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Laguna
Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ
05060021 04 04/08/2015
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ɉɟɧɨɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧ
(R134a):
ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ
-
ɉɢɳɟɜɨɣ
ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɗɬɨ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ
HFC (
ɝɢɞɪɨɮɬɨɪɭɝɥɟɪɨɞ
),
ɯɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ
ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ
(GWP).
ȼ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɫ
ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦ
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɦ
ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɦ
ɮɢɪɦɚ
ARNEG
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɯɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬɵ
: R 134a; GWP
(100)
= 1300 R 404A; GWP
(100)
= 3750
ɢɡ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ
HFC,
ɮɬɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɝɚɡɨɜ
ɫ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ
ɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ
(GWP),
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
Ʉɢɨɬɫɤɢɦ
ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɦ
(
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ
ɧɚ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ
ɢɥɢ
ɧɚɤɥɟɣɤɟ
ɧɚ
ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɟ
ɤɚɤɨɣ
ɢɡ
ɷɬɢɯ
ɝɚɡɨɜ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
).
ɗɬɨ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
,
ɚ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
ɯɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬɚ
ɧɢɠɟ
3
ɤɝ
.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ
ɧɢ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
,
ɧɢ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ɩɨɬɟɪɢ
ɯɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬɚ
(D.P.R.
ʋ
147, 15.
Ɏɟɜɪɚɥɹ
2006.
ɝ
.
ɋɬ
. 3
ɢ
4).
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
:
ȼɫɟ
ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
,
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɭ
ɢ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ
ɤ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɢ
ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ
.
15.
Ɂ
ɚɩɪɟɬɵ
ɢ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɩɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɪɢ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ
ɦɨɝ
ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
ɜ
ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɨɦ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ
ɫɐɟɧɬɪɨɦ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
.
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ
ɱɟɦ
ɧɚɱɚɬɶ
ɤɚɤɨɣ
-
ɥɢɛɨ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬ
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɵ
,
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɨɧɚ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ
ɨɬ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
.
ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤɢɯ
-
ɥɢɛɨ
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ
ɜ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɵ
,
ɩɪɟɠɞɟ
ɱɟɦ
ɧɚɱɚɬɶ
ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɢɬɶɫɹ
ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ
ɜ
ɋɥɭɠɛɭ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ
:
-
ɏɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ
ɬɨɜɚɪɚ
ɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɧ
ɧɟ
ɨɩɪɨɤɢɞɵɜɚɥɫɹ
,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
,
ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɬɨɜɚɪɵ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶ
ɜ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɚɯ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
,
ɟɫɥɢ
ɨɧɢ
ɭɠɟ
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɵ
ɞɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɬɨɜɚɪɵ
ɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɟ
.
-
ȼɢɬɪɢɧɚ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ
ɢ
ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɜɟɠɢɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
,
ɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɨɝɨ
,
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢ
ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
,
ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɢ
ɩɨɥɭɮɚɛɪɢɤɚɬɨɜ
.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɭ
ɞɥɹ
ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ
,
ɧɟ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɜ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
,
ɜ
ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ
,
ɧɚɠɢɜɤɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɪɵɛɧɨɣ
ɥɨɜɥɢ
ɢ
ɬ
.
ɞ
.
-
ɑɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ
ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟ
ɜɫɟ
ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ
(
ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
,
ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɤɚ
,
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ
,
ɪɟɦɨɧɬ
ɢ
ɬ
.
ɞ
.),
ɫɬɚɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ
ɜɫɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
,
ɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
.
-
ɧɟ
ɫɧɢɦɚɣɬɟ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ
ɢ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
,
ɞɥɹ
ɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
.
ȼ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
,
ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɤɪɵɲɤɭ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɲɤɚɮɚ
;
ɷɬɭ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ
.
-
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɢ
ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɢ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ
ɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ
ɡɚ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
,
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢ
ɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
,
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜ
ɬɨɱɤɟ
ɩɪɨɞɚɠ
.
-
ɇɟ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɬɨɤɚ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɜ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
0,2
ɦ
/
ɫ
;
ɜ
ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
,
ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ
,
ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɩɨɬɨɤ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɢ
ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɵɟ
ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɢ
ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ
ɜ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧ
.
-
ɇɟ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɬɨɜɚɪɵ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ
ɩɪɹɦɨɦɭ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɜɟɬɚ
.
-
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ
ɜ
ɬɨɱɤɟ
ɩɪɨɞɚɠ
,
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ
ɩɨɞ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɯ
ɥɭɱɟɣ
,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
,
ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɹ
ɩɥɚɮɨɧɵ
.
-
ɇɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɩɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɭ
ɫ
ɥɚɦɩɚɦɢ
ɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ
,
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɧɚ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɭ
.
-
Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɣɬɟ
ɜ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɚɯ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɬɟ
ɬɨɜɚɪɵ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɭɠɟ
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɵ
ɞɨ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
,
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ
ɞɥɹ
ɰɟɩɢ
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
.