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Laguna
Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ
05060021 04 04/08/2015
55
11_2.
ɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɥɶɞɚ
ɏɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
,
ɚ
ɧɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɟɟ
ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ
.
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ
ɜɧɭɬɪɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɢɯ
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
.
-
ɇȿ
ɤɥɚɫɬɶ
ɜɧɭɬɪɶ
ɩɪɢɥɚɜɤɚ
ɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
.
-
ɇȿ
ɩɪɟɝɪɚɠɞɚɬɶ
ɧɢɤɨɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
(
ɥɶɞɨɦ
,
ɬɨɜɚɪɨɦ
,
ɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɚɦɢ
,
ɰɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ
ɢ
ɬ
.
ɞ
.)
-
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ
ɬɨɜɚɪ
,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɞɨɥɶɲɟ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɟ
,
ɚ
ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɨɡɞɧɟɝɨ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
(
ɪɨɬɚɰɢɹ
ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
);
12.
Ɉɬɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ
ɢ
ɫɥɢɜ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɏɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɟ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɵ
Laguna
ɫ
ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ
ɢ
ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ
(Fig. 1 C)
ɫɧɚɳɟɧɵ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɨɬɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫ
ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ
(
ɩɭɬɟɦ
ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɰɢɤɥɚ
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ
),
ɨ
ɱɟɦ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ
ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɢ
“def” (defrost/
ɨɬɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ
)
ɧɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɟ
CAREL
(Rif. 5) (
4
ɨɬɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɫɭɬɤɢ
ɩɨ
40
ɦɢɧɭɬ
ɤɚɠɞ
.
).
ȼɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɮɚɡɵ
ɨɬɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɫɹ
,
ɧɨ
,
ɜ
ɥɸɛɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
,
ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬ
ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ
,
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ
;
ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ
ɮɚɡɵ
ɨɬɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨ
ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɫɹ
ɞɨ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
.
ɋ
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧ
ɫ
“
ɥɟɞɹɧɨɣ
ɩɨɫɬɟɥɶɸ
”
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɭɛɪɚɬɶ
ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ
ɥɟɞ
.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
,
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɨɬɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ
:
-
ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ
ɧɚ
ɩɨɥɭ
ɫɥɢɜ
ɞɥɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɫ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ
ɭɤɥɨɧɨɦ
.
-
ɋɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɫɢɮɨɧ
ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɥɢɜɧɵɦ
ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ
ɢ
ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɜ
ɩɨɥɭ
.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ
ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ
ɡɚɩɚɯɨɜ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ
,
ɩɨɬɟɪɸ
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɢ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ
,
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫ
ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ
.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
:
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ
ɢ
ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɹɬɶɫɹ
ɜ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
;
ɞɥɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɤ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ
ɤ
ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦ
ɨɩɵɬɧɨɝɨ
ɢ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ
.
13.
Ɋɟɦɨɧɬ
ɢ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ
ɉɢɳɟɜɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɨɪɬɢɬɶɫɹ
ɢɡ
-
ɡɚ
ɦɢɤɪɨɛɨɜ
ɢ
ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ
.
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ
ɝɢɝɢɟɧɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɨɯɪɚɧɵ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ
,
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ
ɯɨɥɨɞɨɜɨɣ
ɰɟɩɢ
,
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ
ɩɭɧɤɬɨɦ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɨɱɤɚ
ɩɪɨɞɚɠ
.
ɍɛɨɪɤɚ
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧ
ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ
:
ɑɢɫɬɤɚ
ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
(
ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɚɹ
,
ɟɠɟɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ
)
-
ȿɠɟɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ
ɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ
ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧ
,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ
ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɨɸɳɢɟ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
!:
ɉɊȿɀȾȿ
ɑȿɆ
ɉɊɂɋɌɍɉɂɌɖ
Ʉ
ɊȿɆɈɇɌɍ
ɂ
ɑɂɋɌɄȿ
,
ɈɌɄɅɘɑɂɌȿ
ȼɂɌɊɂɇɕ
ɈɌ
ɇȺɉɊəɀȿɇɂə
ɋ
ɉɈɆɈɓɖɘ
ɈȻɓȿȽɈ
ȼɕɄɅɘɑȺɌȿɅə
.
ɑɌɈȻɕ
ɁȺɓɂɌɂɌɖ
ɊɍɄɂ
ȼɈ
ȼɊȿɆə
ɑɂɋɌɄɂ
,
ȼɋȿȽȾȺ
ɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɍɃɌȿ
ɊȺȻɈɑɂȿ
ɉȿɊɑȺɌɄɂ
.
(a
x
b
x
c)
+ 10%
пополнение
K
(1-2)
K
1=
1,8
dm
3
/kg
Количество льда
=
горячий воздух
холодный воздух
C
a
b
c
Удельный вес супергранулированного льда*
*
Данные Scotsman
K
2=
2,1
dm
3
/kg Удельный вес чешуйчатого переохлажденного льда*
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
ƕɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ
a
ɞɦ
b
ɞɦ
c
ɞɦ
ƕ
K
ɞɦ
3
ɤɝ
ƕD[E[F ɞɦ
3
ƕ
196,25
ɞɦ
3
+ 10% = 215,87
ɞɦ
3
ƕ
215,87
ɞɦ
3
/ 2,1
ɞɦ
3
ɤɝ ɤɝ
ƕ ɤɝ§
ɤɝ