 23 then y 5 p...

Page 171: ...tten out in CRBasic syntax much as they are in common algebraic notation For example to convert Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit the syntax is TempF TempC 1 8 32 Read More Code space can be conserved while filling an array or partial array with the same value See an example of how this is done in the CRBasic example Use of Move to Conserve Code Space p 171 CRBasic example Use of Variable Arrays t...

Page 172: ...loaded into the FLOAT Booleans are converted to 1 or 0 LONG integers greater than 24 bits 16 777 215 the size of the mantissa for a FLOAT will lose resolution when converted to FLOAT LONG from FLOAT or Boolean When converted to Long Boolean is converted to 1 or 0 When a FLOAT is converted to a LONG it is truncated This conversion is the same as the INT function Arithmetic Functions The conversion ...

Page 173: ... be As FLOAT Constants to LONGs or FLOATs This program example demonstrates conversion of constants to Long or Float data types Public L As Long Public F1 As Float Public F2 As Float Const ID 10 BeginProg F1 F2 ID L ID 5 EndProg In the just previous CRBasic example L is an integer F1 and F2 are FLOATS The numeral 5 is loaded As FLOAT to add efficiently with constant ID which was compiled As FLOAT ...

Page 174: ...r the CR3000 internally converts it to 1 The CR3000 is able to translate the conditions listed in table Binary Conditions of TRUE and FALSE p 174 to binary form 1 or 0 using the listed instructions and saving the binary form in the memory location indicated Table Logical Expression Examples p 175 explains some logical expressions Non Zero True Sometimes Any argument other than 0 or 1 will be trans...

Page 175: ...ssions TABLE Logical Expression Examples p 175 demonstrate some logical expressions IF AND OR NOT XOR IMP IIF Logical Expression Examples If X 5 then Y 0 Sets the variable Y to 0 if the expression X 5 is true i e if X is greater than or equal to 5 The CR3000 evaluates the expression X 5 and registers in system memory a 1 if the expression is true or a 0 if the expression is false If X 5 OR Z 2 the...

Page 176: ...ndProg 7 6 3 16 5 String Expressions CRBasic facilitates concatenation of string variables to variables of all data types using and operators To ensure consistent results use when concatenating strings Use when concatenating strings to other variable types CRBasic example String and Variable Concatenation p 176 demonstrates CRBasic code for concatenating strings and integers See section String Ope...

Page 177: ...ord 11 Word 9 Word 11 Word 10 Word 12 _ Word 11 Word 3 Word 14 Word 15 CallTable HAL NextScan EndProg 7 6 3 17 Programming Access to Data Tables A data table is a memory location where data records are stored Sometimes the stored data needs to be used in the CRBasic program For example a program can be written to retrieve the average temperature of the last five days for further processing CRBasic...

Page 178: ...red Data Process Abbreviations Abbreviation Process Name Tot Totalize Avg Average Max Maximum Min Minimum SMM Sample at Max or Min Std Standard Deviation MMT Moment No abbreviation Sample Hst Histogram 1 H4D Histogram4D FFT FFT Cov Covariance RFH Rainflow Histogram LCr Level Crossing WVc WindVector Med Median ETsz ET RSo Solar Radiation from ET TMx Time of Max TMn Time of Min 1 Hst is reported in ...

Page 179: ...lowing resources provide information on using signatures Signature instruction in Diagnostics RunSignature p 589 ProgSignature p 588 OSSignature p 586 Security Overview p 88 Many signatures are recorded in the Status table which is a type of data table Signatures recorded in the Status table can be copied to a variable using the programming technique described in the Programming Access to Data Tab...

Page 180: ...practice is to always retrieve data from the CR3000 before sending a program otherwise data may be lost Note See File Management p 456 and the Campbell Scientific mass storage device or memory card documentation available at www campbellsci com 7 6 4 1 Preserving Data at Program Send You can send CRBasic programs to the CR3000 in multiple ways Depending on the way you choose the CR3000 keeps or de...

Page 181: ...Reset Memory1 Datalogger Support Software First Click Next Click LoggerNet Connect Program Send PC400 Clock Program Send Program PC200W Clock Program Send Program RTDAQ Clock Program Send Program DevConfig Logger Control Send Program 1 Reset memory and set CRBasic program attributes to Run Always FIGURE 41 CRBasic Editor Program Send File Control window 7 7 Programming Resource Library This librar...

Page 182: ...cy of the event Declare Variables Public PTemp_C AirTemp_C DeltaT_C Public EventCounter Declare Event Driven Data Table DataTable Event True 1000 DataEvent 0 DeltaT_C 3 DeltaT_C 3 0 Sample 1 PTemp_C FP2 Sample 1 AirTemp_C FP2 Sample 1 DeltaT_C FP2 EndTable Declare Time Driven Data Table DataTable OneMin True 1 DataInterval 0 1 Min 10 Sample 1 EventCounter FP2 EndTable BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 1 0 Wiri...

Page 183: ...eclaration after the DataTable declaration DataTable DeltaT DeltaT_C 3 1 Sample 1 Status StationName String Sample 1 DeltaT_C FP2 Sample 1 PTemp_C FP2 Sample 1 AirTemp_C FP2 EndTable BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 1 0 Measure wiring panel temperature PanelTemp PTemp_C _60Hz Measure type T thermocouple TCDiff AirTemp_C 1 mV20C 1 TypeT PTemp_C True 0 _60Hz 1 0 Calculate the difference between air and panel te...

Page 184: ...10 30 30 seconds 30 100 60 seconds 100 300 120 seconds 300 1000 300 seconds 1000 600 seconds Declare Variables Public PTemp Public Batt_Volt Public Level Public LevelMeasureCount As Long Public ScanCounter 6 As Long Declare Data Table DataTable LogTable 1 1 Minimum 1 Batt_Volt FP2 0 False Sample 1 PTemp FP2 Sample 1 Level FP2 EndTable Declare Level Measurement Subroutine Sub MeasureLevel LevelMeas...

Page 185: ...ut interval Scan 120 mSec 0 200 There are 200 120 second scans in 10 minutes ScanCounter 4 ScanCounter 4 1 Included to show passes through this scan Battery Batt_volt PanelTemp PTemp 250 Call MeasureLevel Call Output Tables CallTable LogTable NextScan Minute 300 to 1000 of test 300 second data output interval Scan 300 mSec 0 140 There are 140 300 second scans in 700 minutes ScanCounter 5 ScanCount...

Page 186: ...l reference temperature and the first measurement is calculated the difference is then used to control the status of a program control flag Program control then transitions into device control as the status of the flag is used to determine the state of a control port that controls an LED light emitting diode Battery voltage is measured and stored just because good programming practice dictates it ...

Page 187: ...age minimum in low resolution format Sample 1 Counter Long Stores counter in integer format Sample 1 SiteName String Stores site name as a string Sample 1 HowMany FP2 Stores how many data events in low resolution format EndTable Declare an event driven data output table DataTable Event True 1000 Data table event driven DataInterval 0 5 Sec 10 AND interval driven DataEvent 0 DeltaT_C 3 DeltaT_C 3 0...

Page 188: ...igh otherwise set it low If DeltaT_C 3 Then Flag 1 high Else Flag 1 low EndIf Turn LED connected to Port 1 on when Flag 1 is high If Flag 1 high Then PortSet 1 1 alternate syntax PortSet 1 high Else PortSet 1 0 alternate syntax PortSet 1 low EndIf Count how many times the DataEvent DeltaT_C 3 has occurred The TableName EventCount syntax is used to return the number of data storage events that have...

Page 189: ...and offsets are entered at the beginning of the program and then used by several measurement instructions throughout the program Scaling Array This program example demonstrates the use of a scaling array An array of three temperatures are measured The first is expressed as degrees Celsius the second as Kelvin and the third as degrees Fahrenheit Declare viewable variables Public PTemp_C Public Temp...

Page 190: ...tures to stored data allows system administrators to track program changes and data quality The following program signatures are available text signature binary runtime signature executable code signatures 7 7 1 7 1 Text Signature The text signature is the most widely used It is calculated from all text in a program including blank lines and comments It is found in ProgSignature field of the Statu...

Page 191: ...ure initialize executable code signature function Scan 1 Sec 0 0 ProgSig Status ProgSignature Set variable to Status table entry ProgSignature RunSig Status RunSignature Set variable to Status table entry RunSignature x 24 ExeSig 1 Signature signature includes code since initial Signature instruction y 43 ExeSig 2 Signature Signature includes all code since ExeSig 1 Signature CallTable Signatures ...

Page 192: ...er1 1 CallTable DataTable1 Call DataTable1 NextScan End main scan SlowSequence Begin slow sequence Declare Public Variables for Secondary Scan can be declared at head of program Public Batt_Volt Public Counter2 Declare Data Table DataTable DataTable2 1 1 DataTable2 is event driven The event is the scan Sample 1 Batt_Volt FP2 Sample 1 Counter2 FP2 EndTable Scan 5 Sec 0 0 Begin 1st secondary scan Co...

Page 193: ...SetLong 10 As Long Dim x Write data set to CR3000 memory Data 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 Data 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 DataLong 1 2 3 4 5 DataLong 1 2 3 4 5 Declare data table DataTable DataSet_ True 1 Sample 10 DataSetFloat Float Sample 10 DataSetLong Long EndTable BeginProg Assign Float data to variable array declared As Float For x 1 To 10 Read DataSetFloat x Next x Assign Long data to variable array decla...

Page 194: ...x rules Definitions o Least significant dimension the last or right most figure in an array index For example in the array array a b b is the least significant dimension index In the array array a b c c is least significant o Negate place a negative or minus sign before the array index For example when negating the least significant dimension in array a b c the notion is array a b c An empty set o...

Page 195: ...and Rows This example sums three rows and two columns of a 3x2 array Source array image 1 23 2 34 3 45 4 56 5 67 6 78 Public Array 3 2 1 23 2 34 3 45 4 56 5 67 6 78 load values into source array Public RowSum 3 Public ColumnSum 2 BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 0 0 For each row add up the two columns RowSum Array 1 1 Array 1 2 For each column add up the three rows ColumnSum Array 1 1 Array 2 1 Array 3 1 Next...

Page 196: ...0 80 Public TempF_Alarm 3 As Boolean BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 0 0 element wise comparison of each temperature in the array to a scalar value set corresponding alarm boolean value true if temperature exceeds 20 degC TempC_Alarm TempC 20 some not all or most instructions will accept this array notation to auto index through the array round each temperature to the nearest tenth of a degree TempC_Rounded ...

Page 197: ...responding multiplier and offset copy the result into the first column of Db then set second column of Db to NAN Db 1 1 Da 1 1 DMultiplier DOffset Db 1 2 NAN NextScan EndProg 7 7 4 Data Output Calculating Running Average The AvgRun instruction calculates a running average of a measurement or calculated value A running average Dest is the average of the last N values where N is the number of values...

Page 198: ...tion The signal is attenuated by a synchronizing filter with an order of 1 simple averaging Sin πX πX where X is the ratio of the input signal frequency to the running average frequency running average frequency 1 time length of the running average Example Scan period 1 ms N value 4 number of points to average Running average duration 4 ms Running average frequency 1 running average duration 250 H...

Page 199: ...0 72π 0 72π 0 34 So the recorded amplitude was about 1 3 of the input signal amplitude A CRBasic program was written with variables Accel2 and Accel2RA The raw measurement was stored in Accel2 Accel2RA held the result of performing a running average on the Accel2 Both values were stored at a rate of 500 Hz Figure Running Average Signal Attenuation p 200 shows the two variables plotted to illustrat...

Page 200: ...Section 7 Installation 200 FIGURE 42 Running Average Frequency Response FIGURE 43 Running Average Signal Attenuation ...

Page 201: ...enthesis around the TriggerVariable AND statements DataTable TwoInt int_fast AND TimeIntoInterval 0 5 Sec OR int_slow AND _ TimeIntoInterval 0 15 sec 15000 Minimum 1 batt_volt FP2 0 False Sample 1 PTemp FP2 Maximum 1 counter 1 Long False False Minimum 1 counter 1 Long False False Maximum 1 deltaT FP2 False False Minimum 1 deltaT FP2 False False Average 1 deltaT IEEE4 false EndTable Main Program Be...

Page 202: ...r example for an average to be calculated for the hour each measurement must be added to a total over the hour This accumulation of data is not affected by TrigVar TrigVar controls only the moment when the final calculation is performed and the processed data the average are written to the data table For this summary moment to occur TrigVar and all other conditions such as DataInterval and DataEve...

Page 203: ... Counter which is equal to 0 1 2 3 or 4 when the data table is called Public Counter DataTable Test Counter 2 or Counter 3 100 Sample 1 Counter FP2 Average 1 Counter FP2 False Totalize 1 Counter FP2 False EndTable BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 0 0 Counter Counter 1 If Counter 5 Then Counter 0 EndIf CallTable Test NextScan EndProg 7 7 7 Data Output Using Data Type Bool8 Variables used exclusively to store e...

Page 204: ...mory is required for the ASCII file but CR3000 memory is conserved The compact BOOL8 data type also uses less comms band width when transmitted CRBasic example Bool8 and Bit Shift Operators p 206 programs the CR3000 to monitor the state of 32 alarms as a tutorial exercise The alarms are toggled by manually entering zero or non zero e g 0 or 1 in each public variable representing an alarm as shown ...

Page 205: ...Section 7 Installation 205 FIGURE 45 Alarms Toggled in Bit Shift Example FIGURE 46 Bool8 Data from Bit Shift Example Numeric Monitor ...

Page 206: ...Long Public FlagsBool8 4 As Long DataTable Bool8Data True 1 DataInterval 0 1 Sec 10 store bits 1 through 16 in columns 1 through 16 of data file Sample 2 FlagsBool8 1 Bool8 store bits 17 through 32 in columns 17 through 32 of data file Sample 2 FlagsBool8 3 Bool8 EndTable BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 3 0 Reset all bits each pass before setting bits selectively Flags h0 Set bits selectively Hex is used to ...

Page 207: ...00 If Alarm 20 Then Flags Flags OR h80000 b10000000000000000000 If Alarm 21 Then Flags Flags OR h100000 b100000000000000000000 If Alarm 22 Then Flags Flags OR h200000 b1000000000000000000000 If Alarm 23 Then Flags Flags OR h400000 b10000000000000000000000 If Alarm 24 Then Flags Flags OR h800000 b100000000000000000000000 If Alarm 25 Then Flags Flags OR h1000000 b1000000000000000000000000 If Alarm 2...

Page 208: ...e stored using the RealTime instruction Accessing and storing a time stamp from another datalogger in a PakBus network 7 7 8 1 NSEC Options NSEC is used in a CRBasic program one of the following ways In all cases the time variable is only sampled with a Sample instruction Reps 1 1 Time variable is declared As Long Sample instruction assumes the time variable holds seconds since 1990 and microsecon...

Page 209: ...ec 0 0 TimeVar FirstTable TimeStamp CallTable FirstTable CallTable SecondTable NextScan EndProg NSEC Two Element Time Array This program example demonstrates how to determine seconds since 00 00 00 1 January 1990 and microseconds into the last second This is done by retrieving variable TimeStamp into variables TimeOfMaxVar 1 and TimeOfMaxVar 2 Because the variable TimeOfMaxVar is dimensioned to 2 ...

Page 210: ...Time 9 as year month day hour minutes seconds and microseconds using the RealTime instruction The first seven time values are copied to variable rTime2 1 through rTime2 7 Because the variables are dimensioned to 7 or greater NSEC assumes the first seven time factors in the arrays are year month day hour minutes seconds and microseconds Declarations Public rTime 9 As Long or Float Public rTime2 7 A...

Page 211: ... true 1 Sample 1 TimeLong Nsec EndTable Program BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 0 0 1 Read Public TimeStamp into a LONG numeric variable Note that TimeStamp is a system variable so it is not declared TimeLong Public TimeStamp 1 1 UTC_Offset 2 Store it into a type NSEC datum in final data memory CallTable TimeTable 3 sample time to three string forms using the TableName FieldName notation Form 1 mm dd yyyy hr...

Page 212: ...ific s wind speed weighted algorithm Use of the resultant mean horizontal wind direction is not recommended for straight line Gaussian dispersion models but may be used to model transport direction in a variable trajectory model 3 WVc 1 Unit vector mean wind direction Θ1 4 WVc 1 Unit vector mean wind direction Θ1 WVc 2 Standard deviation of wind direction σ Θu This standard deviation is calculated...

Page 213: ...ite Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications Standard deviation of horizontal wind fluctuations from sub intervals is calculated as follows where is the standard deviation over the data storage interval and are sub interval standard deviations A sub interval is specified as a number of scans The number of scans for a sub interval is given by Desired sub interval secs sc...

Page 214: ...direction or by Uei and Uni the east and north components of the sample vector At the end of data storage interval T the sum of the sample vectors is described by a vector of magnitude U and direction Θu If the input sample interval is t the number of samples in data storage interval T is N T t The mean vector magnitude is Ū U N Scalar mean horizontal wind speed S where in the case of orthogonal s...

Page 215: ...se of orthogonal sensors where Standard deviation of wind direction Yamartino algorithm where and Ux and Uy are as defined above Mean Wind Vector Resultant mean horizontal wind speed Ū FIGURE 49 Mean Wind Vector Graph where for polar sensors ...

Page 216: ...as shown in the figure Standard Deviation of Direction p 216 that where FIGURE 50 Standard Deviation of Direction FIGURE 51 Standard Deviation of Direction The Taylor Series for the Cosine function truncated after 2 terms is For deviations less than 40 degrees the error in this approximation is less than 1 At deviations of 60 degrees the error is 10 The speed sample can be expressed as the deviati...

Page 217: ...wind data by Campbell Scientific the Air Resources Laboratory NOAA Idaho Falls ID and MERDI Butte MT In these tests the maximum differences in and have never been greater than a few degrees The final form is arrived at by converting from radians to degrees 57 296 degrees radian 7 7 10 Data Output Writing High Frequency Data to Memory Cards Related Topics Memory Card CRD Drive Overview p 81 Memory ...

Page 218: ...h parameter Note The CRD drive the drive designation for the optional memory card is the only drive that is allowed for use with Option 64 Note Memory cards add a measure of security in guarding against data loss However no system is infallible Finding a functioning memory card in the mud after a moose has trampled your weather station or a tractor has run an offset disk over your soil moisture st...

Page 219: ...rocessing instructions go here EndTable For example in micrometeorological applications TableFile with Option 64 is used to create a new high frequency data file once per day The size of the file created is a function of the datalogger scan frequency and the number of variables saved to the data table For a typical eddy covariance station this daily file is about 50 MB large 10 Hz scan frequency a...

Page 220: ... to the data storage process Note Pre allocation of memory card files significantly increases run time write performance It also reduces the risk of file corruption that can occur as a result of power loss or incorrect card removal Note To avoid data corruption and loss memory card removal must always be initiated by pressing the Initiate Removal button on the face of the NL115 or CFM100 modules T...

Page 221: ...hen the card is formatted If you have the CR3000 update the card sector the first CR3000 program compile with the card can take as long as 30 minutes After that compile times will be normal Q Which memory card should I use A Campbell Scientific recommends and supports only the use of FMJ brand CF cards These cards are industrial grade and have passed Campbell Scientific hardware testing Following ...

Page 222: ...fore the data table in datalogger CPU memory rings2 or data will be overwritten and lost For example consider an application wherein the data table in datalogger CPU memory has a capacity for about 45 minutes of data3 The exchange must take place anytime before the 45 minutes expire If the exchange is delayed by an additional 5 minutes 5 minutes of data at the beginning of the last 45 minute inter...

Page 223: ...em variable Follows immediately after MenuItem If variable is declared As Boolean MenuPick allows only True or False or declared equivalents Otherwise many items are allowed in the pick list Order of items in list is determined by order of instruction however item displayed initially in MenuItem is determined by the value of the item SubMenu EndSubMenu Defines the beginning and end of a second lev...

Page 224: ...stom Menu Example Control Sub Menu p 226 Custom Menu Example Control LED Pick List p 226 Custom Menu Example Control LED Boolean Pick List p 226 FIGURE 52 Custom Menu Example Home Screen FIGURE 53 Custom Menu Example View Data Window FIGURE 54 Custom Menu Example Make Notes Sub Menu ...

Page 225: ...Section 7 Installation 225 FIGURE 55 Custom Menu Example Predefined Notes Pick List FIGURE 56 Custom Menu Example Free Entry Notes Window FIGURE 57 Custom Menu Example Accept Clear Notes Window ...

Page 226: ...FIGURE 59 Custom Menu Example Control LED Pick List FIGURE 60 Custom Menu Example Control LED Boolean Pick List Note See figures Custom Menu Example Home Screen p 224 through Custom Menu Example Control LED Boolean Pick List p 226 in reference to the following CRBasic example ...

Page 227: ... Boolean LED Control Variable Define Note DataTable Set up Notes data table written DataTable Notes 1 1 to when a note is accepted Sample 1 SelectNote String Sample Pick List Note Sample 1 EnterNote String Sample Free Entry Note EndTable Define temperature DataTable Set up temperature data table DataTable TempC 1 1 Written to every 60 seconds with DataInterval 0 60 Sec 10 Sample 1 RefTemp FP2 Samp...

Page 228: ...Table Notes Write data to Notes data table CycleNotes Accepted Write Accepted after written Delay 1 500 mSec Pause so user can read Accepted SelectNote Clear pick list note EnterNote Clear free entry note CycleNotes Write as a null prompt EndIf If CycleNotes Clear Then Clear notes when requested SelectNote Clear pick list note EnterNote Clear free entry note CycleNotes Write as a null prompt EndIf...

Page 229: ...undation for how field calibration works but use of the calibration wizard for routine work is recommended More detail is available in CRBasic Editor Help 7 7 12 1 Field Calibration CAL Files Calibration data are stored automatically usually on the CR3000 CPU drive in CAL cal files These data become the source for calibration factors when requested by the LoadFieldCal instruction A file is created...

Page 230: ...ibration has succeeded See CRBasic Editor Help for operational details on CRBasic instructions 7 7 12 3 Field Calibration Wizard Overview The LoggerNet and RTDAQ field calibration wizards step you through the procedure by performing the mode variable changes and measurements automatically You set the sensor to known values and input those values into the wizard When a program with FieldCal or Fiel...

Page 231: ... Offset Zero operation applies an offset of equal magnitude but opposite sign For example when performing a zeroing operation on a measurement of 15 3 the value 15 3 will be added to subsequent measurements Offset operation applies an offset of equal magnitude and same sign For example when performing an offset operation on a measurement of 15 3 the value 15 3 will be added to subsequent measureme...

Page 232: ... 1 to start first part of calibration a Mode 2 automatic during the first point calibration b Mode 3 automatic when the first point is completed 6 Place sensor into second known point condition 7 Set KnownVar variable to second known point 8 Set Mode 4 to start second part of calibration a Mode 5 automatic during second point calibration b Mode 6 automatic when calibration is complete 7 7 12 4 3 Z...

Page 233: ...measurements have the same offset subtracted Option 0 does not affect the multiplier argument Example Case A sensor measures the relative humidity RH of air Multiplier is known to be stable but sensor offset drifts and requires regular zeroing in a desiccated chamber The following procedure zeros the RH sensor to obtain the calibration report shown To step through the example use the CR1000KD Keyb...

Page 234: ...tion with the following procedure Simulate a signal from a relative humidity sensor Measure the sensor signal Calculate and apply a zero calibration You can set up the simulation by loading this program into the CR3000 and interconnecting the following terminals with a jumper wire to simulate the relative humidity sensor signal as follows Vx1 SE1 For the simulation the initial sensor signal is set...

Page 235: ...etVar Mode KnownVar Index Avg FieldCal 0 RH 1 0 RHOffset CalMode KnownRH 1 30 If there was a calibration store calibration values into data table CalHist CallTable CalHist NextScan EndProg 7 7 12 5 2 FieldCal Offset Opt 1 Example Most CRBasic measurement instructions have a multiplier and offset parameter FieldCal Option 1 adjusts the offset argument such that the output of the sensor being calibr...

Page 236: ...e placed in a 30 mg l standard solution place a jumper wire between terminals VX1 and SE1 The following variables are preset by the program SimulatedSalinitySignal 1350 KnownSalinity 30 3 To start a simulated calibration set variable CalMode 1 When CalMode increments to 6 offset calibration is complete The calibrated offset will equal 37 48 mg l 4 To continue this example and simulate an offset dr...

Page 237: ... by setting variable CalMode 1 When CalMode 6 will occur automatically after 10 measurements the routine is complete Note the new value in variable SalinityOffset Now enter the following millivolt value as the simulated sensor signal and note how the new offset is added to the measurement SimulatedSalinitySignal 1345 NOTE This program places a cal file on the CPU drive of the CR3000 The cal file m...

Page 238: ...tially entered in the FieldCal KnownVar parameter Subsequent measurements are scaled with the same multiplier and offset Example Case A meter measures the volume of water flowing through a pipe Multiplier and offset are known to drift so a two point calibration is required periodically at known flow rates The following procedure adjusts multiplier and offset to correct for meter drift as shown in ...

Page 239: ...s program example demonstrates the use of FieldCal in calculating and applying a multiplier and offset calibration A multiplier and offset calibration compares signal magnitudes of a sensor to known standards The calculated multiplier and offset scale the reported magnitude of the sensor to a value consistent with the linear relationship that intersects known points sequentially entered in to the ...

Page 240: ...TS DataTable CalHist NewFieldCal 200 SampleFieldCal EndTable BeginProg LOAD CALIBRATION CONSTANTS FROM FILE CPU CALHIST CAL Effective after the zero calibration procedure when variable CalMode 6 LoadFieldCal true Scan 100 mSec 0 0 SIMULATE SIGNAL THEN MAKE THE MEASUREMENT Multiplier calibration is applied when variable CalMode 6 ExciteV Vx1 SimulatedFlowSignal 0 VoltSE Flow 1 mV5000 1 1 0 250 Flow...

Page 241: ...r Water Content Sensor CRBasic Variable At Deployment SimulatedWaterContentSignal 175 mV KnownWC 10 SimulatedWaterContentSignal 700 mV KnownWC 35 WCMultiplier 0 0476 mV The following procedure sets the sensitivity of a simulated soil water content sensor 1 Send CRBasic example FieldCal Multiplier p 241 to the CR3000 2 To simulate the soil water sensor signal place a jumper wire between terminals V...

Page 242: ...6 occurs automatically after 10 measurements the routine is complete Note the new value in variable WCMultiplier Now enter a new value in the simulated sensor signal as follows and note how the new multiplier scales the measurement SimulatedWaterContentSignal 350 NOTE This program places a cal file on the CPU drive of the CR3000 The cal file must be erased to reset the demonstration DECLARE SIMULA...

Page 243: ...itates shunt calibration of strain gage systems and is designed exclusively for strain applications wherein microstrain is the unit of measure The FieldCal instruction see Field Calibration Examples p 232 is typically used in non microstrain applications Shunt calibration of strain gage systems is common practice However the technique provides many opportunities for misapplication and misinterpret...

Page 244: ...delete cal files and then send the demonstration program again to the CR3000 Example Case A 1000 Ω strain gage is placed into a resistive bridge at position R1 The resulting circuit is a quarter bridge strain gage with alternate shunt resistor Rc positions shown Gage specifications indicate that the gage factor is 2 0 and that with a 249 kΩ shunt measurement should be about 2000 microstrain Send C...

Page 245: ...at are arguments in the Zero Function Public Zero_Mode Public Zero_mVperV Variables that are arguments in the Shunt Function Public Shunt_Mode Public KnownRes Public GF_Adj Public GF_Raw Tables DataTable CalHist NewFieldCal 50 SampleFieldCal EndTable PROGRAM BeginProg Set Gage Factors GF_Raw 2 1 GF_Adj GF_Raw The adj Gage factors are used in the calculation of uStrain If a calibration has been don...

Page 246: ...en set Shunt_Mode 4 FieldCalStrain 13 MicroStrain 1 GF_Adj 0 Shunt_Mode KnownRes 1 10 GF_Raw 0 CallTable CalHist NextScan EndProg 7 7 12 6 3 FieldCalStrain Quarter Bridge Shunt Example With CRBasic example FieldCalStrain Calibration p 245 sent to the CR3000 and the strain gage stable use the CR1000KD Keyboard Display or software numeric monitor to change the value in variable KnownRes to the nomin...

Page 247: ...49 kΩ resistor in place to simulate a strain Using the CR1000KD Keyboard Display or software numeric monitor change the value in variable Zero_Mode to 1 to start the zero calibration as shown in figure Zero Procedure Start p 247 When Zero_Mode increments to 6 zero calibration is complete as shown in figure Zero Procedure Finish p 247 FIGURE 64 Zero Procedure Start FIGURE 65 Zero Procedure Finish ...

Page 248: ...al of signal integration time is larger than 15000 and when SettlingTime is less than 500 µs While programming the CR3000 for fast measurements you must balance the need for data integrity with the need for speed Maximum Measurement Speeds Using VoltSE VoltSE Measurement Type Maximum Speed on n Channels Fast Scan 100 Hz n 16 Cluster Burst1 2 1000 Hz n 1 500 Hz n 2 Dwell Burst1 3 1735 samples 2000 ...

Page 249: ...ents of one single ended channel The following programming features are key to making this application work PipelineMode enabled Measurement speed set with Scan Interval 10 and Units mSec Scan BufferOption increased to 5 PipeLineMode Public FastContinuousSE 1 DataTable FastContinuousSEData 1 1 Sample 1 FastContinuousSE FP2 EndTable BeginProg Scan Interval Units BufferOption Count Scan 10 mSec 5 0 ...

Page 250: ...ed set as follows Scan Interval 1 Units Sec SubScan SubInterval 2 Units mSec and Count 500 Scan BufferOption increased to 5 PipeLineMode Public ClusterBurstSE 2 DataTable ClusterBurstSEData 1 1 Sample 2 ClusterBurstSE FP2 EndTable BeginProg Scan Interval Units BufferOption Count Scan 1 Sec 5 0 SubScan SubInterval Units Count SubScan 2 mSec 500 VoltSE Dest Reps Range SEChan MeasOff SettlingTime Int...

Page 251: ...of the Scan interval All measurements for one channel are placed in a single large variable array The large array is stored in a single long record in the data table The exact sampling interval is calculated as follows SampleTime 1 085069 INT SampleInterval 1 085069 0 5 PipeLineMode Public DwellBurstSE1 1735 Public DwellBurstSE2 1735 DataTable DwellBurstSEData 1 1 Sample 1735 DwellBurstSE1 FP2 Sam...

Page 252: ...No change from standard measurement mode For fastest rate set to False Measurements per Excitation Must equal the value entered in Repetitions Reverse Ex No change from standard measurement mode For fastest rate set to False Rev Diff No change from standard measurement mode For fastest rate set to False SampleInterval was SettlingTime Sample interval in µs This argument determines the measurement ...

Page 253: ...tScan Interval consider the following two points o Status table MeasureTime p 585 field reports the measurement time that occupies the Scan NextScan Interval MeasureTime includes time needed to make measurements inside and outside SubScan NextSubScan o NextScan needs 100 µs to run One Scan NextScan buffer holds the raw measurements made in one main scan inside and outside the sub scan For example ...

Page 254: ...y This program example demonstrates how to perform an excite delay measure operation In this example the system requires 1 s of excitation to stabilize before the sensors are measured A single ended measurement is made and a separate differential measurement is made To see this program in action connect the following terminal pairs to simulate sensor connections Vx1 SE1 Vx2 DIFF 2 H DIFF 2 L Groun...

Page 255: ...www campbellsci com The CR3000 supports SDI 12 communication through two modes transparent mode and programmed mode Transparent mode facilitates sensor setup and troubleshooting It allows commands to be manually issued and the full sensor response viewed Transparent mode does not record data Programmed mode automates much of the SDI 12 protocol and provides for data recording 7 7 15 1 SDI 12 Trans...

Page 256: ...for terminal C1 An Entering SDI12 Terminal response indicates that SDI 12 transparent mode is active and ready to transmit SDI 12 commands and display responses FIGURE 66 Entering SDI 12 Transparent Mode 7 7 15 1 1 SDI 12 Transparent Mode Commands Commands have three components Sensor address a a single character and is the first character of the command Sensors are usually assigned a default addr...

Page 257: ...addresses Start Concurrent Measurement aC atttnn CR LF Additional Concurrent Measurements aC1 aC9 atttnn CR LF Additional Concurrent Measurements and Request CRC aCC1 aCC9 atttnn CR LF Send Data aD0 aD9 a values CR LF or a values CRC CR LF Send Identification aI allccccccccmmmmmmvvvxxx xx CR LF For example 013CampbellCS1234003STD 03 01 means address 0 SDI 12 protocol version number 1 3 manufacture...

Page 258: ...n commands request metadata about the sensor Connect only a single probe when using these commands Requests the sensor address Response is address a Syntax aAb Changes the sensor address a is the current address and b is the new address Response is the new address Syntax aAb aI Requests the sensor identification Response is defined by the sensor manufacturer but usually includes the sensor address...

Page 259: ...stic of the sensor internal battery Syntax aMv As an example the response from the command 5M is 500410 where 5 reports the sensor SDI 12 address 004 indicates the data will be available in 4 seconds 10 indicates that 10 values will be available The command 5M7 elicites a similar response but the appendage 7 instructs the sensor to return the voltage of the internal battery aC Start concurrent mea...

Page 260: ...erein v increments with each iteration aDv Request data from the sensor Example Syntax aD0 SDI 12 Continuous Measurement Command aR0 to aR9 Sensors that are continuously monitoring such as a shaft encoder do not require an M command They can be read directly with the Continuous Measurement Command R0 to R9 For example if the sensor is operating in a continuous measurement mode then aR0 will return...

Page 261: ...ent and get data with the operator providing the proper time delay between the request for measurement and the request for data In programmed mode the CR3000 provides command and timing services within a single line of code For example when the SDI12Recorder instruction is programmed with the M command note that the SDI 12 address is a separate instruction parameter the CR3000 issues the aM and aD...

Page 262: ...ncurrent Measurement Command Cv p 263 Sensor responds to aDv command s with data if any If no data loads NAN into variable CR3000 moves to next CRBasic instruction does not re issue aCv command Send Identification I CR3000 issues aI command Start Measurement M Mv MCv CR3000 issues aMv command Sensor responds with atttnn CR3000 If nnn 0 then NAN put in the first element of the array CR3000 waits un...

Page 263: ...ent command to each sensor as shown in the following CRBasic example Public BatteryVolt Public Temp1 Temp2 Temp3 Temp4 BeginProg Scan 5 Sec 0 0 Non SDI 12 measurements here SDI12Recorder Temp1 1 0 M 1 0 0 SDI12Recorder Temp2 1 1 M 1 0 0 SDI12Recorder Temp3 1 2 M 1 0 0 SDI12Recorder Temp4 1 3 M 1 0 0 NextScan EndProg However the code sequence has three problems 1 It does not allow measurement of no...

Page 264: ...y the CR3000 This application has a very tight power budget Since the C command reissues a measurement request immediately after receiving data the sensors will be in a high power state continuously To remedy this problem measurements need to be started with C command but stopped short of receiving the next measurement command hard coded part of the C routine after their data are polled The SDI12R...

Page 265: ...blic Temp 4 DataTable Temp True 0 DataInterval 0 5 Min 10 Sample 4 Temp FP2 EndTable BeginProg Scan 5 Sec 0 0 PanelTemp Temp 1 250 Measure CR3000 wiring panel temperature to use as base for simulated temperatures Temp 2 Temp 3 and Temp 4 Temp 2 Temp 1 5 Temp 3 Temp 1 10 Temp 4 Temp 1 15 CallTable Temp NextScan SlowSequence Do Note SDI12SensorSetup SDI12SensorResponse must be renewed after each suc...

Page 266: ...an occur in an application that has a tight power budget To make full use of the aC command measurement control logic is used Declare variables Dim X Public RunSDI12 Public Cmd 4 Public Temp_Tmp 4 Public Retry 4 Public IndDone 4 Public Temp_Meas 4 Public GroupDone Main Program BeginProg Preset first measurement command to C For X 1 To 4 cmd X C Next X Set five second scan rate Scan 5 Sec 0 0 Other...

Page 267: ...10 cmd X C Start next measurement with C IndDone X 1 EndIf Next X Summarize Measurement Event Success For X 1 To 4 GroupDone GroupDone IndDone X Next X Stop current measurement event reset controls If GroupDone 4 Then RunSDI12 False GroupDone 0 For X 1 To 4 IndDone X 0 Retry X 0 Next X Else GroupDone 0 EndIf EndIf End of measurement sequence NextScan EndProg 7 7 15 2 2 SDI 12 Extended Command Supp...

Page 268: ...shooting tool is the terminal mode snoop utility which allows monitoring of SDI 12 traffic Enter terminal mode as described in SDI 12 Transparent Mode p 255 issue CRLF Enter key until CR3000 prompt appears Type W and then Enter Type 9 in answer to Select 100 in answer to Enter timeout secs Y to ASCII Y SDI 12 communications are then opened for viewing The SDI12SensorSetup SDI12SensorResponse instr...

Page 269: ...the use of the SDI12SensorSetup SDI12SensorResponse instruction pair to program the CR3000 to emulate an SDI 12 sensor A common use of this feature is the transfer of data from the CR3000 to SDI 12 compatible instruments including other Campbell Scientific dataloggers over a single wire interface SDI 12 port to SDI 12 port The recording datalogger simply requests the data using the aD0 command Pub...

Page 270: ...nsiderations When a command is sent by the CR3000 to an SDI 12 probe all probes on the same SDI 12 port will wake up However only the probe addressed by the datalogger will respond All other probes will remain active until the timeout period expires Example Probe Water Content Power Usage Quiescent 0 25 mA Measurement 120 mA Measurement time 15 s Active 66 mA Timeout 15 s Probes 1 2 3 and 4 are co...

Page 271: ... extensions for specific loggers it makes possible the writing of a single file of code to run on multiple models of CRBasic dataloggers When a CRBasic user program is sent to the CR3000 an exact copy of the program is saved as a file on the CPU drive p 443 A binary version of the program the operating program is created by the CR3000 compiler and written to Operating Memory p 444 http www This is...

Page 272: ... to be sent to the CR3000 which may help keep costs down over very expensive comms links CRBasic example Conditional Code p 272 shows a sample program that demonstrates use of conditional compilation features in CRBasic Within the program are examples showing the use of the predefined LoggerType constant and associated predefined datalogger constants 6 800 1000 and 3000 Conditional Code This progr...

Page 273: ...the datalogger type the program is running in If LoggerType 3000 This instruction is used if the datalogger is a CR3000 VoltSe ValueRead 1 mV1000 22 0 0 _50Hz 0 1 30 ElseIf LoggerType 1000 This instruction is used if the datalogger is a CR1000 VoltSe ValueRead 1 mV2500 12 0 0 _50Hz 0 1 30 ElseIf LoggerType 800 This instruction is used if the datalogger is a CR800 Series VoltSe ValueRead 1 mV2500 3...

Page 274: ... Dusen Coefficients p 300 There are many ways to measure a PRT with a CR3000 datalogger When using Vx terminals the most direct route is to measure a four wire PRT in a three wire half bridge When using IX terminals the most direct route is to connect a four wire PRT directly to the CR3000 Other ways to measure a PRT are listed in TABLE PRT Measurement Circuit Overview p 274 Better excitation accu...

Page 275: ...lances at the temperature range midpoint Current excitation Basic four wire circuit Minimizes errors due to voltage drop with long leads Uses off the shelf PRTs More tolerant of lower grade wiring Two input terminals per sensor Simplest to use Full bridge circuit Minimizes errors due to voltage drop over long leads More tolerant of lower grade wiring Two input terminals per sensor Best overall 7 7...

Page 276: ...e 0 C PT100 Temperature and ideal resistances RS α 0 003851 RS 40 RS0 RS10 RS60 C 40 0 10 60 mΩ 84270 100000 103900 123240 1 Commonly available tables provide these resistance values Callandar Van Dusen Coefficients for PT100 α 0 00385 Constants Coefficient a 3 9083000E 03 d 2 3100000E 06 e 1 7584810E 05 f 1 1550000E 06 g 1 7909000E 00 h 2 9236300E 00 i 9 1455000E 00 j 2 5581900E 02 Input Ranges m...

Page 277: ...0 mV 2500 mV 5000 mV 2 000 mA n a 2 500 mA 7 7 17 3 Example 100 Ω PRT in Four Wire Half Bridge with Voltage Excitation PT100 BrHalf4W FIGURE 67 PT100 BrHalf4W Four Wire Half Bridge Schematic Procedure Data BrHalf4W Four Wire Half Bridge Equations X RS Rf RS Rf X VX VS Rf RS R1 RS Bridge Resistor Values mΩ R1 Rf 10000000 100000 ...

Page 278: ...e equation reduces the absolute result by 1 to allow for resistor inaccuracy VXmax VSmax Rf RSmax R1 RSmax 0 99 where VSmax 50 mV maximum voltage in the 50 mV input range Rf 100000 mΩ 100 Ω R1 10000000 mΩ 10 kΩ RSmax 123240 mΩ PT100 at 60 C 3 so VXmax 4160 mV 4 Calibrate the PT100 If the PRT accuracy specification is good enough and you trust it assume RS0 100000 mΩ Otherwise do the following proc...

Page 279: ...39 d Calculate RS10 RS10 X10 Rf 103900 6 Calculate RS10 RS0 K and temperature a RS10 RS0 1 039 b K RS10 RS0 1 0 039 c T g K 4 h K 3 i K 2 j K 9 99 C d T SQRT d RS10 RS0 e a f 9 99 C 1 A Campbell Scientific terminal input module TIM can be used to complete the resistive bridge circuit Refer to the appendix Passive Signal Conditioners List p 605 2 The magnitude of the excitation voltage does not mat...

Page 280: ...0 BrHalf4W Four Wire Half Bridge Measurement This program example demonstrates the measurement of a 100 ohm PRT in a four wire half bridge using current excitation See previous procedure and schematic Declare constants and variables Const Rf 100000 Value of bridge resistor Const RS0 100000 Resistance of PT100 at 0 C from calibration program Public X Raw output from the bridge Public RS Calculated ...

Page 281: ...ects of signal noise Why use a bridge resistor near value of PT100 By using a bridge resistor Rf that is close in value to that of the PT100 RS the differential measurement of V2 voltage drop across PRT can be made on the same range as the differential measurement of V1 voltage drop across Rf Using the same range eliminates range translation errors that can arise from variances in the 0 01 range t...

Page 282: ...n voltage VX for the measurement range of 40 to 60 C The equation reduces the absolute result by 1 to allow for resistor inaccuracy VXmax VSmax RSmax Rf RSmax 0 99 where VSmax 50 mV maximum voltage in the 50 input range Rf 10000000 mΩ RSmax 123240 mΩ PT00 at 60 C 2 so VXmax 1626420334066 mV 4 Calibrate the PT100 If the PRT accuracy specification is good enough and you trust it assume RS0 100000 mΩ...

Page 283: ... into the CR3000 It is already programmed with the excitation voltage from step 3 and RS0 from step 4 b Place PT100 in medium to measure c Measure with BrHalf3W If you are doing a dry run assume the result of BrHalf3W X0 0 01039 d Calculate RS10 RS10 X10 Rf 103900 6 Calculate RS10 RS0 K and temperature a RS10 RS0 1 039 b K RS10 RS0 1 0 039 c T g K 4 h K 3 i K 2 j K 9 99 C d T SQRT d RS10 RS0 e a f...

Page 284: ... BrHalf3W Three Wire Half Bridge Measurement This program example demonstrates the measurement of a 100 ohm PRT PT100 in a three wire half bridge with voltage excitation See adjacent procedure and schematic Declare constants and variables Const Rf 10000000 Value of bridge resistor Const RS0 100000 Resistance of PT100 at 0 C from calibration program Public X Raw output from the bridge Public RS Cal...

Page 285: ...t 40 C RS is 115 71 Ω At 40 C because of the error from wire b the measured ratio RS RS0 is 1 1551 while the ratio without the error would be 115 54 100 1 1554 As a result the temperature computed by PRTCalc from the ratio with the error is about 0 43 C higher than the temperature measured without the error from wire b This source of error does not exist in a four wire half bridge configuration 7 ...

Page 286: ...2 Wire circuit to datalogger Use FIGURE PT100 BrFull Four Wire Full Bridge Schematic p 285 as the wiring diagram 3 Calculate excitation voltage Use the following equation to calculate the best excitation voltage VX for the measurement range 40 to 60 C The equation reduces the absolute result by 1 to allow for resistor inaccuracy VXmax VSmax RSmax RSmax R4 R2 R1 R2 0 99 where VSmax 50 mV maximum vo...

Page 287: ...ngTime Integ Mult Offset BrFull X1 1 mV50 1 Vx1 1 5000 True True 0 250 1 0 Calculate X2 X2 X1 1000 R2 R1 R2 Calculate RS0 RS0 R4 X2 1 X2 NextScan EndProg into the CR3000 It is already programmed with the excitation voltage from step 3 b Place the PRT in an ice bath 0 C c Measure the PRT If you are doing a dry run assume the result of BrFull X0 0 d Calculate RS0 X20 X0 1000 R2 R1 R2 0 01961 RS0 R4 ...

Page 288: ...grams and Notes PT100 BrFull Four Wire Full Bridge Calibration This program example demonstrates the calibration of a 100 ohm PRT PT100 in a four wire full bridge with voltage excitation See previous procedure and schematic Declare constants and variables Const R1 5000000 Value of R1 bridge resistor Const R2 120000 Value of R2 bridge resistor Const R4 5000000 Value of R4 bridge resistor Public X1 ...

Page 289: ... PT100 resistance Public RS_RS0 Calculated ratio RS RS0 Public DegC Calculated temperature of PT100 BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 0 0 Measure X BrFull Dest Reps Range DiffChan ExChan MeasPEx ExmV RevEx RevDiff SettlingTime Integ Mult Offset BrFull X1 1 mV50 1 Vx1 1 5000 True True 0 250 1 0 Calculate X2 X2 X1 1000 R2 R1 R2 Calculate RS and RS_RS0 RS R4 X2 1 X2 RS_RS0 RS RS0 Calculate temperature from RS_RS0...

Page 290: ...efficients or T g K 4 h K 3 I K 2 j K see PRT Calculation Standards for coefficients Resistance of the PRT R3 R3 R4 X3 1 X3 X3 X 1000 R2 R1 R2 Measurement resolution There is a change of approximately 4 mV from the output at 40 C to the output at 51 C or 400 µV C With a resolution of 0 33 µV on the 50 mV range this means that the temperature resolution is 0 0009 C 7 7 17 6 Example 100 Ω PRT in Fou...

Page 291: ...00 Ω resistor 2 Wire circuit to datalogger Use FIGURE PT100 Resistance Basic Circuit Schematic p 291 as the wiring diagram 3 Calculate excitation current Use the following equation to calculate the best excitation current IX for the measurement range 40 to 60 C The equation reduces the absolute result by 1 to allow for resistor inaccuracy IXmax VSmax RSmin 0 99 where VSmax 50 mV max input voltage ...

Page 292: ...rfect PRT In the real world PRT resistance at 0 C will probably land on either side of 100 Ω 5 Measure the sensor If you are doing a dry run assume the temperature is 10 C a Enter CRBasic EXAMPLE PT100 Resistance Basic Circuit Measurement p 293 into the CR3000 It is already programmed with the excitation current from step 3 and RS0 from step 4 b Place PT100 in medium to measure c Measure with Resi...

Page 293: ... Resistance Basic Circuit Measurement This program example demonstrates the measurement of 100 ohm PRT PT100 with current excitation See previous procedure and schematic Declare constants and variables Const RS0 100000 Resistance of PT100 at 0 C from calibration program Public X Raw output from the bridge Public RS Calculated PT100 resistance Public RS_RS0 Calculated ratio RS RS0 Public DegC Calcu...

Page 294: ...terminal Do this by calculating IXmax at several PRT numbers IXmax InLim n RSmin 0 99 where InLim Input Limits 5000 mV n number of PT100 sensors RSmin minimum resistance in the temperature range 84270 mΩ so IXmax 0 029 mA 29 µA when n 2 Other results are tabulated in the following table Number of PT100 PT100 Number n Max Excite Current IXmax 1 0 059 mA 2 0 029 mA 3 0 020 mA 4 0 015 mA 5 0 012 mA 6...

Page 295: ...output from the bridge Public RS 3 Calculated PT100 resistance Public RS_RS0 3 Calculated ratio RS RS0 Public DegC 3 Calculated temperature Public Cnt Counter for For Next loop BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 0 0 Measure X Resistance Dest Reps Range InputChan IExChan MPE ExuA RevEx RevDiff SettlingTime Integ Mult Offset Resistance X 3 mV50 1 Ix1 3 1000 True True 0 250 1 0 Calculate RS and RS_RS0 For Cnt 1 To...

Page 296: ...4 R3 R2 R4 X R1 R2 R4 X R1 RB X R3 R3 R4 R2 R1 R2 Definitions X is the output of the Resistance equation V1 is the voltage output of the bridge at terminals U3 and U4 this value is used only internally in the CR3000 IX is the magnitude of the current I excitation R1 R2 R4 are resistor values in the bridge R3 is the resistance of the PRT RB is the resistance of the whole bridge as measured between ...

Page 297: ...at is approximately equal to the resistance of the PRT at 10 C See Procedure Information PT100 Resistance Full Bridge p 296 Since a 103 9 Ω resistor is hard to find use a 100 Ω resistor It is close enough 2 Wire circuit to datalogger Use FIGURE PT100 Resistance Four Wire Full Bridge Schematic as the wiring diagram Wire the current return wire to the current return terminal 3 Calculate excitation c...

Page 298: ...her side of 100 Ω 5 Measure the sensor If you are doing a dry run assume the temperature is 10 C a Enter CRBasic EXAMPLE PT100 Resistance Full Bridge Measurement p 299 into the CR3000 It is already programmed with the excitation current and RS0 from step 4 b Place PT100 in medium to measure c Measure with Resistance If you are doing a dry run assume the result of Resistance X10 7874 d Calculate RS...

Page 299: ...ance Four Wire Full Bridge Measurement This program example demonstrates the measurement of a 100 ohm PRT PT100 in a four wire full bridge with current excitation See previous procedure and schematic Declare constants and variables Const R1 5000000 Value of R1 bridge resistor Const R2 120000 Value of R2 bridge resistor Const R4 5000000 Value of R4 bridge resistor Const RS0 100000 Resistance of PT1...

Page 300: ...0 to 0 C it introduces 0 003 C error to the measurement Eq 1 and Eq 2 yield approximations of the true linearity of a PRT The approximation error can be as high as several hundredths of a degree Celsius at different points in the temperature range and it varies from sensor to sensor Individual sensors also have errors relative to the ASTM E1137 04 standard These errors can be as much as 0 3 C at 0...

Page 301: ... 00 h 2 9236300E 00 i 9 1455000E 00 j 2 5581900E 02 1 Compliant with the following standards IEC 60751 2008 IEC 751 ASTM E1137 04 JIS 1604 1997 EN 60751 DIN43760 BS1904 and others reference IEC 60751 and ASTM E1137 α 0 00385 PRTCalc PRTType 2 α 0 003921 Constant Coefficient a 3 9786300E 03 d 2 3452400E 06 e 1 8174740E 05 f 1 1726200E 06 g 1 7043690E 00 h 2 7795010E 00 i 8 8078440E 00 j 2 5129740E ...

Page 302: ...ard α 0 00391 Reference OMIL R84 2003 PRTCalc PRTType 4 α 0 0039161 Constant Coefficient a 3 9739000E 03 d 2 3480000E 06 e 1 8139880E 05 f 1 1740000E 06 g 1 7297410E 00 h 2 8905090E 00 i 8 8326690E 00 j 2 5159480E 02 1 Old Japanese Standard α 0 003916 Reference JIS C 1604 1981 National Instruments PRTCalc PRTType 5 α 0 003751 Constant Coefficient a 3 8100000E 03 d 2 4080000E 06 e 1 6924100E 05 f 1...

Page 303: ...es a judgment call To maximize measurement resolution the excitation voltage must be maximized However to minimize self heating of the PRT element excitation voltage must be minimized Keeping the voltage drop across the PRT to 25 mV addresses both concerns since self heating is normally less than 0 001 C in still air To maximize the measurement resolution optimize the excitation voltage Vx such th...

Page 304: ...ee ASCII ANSI Table for a complete list of ASCII ANSI codes and their binary and hex equivalents The face value of the byte however is not what is usually of interest The manufacturer of the instrument must specify what information in the byte is of interest For instance two bytes may be received one for character 2 the other for character b The pair of characters together 2b is the hexadecimal co...

Page 305: ...S 232 scheme is used If that is the case then the following apply Connect sensor RX receive pin 2 to a U or C terminal set up for Tx C1 C3 C5 C7 Connect sensor TX transmit pin 3 to a U or C terminal set up for Rx C2 C4 C6 C8 Connect sensor ground pin 5 to datalogger ground G terminal Note Rx and Tx lines on nine pin connectors are sometimes switched by the manufacturer CR3000 Serial Ports Serial P...

Page 306: ...y manufacturers and are easy to use relative to a custom protocol SDI 12 Modbus and DNP3 also support addressing systems that allow multiplexing of several sensors on a single communication port which makes for more efficient use of resources 7 7 18 4 Glossary of Serial I O Terms Term asynchronous The transmission of data between a transmitting and a receiving device occurs as a series of zeros an...

Page 307: ...icant integer at the end of a numeric word reading left to right The processor in the CR3000 is MSB or puts the most significant integer first See Endianness p 601 Term LSB Least significant bit the trailing bit See the Endianness p 601 Term marks and spaces RS 232 signal levels are inverted logic compared to TTL The different levels are called marks and spaces When referenced to signal ground the...

Page 308: ...nstruction The SerialClose instruction can be used to close the serial port Below is practical advice regarding the use of SerialOpen and SerialClose Program CRBasic example Receiving an RS 232 String p 315 shows the use of SerialOpen Consult CRBasic Editor Help for more information SerialOpen COMPort BaudRate Format TXDelay BufferSize COMPort Refer to CRBasic Editor Help for a complete list of CO...

Page 309: ...ed before SerialOpen can be used again to reconfigure the same serial port or before the port can be used to communicate with a PC 7 7 18 5 1 Serial I O Programming Basics SerialOpen 1 Closes PPP if active Returns TRUE or FALSE when set equal to a Boolean variable Be aware of buffer size ring memory SerialClose Examples of when to close o Reopen PPP o Finished setting new settings in a Hayes modem...

Page 310: ...peline mode inside the digital measurement task along with SDM instructions if the COMPort parameter is set to a constant argument such as COM1 COM2 COM3 or COM4 and the number of bytes is also entered as a constant Simplifies synchronization with one way Simplifies working with protocols that send a record of data with known start and or end characters or a fixed number of records in response to ...

Page 311: ...miter character such as a comma space or tab Delimiters are useful for parsing the received serial string into usable numbers o Will the sensor be sending multiple data strings Multiple strings usually require filtering before parsing o How fast will data be sent to the CR3000 o Is power consumption critical o Does the sensor compute a checksum Which type A checksum is useful to test for data corr...

Page 312: ... Example Public SplitResult 2 As Float 7 7 18 5 3 Serial I O Output Programming Basics Applications with the purpose of transmitting data to another device usually include the following procedures Other procedures may be required depending on the application 1 Open a serial port with SerialOpen to configure it for communications o Parameters are set according to the requirements of the communicati...

Page 313: ... be combinations or variations of these The instrument manufacturer must provide the rules for decoding the data Alpha numeric Each digit represents an alpha numeric value For example R the letter R and 2 decimal 2 This is the easiest protocol to translate since the encode and translation are identical Normally the CR3000 is programmed to parse split the string and place values in variables Exampl...

Page 314: ...lt 3 10 000 30 kB of buffer space So while making sure enough bytes are allocated in SerialOpen the number of bytes per record records Scan 1 at least one extra byte there is reason not to make the buffer size too large Note that if the NumberOfBytes parameter is non zero then SerialInRecord allocates only this many bytes instead of the number of bytes specified by SerialOpen Variable Declarations...

Page 315: ... 56 789 Wiring COM1 TX C1 COM2 RX C4 Serial Out Declarations Public TempOut As Float Public RhOut As Float Declare a string variable large enough to hold the output string Public SerialOutString As String 25 Serial In Declarations Declare a string variable large enough to hold the input string Public SerialInString As String 25 Declare strings to accept parsed data If parsed data are strictly nume...

Page 316: ...n simulate the output of a serial device or capture serial input Note HyperTerminal is provided as a utility with Windows XP and earlier versions of Windows HyperTerminal is not provided with later versions of Windows but can be purchased separately from http www hilgraeve com HyperTerminal automatically converts binary data to ASCII on the screen Binary data can be captured saved to a file and th...

Page 317: ...Section 7 Installation 317 FIGURE 73 HyperTerminal New Connection Description FIGURE 74 HyperTerminal Connect To Settings ...

Page 318: ...Section 7 Installation 318 FIGURE 75 HyperTerminal COM Port Settings Tab Click File Properties Settings ASCII Setup and set as shown FIGURE 76 HyperTerminal ASCII Setup ...

Page 319: ...gure HyperTerminal Text Capture File Example p 319 shows a HyperTerminal capture file with some data The file is empty before use commences FIGURE 78 HyperTerminal Text Capture File Example Engage text capture by clicking on Transfer Capture Text Browse select the file and then click OK 7 7 18 6 4 Serial I O Example II CRBasic example Measure Sensors Send RS 232 Data p 320 illustrates a use of CR3...

Page 320: ...munications will cause the CR3000 to occasionally send unsolicited PakBus packets out the RS 232 port for at least 40 seconds after the last PakBus communication This will produce some noise on the intended data output signal Monitor the CR3000 RS 232 port with HyperTerminal as described in the section Configure HyperTerminal p 316 Send C command file to set the clock according to the text in the ...

Page 321: ...e Clock Set Record Data Table DataTable ClockSetRecord True 1 Sample 7 ClkSet FP2 EndTable Subroutine to convert date formats day of year to month and date Sub DOY2MODAY Store Year DOY Hour Minute and Second to Input Locations Year InStringSplit 1 DOY InStringSplit 2 Hour InStringSplit 3 Minute InStringSplit 4 Second InStringSplit 5 uSecond 0 Check if it is a leap year If Year Mod 4 0 and Year Mod...

Page 322: ... True Then Select Case DOY Case Is 32 Month 1 Date DOY Case Is 61 Month 2 Date DOY 31 Case Is 92 Month 3 Date DOY 60 Case Is 122 Month 4 Date DOY 91 Case Is 153 Month 5 Date DOY 121 Case Is 183 Month 6 Date DOY 152 Case Is 214 Month 7 Date DOY 182 Case Is 245 Month 8 Date DOY 213 Case Is 275 Month 9 Date DOY 244 Case Is 306 Month 10 Date DOY 274 Case Is 336 Month 11 Date DOY 305 Case Is 367 Month ...

Page 323: ...se Is 244 Month 8 Date DOY 212 Case Is 274 Month 9 Date DOY 243 Case Is 305 Month 10 Date DOY 273 Case Is 336 Month 11 Date DOY 304 Case Is 366 Month 12 Date DOY 334 EndSelect EndIf EndSub PROGRAM BeginProg StationID 4771 Scan 1 Sec 3 0 Measurement Section PulseCount KWH_In 1 1 2 0 1 0 Activate this line in working program KWH_In 4 5 Simulation delete this line from working program PulseCount KVar...

Page 324: ...sec msec ClockSet ClkSet CallTable ClockSetRecord EndIf Serial Output Section Construct old Campbell Scientific Printable ASCII data format and output to COM1 Read datalogger clock RealTime rTime If TimeIntoInterval 0 5 Sec Then Load OneMinData table data for processing into printable ASCII GetRecord OneMinData OneMinTable 1 Assign Sign For i 1 To 6 If OneMinData i 0 Then Note chr45 is sign OutFra...

Page 325: ...ns Does the SerialOpen instruction cause other power cycles A The RS 232 port is left on under the following conditions When the setting RS 232Power p 589 is set When a SerialOpen with argument COMRS232 is used in the program Both conditions power up the interface and leave it on with no timeout If SerialClose is used after SerialOpen the port is powered down and in a state waiting for characters ...

Page 326: ... 1 TempData LargerString If TempData S Then A single character can be retrieved from any position in a string The following example retrieves the fifth character of a string Public TempData As String 1 TempData LargerString 1 1 5 Q How can I get SerialIn SerialInBlock and SerialInRecord to read extended characters A Open the port in binary mode mode 3 instead of PakBus enabled mode mode 0 Q Tests ...

Page 327: ...ken to ensure that the incoming data are updated in time for subsequent processes using that data When the task of writing data is separate from the task of reading data you should control the flow of data with deliberate control features such as the use of flags or a time stamped weigh point as can be obtained from a data table There is nothing unique about SerialIn with regard to understanding h...

Page 328: ...as strings Example 1 2 3 a 5 6 7 6a567 Subtracts NULL from the end of ASCII characters for conversion to an ASCII code LONG data type Example a 97 ASCII codes of the first characters in each string are compared If the difference between the codes is zero codes for the next characters are compared When unequal codes or NULL are encountered NULL terminates all strings the difference between the last...

Page 329: ...n of Numbers and Strings p 329 demonstrates several concatenation examples When non string values are concatenated with strings once a string is encountered all subsequent operands will first be converted to a string before the operation is performed When working with strings exclusive use of the operator ensures that no string value will be converted to an integer String Concatenation Examples Ex...

Page 330: ...ollowing parameters will be processed concatenated as strings I 1 Num I 1 2 3 4 1234 I 1 Num I 1 2 3 4 1234 I 1 Num I 1 2 3 4 334 I 1 Num I 1 2 3 4 64 I 1 Num I 1 2 3 4 5 6 33456 I 1 Num I 1 2 3 4 5 6 3396 I 1 Num I 1 2 3 4 5 6 33206 I 1 Num I 1 2 3 4 1234 I 1 Num I 1 2 3 4 64 If a non numeric string is attempted to be processed into a float destination operations are truncated at that point I 1 N...

Page 331: ...code results 35 LongVar 6 StrComp Also subtracts NULL 35 Example Objective Insert a NULL character into a string and then reconstitute the string Given StringVar 3 123456789 Execute StringVar 3 1 4 123 NULL 56789 Results StringVar 4 StringVar 3 123 but StringVar 3 still 123 NULL 56789 so StringVar 5 StringVar 3 1 4 1 56789 StringVar 6 StringVar 3 4 StringVar 3 1 4 1 123456789 Some smart sensors se...

Page 332: ...ubroutine from anywhere in the program A subroutine has access to all global variables p 541 Variables local p 544 to a subroutine are declared within the subroutine instruction Local variables can be aliased as of 4 2013 OS 26 but are not displayed in the Public table Global and local variables can share the same name and not conflict If global variables are passed to local variables of different...

Page 333: ...es Global variables are those declared anywhere in the program as Public or Dim Local variables are those declared in the Sub instruction Program Function Passes two variables to a subroutine The subroutine increments each variable once per second multiplies each by pi then passes results back to the main program for storage in a data table Global variables Used only outside subroutine by choice D...

Page 334: ...Section 7 Installation 334 BeginProg counter 1 1 counter 2 2 Scan 1 Sec 0 0 Pass Counter array to j array pi_pruduct to OutVar Call ProcessSub counter pi_product CallTable pi_results NextScan EndProg ...

Page 335: ...asurement without an accurate time reference has little meaning Data on the CR3000 are stored with time stamps How closely a time stamp corresponds to the actual time a measurement is taken depends on several factors The time stamp in common CRBasic programs matches the time at the beginning of the current scan as measured by the real time clock in the CR3000 If a scan starts at 15 00 00 data outp...

Page 336: ...NextScan construct as is normally done the time stamp reflects scan time By executing the CallTable instruction outside the Scan NextScan construct the time stamp will reflect system time instead of scan time CRBasic example Time Stamping with System Time p 336 shows the basic code requirements The DataTime instruction is a more recent introduction that facilitates time stamping with system time S...

Page 337: ...using a resistive shunt Resistance Full bridge Half bridge Sensor connection is to H L terminals configured for differential DIFF or single ended SE inputs For example differential channel 1 is comprised of terminals 1H and 1L with 1H as high and 1L as low 8 1 2 1 Voltage Measurement Quality Read More Consult the following technical papers at www campbellsci com app notes for in depth treatments o...

Page 338: ... details Increases by twice the input reversal signal integration time Reasons for using single ended measurements however include Not enough differential terminals available Differential measurements use twice as many H L terminals as do single ended measurements Rapid sampling is required Single ended measurement time is about half that of differential measurement time Sensor is not designed for...

Page 339: ...ircuitry to perform an analog integration on voltages to be measured prior to the A to D p 529 conversion Integrating the the analog signal removes noise that creates error in the measurement Slow integration removes more noise than fast integration When the duration of the integration matches the duration of one cycle of ac power mains noise that noise is filtered out The table Analog Measurement...

Page 340: ...ers 60 Hz noise 20 ms _50Hz Filters 50 Hz noise Ac Power Noise Rejection Grid or mains power 50 or 60 Hz 230 or 120 Vac can induce electrical noise at integer multiples of 50 or 60 Hz Small analog voltage signals such as thermocouples and pyranometers are particularly susceptible CR3000 voltage measurements can be programmed to reject filter 50 Hz or 60 Hz related noise Noise is rejected by using ...

Page 341: ...me is approximately 9830 µs 10 000 µs 170 µs The CR3000 does not prevent or warn against setting the settling time beyond the half cycle limit Table Ac Noise Rejection on Large Signals p 341 lists details of the half cycle ac power line noise rejection technique Ac Noise Rejection on Large Signals1 Ac Power Line Frequency Measurement Integration Time CRBasic Integration Code Default Settling Time ...

Page 342: ... before the next measurement The rate at which the signal settles is determined by the input settling time constant which is a function of both the source resistance and fixed input capacitance 3 3 nfd of the CR3000 Rise and decay waveforms are exponential Figure Input Voltage Rise and Transient Decay p 343 shows rising and decaying waveforms settling closer to the true signal magnitude Vso The Se...

Page 343: ... has a high dielectric constant which extends input settling time Where possible run excitation leads and signal leads in separate shields to minimize transients When measurement speed is not a prime consideration additional time can be used to ensure ample settling time The settling time required can be measured with the CR3000 When relatively large resistances are measured 1000 ohms or relativel...

Page 344: ... pressure Reviewing CRBasic Programming Details p 129 may help in understanding the CRBasic code in the example The first six measurements are shown in table First Six Values of Settling Time Data p 345 Each trace in figure Settling Time for Pressure Transducer p 345 contains all twenty PT mV V values left axis for a given record number along with an average value showing the measurements as perce...

Page 345: ... True 900 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 10 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 1000 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 11 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 1100 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 12 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 1200 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 13 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 1300 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 14 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 1400 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 15 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 1500 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 16 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 160...

Page 346: ...cted sensor wire This prevents otherwise undetectable measurement errors Range codes appended with C enable open input detect for all input ranges See TABLE Analog Input Voltage Ranges and Options p 381 Appending the Range code with a C results in a 50 µs internal connection of the V input of the PGIA to a large over voltage The V input is connected to ground Upon disconnecting the inputs the true...

Page 347: ... Range Over Voltage 20 mV 50 mV 200 mV 300 mV 1000 mV 1200 mV 5000 mV 5200 mV Offset Voltage Compensation Related Topics Auto Self Calibration Overview p 92 Auto Self Calibration Details p 373 Auto Self Calibration Errors p 515 Offset Voltage Compensation p 347 Factory Calibration p 89 Factory Calibration or Repair Procedure p 500 Summary Measurement offset voltages are unavoidable but can be mini...

Page 348: ... those below 200 mV such as are output from pyranometers and thermocouples Differential measurements also have the advantage of an input reversal option RevDiff When RevDiff is True two differential measurements are made the first with a positive polarity and the second reversed Subtraction of opposite polarity measurements cancels some offset voltages associated with the measurement Single ended ...

Page 349: ... is a function of the voltage from the previous measurement While this offset is usually small and negligible when measuring large signals significant error or NAN can occur when measuring very small signals This effect is caused by dielectric absorption of the integrator capacitor and cannot be overcome by circuit design Remedies include the following Program longer settling times Use an individu...

Page 350: ... is 4 997 mV Subtracting the second sub measurement from the first and then dividing by 2 cancels the offset 5 003 mV 4 997 mV 10 000 mV 10 000 mV 2 5 000 mV When the CR3000 reverses differential inputs or excitation polarity it delays the same settling time after the reversal as it does before the first sub measurement So there are two delays per measurement when either RevDiff or RevEx is used I...

Page 351: ...sabling RevDiff RevEx or MeasOff speeds up measurement time however the increase in speed comes at the cost of accuracy because of the following 1 RevDiff RevEx and MeasOff are more effective 2 Auto self calibrations are performed only periodically so more time skew occurs between the auto self calibration offsets and the measurements to which they are applied Note When measurement duration must b...

Page 352: ...e tabulated in the table Analog Voltage Measurement Offsets p 352 Note Error discussed in this section and error related specifications of the CR3000 do not include error introduced by the sensor or by the transmission of the sensor signal to the CR3000 Analog Voltage Measurement Accuracy1 0 to 40 C 25 to 50 C 55 to 85 C2 0 04 of reading offset 0 07 of reading offset 0 09 of reading offset 1 Assum...

Page 353: ...ent of reading is the principle component so accuracy improves as input voltage decreases Offset is small but could be significant in applications wherein the sensor signal voltage is very small such as is encountered with thermocouples Offset depends on measurement type and voltage input range Offsets equations are tabulated in table Analog Voltage Measurement Offsets p 352 For example for a diff...

Page 354: ...The following example illustrates the effect percent of reading and offset have on measurement accuracy The effect of offset is usually negligible on large signals Example Sensor signal voltage 5000 mV CRBasic measurement instruction VoltDiff Programmed input voltage range Range mV5000 5000 mV Input measurement reversal True CR3000 circuitry temperature 10 C Accuracy of the measurement is calculat...

Page 355: ...component Vcm and the differential mode component Vdm of a voltage signal Vcm is the average of the voltages on the V and V inputs So Vcm V V 2 or the voltage remaining on the inputs when Vdm 0 The total voltage on the V and V inputs is given as V Vcm Vdm 2 and VL Vcm Vdm 2 respectively 8 1 2 2 Thermocouple Measurements Details Related Topics Thermocouple Measurements Details Thermocouple Measurem...

Page 356: ...means of the PanelTemp instruction TCDiff and TCSe thermocouple instructions determine thermocouple temperatures using the following sequence First the temperature C of the reference junction is determined Next a reference junction compensation voltage is computed based on the temperature difference between the reference junction and 0 C If the reference junction is the CR3000 analog input termina...

Page 357: ... thermistor is likely to be less than 0 2 C With an external driving gradient the temperature gradients on the input panel can be much worse For example the CR3000 was placed in a controlled temperature chamber Thermocouples in terminals at the ends and middle of each analog terminal strip measured the temperature of an insulated aluminum bar outside the chamber The temperature of this bar was als...

Page 358: ...Section 8 Operation 358 FIGURE 83 Panel Temperature Error Summary FIGURE 84 Panel Temperature Gradients low temperature to high ...

Page 359: ...from a standard assuming the wires are each homogeneous and no secondary junctions exist is due to a deviation in slope In light of this the fixed temperature limits of error e g 1 0 C for type T as opposed to the slope error of 0 75 of the temperature in the table above are probably greater than one would experience when considering temperatures in the environmental range i e the reference juncti...

Page 360: ...rmocouple Voltage Measurement Error Thermocouple outputs are extremely small 10 to 70 µV per C Unless high resolution input ranges are used when programming the CR3000 accuracy and sensitivity are compromised Table Voltage Range for Maximum Thermocouple Resolution p 360 lists high resolution ranges available for various thermocouple types and temperature ranges The following four example calculati...

Page 361: ...or 200 mV Input Range T 270 to 400 270 to 395 not used not used E 270 to 1000 270 to 300 270 to 675 675 K 270 to 1372 270 to 500 270 to 1250 1250 J 210 to 1200 210 to 385 210 to 885 885 B 0 to 1820 0 to 1820 not used not used R 50 to 1768 50 to 1690 50 to 1768 not used S 50 to 1768 50 to 1768 not used not used N 270 to 1300 270 to 595 270 to 1300 not used 1 Reference temperature at 20 C FIGURE 86 ...

Page 362: ...ffset term 830 7 µV 0 07 1 5 0 67 µV 1 0 µV 0 581 µV 2 01 µV 2 59 µV 0 061 C Error Calculations with Input Reversal False µV Error gain term offset term 830 7 µV 0 07 3 0 67 µV 2 0 µV 0 581 µV 4 01 µV 4 59 µV 0 11 C Input Error Examples Type K Thermocouple 1300 C Error in the temperature due to inaccuracy in the measurement of the thermocouple voltage increases at temperature extremes particularly...

Page 363: ...with Input Reversal False µV error gain term offset term 44500 µV 0 07 3 6 67 µV 2 0 µV 31 2 µV 22 0 µV 1 52 µV 1 52 C Ground Looping Error When the thermocouple measurement junction is in electrical contact with the object being measured or has the possibility of making contact a differential measurement should be made to avoid ground looping Noise Error The typical input noise on the 20 mV range...

Page 364: ...150 to 760 0 008 100 to 300 0 002 E 240 to 1000 240 to 130 0 4 130 to 200 0 005 200 to 1000 0 02 K 50 to 1372 50 to 950 0 01 950 to 1372 0 04 Reference Junction Error Thermocouple instructions TCDiff and TCSe include the parameter TRef to incorporate the reference junction temperature into the measurement A reference junction compensation voltage is computed from TRef as part of the thermocouple i...

Page 365: ...01 E 150 to 206 0 005 J 150 to 296 0 005 K 50 to 100 0 01 1 Relative to ITS 90 Standard in NIST Monograph 175 Thermocouple Error Summary Errors in the thermocouple and reference temperature linearizations are extremely small and error in the voltage measurement is negligible The magnitude of the errors discussed in Error Analysis p 356 show that the greatest sources of error in a thermocouple meas...

Page 366: ...uple wire has a smaller temperature range than standard thermocouple wire but it meets the same limits of error within that range One situation in which thermocouple extension wire is advantageous is when the junction box temperature is outside the range of reference junction compensation provided by the CR3000 This is only a factor when using type K thermocouples since the upper limit of the refe...

Page 367: ...istance Measurements Specifications Resistance Measurements Overview p 72 Resistance Measurements Details p 367 Measurement RTD PRT PT100 PT1000 p 273 By supplying a precise and known voltage to a resistive bridge circuit and measuring the returning voltage resistance can be calculated CRBasic instructions for measuring resistance include BrHalf half bridge BrHalf3W three wire half bridge BrHalf4W...

Page 368: ...ions input and excitation reversal are applied separately to each measurement For example in the four wire half bridge BrHalf4W when excitation is reversed the differential measurement of the voltage drop across the sensor is made with excitation at both polarities and then excitation is again applied and reversed for the measurement of the voltage drop across the fixed resistor Further the result...

Page 369: ...ndamental Relationship2 These relationships apply to BrFull and BrFull6W Six Wire Full Bridge1 CRBasic Instruction BrFull6W Fundamental Relationship2 1 Key Vx excitation voltage V1 V2 sensor return voltages Rf fixed bridge or completion resistor Rs variable or sensing resistor 2 Where X result of the CRBasic bridge measurement instruction with a multiplier of 1 and an offset of 0 3 See the appendi...

Page 370: ...ce Fundamental relationship3 Full Bridge2 CRBasic Instruction Resistance Fundamental relationship3 1 See Current Excitation Cabling p 421 for precautions to consider when measuring resistances 1000 Ω or sensors with leads 50 feet 2 Key Ix excitation current IxR Current Return V1 sensor return voltage Rs variable or sensing resistor 3 Where X result of the CRBasic bridge measurement instruction wit...

Page 371: ...clude electrolytic tilt sensors soil moisture blocks water conductivity sensors and wetness sensing grids The use of single polarity dc excitation with these sensors can result in polarization of sensor materials and the substance measured Polarization may cause erroneous measurement calibration changes or rapid sensor decay Other sensors for example LVDTs linear variable differential transformers...

Page 372: ... V2 in the table Resistive Bridge Circuits with Voltage Excitation p 368 Offset is the same as that for simple analog voltage measurements See the table Analog Voltage Measurement Offsets p 352 Assumptions that support the ratiometric accuracy specification include CR3000 is within factory calibration specification Excitation voltages less than 500 mV and excitation currents less than 500 µA are r...

Page 373: ...ion The voltage reference should be periodically checked and re calibrated by Campbell Scientific for applications with critical analog voltage measurement requirements A minimum two year recalibration cycle is recommended Unless a Calibrate instruction is present the CR3000 auto self calibrates during spare time in the background as a slow sequence p 166 with a segment of the calibration occurrin...

Page 374: ...and VoltDiff instructions on a given input range with the same integration durations use the same G values but different B values The five input voltage ranges 5000 mV 1000 mV 200 mV and 50 mV in combination with the three most common integration durations 250 µs 50 Hz half cycle and 60 Hz half cycle result in a maximum of 15 different gains G and 15 offsets for VoltSe measurements B and 15 offset...

Page 375: ...e Integration CalGain 1 5000 250 ms CalGain 2 1000 250 ms CalGain 3 200 250 ms CalGain 4 50 250 ms CalGain 5 20 250 ms CalGain 6 5000 60 Hz Rejection CalGain 7 1000 60 Hz Rejection CalGain 8 200 60 Hz Rejection CalGain 9 50 60 Hz Rejection CalGain 10 20 60 Hz Rejection CalGain 11 5000 50 Hz Rejection CalGain 12 1000 50 Hz Rejection CalGain 13 200 50 Hz Rejection CalGain 14 50 50 Hz Rejection CalGa...

Page 376: ...lSeOffset 15 20 50 Hz Rejection CalDiffOffset Field Descriptions Field mV Input Range Integration CalDiffOffset 1 5000 250 ms CalDiffOffset 2 1000 250 ms CalDiffOffset 3 200 250 ms CalDiffOffset 4 50 250 ms CalDiffOffset 5 20 250 ms CalDiffOffset 6 5000 60 Hz Rejection CalDiffOffset 7 1000 60 Hz Rejection CalDiffOffset 8 200 60 Hz Rejection CalDiffOffset 9 50 60 Hz Rejection CalDiffOffset 10 20 60...

Page 377: ...ain 50 250 ms 0 00167 mV LSB 13 SE Offset 20 250 ms 35 LSB 14 Diff Offset 20 250 ms 35 LSB 15 Gain 20 250 ms 0 00067 mV LSB 16 SE Offset 5000 60 Hz Rejection 25 LSB 17 Diff Offset 5000 60 Hz Rejection 25 LSB 18 Gain 5000 60 Hz Rejection 0 167 mV LSB 19 SE Offset 1000 60 Hz Rejection 25 LSB 20 Diff Offset 1000 60 Hz Rejection 25 LSB 21 Gain 1000 60 Hz Rejection 0 0333 mV LSB 22 SE Offset 200 60 Hz ...

Page 378: ...rain Measurements Overview p 74 Strain Measurements Details p 378 FieldCalStrain Examples p 243 A principal use of the four wire full bridge is the measurement of strain gages in structural stress analysis StrainCalc calculates microstrain µε from the formula for the particular strain bridge configuration used All strain gages supported by StrainCalc use the full bridge schematic In strain gage pa...

Page 379: ... 1 5 Full bridge strain gage Half the bridge has two gages parallel to and and the other half to and 1 6 Full bridge strain gage Half the bridge has two gages parallel to and and the other half to and 1 1 Poisson s Ratio 0 if not applicable GF Gage Factor Vr 0 001 Source Zero if BRConfig code is positive Vr 0 001 Source Zero if BRConfig code is negative and where source the result of the full brid...

Page 380: ...s Details p 367 for more information 8 1 2 7 Voltage Measurements Details Related Topics Voltage Measurements Specifications Voltage Measurements Overview p 68 Voltage Measurements Details p 380 8 1 2 7 1 Voltage Measurement Limitations Caution Sustained voltages in excess of 8 6 V applied to terminals configured for analog input can temporarily corrupt all analog measurements Warning Sustained vo...

Page 381: ...onger than a measurement on a fixed range because of the two measurement sequences An auto ranged measurement will return NAN not a number if the voltage exceeds the range picked by the first measurement To avoid problems with a signal on the edge of a range AutoRange selects the next larger range when the signal exceeds 90 of a range Use auto ranging for a signal that occasionally exceeds a parti...

Page 382: ...voltage difference between V and V It ignores the common mode voltage or voltages that are common to both inputs The figure shows the applied input voltage decomposed into a common mode voltage Vcm and the differential mode component Vdm of a voltage signal Vcm is the average of the voltages on the V and V inputs So Vcm V V 2 or the voltage remaining on the inputs when Vdm 0 The total voltage on t...

Page 383: ...put Limits are always 5 Vdc Consequently the term Input Limits is used to specify the valid voltage range of the V and V inputs into the PGIA FIGURE 88 PGIA with Input Signal Decomposition 8 1 2 7 2 Voltage Measurement Mechanics Measurement Sequence An analog voltage measurement as illustrated in the figure Simplified Voltage Measurement Sequence p 383 proceeds as follows 1 Switch 2 Settle 3 Ampli...

Page 384: ...hat Control Measurement Sequence and Timing p 385 FIGURE 90 Programmable Gain Input Amplifier PGIA H to V L to V VH to V VL to V correspond to text A voltage measurement proceeds as follows 1 Set PGIA gain for the voltage range selected with the CRBasic measurement instruction parameter Range 2 Turn on excitation to the level selected with ExmV 3 Multiplex selected terminals InChan to the PGIA and...

Page 385: ...ting the signal removes noise that creates error in the measurement Slow integration removes more noise than fast integration Integration time can be modified to reject 50 Hz and 60 Hz mains power line noise Fast integration may be preferred at times to minimize time skew between successive measurements maximize throughput rate maximize life of the CR3000 power supply minimize polarization of pola...

Page 386: ...09 Thermistor Differential Measurements Details Related Topics Differential Measurements Overview p 71 Differential Measurements Details p 386 Using the figure Programmable Gain Input Amplifier PGIA p 384 for reference during a differential measurement the high signal H is routed to V and the low signal L is routed to V An H terminal of an H L terminal pair differential corresponds to V The L term...

Page 387: ...ed available measurement hardware and fiscal constraints In broad terms analog voltage is best measured differentially because these measurements include noise reduction features listed below that are not included in single ended measurements Passive Noise Rejection o No voltage reference offset o Common mode noise rejection which filters capacitively coupled noise Active Noise Rejection o Input r...

Page 388: ...oximately 25 C too high A common problem with ground potential difference occurs in applications wherein external signal conditioning circuitry is powered by the same source as the CR3000 such as an ac mains power receptacle Despite being tied to the same ground differences in current drain and lead resistance may result in a different ground potential between the two instruments So as a precautio...

Page 389: ...al inputs or reversing the excitation is specified there are two separate integrations per measurement if both reversals are specified there are four separate integrations Analog Measurement Integration Integration Time ms Integration Parameter Argument Comments 0 to 16000 µs 0 to 16000 250 µs is considered fast and normally the minimum 16 667 ms _60Hz Filters 60 Hz noise 20 ms _50Hz Filters 50 Hz...

Page 390: ...jecting ac line noise when measuring with the 1000 mV mV1000 and 5000 mV mV5000 ranges the CR3000 makes two fast measurements separated in time by one half line cycle A 60 Hz half cycle is 8333 µs so the second measurement must start 8333 µs after the first measurement integration began The A to D conversion time is approximately 170 µs leaving a maximum input settling time of approximately 8160 µ...

Page 391: ... as the settling time before the second measurement if the settling time entered is greater than one half cycle This causes a truncated second excitation Depending on the sensor used a truncated second excitation may cause measurement errors Signal Settling Time Settling time allows an analog voltage signal to settle closer to the true magnitude prior to measurement To minimize measurement error s...

Page 392: ...h increasing settling time For example a 1 ms increase in settling time for a bridge instruction with input reversal and excitation reversal results in a 4 ms increase in time for the CR3000 to perform the instruction FIGURE 92 Input voltage rise and transient decay CRBasic Measurement Settling Times SettlingTime Argument Integ Argument Resultant Settling Time1 0 250 200 µs 0 _50Hz 3 ms 0 _60Hz 3 ...

Page 393: ...te at what settling time a further increase results in negligible change in the measured voltage The programmed settling time at this point indicates the settling time needed for the sensor cable combination CRBasic example Measuring Settling Time p 344 presents CRBasic code to help determine settling time for a pressure transducer using a high capacitance semiconductor The code consists of a seri...

Page 394: ...0 1 0 0 BrFull PT 4 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 400 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 5 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 500 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 6 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 600 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 7 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 700 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 8 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 800 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 9 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 900 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 10 1 mV20 1 Vx1 2500 True True 1000 250 1 0 0 BrFull PT 11...

Page 395: ...31 1 3 2000 23 34 4 0 03679027 0 03921601 0 04022673 0 04063102 0 04063102 0 04083316 Open Input Detect Note The information in this section is highly technical It is not necessary for the routine operation of the CR3000 Summary An option to detect an open input such as a broken sensor or loose connection is available in the CR3000 The option is selected by appending a C to the Range code Using th...

Page 396: ...et cut cable end the open circuit may not be detected because the input capacitor discharges through external leakage to ground to a normal voltage within the settling time of the measurement This problem is worse when a long settling time is selected as more time is given for the input capacitors to discharge to a normal level If the open circuit is at the end of a very long cable the test pulse ...

Page 397: ...ground currents and the Seebeck effect Single ended measurements are susceptible to voltage drop at the ground terminal caused by return currents from another device that is powered from the CR3000 wiring panel such as another manufacturer s comms modem or a sensor that requires a lot of power Currents 5 mA are usually undesirable The error can be avoided by routing power grounds from these other ...

Page 398: ...ance Ratiometric measurements use an excitation voltage or current to excite the sensor during the measurement process Reversing excitation polarity also reduces offset voltage error Setting the RevEx parameter to True programs the measurement for excitation reversal Excitation reversal results in a polarity change of the measured voltage so that two measurements with opposite polarity can be subt...

Page 399: ...e to minimize the effects of offset voltages Offset Voltage Compensation Options CRBasic Measurement Instruction Input Reversal RevDiff True Excitation Reversal RevEx True Measure Offset During Measurement MeasOff True Measure Offset During Background Calibration RevDiff False RevEx False MeasOff False AM25T BrHalf BrHalf3W BrHalf4W BrFull BrFull6W Resistance TCDiff TCSe Therm107 Therm108 Therm109...

Page 400: ...four sub measurements into the reported measurement In cases of excitation reversal excitation time for each polarity is exactly the same to ensure that ionic sensors do not polarize with repetitive measurements Read More A white paper entitled The Benefits of Input Reversal and Excitation Reversal for Voltage Measurements is available at www campbellsci com Ground Reference Offset Voltage When Me...

Page 401: ...es see the technical paper Measurement Error Analysis soon available at www campbellsci com app notes Accuracy describes the difference between a measurement and the true value Many factors affect accuracy This section discusses the affect percent or reading offset and resolution have on the accuracy of the measurement of an analog voltage sensor signal Accuracy is defined as follows accuracy perc...

Page 402: ...ion As an example figure Voltage Measurement Accuracy Band Example p 354 shows changes in accuracy as input voltage changes on the 1000 and 5000 input ranges Percent of reading is the principle component so accuracy improves as input voltage decreases Offset is small but could be significant in applications wherein the sensor signal voltage is very small such as is encountered with thermocouples O...

Page 403: ...The following example illustrates the effect percent of reading and offset have on measurement accuracy The effect of offset is usually negligible on large signals Example Sensor signal voltage 5000 mV CRBasic measurement instruction VoltDiff Programmed input voltage range Range mV5000 5000 mV Input measurement reversal True CR3000 circuitry temperature 10 C Accuracy of the measurement is calculat...

Page 404: ...configuration that improves voltage measurements Figure PGIA with Input Signal Decomposition p 383 illustrates the common mode component Vcm and the differential mode component Vdm of a voltage signal Vcm is the average of the voltages on the V and V inputs So Vcm V V 2 or the voltage remaining on the inputs when Vdm 0 The total voltage on the V and V inputs is given as V Vcm Vdm 2 and VL Vcm Vdm ...

Page 405: ...uency switch closure The figure Switch Closure Pulse Sensor p 405 illustrates the basic internal circuit and the external connections of a switch closure pulse sensor The table Pulse Measurements Terminals and Programming p 406 summarizes available measurements terminals available for those measurements and the CRBasic instructions used The number of terminals configurable for pulse input is deter...

Page 406: ... counts PulseCount Low level ac Hz PulseCount Low level ac running average PulseCount High frequency counts PulseCount High frequency Hz PulseCount High frequency running average PulseCount Switch closure counts PulseCount Switch closure Hz PulseCount Switch closure running average PulseCount Calculated period TimerIO Calculated frequency TimerIO Time from edge on previous port TimerIO ...

Page 407: ...quency pulse measurements up to 250 kHz and edge counting up to 400 kHz The CMOS input buffer recognizes inputs 3 8 V as being high and inputs 1 2 V as being low Open collector bipolar transistors or open drain MOSFET sensors are typically measured as frequency sensors C terminals can be conditioned for open collector or open drain with an external pull up resistor as shown in figure Connecting Sw...

Page 408: ...instruction PulseCount Internal ac coupling is used to eliminate dc offset voltages of up to 0 5 Vdc C Terminals Low level ac signals cannot be measured directly by C terminals Refer to Pulse Input Modules List p 604 for information on peripheral terminal expansion modules available for converting low level ac signals to square wave signals 8 1 3 3 High Frequency Measurements High frequency square...

Page 409: ...als Maximum input frequency 1 kHz CRBasic instructions PulseCount TimerIO 8 1 3 3 1 Frequency Resolution Resolution of a frequency measurement made with the PulseCount instruction is calculated as where FR resolution of the frequency measurement Hz S scan interval of CRBasic program Resolution of a frequency measurement made with theTimerIO instruction is where FR frequency resolution of the measu...

Page 410: ...11 Hz FR 0 00011 Hz 8 1 3 3 2 Frequency Measurement Q A Q When more than one pulse is in a scan interval what does TimerIO return when configured for a frequency measurement Does it average the measured periods and compute the frequency from that f 1 T For example Scan 50 mSec 10 0 TimerIO WindSpd 11111111 00022000 60 Sec A In the background a 32 bit timer counter is saved each time the signal tra...

Page 411: ...t An internal 100 kΩ pull up resistor pulls an input to 5 Vdc with the switch open whereas a switch closure to ground pulls the input to 0 V An internal hardware debounce filter has a 3 3 ms time constant Connection configurations are illustrated in table Maximum input frequency 90 Hz CRBasic instruction PulseCount C Terminals Switch closure mode is a special case edge count function that measures...

Page 412: ...al are detected o Rising edge transition from 1 5 Vdc to 3 5 Vdc o Falling edge transition from 3 5 Vdc to 1 5 Vdc 8 1 3 7 Timer Input on I O NAN Conditions NAN is the result of a TimerIO measurement if one of the following occurs o Timeout expires o The signal frequency is too fast 3 KHz When a C terminal experiences a too fast frequency the CR3000 operating system disables the interrupt that is ...

Page 413: ...requency Hz p 542 so are usually measured using the PulseCount frequency output option Accuracy of PulseCount is limited by a small scan interval error of 3 ppm of scan interval 10 µs plus the measurement resolution error of 1 scan interval The sum is essentially 1 scan interval Use the LLAC4 p 604 module to convert non TTL level signals including low level ac signals to TTL levels for input into ...

Page 414: ...Open Collector on C Terminal 12 Vdc pull up Internal CR3000 circuitry that supports open collector and switch closure measurements FYI 8 1 3 8 1 Pay Attention to Specifications Pay attention to specifications Take time to understand the signal to be measured and compatible input terminals and CRBasic instructions TABLE Three Specifications Differing Between P and C Terminals p 415 compares ...

Page 415: ...rcuitry The metric for filter effectiveness is τ the filter time constant The higher the τ value the less noise that gets through the filter But the higher the τ value the lower the signal frequency must be to pass the detection thresholds Detection thresholds τ values and low level ac pulse input ranges are listed in TABLE Time Constants p 415 A deduction from the specifications is that while a C...

Page 416: ...erminal high frequency mode 1 2 P terminal switch closure mode 3300 C terminal high frequency mode 0 025 C terminal switch closure mode 0 025 Low Level Ac Pules Input Ranges Sine Wave Input mV RMS Maximum Frequency Hz 20 20 200 200 2000 10 000 5000 20 000 FIGURE 98 Amplitude reduction of pulse count waveform before and after 1 µs µs time constant filter ...

Page 417: ... cuts the lines of flux in the pickup coil the same frequency is induced on the signal wires in the cable connecting the sensor to the CR3000 or interface Measuring the resonant frequency by means of period averaging is the classic technique but Campbell Scientific has developed static and dynamic spectral analysis techniques VSPECT p 562 that produce superior noise rejection higher resolution dia...

Page 418: ...nsor signals For sensor amplitudes less than 20 mV peak to peak a dc blocking capacitor is recommended to center the signal at CR3000 ground threshold 0 Figure Input Conditioning Circuit for Period Averaging p 419 shows an example circuit A threshold other than zero results in offset voltage drift limited accuracy 10 mV and limited resolution 1 2 mV The minimum pulse width requirements increase ma...

Page 419: ...f the CS I O port for true RS 232 communications requires use of an interface device See Hardware Single Connection Comms Devices List p 611 If additional serial inputs are required serial input expansion modules can be connected See Serial I O Modules List p 605 Serial data are usually captured as text strings which are then parsed split up as defined in the CRBasic program Note When connecting s...

Page 420: ... from smart sensors to data acquisition units It is a simple protocol requiring only a single communication wire Typically the data acquisition unit also supplies power 12 Vdc and ground to the SDI 12 sensor SDI12Recorder instruction communicates with SDI 12 sensors on terminals configured for SDI 12 input See the table CR3000 Terminal Definitions p 60 to determine those terminals configurable for...

Page 421: ...sors requiring current excitation a 0 1 µf feed forward capacitor should be placed between the IX and IXR to prevent excessive ringing p 553 With this capacitor present a minimum of 3 ms is recommended for the SettlingTime parameter in the measurement instruction The capacitor simply connects between the IX terminal and the IXR terminal The capacitor has no polarity 8 1 8 3 Pulse Sensor Cabling Be...

Page 422: ...etwork administrators to synchronize CR3000 clocks and measurements in a CR3000 network Care should be taken when a clock change operation is planned Any time the CR3000 clock is changed the deviation of the new time from the old time may be sufficient to cause a skipped record in data tables Any command used to synchronize clocks should be executed after any CallTable instructions and timed so as...

Page 423: ...taneously Each will set its clock with a single PakBus broadcast from the master Each datalogger in the network must be programmed with a PakBusClock instruction Note Use of PakBus clock functions re synchronizes the Scan instruction Use should not exceed once per minute CR3000 clocks drift at a slow enough rate that a ClockReport once per minute should be sufficient to keep clocks within 30 ms of...

Page 424: ...rements of the sensors The 5V terminal is internally regulated to within 4 which is good regulation as a power source but typically not adequate for bridge sensor excitation TABLE Current Sourcing Limits p 424 lists the current limits of 12V and 5V terminals Greatly reduced output voltages on these terminals may occur if the current limits are exceeded See Terminals Configured for Control p 428 fo...

Page 425: ...ons that control voltage excitation include the following BrFull BrFull6W BrHalf BrHalf3W BrHalf4W ExciteV Note Square wave ac excitation for use with polarizing bridge sensors is configured with the RevEx parameter of the bridge instructions 8 2 2 Switched Current Excitation IX Terminals Three switched current output terminals IX1 IX2 and IX3 each used in conjunction with a common return IXR term...

Page 426: ...propylene capacitors for the sampling capacitor which have the lowest dielectric absorption of commonly available capacitors yet the effect is still noticeable for large step changes in the CAO output voltage Hence a default 2 6 ms charge time is employed in the CAO instruction to minimize dielectric absorption errors following CAO voltage step changes Using fast update see FastUpdate parameter in...

Page 427: ...7 Switched Voltage Output Specifications Switched Voltage Output Overview p 62 Switched Voltage Output Details p 424 Current Source and Sink Limits p 424 The CR3000 can control instruments and devices such as the following Wireless cellular modem to conserve power GPS receiver to conserve power Trigger a water sampler to collect a sample Trigger a camera to take a picture Activate an audio or visu...

Page 428: ...ne off EndIf TimeIsBetween returns TRUE for the entire interval specified whereas TimeIntoInterval returns TRUE only for the one scan that matches the interval specified For example using the preceding code snips if the CRBasic program is sent to the datalogger at one minute past the hour the TimeIsBetween instruction will evaluate as TRUE on its first scan The TimeIntoInterval instruction will ev...

Page 429: ... expand the CR3000 input and output capacities Some peripherals are designed as SDM synchronous devices for measurement or CDM CPI devices for measurement SDM and CDM devices are intelligent peripherals that receive instruction from and send data to the CR3000 using proprietary communication protocols through SDM terminals and CPI interfaces The following sections discuss peripherals according to ...

Page 430: ...rol A switched 12 Vdc terminal SW12V is also available See Switched Unregulated Nominal 12 Volt p 426 8 4 3 1 Relays and Relay Drivers Read More See Relay Drivers Modules List p 608 Several relay drivers are manufactured by Campbell Scientific Compatible inexpensive and reliable single channel relay drivers for a wide range of loads are also available from electronic vendors such as Crydom Newark ...

Page 431: ...ore information see Pulse Input Modules List p 604 Pulse input expansion modules are available for switch closure state pulse count and frequency measurements and interval timing 8 4 4 1 Low Level Ac Input Modules Overview Related Topics Low Level Ac Input Modules Overview p 431 Low Level Ac Measurements Details p 407 Pulse Input Modules List p 604 ...

Page 432: ...s for measurement of analog current sensors 8 4 7 Vibrating Wire Modules Read More For complete information see Vibrating Wire Modules List p 605 Vibrating wire modules interface vibrating wire transducers to the CR3000 8 5 Datalogger Support Software Details Related Topics Datalogger Support Software Quickstart p 41 Datalogger Support Software Overview p 90 Datalogger Support Software Details p 4...

Page 433: ...n of LoggerNet Remote The Windows based client applications in LoggerNet Remote are run on a separate computer and are used to manage the LoggerNet Linux server VISUALWEATHER Weather Station Software supports Campbell Scientific weather stations Version 3 0 or higher supports custom weather stations or the ET107 ET106 and MetData1 pre configured weather stations The software allows you to initiali...

Page 434: ...e terrestrial radio satellite or restricted cellular data plans Q Does my CR3000 support Gzip A Version 25 of the standard CR3000 operating system supports receipt of Gzip compressed program files and OSs Q How do I Gzip a program or operating system A Many utilities are available for the creation of a Gzip file This document specifically addresses the use of 7 Zip File Manager 7 Zip is a free ope...

Page 435: ...mand in the datalogger support software p 90 Compressed programs can also be sent using HTTP PUT to the CR3000 web server The CR3000 will not automatically decompress and use compressed files sent with File Control FTP or a low level OS download however these files can be manually decompressed by marking as Run Now using File Control FileManage and HTTP Note Compression has little effect on an enc...

Page 436: ...or tampering The following may be reasons to concern yourself with datalogger security Collection of sensitive data Operation of critical systems Networks accessible by many individuals If you are concerned about security especially TCP IP threats you should send the latest operating system to the CR3000 disable un used services and secure those that are used Security actions to take may include t...

Page 437: ...e powering up a CR3000 will cause it to abort loading a program and provides a 120 second window to begin changing or disabling security codes in the settings editor not Status table with the keyboard display o Keyboard display security bypass does not allow comms access without first correcting the security code LoggerNet o All datalogger functions and data are easily accessed via RS 232 and Ethe...

Page 438: ...However any serious hacker with physical access to the datalogger or to the comms hardware can with only minimal trouble overcome the five digit pass codes Systems adequately secured with pass code lockouts are probably limited to the following Private non IP radio networks Direct links hardwire RS 232 short haul multidrop fiber optic Non IP satellite Land line non IP based telephone where the tel...

Page 439: ...o unlocks levels 2 and 3 Functions affected by each level of security are Level 1 Collecting data setting the clock and setting variables in the Public table are unrestricted requiring no security code If Security1 code is entered read write values in the Status table can be changed and the datalogger program can be changed or retrieved Level 2 Data collection is unrestricted requiring no security...

Page 440: ...nfig p 113 and which resides on the CPU drive of the CR3000 It contains credentials usernames and passwords required to access datalogger functions over IP comms See CRBasic Editor Help subject Web Service API for details concerning the csipasswd file 8 7 3 2 PakBus Instructions The following CRBasic PakBus instructions have provisions for password protection ModemCallBack SendVariable SendGetVari...

Page 441: ...py of the original file in PC memory The encrypted file is named after the original but the name is appended with _enc The original file remains intact The FileEncrypt instruction encrypts files already in CR3000 memory The encrypted file overwrites and takes the name of the original The Encryption instruction encrypts the contents of a file with AES128 encryption and decrypts a file created with ...

Page 442: ... to display a value in numeric display Connect or RTMC or on a CR1000KD but not allow the person viewing it to make changes Var can be viewed and changed Reg and Coil can only be viewed The CRBasic program can read from and write to all variables Public Var Public Reg 4 Coil 4 as Boolean ReadOnly Reg Coil 8 8 Memory Details Related Topics Memory Overview p 93 Memory Details p 442 Data Storage Devi...

Page 443: ...erating System Flash Memory2 Operating system Serial number Board revision Boot code Erased when loading new OS Boot code erased only if changed Internal Serial Flash3 Status CPUDriveFree p 579 Device settings PakBus address and settings station name Rebuilt when a setting changes CPU drive program files field calibration files other files not frequently overwritten When a program is compiled and ...

Page 444: ...s that overwrite memory should use the CRD or USR drives to minimize wear of the CPU drive CR3000 SRAM Memory Use Comments Static Memory Operational memory used by the operating system Rebuilt at power up program re compile and watchdog events Operating Settings and Properties Keep p 543 memory Stores settings such as PakBus address station name beacon intervals neighbor lists etc Also stores dyna...

Page 445: ... use is to expand final storage memory p 539 but it is also used to store JPG cr3 and DAT files 1 The CPU and USR drives use the FAT32 file system There is no limit beyond practicality and available memory to the number of files that can be stored While a FAT file system is subject to fragmentation performance degradation is not likely to be noticed since the drive has a relatively small amount of...

Page 446: ...ry will probably result 8 8 1 1 3 USR Drive SRAM can be partitioned to create a FAT32 USR drive analogous to partitioning a second drive on a PC hard disk Certain types of files are stored to USR to reserve limited CPU memory for datalogger programs and calibration files Partitioning also helps prevent interference from data table SRAM USR is configured using DevConfig settings or SetStatus instru...

Page 447: ...wn in datalogger support software File Control p 539 window 8 8 1 1 4 USB Drive USB drive uses Flash p 540 memory on a Campbell Scientific mass storage device See Mass Storage Devices List p 613 Its primary purpose is the storage of ASCII data files Measurement data can be stored on USB as discrete files by using the TableFile instruction See Table TableFile Instruction Data File Formats p 449 Cau...

Page 448: ...le will show the size of the table on the card If the card is removed the size of the table in SRAM is shown When a new program is compiled that sends data to the memory card the CR3000 checks if a card is present and if the card has adequate space for the data tables If no card is present or if space is inadequate the CR3000 will warn that the card is not being used However the CRBasic program ru...

Page 449: ...fast flashing orange Program contains CardOut or TableFile with Option 64 Card not present at power up Card inserted after power up If all goes well CardStatus will change to Card OK and CardBytesFree p 578 will be 0 8 8 2 Data File Formats Data file format options are available with the TableFile instruction Time series data have an option to include header time stamp and record number See the ta...

Page 450: ...A5 15 TOA5 161 CSIXML 17 CSIXML 18 CSIXML 19 CSIXML 321 CSIJSON 33 CSIJSON 34 CSIJSON 35 CSIJSON 642 TOB3 1 Formats compatible with datalogger support software p 90 data viewing and graphing utilities 2 See Writing High Frequency Data to Memory Cards p 217 for more information on using option 64 Data File Format Examples TOB1 TOB1 files may contain an ASCII header and binary data The last line in ...

Page 451: ...0 8 CSIXML CSIXML files contain header information and data in an XML p 563 format Example xml version 1 0 standalone yes csixml version 1 0 head environment station name 11467 station name table name Test table name model CR1000 model serial no 11467 serial no os version CR1000 Std 20 os version dld name CPU file format CR1 dld name environment fields field name battfivoltfiMin type xsd float pro...

Page 452: ...model name CR3000 serial number OS version CRBasic program name program signature data table name Line 2 Data Field Names Lists the name of individual data fields If the field is an element of an array the name will be followed by a comma separated list of subscripts within parentheses that identifies the array index For example a variable named values that is declared as a two by two array i e Pu...

Page 453: ...s CRD drive and internal memory CPU keep copies of data tables in binary TOB3 format Collectible numbers of records for both CRD and CPU are reported in DataRecordSize entries in the Status table 2 In the table definitions advertised to datalogger support software p 90 the CR3000 advertises the greater of the number of records recorded in the Status table if the tables are not fill and stop 3 If e...

Page 454: ...records displays them in the Status table and advertises a new table definition to the datalogger support software Further if the table is storing relatively fast there might be some additional records already stored in the CPU buffer before final data storage stops altogether resulting in a few more records than advertised able to be collected For example on a CR3000 storing a four byte value at ...

Page 455: ...ginning with CR3000 operating system v 16 settings and fields in the Status table are preserved when sending a subsequent operating system by this method data tables are erased Rely on this feature only with an abundance of caution when sending an OS to CR3000s in remote expensive to get to or difficult to access locations 8 8 4 2 Program Send Reset Final storage p 539 data are erased when user pr...

Page 456: ... Scientific mass storage device or memory card4 5 web API p 475 HTTPPut Sending a File to a Datalogger Setting program file attributes See File Attributes p 457 File Control2 power up with Campbell Scientific mass storage device or memory card5 FileManage instruction6 web API FileControl Sending an OS to the CR3000 Reset CR3000 settings DevConfig3 Send OS tab DevConfig3 File Control tab Campbell S...

Page 457: ... command 8 Not intended to copy tables already written to the card Allow the copy of all other tables to either SC115 or card A simple data copy no format choice number or records choice etc Format will be TOA5 with _toa5 appended to table name upon successful transfer You can copy individual files or select the All Tables option again this is all tables not already written to the card so no CardO...

Page 458: ...up ini commands 6 14 see table Powerup ini Commands p 462 However if the external storage device remains connected the program loads again from the external storage device 1 Support software program Send p 539 command See software Help 2 Support software File Control p 539 See software Help Preserving Data at Program Send p 180 3 Automatic on power up of CR3000 with Campbell Scientific mass storag...

Page 459: ...files are to be retained but a copy of one file whose name never changes is also needed The second instance of the file can also be serialized and used when a number of files are to be saved to different drives Entering 3212 as the PakBus address activates storing IP trace information to a file The number of files parameter specifies the size of the file The file is a ring file so the newest traci...

Page 460: ...3 or CRD p 613 drive Steps to download the new OS or CRBasic program from an external memory drive are 1 Place a text file named powerup ini with appropriate commands entered in the file on the external memory device along with the new OS or CRBasic program file 2 Connect the external device to the CR3000 and then cycle power to the datalogger This simple process results in the file uploading to t...

Page 461: ... for the uploaded programs its presence on a drive does not allow those file attributes to control the power up process To avoid confusion either remove the external drive on which powerup ini resides or delete the file after the power up operation is complete 8 8 5 4 1 Creating and Editing Powerup ini Powerup ini is created with a text editor on a PC then saved on a memory drive of the CR3000 The...

Page 462: ...attribute to Run Always Data on a CF card from the previously running program will be preserved if table structures have not changed See Preserving Data at Program Send p 180 2 Run on power up Copies a program file to a drive and sets the run attribute to Run Always unless command 6 or 14 is used to set a separate Run Now program See Preserving Data at Program Send p 180 5 Format Formats a drive 6...

Page 463: ...nd variables Example Power up ini Files Code format and syntax Command numeric power up command File file associated with the action Device device to which File is copied Defaults to CPU Command File Device 13 Write2CRD_2 cr1 cpu Run Program on Power up Copy program file pwrup cr1 from the external drive to CPU File will run only when CR3000 powered up later 2 pwrup cr1 cpu Format the USR drive 5 ...

Page 464: ... run as a program or FTP transferred in the CR3000 is 59 characters If the name is longer than 59 characters an Invalid Filename error is displayed If several files are stored each with a long filename memory allocated to the root directory can be exceeded before the actual memory of storing files is exceeded When this occurs an insufficient resources or memory full error is displayed 8 8 7 File S...

Page 465: ...18 Device does not support this operation 19 Bad function argument supplied 20 Seek out of file bounds 21 Trying to mkdir an existing dir 22 Bad partition sector signature 23 Unexpected system ID byte in partition entry 24 Path already open 25 Access to uninitialized ram drive 26 Attempted rename across devices 27 Subdirectory is not empty 31 Attempted write to Write Protected disk 32 No response ...

Page 466: ...ms in the context of CR3000 operation is the movement of information between the CR3000 and another computing device usually a PC The information can be data program files or control commands 8 9 1 Protocols The CR3000 communicates with datalogger support software p 90 and other Campbell Scientific dataloggers p 603 using the PakBus p 548 protocol See Alternate Comms Protocols p 468 for informatio...

Page 467: ... 615 However some applications require the CR3000 to call back the PC initiate comms This feature is called Callback Special LoggerNet p 615 features enable the PC to receive calls from the CR3000 For example if a fruit grower wants a frost alarm the CR3000 can contact him by calling a PC sending an email text message or page or calling him with synthesized voice over telephone Callback has been u...

Page 468: ...ics TCP IP Overview TCP IP Details p 468 TCP IP Links List p 612 The following TCP IP protocols are supported by the CR3000 when using network links p 612 that use the resident IP stack or when using a cell modem with the PPP IP key enabled The following sections include information on some of these protocols DHCP DNS FTP HTML HTTP Micro serial server Modbus TCP IP NTCIP NTP PakBus over TCP IP Pin...

Page 469: ...of IP addresses available for assignment the CR3000 will automatically request and obtain an IP address through the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP Once the address is assigned use DevConfig PakBusGraph Connect or the CR1000KD Keyboard Display to look in the CR3000 Status table to see the assigned IP address This is shown under the field name IPInfo 8 10 1 3 DNS The CR3000 provides a Doma...

Page 470: ...tp ipaddress 80 Note Port 80 is implied if the port is not otherwise specified As shown in figure Preconfigured HTML Home Page p 470 this page provides links to the newest record in all tables including the Status table Public table and data tables Links are also provided for the last 24 records in each data table If fewer than 24 records have been stored in a data table the link will display all ...

Page 471: ...arks CHR 34 is used while regular quotation marks are used to define the beginning and end of alphanumeric strings inside the parentheses of the HTTPOut instruction For additional information see the CRBasic Editor Help In this example program the default home page is replaced by using WebPageBegin to create a file called default html The new default home page created by the program appears as sho...

Page 472: ... support software A second web page is created that contains links to the CR3000 data tables NOTE The _ character used at the end of some lines allows a code statement to be wrapped to the next line Dim Commands As String 200 Public Time 9 RefTemp Public Minutes As String Seconds As String Temperature As String DataTable CRTemp True 1 DataInterval 0 1 Min 10 Sample 1 RefTemp FP2 Average 1 RefTemp ...

Page 473: ...ble a p HTTPOut p a href CHR 34 command NewestRecord table Public CHR 34 _ Current Record from Public Table a p HTTPOut p a href CHR 34 command NewestRecord table Status CHR 34 _ Current Record from Status Table a p HTTPOut br p a href CHR 34 default html CHR 34 Back to the Home Page _ a p HTTPOut body HTTPOut html WebPageEnd BeginProg Scan 1 Sec 3 0 PanelTemp RefTemp 250 RealTime Time Minutes For...

Page 474: ...ers is found in Network Links List p 612 8 10 1 10 Ping IP Ping can be used to verify that the IP address for the network device connected to the CR3000 is reachable To use the Ping tool open a command prompt on a computer connected to the network and type in ping xxx xxx xxx xxx Enter where xxx xxx xxx xxx is the IP address of the network device connected to the CR3000 8 10 1 11 SNMP Simple Netwo...

Page 475: ...ions by means of changing the value of a variable Set variables flags ports Clock Functions Clock functions allow a web client to monitor and set the host CR3000 real time clock Read the Time Syntax section for more information Set CR3000 clock File Management Web API commands allow a web client to manage files on host CR3000 memory drives Camera image files are examples of collections often needi...

Page 476: ...n from serial sensors Because Modbus uses a common bus and addresses each node field instruments are effectively multiplexed to a CR3000 without additional hardware A CR3000 goes into sleep mode after 40 seconds of communication inactivity Once asleep two packets are required before the CR3000 will respond The first packet awakens the CR3000 the second packet is received as data This would make a ...

Page 477: ...gnored and so are assigned together to a single Dim or Public variable array read write Term holding registers 40001 to 49999 Hold values resulting from a programming action Holding registers in the Modbus domain are read write In the Campbell Scientific domain the leading digit in Modbus registers is ignored and so are assigned together to a single Dim or Public variable array read write Term RTU...

Page 478: ...30001 to 300401 1 Because of byte number differences each CR3000 domain variable translates to two Modbus domain input holding registers 8 10 3 2 2 CRBasic Instructions Modbus Complete descriptions and options of commands are available in CRBasic Editor Help ModbusMaster Sets up a CR3000 as a Modbus master to send or retrieve data from a Modbus slave Syntax ModbusMaster ResultCode ComPort BaudRate...

Page 479: ...ny function codes CR3000 commands support the following Supported Modbus Function Codes Code Name Description 01 Read coil port status Reads the on off status of discrete output s in the ModBusSlave 02 Read input status Reads the on off status of discrete input s in the ModBusSlave 03 Read holding registers Reads the binary contents of holding register s in the ModBusSlave 04 Read input registers ...

Page 480: ...nds When the CR3000 is acting as a slave device it typically responds very quickly The default timeout in a master device polling the CR3000 will typically not need adjustment from the default When the CR3000 is acting as a master the response time of a slave needs particular attention The best practice is to monitor the communication between the CR3000 and the slave device with the comms sniffer ...

Page 481: ...y and other registers writable A Yes By default all registers mapped to ModbusSlave are writable You may make individual registers read only with the ReadOnly instruction in the CR3000 CRBasic program The following example demonstrates how to report data by Modbus but not allow a Modbus client to change register or coil values in the Modbus host Var can be viewed and changed Reg and Coil can only ...

Page 482: ...ong Variable to hold the combined 32 bit Public Register 2 As Long Array holds two 16 bit ModBus long variables Register 1 Least Significant Word Register 2 Most Significant Word Public Result Holds the result of the ModBus master query Aliases used for clarification Alias Register 1 Register_LSW Least significant word Alias Register 2 Register_MSW Most significant word BeginProg If you use the nu...

Page 483: ...ock and Shift are characters printed in blue To enter one of these characters press Shift one to three times to select the position of the character as shown above the key then press the key For example to enter Y press Shift Shift Shift PgDn To insert a space Spc or change case Cap press Shift one to two times for the position then press BkSpc To insert a character not printed on the keyboard ent...

Page 484: ...te character to the left Shift Change alpha character selected Num Lock Change to numeric entry Del Delete When pressed during power up Del changes the PPP interface to inactive only if set as RS232 This allows you to get into RS232 for PakBus if PPP is keeping you out Ins Insert change graph configuration Graph Graph FIGURE 109 Keyboard and Display Navigation ...

Page 485: ...Section 8 Operation 485 8 11 2 Data Display FIGURE 110 Keyboard and Display Displaying Data ...

Page 486: ...ables and Graphs 8 11 2 2 Real Time Custom The CR1000KD Keyboard Display can be configured with a customized real time display The CR3000 will keep the setup as long as the defining program is running Read More Custom menus can also be programmed See Displaying Data Custom Menus Details p 222 ...

Page 487: ...Section 8 Operation 487 FIGURE 112 CR1000KD Real Time Custom ...

Page 488: ...Section 8 Operation 488 8 11 2 3 Final Storage Data FIGURE 113 Keyboard and Display Final Storage Data ...

Page 489: ...Section 8 Operation 489 8 11 3 Run Stop Program FIGURE 114 Keyboard and Display Run Stop Program ...

Page 490: ... and editing datalogger programs When making minor changes with the CR1000KD Keyboard Display restart the program to activate the changes but be aware that unless programmed for otherwise all variables etc will be reset Remember that the only copy of changes is in the CR3000 until the program is retrieved using datalogger support software or removable memory ...

Page 491: ...Section 8 Operation 491 FIGURE 116 Keyboard and Display File Edit ...

Page 492: ...ection 8 Operation 492 8 11 5 PCCard Memory Card Management FIGURE 117 Keyboard and Display PCCard Memory Card Management 8 11 6 Port Status and Status Table Read More See Info Tables and Settings p 567 ...

Page 493: ...Section 8 Operation 493 FIGURE 118 Keyboard and Display Port Status and Status Table 8 11 7 Settings FIGURE 119 Keyboard and Display Settings ...

Page 494: ...press Enter to change it After modifying press Enter to apply the change 8 11 8 Configure Display FIGURE 120 Keyboard and Display Configure Display 8 12 CPI Port and CDM Devices Details Related Topics CPI Port and CDM Devices Overview p 66 CPI Port and CDM Devices Details p 494 See Appendix C in CDM VW300 Dynamic Vibrating Wire Analyzers instruction manual which is available at www campbellsci com...

Page 495: ...Section 8 Operation 495 Low power standby whenever possible Low power bus sets bus and modules to low power ...

Page 496: ......

Page 497: ...ccant should be placed in the instrumentation enclosure to provide added protection 9 2 Internal Battery Details CAUTION Fire explosion and severe burn hazard Misuse or improper installation of the internal lithium battery can cause severe injury Do not recharge disassemble heat above 100 C 212 F solder directly to the cell incinerate or expose contents to water Dispose of spent lithium batteries ...

Page 498: ...ation logs relearned without user intervention o Time Clock will need resetting when the battery is replaced o Final memory data tables A replacement lithium battery can be purchased from Campbell Scientific or another supplier Table Internal Lithium Battery Specifications p 498 lists battery part numbers and key specifications Internal Lithium Battery Specifications Manufacturer Tadiran Tadiran M...

Page 499: ...e CR3000 and remove it from the base If the CR3000 has a battery base carefully disconnect the internal power plug that connects the base to the CR3000 module FIGURE 122 Remove Back Cover Retainer Screw Invert the module onto a non abrasive surface Remove the five cover retainer screws Carefully remove the cover Gentle use of a small flat point screwdriver to work the cover out of its seat may hel...

Page 500: ...fset Voltage Compensation p 347 Factory Calibration p 89 Factory Calibration or Repair Procedure p 500 If sending the CR3000 to Campbell Scientific for calibration or repair consult first with a Campbell Scientific support engineer If the CR3000 is malfunctioning be prepared to perform some troubleshooting procedures while on the phone with the support engineer Many problems can be resolved with a...

Page 501: ...IC INC RMA _____ 815 West 1800 North Logan Utah 84321 1784 For all returns the customer must fill out a Statement of Product Cleanliness and Decontamination form and comply with the requirements specified in it The form is available from our web site at www campbellsci com repair A completed form must be either emailed to repair campbellsci com or faxed to 435 227 9106 Campbell Scientific is unabl...

Page 502: ......

Page 503: ...re you for the field visit Product documentation in a reliable format and easily readable at the installation site Sun glare dust and moisture often make electronic media difficult to use and unreliable 10 2 Troubleshooting Basic Procedure 1 Check the voltage of the primary power source at the POWER IN terminals on the face of the CR3000 2 Check wires and cables for the following o Loose connectio...

Page 504: ...verification which is use of outside references to verify the function of dis function of a component of the system For example a multimeter is an independent measurement device that can be used to check sensor signal sensor resistance power supplies cable continuity excitation and control outputs and so forth A very good place to start looking for trouble is in the data produced by the system At ...

Page 505: ... fields and provides some insights as to how to use the information in troubleshooting Review Status Table as Debug Resource p 510 Many of these errors match up with like sounding errors in the Station Status utility in datalogger support software 10 5 Troubleshooting CRBasic Programs Analyze data soon after deployment to ensure the CR3000 is measuring and storing data as intended Most measurement...

Page 506: ...iscrepancies are often the cause Neither CRBasic Editor nor the CR3000 compiler attempt to check whether the CR3000 is fast enough to do all that the program specifies in the time allocated If a program is tight on time look further at the execution times Check the measurement and processing times in the Status table MeasureTime ProcessTime MaxProcTime for all scans then try experimenting with the...

Page 507: ...rce a NAN result for open floating inputs 10 5 3 1 2 SDI 12 Measurements NAN is loaded into the first SDI12Recorder variable under the following conditions CR3000 is busy with terminal commands When the command is an invalid command When the sensor aborts with CR LF and there is no data When 0 is returned for the number of values in response to the M or C command 10 5 3 2 Floating Point Math NAN a...

Page 508: ...ble is used as the source the final memory word when sampled as UINT2 is stored as 0 Math Expressions and CRBasic Results Expression CRBasic Expression Result 0 0 0 0 NAN 1 0 1 0 NAN 1 1 1 0 NAN 0 0 1 1 0 NAN 1 0 1 0 NAN 1 1 1 0 NAN 0 0 1 0 NAN x 0 1 0 INF x 0 1 0 INF x 0 1 0 INF x 0 1 0 INF 0 1 0 0 INF 0 0 1 0 0 00 0 0 1 ...

Page 509: ...47483647 INF TRUE TRUE 2147483647 0 0 NAN NAN NAN 03 2147483648 NAN TRUE TRUE 2147483648 1 Except Average outputs NAN 2 Except Average outputs 0 3 65535 in operating systems prior to v 28 10 5 3 4 Output Processing and NAN When a measurement or process results in NAN any output process with DisableVar FALSE that includes an NAN measurement For example Average 1 TC_TempC FP2 False will result in NA...

Page 510: ... TypeT TC_RefC True 0 250 1 0 0 DisVar Filter If TC_TempC NAN Then DisVar True Else DisVar False EndIf Call Data Tables and Store Data CallTable TempC_Data NextScan EndProg 10 5 4 Status Table as Debug Resource Related Topics Info Tables and Settings p 567 Common Uses of the Status Table p 569 Status Table as Debug Resource p 510 Consult the CR3000 Status table when developing a program or when a ...

Page 511: ...port any occurrence of this error to a Campbell Scientific support engineer especially if the problem is reproducible Any program generating these errors is unlikely to be running correctly Examples of some of the more common warning messages are listed in table Warning Message Examples p 511 Warning Message Examples Message Meaning CPU DEFAULT CR1 Compiled in PipelineMode Error s in CPU NewProg C...

Page 512: ...can 1 will skip scans if running with Scan 1 SlowSequence scan rate is main scan rate This will cause skipped scans on the SlowSequence Warning Table tablename is declared but never called No data will be stored in tablename because there is no CallTable instruction in the program that references that table Warning Units a_units_name_that_is_more_than _38_chara too long will be truncated to 38 cha...

Page 513: ...ata including cycling power to the CR3000 10 5 4 5 ProgErrors Should be 0 If not investigate 10 5 4 6 MemoryFree A number less than 4 kB is too small and may lead to memory buffer related errors 10 5 4 7 VarOutOfBounds Related Topics Declaring Arrays p 144 VarOutOfBounds p 513 When programming with variable arrays care must be taken to match the array size to the demands of the program For example...

Page 514: ... 523 Operating system problem Hardware problem Watchdog errors may cause comms disruptions which can make diagnosis and remediation difficult The CR1000KD Keyboard Display will often work as a user interface when comms fail Information on CR3000 crashes may be found in three places WatchdogErrors p 593 field in the Status table Watchdog txt file on the CPU drive p 446 Some time may elapse between ...

Page 515: ...xactly what is connected to the port and at what baud rate and frequency how often the port is communicating are valuable pieces of information 10 6 Troubleshooting Operating Systems Updating the CR3000 operating system will sometimes fix a problem Operating systems are available free of charge at www campbellsci com downloads Operating systems undergo extensive testing prior to release by a profe...

Page 516: ...ulator you should be able to type a character on the PC keyboard and have it show up on the terminal emulator screen If it does not show up you either have the wrong com port selected in the terminal emulator set up or there may be some other program commandeering the serial port Baud rate mis match between the CR3000 and datalogger support software p 90 is often the cause of communication problem...

Page 517: ... Supplies Overview Power supply systems may include batteries charging regulators and a primary power source such as solar panels or ac ac or ac dc transformers attached to mains power All components may need to be checked if the power supply is not functioning properly Check connections Check polarity of connections Base diagnostic connect the datalogger to a new 12 V battery a small 12 V battery...

Page 518: ... o Charger regulators o Solar panels o Transformers Likely causes o Batteries may need to be replaced or recharged o Charger regulators may need to be fixed or re calibrated o Solar panels or transformers may need to be fixed or replaced 10 9 3 Troubleshooting Power Supplies Procedures Required Equipment o Voltmeter o 5 kΩ resistor o 50 Ω 1 watt resistor for the charging circuit tests and to adjus...

Page 519: ...tery batteries No Yes Yes Recharge battery Is the battery voltage 12 Vdc Battery voltage is adequate for CR3000 operation However if the CR3000 is to function for a long period Campbell Scientific recommends replacing or if using a sealed rechargeable battery recharging the battery so the voltage is 12 Vdc No Yes The battery is good When using a sealed rechargeable battery that is recharged with p...

Page 520: ... 12V terminal and a G ground terminal on the charging regulator 2 Switch the power switch to ON 3 Measure the dc voltage across the resistor Is the measured voltage 13 3 to 14 1 V Measure the voltage between the two pins in a battery connection receptacle Is the voltage 10 0 to 15 5 Vdc No No Yes Yes 50 Ω Load Test 1 Switch the power switch to OFF 2 Disconnect the power source transformer solar pa...

Page 521: ...transformer is damaged and should be replaced No No Yes Yes Reconnect the power source transformer solar panel to the CHG terminals on the charging regulator Measure the voltage between the two CHG terminals Is the voltage 17 Vdc Vac No Yes 5 kΩ Load Test 1 Place a 5 kΩ resistor between a 12V terminal and a G ground terminal on the charging regulator 2 Switch the power switch to ON 3 Measure the d...

Page 522: ...URE Potentiometer R3 on PS100 and CH100 Charging Regulators p 523 so that voltage across the 5 kΩ resistor is 13 3 Vdc Can the output voltage be set to 13 3 V No Yes 50 Ω Load Test 1 Switch the power switch to OFF 2 Disconnect the power source transformer solar panel 3 Remove the 5 kΩ resistor 4 Place a 50 Ω 1 W resistor between a 12V terminal and a G ground terminal on the charging regulator 5 Re...

Page 523: ... a terminal emulator program Terminal emulator programs are available in Campbell Scientific datalogger support software p 90 Terminal Emulator p 559 window DevConfig Campbell Scientific Device Configuration Utility Software Terminal tab HyperTerminal Beginning with Windows Vista HyperTerminal or another terminal emulator utility must be acquired and installed separately As shown in figure DevConf...

Page 524: ...d as non error checked ASCII 9 Read inloc binary Lists binary form of Public table A Operating system copyright Lists copyright notice and version of operating system B Task sequencer op codes Technical data regarding the task sequencer C Modify constant table Edit constants defined with ConstTable EndConstTable Only active when ConstTable EndConstTable in the active program D MTdbg task monitor C...

Page 525: ...haracters are not echoed printed on terminal screen SDI12 SDI12 talk through Issue commands from keyboard that are passed through the CR3000 SDI 12 port to the connected device Similar in concept to Serial Talk Through T Unused U Data recovery Provides the means by which data lost when a new program is loaded may be recovered See section Troubleshooting Data Recovery p 526 for details V Low level ...

Page 526: ...ny currently running terminal function including the comms watch will immediately stop So in programs that frequently open and close a serial port the probability is higher that a non PakBus character will arrive at the closed serial port thus closing an existing talk through or comms watch session If this occurs the FileManager setting to send comms watch or sniffer to a file is immune to this pr...

Page 527: ...stroyed only lost track of So the wizard recovers data from the entire memory whether or not that memory has been written to or written to recently Once you have run through the recovery procedure consider the following If a CRD drive memory card or a USB drive Campbell Scientific mass storage device has been removed since the data was originally stored then the Datalogger Data Recovery is run the...

Page 528: ...to collect data from the CR3000 before rebooting as there is a good chance data will be lost during the process If you can connect using DevConfig try to save CR3000 settings Reboot manually in terminal mode p 523 REBOOT Reboot under program control with Restart instruction Reboot under program control with Restart instruction Public Reboot BeginProg Scan If Reboot Then Reboot false Restart EndIf ...

Page 529: ...s of a power consuming device Term analog Data presented as continuously variable electrical signals Term argument Parameter p 548 part of a procedure or command definition Argument p 529 part of a procedure call or command execution An argument is placed in a parameter For example in the CRBasic command Battery dest dest is a parameter that defines what argument is to be put in its place in a CRB...

Page 530: ...ignate the beginning and ending points of the information see synchronous p 558 Indicates the sending and receiving devices are not synchronized using a clock signal Term AWG AWG gauge is the accepted unit when identifying wire diameters Larger AWG values indicate smaller cross sectional diameter wires Smaller AWG values indicate large diameter wires For example a 14 AWG wire is often used for gro...

Page 531: ...rts Term burst Refers to a burst of measurements Analogous to a burst of light a burst of measurements is intense such that it features a series of measurements in rapid succession and is not continuous Term calibration wizard The calibration wizard facilitates the use of the CRBasic field calibration instructions FieldCal and FieldCalStrain It is found in LoggerNet 4 0 or higher or RTDAQ Term Cal...

Page 532: ...button Button or command in datalogger support software that facilitates collection on demand of final data memory This feature is found in PC200W PC400 LoggerNet and RTDAQ software Term COM port COM is a generic name given to physical and virtual serial communication ports Term CompactFlash CompactFlash CF is a memory card technology used in some Campbell Scientific card storage modules CompactFl...

Page 533: ...ple a common household ac power receptacle is the female portion of a connector The plug at the end of a lamp power cord is the male portion of the connector See terminal p 559 Term constant A packet of CR3000 memory given an alpha numeric name and assigned a fixed number Term control I O C terminals configured for controlling or monitoring a device Term CoraScript CoraScript is a command line int...

Page 534: ...ual to 2 5 times the CVI the device will send up to four Hellos If no response is received the neighbor is removed from the neighbor list See the section PakBus Overview p 82 for more information Term data cache The data cache is a set of binary files kept on the hard disk of the computer running the datalogger support software p 535 A binary file is created for each table in each datalogger These...

Page 535: ...0 Memory Allocation p 443 The data table structure also resides in the data cache p 534 in discrete data files on the CPU USR CRD and USB memory drives and in binary or ASCII files that result from collecting final storage memory with datalogger support software p 535 Term data output interval Alias output interval The interval between each write of a record p 551 to a final storage memory data ta...

Page 536: ...r and function of an RS 232 port The RS 232 port on the CR3000 is DCE Interfacing a DCE device to a DCE device requires a null modem cable See DTE p 537 Term desiccant A hygroscopic material that absorbs water vapor from the surrounding air When placed in a sealed enclosure such as a datalogger enclosure it prevents condensation Term DevConfig software Device Configuration Utility p 113 available ...

Page 537: ... denotes the pin configuration gender and function of an RS 232 port The RS 232 port on the CR3000 is DCE Attachment of a null modem cable to a DCE device effectively converts it to a DTE device See DCE p 536 Term duplex A serial communication protocol Serial communications can be simplex half duplex or full duplex Reading list simplex p 555 duplex p 307 half duplex p 541 and full duplex p 540 Ter...

Page 538: ...cation of a precise voltage usually to a resistive bridge circuit Term execution interval See scan interval p 553 Term execution time Time required to execute an instruction or group of instructions If the execution time of a program exceeds the Scan Interval the program is executed less frequently than programmed and the Status table SkippedScan p 512 field will increment Term expression A series...

Page 539: ...ts the selected CR3000 memory device All files including data on the device will be erased Term File Retrieval tab A feature of LoggerNet Setup Screen In the Setup Screen network map Entire Network click on a CR3000 datalogger node The File Retieval tab should be one of several tabs presented at the right of the screen Term fill and stop memory A memory configuration for data tables forcing a data...

Page 540: ...lication protocol Term full duplex A serial communication protocol Simultaneous bi directional communications Communications between a CR3000 serial port and a PC is typically full duplex Reading list simplex p 555 duplex p 307 half duplex p 541 and full duplex p 540 Term frequency domain Frequency domain describes data graphed on an X Y plot with frequency as the X axis VSPECT p 562 vibrating wir...

Page 541: ...the CR3000 wiring panel as is done when using some comms devices from other manufacturers or a sensor that requires a lot of power can cause voltage potential differences between points in CR3000 circuitry that are supposed to be at ground or 0 Volts This difference in potentials can cause errors when measuring single ended analog voltages Term half duplex A serial communication protocol Bi direct...

Page 542: ...ning CRBasic code to be included at the end of the current CRBasic program or it can be run as the default program See Include File Name p 582 setting Term INF A data word indicating the result of a function is infinite or undefined Term initiate comms A name given to a processes by which the CR3000 initiates comms with a PC running LoggerNet Also known as Callback p 531 Term input output instruct...

Page 543: ...nformation in ring memory Term isolation Hardwire comms devices and cables can serve as alternate paths to earth ground and entry points into the CR3000 for electromagnetic noise Alternate paths to ground and electromagnetic noise can cause measurement errors Using opto couplers in a connecting device allows comms signals to pass but breaks alternate ground paths and may filter some electromagneti...

Page 544: ...oggers and wireless sensors It cannot be used as a means of reaching routing to other dataloggers Term lf Line feed Often associated with carriage return cr cr lf Term local variable A variable available for use only by the subroutine in which it is declared The term differentiates local variables which are declared in the Sub and Function instructions from global variables which are declared usin...

Page 545: ...icon in 1979 for use in programmable logic controllers PLCs See section Modbus Overview p 83 Term modem terminal Any device that has the following o Ability to raise the CR3000 ring line or be used with an optically isolated interface see the appendix CHardwire Single Connection Comms Devices List p 611 to raise the ring line and put the CR3000 in the comms command state o Asynchronous serial comm...

Page 546: ...or error and undefined mathematical results can produce NAN See the section NAN and INF p 506 Term neighbor device Device in a PakBus network that communicate directly with a device without being routed through an intermediate device See PakBus p 548 Term NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology Term node Devices in a network usually a PakBus network The communication server dials throu...

Page 547: ...escribes the relationship of current and resistance to voltage Voltage equals the product of current and resistance V I R Term on line data transfer Routine transfer of data to a peripheral left on site Transfer is controlled by the program entered in the datalogger Term operating system The operating system also known as firmware is a set of instructions that controls the basic functions of the C...

Page 548: ...ion See PakBus Overview p 82 for more information Term PakBusGraph software Shows the relationship of various nodes in a PakBus network and allows for monitoring and adjustment of some registers p 551 in each node A PakBus node is typically a Campbell Scientific datalogger a PC or a comms device See section Datalogger Support Software Overview p 90 Term parameter Parameter p 548 part of a procedur...

Page 549: ...CRBasic program execution mode wherein instructions are evaluated in groups of like instructions with a set group prioritization More information is available in section Pipeline Mode p 161 See sequential mode p 554 Term Poisson ratio A ratio used in strain measurements Equal to transverse strain divided by extension strain as follows v εtrans εaxial Term ppm resistor specification Temperature Coe...

Page 550: ...o further process input data values and return the result to a variable where it can be accessed for output processing Arithmetic and transcendental functions are included Term program control instructions Modify the execution sequence of CRBasic instructions Also used to set or clear flags See section PLC Control Overview p 91 Term program statement A complete program command construct confined t...

Page 551: ...urement or a type of math Ratiometric usually refers to an aspect of resistive bridge measurements either the measurement or the math used to process it Measuring ratios and using ratio math eliminates several sources of error from the end result Term record A record is a complete line of data in a data table or data file All data in a record share a common time stamp Final storage data tables are...

Page 552: ...nce Datalogger Station Status Table Fill Times Reset Tables PC200W command sequence Datalogger Station Status Table Fill Times Reset Tables Term resistance A feature of an electronic circuit that impedes or redirects the flow of electrons through the circuit Term resistor A device that provides a known quantity of resistance Term resolution A measure of the fineness of a measurement See also Accur...

Page 553: ...m sample rate The rate at which measurements are made by the CR3000 The measurement sample rate is of interest when considering the effect of time skew or how close in time are a series of measurements or how close a time stamp on a measurement is to the true time the phenomenon being measured occurred A maximum sample rate is the rate at which a measurement can repeatedly be made by a single CRBa...

Page 554: ...y to Campbell Scientific Term Seebeck effect Induces microvolt level thermal electromotive forces EMF across junctions of dissimilar metals in the presence of temperature gradients This is the principle behind thermocouple temperature measurement It also causes small correctable voltage offsets in CR3000 measurement circuitry Term sequential mode A CRBasic program execution mode wherein each state...

Page 555: ...ww campbellsci com Term SI Système Internationale The uniform international system of metric units Specifies accepted units of measure Term signature A number which is a function of the data and the sequence of data in memory It is derived using an algorithm that assures a 99 998 probability that if either the data or the data sequence changes the signature changes See sections Security Overview p...

Page 556: ...d scans can cause errors in pulse measurements Term slow sequence A usually slower secondary scan in the CRBasic program The main scan has priority over a slow sequence Term SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol A TCP IP application protocol Term SNP Snapshot file Term SP Space Term state Whether a device is on or off ...

Page 557: ... 557 Term Station Status command A command available in most datalogger support software p 90 The following figure is a sample of station status output Term string A datum or variable consisting of alphanumeric characters ...

Page 558: ...me functions are run outside the Scan NextScan construct the time registered by the instruction will be based on the system clock which has a 10 ms resolution See scan time p 554 Term table Final storage data tables are made up of records and fields Each row in a table represents a record and each column represents a field The number of fields in a record is determined by the number and configurat...

Page 559: ... with temperature The change is wide stable and well characterized The output of a thermistor is usually non linear so measurement requires linearization by means of a Steinhart Hart or polynomial equation CRBasic instructions Therm107 Therm108 and Therm109 use Steinhart Hart equations Term time domain Time domain describes data graphed on an X Y plot with time on the X axis Time series data are i...

Page 560: ... a sensor or the output of a sensor before scaling factors are applied See conditioned output p 533 Term UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply A UPS can be constructed for most datalogger applications using ac line power an ac ac or ac dc wall adapter a charge controller and a rechargeable battery The CR3000 needs and external charge controller Term user program The CRBasic program written by you in Sh...

Page 561: ...ct high level Vac directly to the CR3000 o The CR3000 measures varying frequencies of low level Vac in the range of 20 Vac For example some anemometers output a low level Vac signal Term Vdc Volts direct current Also VDC Two definitions o The CR3000 operates with a nominal 12 Vdc The CR3000 can supply nominal 12 Vdc regulated 5 Vdc regulated 3 3 Vdc and variable excitation in the 2 5 Vdc range o T...

Page 562: ...sor neglecting standard system updates o Counters are outside the limits o Voltage surges o Voltage transients When a reset occurs a counter is incremented in the WatchdogTimer entry of the Status table p 573 A low number 1 to 10 of watchdog timer resets is of concern but normally indicates that the situation should just be monitored A large number of errors 10 accumulating over a short period ind...

Page 563: ...sion is a measure of the repeatability of a group of measurements Resolution is a measure of the fineness of a measurement Together the three define how well a data acquisition system performs To understand how the three relate to each other consider target practice as an analogy Table Accuracy Precision and Resolution p 563 shows four targets The bull s eye on each target represents the absolute ...

Page 564: ...Section 11 Glossary 564 FIGURE 126 Relationships of Accuracy Precision and Resolution ...

Page 565: ...tributions Use of the following trademarks in the CR3000 Operator s Manual does not imply endorsement by their respective owners of Campbell Scientific Crydom Newark Mouser MicroSoft WordPad HyperTerminal LI COR ...

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Page 567: ...Tables and Settings Directories p 569 list several groupings of keywords Each keyword listed in these groups is linked to the relevant description Some info tables and settings have multiple names depending on the interface used to access them The names are listed with the descriptions No single interface accesses all info tables and settings Interfaces used for access include the following Info T...

Page 568: ...tings force the CR3000 program to recompile which may cause loss of data Before changing settings collect your data IP Address IP Default Gateway Subnet Mask PPP Interface PPP dial string PPP dial response Baud rate change on control ports Maximum number of TLS server connections USR drive size PakBus encryption key PakBus TCP server port HTTP service port FTP service port PakBus TCP service port ...

Page 569: ...ommunications TCP IP II p 574 Memory p 575 Miscellaneous p 575 Obsolete p 576 OS and Hardware Versioning p 576 Power Monitors p 576 Radio RF407 Settings Ethernet p 572 Settings PPP p 572 Settings CS I O p 572 Settings Network Services p 572 Settings Editor Only p 573 Communications TCP IP III p 574 CRBasic Program I p 575 CRBasic Program II p 575 Data p 575 Data Table Information Table DTI p 575 R...

Page 570: ...nt p 584 A 1 1 2 Info Tables and Settings Keywords Info Tables and Settings Keywords B Battery p 577 Baudrate p 577 Beacon p 577 BuffDepth p 577 E ErrorCalib p 581 EthernetEnable p 581 EthernetPower p 581 M MaxBuffDepth p 584 MaxPacketSize p 584 MaxProcTime p 584 MaxSlowProcTime p 584 MaxSystemProcTime p 584 pppIPAddr p 588 pppIPMask p 588 pppPassword p 588 pppUsername p 588 ProcessTime p 588 Prog...

Page 571: ...83 P PakBusAddress p 586 PakBusEncryptionKey p 586 PakBusPort p 586 PakBusRoutes p 586 S SecsPerRecord p 589 Security 1 p 589 Security 2 p 589 Security 3 p 590 SerialNumber p 590 W WatchdogErrors p 593 CPUDriveFree p 579 CSIO1netEnable p 579 CSIO2netEnable p 579 IPTrace p 583 IPTraceCode p 583 IPTraceComport p 583 IsRouter p 583 IxResistor p 583 PakBusTCPClients p 587 PakBusTCPEnabled p 587 PakBus...

Page 572: ...Interface p 587 pppInfo pppIPAddr p 588 pppIPMask p 588 pppUsername p 588 pppPassword p 588 pppDial p 587 pppDialResponse p 587 Info Tables and Settings KD Settings CS I O IP CSIO1netEnable p 579 CSIO2netEnable p 579 CSIOInfo p 579 IPAddressCSIO p 582 IPMaskCSIO p 583 IPGatewayCSIO p 582 Info Tables and Settings KD Settings TCP IP on CR1000KD Keyboard Display FTPEnabled p 581 TelnetEnabled p 591 P...

Page 573: ...artTime p 590 RunSignature p 589 ProgSignature p 588 MemorySize p 585 MemoryFree p 585 CommsMemFree 1 p 578 CommsMemFree 2 p 579 PakBusRoutes p 586 Messages p 585 WatchdogErrors p 593 PanelTemp p 587 Battery p 577 LithiumBattery p 584 CommsMemFree 3 p 579 FullMemReset p 581 CardStatus p 578 MeasureOps p 585 MeasureTime p 585 CalVolts p 578 CalGain p 577 Low12VCount p 584 Low5VCount p 584 CompileRe...

Page 574: ...p 587 RouteFilters p 589 Verify p 592 Info Tables and Settings Communications TCP_IP I CSIO1netEnable p 579 CSIO2netEnable p 579 DNS p 580 EthernetEnable p 581 IPGateway p 582 IPGatewayCSIO p 582 IPInfo p 583 IPTrace p 583 IPTraceCode p 583 IPTraceComport p 583 EthernetPower p 581 IPAddressCSIO p 582 IPAddressEth p 582 IPMaskCSIO p 583 IPMaskEth p 583 PingEnabled p 587 TelnetEnabled p 591 Info Tab...

Page 575: ...ts p 578 ErrorCalib p 581 LastSystemScan p 583 MaxSystemProcTime p 584 SkippedSystemScan p 590 SystemProcTime p 591 Info Tables and Settings Data DataFillDays p 580 DataRecordSize p 580 DataTableName p 580 SecsPerRecord p 589 SkippedRecord p 590 Info Tables and Settings Data Table Information Table DTI Keywords DataFillDays p 580 DataRecordSize p 580 DataTableName p 580 SecsPerRecord p 589 Skipped...

Page 576: ...Signature p 589 A 2 Info Tables and Settings Descriptions The CR3000 has several places where system information and settings are stored or changed Status table an automatically created data table In general status fields should not be expected to give an instantaneous update of the value being read In most cases the values give a reasonable snapshot of the status of the system For most applicatio...

Page 577: ... calibration executes once per minute Baudrate Numeric Settings Editor Com Ports Settings Baud Rate Array of integers setting baud rates for communication COM ports Beacon Numeric Settings Editor Com Ports Settings Beacon Interval Governs the interval at which the CR3000 broadcasts PakBus messages on the selected COM port to discover new neighboring nodes and it governs the default verification in...

Page 578: ...mmed value Usual value is near 0 CardBytesFree Numeric Y Keyboard Settings Datalogger Number of bytes free on the removable memory card 1 means no card CardStatus String Y Station Status field Card Status Status table field 30 Contains a string with the most recent status information for the removable memory card Central Routers Numeric Settings Editor Advanced Central Routers Array of eight PakBu...

Page 579: ... one buffer Doubling CommsMemAlloc from the default of 50 doubles CommsMemFree 2 from 300 to 600 Updated when status is queried Comms MemFree 3 Numeric Y Status table field 27 An integer specifying four two digit fields read from left to right as 1 number of output packets waiting to be sent 2 number of input packets waiting to be serviced 3 number of big packets available for TCP IP comms and 4 n...

Page 580: ...taFillDays Numeric Y DataTableInfo table Reports the time required to fill a data table Each table has its own entry in a two dimensional array First dimension is for on board memory Second dimension is for card memory DataRecord Size Numeric Y DataTableInfo table Reports the number of records in a data table DataTable Name String Y DataTableInfo table Reports the names of data tables Array elemen...

Page 581: ...les Manager Specifies the numbers of files of a designated type that are saved when received from a specified node FTPEnabled Numeric Settings Editor Network Services FTP Enabled Set to 1 if to enable FTP service Default is 0 FTPPassword String Settings Editor Network Services FTP Password Specifies the password that is used to log in to the FTP server FTPPort UINT2 Settings Editor Network Service...

Page 582: ...lt 80 Info Tables and Settings I Keyword Data Type Read Only Where to Find Description IncludeFile String Settings Editor Advanced Include File Name Name of a file to be included at the end of the current CRBasic program or that can be run as the default program IPAddressCSIO String Settings Editor CS I O IP IP Address IPAddressEth String Settings Editor Ethernet IP Address Specifies the IP addres...

Page 583: ... to recompile IPTrace Discontinued aliased to IPTraceComport IPTraceCode UINT2 Settings Editor Advanced IP Trace Code Controls what type of information is sent on the port specified by IPTraceComport and via Telnet Default 0 IPTraceComport Numeric Settings Editor Advanced IP Trace COM Port Specifies the port if any on which TCP IP trace information is sent Information type is controlled by IPTrace...

Page 584: ...ow or fast with measurements if the internal hardware signal is asserted Low5VCount Numeric Station Status field Number of times voltage has dropped below 5V Status table field 16 Counts the number of times the 5 Vdc supply drops below a functional threshold Range 0 to 99 Reset by entering 0 Info Tables and Settings M Keyword Data Type Read Only Where to Find Description MaxBuffDepth Numeric Statu...

Page 585: ...e sum of MeasureTime and ProcessTime is not equal to the required scan time Assumes all measurement instructions will run each scan Updated when a main scan begins MemoryFree Numeric Y Station Status field Memory Free Status table field 27 Unallocated SRAM memory on the CPU bytes All free memory may not be available for data tables As memory is allocated and freed holes of unallocated memory which...

Page 586: ...eyword Data Type Read Only Where to Find Description PakBusAddress Numeric Settings Editor Datalogger PakBus Address PakBus address for this CR3000 Assign a unique address if this CR3000 is to be placed in a PakBus network Addresses 1 to 4094 are valid but those 4000 are usually reserved for datalogger support software Default 1 PakBus EncryptionKey String Settings Editor Datalogger PakBus Encrypt...

Page 587: ...self calibration When auto self calibration executes once per minute PingEnabled Numeric Settings Editor Network Services Ping ICMP Enabled Enables True default or disables False the ICMP ping service PortConfig String Y Status table field 43 Sets up C terminals in numeric order of terminals Set up for input output SDM SDI 12 COM port Default Input Updates when the port configuration changes PortS...

Page 588: ...sTime Numeric Y Status table field 32 Processing time μs of the last scan Time is measured from the end of the EndScan instruction after the measurement event is set to the beginning of the EndScan before the wait for the measurement event begins for the subsequent scan Calculated on the fly Updated at the conclusion of scan processing prior to waiting for the next scan ProgErrors Numeric Y Status...

Page 589: ...en when communication is not taking place If RS 232 handshaking is enabled RS232Handshaking is non zero this setting must be set to True Default False RS232Timeout Numeric Settings Editor Advanced RS232 Hardware Handshaking Timeout RS 232 hardware handshaking timeout Specifies the time tens of ms that the CR3000 will wait between packets if CTS is not asserted RunSignature Numeric Y Station Status...

Page 590: ...der that data tables are declared in the CRBasic program Enter 0 to reset SkippedScan Numeric Y Station Status field Skipped Scans Status table field 22 Number of skipped program scans p 512 that have occurred while running the CRBasic program Does not include scans intentionally skipped as may occur with the use of ExitScan and Do Loop instructions Updated when they occur SkippedSlow Scan Numeric...

Page 591: ... that is entered into LoggerNet This station name can be sampled into a data table but it is not the name that appears in data file headers Updated at startup or when the name is changed SW12Volts Numeric Status table field 44 Status of switched 12 Vdc terminal True on Updates when the state changes SystemProcTime FLOAT Y Status table field 37 Time μs required to process auto background calibratio...

Page 592: ...htSavingTime Default 1 disabled Info Tables and Settings V Keyword Data Type Read Only Where to Find Description VarOutOfBound Numeric Y Station Status field Variable Out of Bounds Status table field 21 Number of attempts to write to an array outside of the declared size The write does not occur Indicates a CRBasic program error If an array is used in a loop or expression the pre compiler and comp...

Page 593: ...ead Only Where to Find Description WatchdogErrors Numeric Y Station Status field Watchdog Errors Status table field 11 Number of watchdog errors that have occurred while running this program Resets automatically when a new program is compiled Enter 0 to reset At startup and at occurrence ...

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Page 595: ... pin 4 5 ME O Modem enable raised when the CR3000 determines that a modem raised the ring line 6 SDE O Synchronous device enable addresses synchronous devices SD used as an enable line for printers 7 CLK HS I O Clock handshake with the SDE and TXD lines addresses and transfers data to SDs When not used as a clock pin 7 can be used as a handshake line during printer output high enables low disables...

Page 596: ...DB9 cable can connect the computer DTE device to the CR3000 DCE device The following table describes RS 232 pin function with standard DCE naming notation Note Pins 1 4 6 and 9 function differently than a standard DCE device This is to accommodate a connection to a modem or other DCE device via a null modem Pin Out of CR3000 RS 232 D Type Connector Port Pin Number Function Input I Output O Descrip...

Page 597: ...ers to come in Under normal operation the port is powered down waiting for input Upon receiving input there is a 40 second software timeout before shutting down The 40 second timeout is generally circumvented when communicating with datalogger support software p 90 because it sends information as part of the protocol that lets the CR3000 know it can shut down the port When in sleep mode hardware i...

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Page 599: ...ption A Polarity 0 1 B C Decimal locaters as defined in the table FP2 Decimal Locater Bits D P 13 bit binary value D being the MSB p 307 Largest 13 bit magnitude is 8191 but Campbell Scientific defines the largest allowable magnitude as 7999 Decimal locaters can be viewed as a negative base 10 exponent with decimal locations as shown in TABLE FP2 Decimal Locater Bits p 599 FP2 Decimal Locater Bits...

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Page 601: ...ata p 303 Modbus programming Modbus p 476 MoveBytes instruction see CRBasic Editor Help SDMGeneric instruction see CRBasic Editor Help Some PakBus instructions like GetDataRecord see CRBasic Editor Help For example when the CR1000 datalogger receives data from a CR9000 datalogger the byte order of a four byte IEEE4 or integer data value has to be reversed before the value shows properly in the CR1...

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Page 603: ... acting as a master peer or slave Dataloggers communicate in a network via PakBus Modbus DNP3 RS 232 SDI 12 or CANbus using the SDM CAN module Dataloggers Model Description CR200X Series Dataloggers Limited input not expandable Suited for a network of stations with a small numbers of specific inputs Some models have built in radio transceivers for spread spectrum communication and various frequenc...

Page 604: ...st Input peripherals expand sensor input capacity of the CR3000 condition sensor signals or distribute the measurement load E 3 1 Analog Input Modules List Analog input modules increase CR3000capacity Some multiplexers allow multiplexing of excitation analog output terminals Analog Input Modules Model Description AM16 32B 64 channels configurable for many sensor types Muliplex analog inputs and ex...

Page 605: ... module SDM IO16 16 channel I O expansion module E 3 4 Vibrating Wire Input Modules List Vibrating wire input modules improve the measurement of vibrating wire sensors CDM modules require the SC CPI interface module to connect to the CR3000 datalogger Vibrating Wire Input Modules Model Description CDM VW300 Two channel dynamic VSPECT vibrating wire measurement device CDM VW305 Eight channel dynami...

Page 606: ... 4WPB1K 1 kΩ four wire PRT bridge TIM module 1 Teriminal Input Module E 3 5 2 Voltage Divider Modules List Voltage Divider Modules Model Description VDIV10 1 10 1 voltage divider VDIV2 1 2 1 voltage divider CVD20 Six channel 20 1 voltage divider E 3 5 3 Current Shunt Modules List Current Shunt Modules Model Description CURS100 100 ohm current shunt module E 3 5 4 Transient Voltage Suppressors List...

Page 607: ...24 CR3000 18359 E 4 PLC Control Modules Lists Related Topics PLC Control Overview p 91 PLC Control Modules Overview p 430 PLC Control Modules Lists p 607 Switched Voltage Output Specifications Switched Voltage Output Overview p 62 Switched Voltage Output Details p 424 Current Source and Sink Limits p 424 E 4 1 Digital I O Modules List Digital I O expansion modules expand the number of channels for...

Page 608: ...ription A21REL 12 Four relays driven by four control ports A6REL 12 Six relays driven by six control ports manual override LR4 Four channel latching relay SDM CD8S Eight channel dc relay controller SDM CD16AC 16 channel ac relay controller SDM CD16S 16 channel dc relay controller SDM CD16D 16 channel 0 or 5 Vdc output module SW12V One channel 12 Vdc control circuit E 4 4 Current Excitation Modules...

Page 609: ... systems Wired Sensor Types Air temperature Pressure Roadbed water content Relative humidity Snow depth Barometric pressure Snow water equivalent Conductivity Soil heat flux Digital camera Soil temperature Dissolved oxygen Soil volumetric water content Distance Soil volumetric water content profile Soil water potential Electrical current Solar radiation Electric field Lightning Strain Evaporation ...

Page 610: ...oxygen Soil heat flux Infrared surface temperature Soil temperature Leaf wetness Solar radiation Pressure Surface temperature Quantum sensor Wind speed wind direction Rain E 6 Cameras List A camera can be an effective data gathering device Campbell Scientific cameras are rugged built for reliable performance at environmental extremes Images can be stored automatically to a Campbell Scientific data...

Page 611: ...pecial OS CD100 requires special OS CD295 1 Keyboard displays are either integrated into the datalogger or communicate through the CS I O port 2 The CR1000KD can be mounted to a surface by way of the two 4 40 x 0 187 screw holes at the back E 7 2 Hardwire Single Connection Comms Devices List Hardwire Single Connection Comms Devices Model Description SC32B Optically isolated CS I O to PC RS 232 int...

Page 612: ...ion RavenX Series Wireless cellular connects to RS 232 port PPP IP key must be enabled to use CR3000 IP stack NL240 Wireless network link interface connects to CS I O port NL201 Network link interface connects to CS I O port NL115 Connects to Peripheral port Uses the CR3000 IP stack Includes CF card slot NL120 Connects to Peripheral port Uses the CR3000 IP stack No CF card slot E 7 5 Telephone Mod...

Page 613: ...l Description ST 21 Argos transmitter TX320 HDR GOES transmitter DCP200 GOES data collection platform E 8 Data Storage Devices List Related Topics Memory Overview p 93 Memory Details p 442 Data Storage Devices List p 613 TABLE Info Tables and Settings Memory p 575 Data storage devices allow you to collect data on site with a small device and carry it back to the PC sneaker net Campbell Scientific ...

Page 614: ...table LoggerNet Clients p 616 are available for extended applications of LoggerNet Software development kits table Software Development Kits p 617 are available to address applications not directly satisfied by standard software products Limited support software for iOS Android and Linux applications are also available Note More information about software available from Campbell Scientific can be ...

Page 615: ...gger support software Supports single dataloggers over most comms options LoggerNet PC Windows Top level datalogger support software Supports datalogger networks LoggerNet Admin PC Windows Advanced LoggerNet for large datalogger networks LoggerNet Linux Linux Includes LoggerNet Server for use in a Linux environments and LoggerNet Remote for managing the server from a Windows environment RTDAQ PC W...

Page 616: ...es Split RTMC View Pro and Data Filer PC OPC Campbell Scientific OPC Server Feeds datalogger data into third party OPC compatible graphics packages PakBus Graph Bundled with LoggerNet Maps and provides access to the settings of a PakBus network RTMCPro An enhanced version of RTMC RTMC Pro provides additional capabilities and more flexibility including multi state alarms email on alarm conditions h...

Page 617: ...t suite Assists in design of networks and configuration of network elements Device Configuration Utility DevConfig PC Windows Bundled with PC400 LoggerNet and RTDAQ Also availble at no cost at www campbellsci com Used to configure settings and update operating systems for Campbell Scientific devices E 9 4 Software Development Kits List Software Development Kits Software Compatibility Description L...

Page 618: ...with dataloggers TDRSDK PC Windows Software developer kit for PC and Windows for communication with the TDR100 Time Domain Reflectometer E 10 Power Supplies List Related Topics Power Input Terminals Specifications Power Supplies Quickstart p 39 Power Supplies Overview p 86 Power Supplies Details p 98 Power Supplies Products p 618 Power Sources p 99 Troubleshooting Power Supplies p 517 Several powe...

Page 619: ...gulator primary source Includes mounting bracket for Campbell Scientific enclosures BP12 12 Ahr sealed rechargeable battery requires regulator primary source Includes mounting bracket for Campbell Scientific enclosures BP24 24 Ahr sealed rechargeable battery requires regulator primary source Includes mounting bracket for Campbell Scientific enclosures BP84 84 Ahr sealed rechargeable battery requir...

Page 620: ...source CH200 12 Vdc charging regulator requires primary source E 10 4 Primary Power Sources List Primary Power Sources Model Description 29796 24 Vdc 1 67 A output 100 to 240 Vac 1 A input 5 ft cable SP5 L 5 watt solar panel requires regulator SP10 10 watt solar panel requires regulator SP10R 10 watt solar panel includes regulator SP20 20 watt solar panel requires regulator SP20R 20 watt solar pan...

Page 621: ... ENC12 14 12 inch x 14 inch weather tight enclosure Pre wired version available ENC14 16 14 inch x 16 inch weather tight enclosure Pre wired version available ENC16 18 16 inch x 18 inch weather tight enclosure Pre wired version available ENC24 30 24 inch x 30 inch weather tight enclosure ENC24 30S Stainless steel 24 inch x 30 inch weather tight enclosure Prewired Enclosures Model Description PWENC...

Page 622: ...standing tower aluminum guying is an option CM375 10 meter 30 ft mast galvanized and stainless steel requires guying CM300 0 58 meter 23 in mast stainless steel free standing tripod and guyed options CM305 1 2 meter 47 in mast stainless steel free standing tripod and guyed options CM310 1 42 meter 56 in mast stainless steel free standing tripod and guyed options E 13 Protection from Moisture List ...

Page 623: ...450 CS451 CS455 and CS456 Replacement Desiccant Tube Normally used with CS4xx sensors 10525 Desiccant and Document Holder User Installed Normally use with ENC enclosures 3885 Desiccant 1 2 Unit Bag Qty 50 CS210 Enclosure Humidity Sensor 11 Inch Cable ...

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Page 625: ...rement Command 263 Amperage 424 Amperes Amps 529 Analog 67 529 Analog Control 430 Analog Input 69 95 Analog Input Expansion 95 429 Analog Input Modules 429 Analog Input Modules List 604 Analog Input Range 95 380 Analog Measurement 507 Analog Measurements Details 337 Analog Measurements Overview 67 Analog Output 62 95 430 Analog Output Modules 430 Analog Sensor 421 Analog Sensor Cabling 421 Analog ...

Page 626: ...tion One Point Field Calibration 231 Calibration Two Point Field Calibration 232 Callback 467 474 531 542 Cameras List 610 CAO 426 430 Capturing CRBasic Code 32 Capturing Events 181 Card Bytes Free 567 Card Status 567 Care 89 497 CE Compliance 95 Character Set 85 483 Charging Circuit 521 522 Charging Regulator with Solar Panel Test 519 Charging Regulator with Transformer Test 521 Circuit 368 419 4...

Page 627: ...534 Create Send Text File 319 Create Text Capture File 319 Creating and Editing Powerup ini 461 CS I O Communication Port 595 CS I O Port 64 65 534 595 Current 424 Current Excitation 73 Current Excitation Cabling 421 Current Loop Sensor 66 72 380 Current Measurements Details 380 Current Measurements Overview 72 Current Sourcing Limit 426 428 Current Excitation Modules List 608 Current Shunt Module...

Page 628: ...ault cr3 File 119 Desiccant 89 112 536 DevConfig 113 114 536 DevConfig Setup Tools 113 Device Setup 113 114 DHCP 469 536 Diagnosis Power Supply 518 Dial Sequence 159 Dial String 567 Differential 69 536 Differential Measurements Overview 71 Digital I O 62 67 95 428 Digital Register 477 Digital I O Modules List 607 Dimension 141 537 Dimensioning Numeric Variables 141 Dimensioning String Variables 14...

Page 629: ...stallation 128 False 174 FAT 445 Field 538 Field Calibration 79 229 Field Calibration Details 229 Field Calibration Overview 79 420 Field Calibration CAL Files 229 Field Calibration Examples 232 Field Calibration Numeric Monitor Procedures 230 Field Calibration Programming 229 Field Calibration Strain Examples 243 Field Calibration Wizard Overview 230 FieldCal Multiplier 239 FieldCal Multiplier On...

Page 630: ...42 Hexadecimal 149 Hidden Files 88 Hiding Files 441 High Frequency Measurements 408 Holding Register 477 HTML 472 542 HTTP 470 542 HTTP Settings 567 HTTP Web Server 470 Humidity 89 112 I I O Port 62 I O Ports 305 IEEE4 137 542 Include File 119 567 INF 506 542 Infinite 506 Info Tables and Settings 567 Accessed by Keyboard Display 572 Communications 574 Frequently Used 569 Keywords 570 Other 575 Pro...

Page 631: ...106 Low Level Ac 407 431 Low Level Ac Input Modules Overview 431 Low Level Ac Measurements Details 407 LSB 306 307 601 M Maintenance 89 497 Maintenance Details 497 Maintenance Overview 89 Manage Files 567 Manual Data Table Reset 455 Manual Organization 31 Manually Initiated 545 Marks and Spaces 307 Mass Storage Device 122 447 460 545 613 Mass Storage Device 80 Math 171 507 Mathematical Operation 1...

Page 632: ... 506 Neighbor 567 Neighbor Device 546 Network Planner 114 Network Planner Setup Tools 114 Nine Pin Connectors 305 596 NIST 546 Node 546 567 Noise 98 337 339 340 341 363 Nominal Power 86 Not A Number 506 NSEC Data Type 137 208 546 NSEC Options 208 NULL Character 325 Null Modem 536 537 547 Numbers of Records 158 Numerical Format 149 Numerical Formats 149 O Ohm 547 Ohms Law 547 OID 381 One Statement ...

Page 633: ...d Status Table 492 Power 43 44 63 95 100 424 426 Power Budget 99 270 271 Power Consumption 99 Power In Terminals 63 Power Out Terminals 63 Power Sources 99 Power States 597 Power Supplies Details 98 Power Supplies List 618 Power Supplies Overview 86 Power Supplies Quickstart 39 Power Terminals 63 Powering Sensor 86 424 Power up 460 Powerup ini File Details 460 PPP 468 PPP Dial Response 567 PPP Set...

Page 634: ...ram Send Reset 455 Program Signature 567 Program Statements 134 Program Structure 129 Programmed Settings 118 Programming 44 49 87 133 Programming Capturing Events 181 Programming Conditional Output 182 Programming Groundwater Pump Test 183 Programming Multiple Scans 191 Programming Running Average 197 Programming Scaling Array 189 Programming Access to Data Tables 177 Programming Expression Types...

Page 635: ...rieving Data 49 52 RevDiff 347 Reverse Polarity 42 101 RevEx 347 Ring Line Pin 3 552 Ring Memory 442 552 RING Pin 595 Ringing 421 553 RMS 553 Route Filter 567 Router 567 RS 232 43 44 67 78 95 308 516 553 567 RS 232 Overview 78 RS 232 and TTL Details 419 RS 232 Communication Port 596 RS 232 Pin Out 596 RS 232 Port 64 RS 232 Ports 65 RS 232 Power States 597 RS 232 Recording 419 RS 232 Sensor 303 422...

Page 636: ...Input Programming Basics 311 Serial I O Memory Considerations 314 Serial I O Modules Details 432 Serial I O Modules List 605 Serial I O Output Programming Basics 312 Serial I O Programming Basics 309 Serial I O Q A 325 Serial I O Translating Bytes 313 Serial Port Pinouts 595 Serial Talk Through and Comms Watch 526 Server 616 Set Time and Date 494 Setting 493 Setting PakBus 494 Setting Via CRBasic ...

Page 637: ...tage Output Overview 62 Switched Current Excitation IX Terminals 425 Switched Unregulated Voltage SW12 Terminal 426 Switched Voltage Excitation 425 Switched Voltage Output Details 424 Synchronizing Measurement in the CR3000 Details 422 Synchronizing Measurements Details 422 Synchronizing Measurements Overview 79 Synchronizing Measurements in a Datalogger Network Details 422 Synchronizing Measureme...

Page 638: ...ring units 538 ESD 538 ESS 538 excitation 538 execution interval 538 execution time 538 expression 538 FFT 539 File Control 539 File Retrieval tab 539 fill and stop memory 539 final storage data 539 final storage memory 539 Flash 540 FLOAT 540 FP2 540 frequency domain 540 frequency response 540 FTP 540 full duplex 540 garbage 541 global variable 541 ground 541 ground currents 541 half duplex 541 h...

Page 639: ...r 551 552 resistance 552 resistor 552 resolution 552 ring line 552 ring memory 552 ringing 553 RMS 553 router 553 RS 232 553 RS 232C 308 RTU PLC 477 RX 308 sample rate 553 scan interval 553 scan time 554 SDI 12 554 SDM 554 Seebeck effect 554 semaphore measurement semaphore 554 send 555 sequential mode 554 serial 555 Settings Editor 555 Short Cut software 555 SI Système Internationale 555 signature...

Page 640: ...2 TrigVar 202 203 Tripods Towers and Mounts List 622 Troubleshooting 503 567 Troubleshooting Auto Self Calibration Errors 515 Troubleshooting Basic Procedure 503 Troubleshooting Communications 516 Troubleshooting CRBasic Programs 505 Troubleshooting Data Recovery 526 Troubleshooting Error Sources 504 Troubleshooting Essential Tools 503 Troubleshooting Miscellaneous Errors 527 Troubleshooting Opera...

Page 641: ...e Measurement Limitations 380 Voltage Measurement Mechanics 383 Voltage Measurement Quality 337 386 Voltage Measurements 507 Voltage Measurements Details 380 Voltage Measurements Overview 68 Volts 562 Vulnerabilities 437 W Warning Message 511 Warranty 3 Watchdog Errors 177 444 510 514 517 562 567 569 Watchdog Timer 562 Watchdoginfo txt File 515 Water Conductivity 371 Weather Tight 89 562 Web API 8...

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Page 644: ...Rua Apinagés nbr 2018 Perdizes CEP 01258 00 São Paulo SP BRASIL www campbellsci com br vendas campbellsci com br Campbell Scientific Canada Corp 14532 131 Avenue NW Edmonton AB T5L 4X4 CANADA www campbellsci ca dataloggers campbellsci ca Campbell Scientific Centro Caribe S A 300 N Cementerio Edificio Breller Santo Domingo Heredia 40305 COSTA RICA www campbellsci cc info campbellsci cc Campbell Sci...

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