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Andor Technology New iStar, User Manual

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5.3.1.3 - Kinetic series

Kinetic series mode allows user to run, record and save a sequence of consecutive acquisitions in a single working 
window. The following parameters are used to configure the acquisition:

• 

Exposure Time

• 

Kinetic Cycle Time:

 The time between the start of two consecutive scans within a kinetic series

• 

Number in Kinetic Series:

 The number of scans taken in the kinetic series

This mode is particularly well suited to recording the temporal evolution of a process, and can also be used in 
conjunction with accumulation mode for further signal-to-noise ratio enhancement

Note: If External trigger is selected the Kinetic Cycle dialog box will indicate the maximum achievable frame rate.

Pre-Acquisition Setup - CCD

New iStar ICCD

Summary of Contents for New iStar

Page 1: ...New iStar ICCD User s Guide andor com Andor Technology plc 2012 ...

Page 2: ...he user guide 15 1 3 HELP TECHNICAL SUPPORT 16 Europe 16 USA 16 Asia Pacific 16 China 16 1 4 DISCLAIMER 17 1 5 TRADEMARKS PATENT INFORMATION 17 1 6 ELECTRICAL ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS 18 SECTION 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW iSTAR 19 2 1 COMPONENTS OVERVIEW 19 2 2 Mechanical drawings 20 2 3 CCD platform specifications ImagING SENSORS 21 2 4 CCD platform specifications SPECTROSCOPY SENSORS 22 2 5 G...

Page 3: ...Cooling Accessories 28 2 9 Connectors 29 2 10 Power Supply Unit Psu 31 2 11 fuse replacement 31 2 12 additional Optional Extras 32 2 13 Spectrograph compatibility 32 2 14 software 32 SECTION 3 INSTALLING THE NEW iSTAR 33 3 1 Mechanical connection to the new istar 33 3 1 1 Attaching to a Spectrograph 33 3 1 2 Attaching to a Lens System 33 3 1 3 Attaching to Mounting Posts 38 3 2 Coolant hose insert...

Page 4: ...is Software Operation 38 4 1 Starting The Application 38 4 2 Main Window 39 4 2 1 Main Window Status Bar 40 4 3 Hot Keys 41 4 4 Menu Selection 43 4 4 1 File Menu 43 4 4 2 Acquisition Menu 44 4 4 3 Calibrate Menu 45 4 4 4 Command Menu 46 4 4 5 Hardware Menu 46 4 4 6 View Menu 46 4 4 7 Display Menu 47 4 4 8 Window Menu 47 4 4 9 Help Menu 48 4 4 10 Software Help 48 4 5 Run Time Control 49 4 6 Andor B...

Page 5: ... 1 4 Fast Kinetics 57 5 3 1 5 Cropped Sensor Mode 58 5 3 1 6 Photon Counting 59 5 3 1 6 1 Photon Counting in Real Time 60 5 3 2 Readout Modes 61 5 3 2 1 Image Mode 61 5 3 2 1 1 Sub Image 62 5 3 2 1 1 Image Orientation 62 5 3 2 2 Multi Track Mode 63 5 3 2 3 Full Vertical Binning Fvb 64 5 3 3 Binning 65 5 3 3 1 Vertical Binning 65 5 3 3 2 Horizontal Binning 66 5 3 4 Ccd Clocking Speed 67 5 3 4 1 Ver...

Page 6: ... 5 3 8 2 Virtual Memory 77 5 3 8 3 Auto Save 78 5 4 Image Intensifier Settings 79 5 4 1 Gate Modes 79 5 4 2 Using Gate Monitor 79 5 4 3 Mcp Gain 81 5 4 4 Insertion Delay 82 5 4 5 Intelligate 84 5 4 6 Integrate on Chip Ioc 85 5 4 7 Digital Delay Generator Ddg 87 5 4 7 1 Gater 87 5 4 7 2 Output A B C 87 5 4 7 3 Optical Width 87 5 4 7 4 Gate Step 88 5 5 Triggering Modes 90 5 5 1 Internal Trigger 90 5...

Page 7: ...tion IOC Disabled And Gate Step Disabled 97 6 1 3 1 2 Integrate on Chip IOC Enabled 98 6 1 3 1 3 Gate Step Enabled 99 6 1 3 1 4 IOC and Gate Step Enabled 100 6 1 3 2 Number of Accumulations 1 101 6 1 3 2 1 Standard Operation IOC Disabled and Gate Step Disabled 101 6 1 3 2 2 Integrate on Chip IOC Enabled 102 6 1 3 2 3 Gate Step Enabled 103 6 1 3 2 4 IOC and Gate Step Enabled 104 6 1 4 Acquisition M...

Page 8: ...15 6 2 2 1 2 2 Advanced Burst Pulses per Trigger 116 6 2 2 1 2 3 Advanced Burst Fit Pulses per Exposure 117 6 2 2 1 3 Gate Step Enabled 118 6 2 2 1 4 IOC and Gate Step Enabled 119 6 2 2 1 4 1 Default One Pulse per Trigger 119 6 2 2 1 4 2 Advanced Burst Pulses per Trigger 122 6 2 2 1 4 3 Advanced Burst Fit Pulses per Exposure 123 6 2 2 2 Number of Accumulations 1 124 6 2 2 2 1 Standard Operation IO...

Page 9: ... 4 1 Standard Operation IOC Disabled and Gate Step Disabled 133 6 2 4 2 Integrate on Chip IOC Enabled 134 6 2 4 2 1 Default One Pulse per Trigger 134 6 2 4 2 2 Advanced Burst Pulses per Trigger 135 6 2 4 2 3 Advanced Burst Fit Pulsesper Exposure 136 6 2 4 3 Gate Step Enabled 137 6 2 4 4 Ioc And Gate Step Enabled 138 6 2 4 4 1 Default One Pulse per Trigger 138 6 2 4 4 2 Advanced Burst Pulses per Tr...

Page 10: ...ing 144 Counts 145 Dark Signal 145 Detection Limit 145 Exposure Time 145 Keep Cleans 145 Image Intensifiers 146 Photocathodes and windows 146 Internal reflection in the input Window 147 Micro Channel Plate MCP 148 Phosphors 148 Coupling to the sensor 148 Noise 149 Pixel Noise 149 Readout Noise 149 Fixed Pattern Noise 149 Quantum Efficiency Spectral Response 150 Readout 150 ...

Page 11: ...151 Scan Types Keep Clean Acquired 151 Shift Register 151 Shot Noise 151 Signal to Noise Ratio 151 A2 TERMS CONDITIONS 152 A3 STANDARD WARRANTY AND WARRANTY SERVICES 152 A4 THE WASTE ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT REGULATIONS WEEE 2006 155 ...

Page 12: ...not be used or stored close to EMI RFI generators electrostatic field generators electro magneticor radioactive devices or other similar sources of high energy fields 12 Operation of the system close to intense pulsed sources e g plasma sources arc welders radio frequency generators X ray instruments and pulsed discharge optical sources may compromise performance if shielding to the New iStar is i...

Page 13: ... the incident signal intensity as seen through the MCP gain chain Above a certain level the high voltage power supply at the MCP shuts down to prevent damage However when only a sub section of the phosphor photocathode is illuminated damage can occur without the high voltage supply shutting down Applications involving focusing of strong spectral line features or confined bright spots in a imaging ...

Page 14: ...mera on an optical system the black grommet which covers the image intensifier and protects it from unwanted photo bleaching must be carefully removed without the use of any tools such as screwdrivers saFety symbols The following are explanations of the safety symbols found on this product Caution potential hazard Caution risk of electric shock This product has been tested to the requirements of C...

Page 15: ...ontact your local Andor representative Contact details are available in Section 1 3 1 2 WORKING WITH THE USER GUIDE This User Guide is your road map to the Andor New iStar software and hardware In the software section all the controls needed for an operation are grouped and sequenced appropriately in on screen windows As far as possible the descriptions in this User Guide are laid out in sections ...

Page 16: ...y plc 7 Millennium Way Springvale Business Park Belfast BT12 7AL Northern Ireland Tel 44 0 28 9023 7126 Fax 44 0 28 9031 0792 Asia Pacific Andor Technology Japan 4F NE Sarugakucho Building 2 7 6 Sarugaku Cho Chiyoda Ku Tokyo 101 0064 Japan Tel 81 3 3518 6488 Fax 81 3 3518 6489 USA Andor Technology 425 Sullivan Avenue Suite 3 South Windsor CT 06074 USA Tel 1 860 290 9211 Fax 1 860 290 9566 China An...

Page 17: ... provided herein COPYRIGHT AND PROTECTIVE NOTICES The copyright in this document and the associated drawings are the property of Andor Technology plc and all rights are reserved This document and the associated drawings are issued on condition that they are not copied reprinted or reproduced nor their contents disclosed The publication of information in this documentation does not imply freedom fr...

Page 18: ...age category CAT II Pollution degree 2 Ingress protection rating IP20 Electromagnetic compatibility This is a Class A product In a domestic environment this product may cause electromagnetic interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures Cooling vent clearance 100 mm minimum Dimensions W x D x H 110 7 x 231 0 x 137 2 mm 4 36 x 9 09 x 5 40 inches Weight 4 2 kg 9 lb 4 ...

Page 19: ... and gating circuitry Digital Delay Generator DDG Thermoelectric cooling interface Input output connectors including USB triggering and gating signal monitoring 1x USB 2 0 cable for connection to PC 2x BNC to SMA cables for synchronization with external events equipment 1x Gate monitor cable Power Supply Unit PSU PS 90 PowerPax SW4189 Model STD 12090 with 3 pin Redel Connector Fitted Software in C...

Page 20: ... iStar ICCD Introduction to the New iStar 2 2 Mechanical drawings Weight 4 2 kg 9 lb 4 oz Figure 2 New iStar mechanical layout Note The 10 mm optical distance is taken from the front surface of the input faceplate ...

Page 21: ...ise e 50 kHz 1 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 5 4 7 10 14 16 20 24 50 5 7 8 12 14 18 20 50 Maximum frame and spectral rates Frame 2 x 2 binning Crop mode frame 10 rows 15 8 fps 28 5 fps 633 fps 4 2 fps 7 3 fps 333 fps FVB Crop mode spectrum 10 rows 291 sps 5 556 sps 145 sps 3 450 sps Fast Kinetics 4 rows 2 rows 32 150 Hz 55 250 Hz 29 850 Hz Sensitivity 2 to 10 e count software selectable 1 to 5 e count software ...

Page 22: ... 100 000 e Register well depth 550 000 e 150 000 e Read noise e 50 kHz 1 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 7 9 12 13 19 20 25 32 6 8 9 12 12 18 focussing mode only Maximum frame and spectral rates Frame 2 x 2 binning Crop mode frame 10 rows 15 9 fps 28 9 fps 320 fps 2 5 fps 5 6 fps 184 fps FVB Crop mode spectrum 10 rows 322 sps 2 941 sps 135 sps 1 825 sps Fast Kinetics 4 rows 2 rows 16 610 Hz 26 590 Hz 16 950 Hz Se...

Page 23: ...sifier resolution limit 25 µm 30 µm 25 µm 25 µm 25 µm 25 µm 35 µm Phosphor type decay time to 10 P43 2 ms P46 200 ns P43 2 ms P43 2 ms P43 2 ms P43 2 ms P43 2 ms Minimum optical gate width ns U Ultrafast F Fast H High QE 2 5 2 5 5 10 50 100 2 5 3 7 Maximum relative gain 1000 500 1000 850 500 300 1000 Maximum photocathode repetition rate with Intelligate OFF 500 kHz continuous Maximum photocathode ...

Page 24: ... 810 200 910 Image intensifier resolution limit 30 µm 30 µm 30 µm 30 µm 40 µm Phosphor type decay time to 10 P43 2 ms Minimum optical gate width ns U Ultrafast 2 F Fast 5 Maximum relative gain 200 Maximum photocathode repetition rate with Intelligate OFF 500 kHz continuous Maximum photocathode repetition rate with Intelligate ON 5 kHz continuous Equivalent Background Illuminance EBI e pix sec 0 1 ...

Page 25: ...OS level reference signal to indicate when system is ready to accept external triggers Signal goes high when system is ready to accept external triggers after a complete readout has finished including keep clean and goes low when the exposure is finished Gate output A B and C jitter 35 ps rms relative to external trigger signal Trigger INPUTS External trigger Trigger input for CCD and Digital Dela...

Page 26: ...ooling is employed or the coolant temperature circulating through the heat sink when liquid cooling is utilized 2 8 1 Air Cooling Air cooling is the most convenient method of removing heat from the detector head but it will not achieve as low an operating temperature as water cooling Even with a fan a heat sink typically needs to be 10ºC hotter than the ambient room temperature to transfer heat ef...

Page 27: ...ommended that they be turned on again and the camera head allowed to thermally re stabilize i e dissipate the excess heat built up in the heatsinks from both the Peltier cooler and gating circuitry before the next acquisition can begin Figure 3 Fan control interface in Solis software 2 8 3 Water Cooling Circulating water is a very efficient method of removing heat from the heatsink The heatsink te...

Page 28: ...nnected to the coolant channel within the camera head Please refer to the New iStar specification sheets for further details and ordering information Figure 4 Dew point graph 2 8 4 Condensation Condensation may be seen on the outside of the camera body if the temperature of the liquid coolant is too low or if the coolant flow is too great The first signs of condensation will usually be visible aro...

Page 29: ...hich charge from the image area is not being read out Arm 5V CMOS level reference signal to indicate when system is ready to accept external triggers Signal goes high when system is ready to accept external triggers after a readout sequence has finished and goes low when the exposure is finished Direct Gate TTL compatible input used to directly gate the photocathode of the image intensifier tube i...

Page 30: ...ction facing in with pin outs Power A 3 pin power connector is fitted for power connection with the following pinout Figure 6 Power connector pin outs Matching cable connector is 3 pin Redel no PAH N0 3GL LC65G Earthing stud Means of providing protective earth connection to camera head when it is not or cannot be provided via the 3 pin power connector Before inserting the power connector ensure th...

Page 31: ... Power Supply Unit PSU The New iStar system is designed to be powered from an SW4189 external PSU Andor P N PS 90 as shown below This requires an AC mains input between 100 240 V 47 63 Hz and a maximum supply current of 1 6A The output of the SW4189 is 12V DC at 9 0A maximum The SW4189 PSU is fitted with an IEC connector for the electrical supply input The connection to the New iStar is made via a...

Page 32: ...pectrograph 163 303 500 and 750 mm focal lengths family and Mechelle 5000 Echelle spectrograph for broadband LIBS Spectrograph mounting flanges and software control are available for a wide variety of 3rd party spectrographs including McPherson JY Horiba PI Acton Chromex Bruker Oriel Newport Photon Design Dongwoo Bentham Solar TII and others Please contact your local representative for further det...

Page 33: ... allow correct grounding through the connector cable Good grounding maintains the low noise performance of the detector and in severe environments may prevent the instrument from damage 3 1 2 Attaching to a Lens System The Andor New iStar can also be easily connected to a lens system for imaging purposes Andor local representative can supply details of the available adaptors for connecting the det...

Page 34: ...the New iStar camera suitable for connection to 6 mm 0 25 internal diameter soft PVC tubing hose The recommended tubing should have 10 mm 0 4 outside diameter i e a wall thickness of 2 mm 0 08 Alternative hose dimensions and materials should be thoroughly tested to ensure a leak tight seal is achieved with the barbed inserts Once the hose has been secured to the barb connection to the camera is ac...

Page 35: ...rth is NOT provided to the camera head through the 3 pin power connector the earthing stud on the rear of the New iStar camera head MUST be connected to the buildings protective earth system The gauge of cable used for this connection must be 20 AWG or lower i e wire diameter 0 812 mm The equipment should be positioned in such a way that the mains supply plug cord can be easily accessed for discon...

Page 36: ...any programmes which are running on the PC 2 Insert the Andor Solis CD The InstallShield Wizard should now start If it does not start automatically run the file setup exe directly from the CD 3 Select appropriate location for installation of software and drivers on your computer network 4 When prompted select New iStar as shown below 5 Continue installation and restart your computer when prompted ...

Page 37: ...re was installed to on the PC then click Next so that the Installation Wizard can start 4 When the hardware installation has been completed the following screen will appear 5 Click the Finish button to complete the installation Note If the camera is connected to a different USB port steps 1 5 will have to be repeated on the first connection only 6 Check that the New iStar is correctly recognized a...

Page 38: ... ICCD Solis Software Operation 4 1 STARTING THE APPLICATION On the computer laptop desktop click on the icon The following Solis splash screen appears The Main Window then appears e g SECTION 4 SOLIS SOFTWARE OPERATION ...

Page 39: ...sequence Take signal Acquistion autoscale live window Pause kinetic series sequence Abort acquistion 99 to 1 contrast ratio adjustment Stop kinetic series sequence Setup acquisition Data histogram display Playback autoscale Off Run time control Region of interest settings Baseline correction Shutter control File information Periodic table Spurious noise filter 2D display mode with peak labels Temp...

Page 40: ...ssociated buttons appear only when a Program Editor Window is active e g 4 2 1 Main Window Status Bar The following information is displayed on the bottom line of the display Current temperature status Autoscale acquisition status Sub area dimension and location Acquisition mode Data type Readout speed No of bits and amplifier in use Solis Software Operation ...

Page 41: ...ct ratio off expand y axis On image if maintain aspect ratio on expand x axis and y axis ü Home Move cursor furthest left ü ü ü End Move cursor furthest right ü ü ü PgUp Scroll up through track ü ü ü PgDn Scroll down through tracks ü ü ü Shift PgUp Move to next image in series ü ü ü Shift PgDn Move to previous image in series ü ü ü Left Arrow Move cursor left ü ü ü Right Arrow Move cursor right ü ...

Page 42: ...ogram Esc Abort acquisition program Ctrl L Command line Ctrl F1 Context sensitive help on reserved words in the Andor Basic programming language Program Editor Window must be active Ctrl S Save Ctrl P Print Table 7 Andor Basic Programming Language Hot Keys Solis Software Operation ...

Page 43: ...S Keys Allows addition of user s own FITS information Configuration Files Loads or saves custom acquisition mode settings New Program Launches a program editor window for Andor Basic Run Program Runs Andor Basic program in active window Run Program by Filename Runs an Andor Basic program from a specific location Custom Program Button Adds or removes button shortcut for specific Andor Basic program...

Page 44: ... data based on predefined shutter or image intensifier settings Take Reference Instructs the system to acquire reference signal from external light source Abort Acquisition Stops the existing acquisition sequence Autoscale Acquisition Configures the acquisition window to scale automatically during acquisition sequence when selected ü Temperature Warnings Displays any messages associated to setups ...

Page 45: ... x axis of the active data window via specific dispersion calibration from a spectrograph see screenshot below Change Units Allows user to change the x axis units of an active data window which has been previously calibrated e g cm 1 nm or eV Remove X Calibration Allows user to remove any calibration previously applied to a data window Figure 11 X Calibration by Spectrograph interface Spectrograph...

Page 46: ... etc Solis Software Operation 4 4 5 Hardware Menu The Hardware drop down menu provides the following options 4 4 6 View Menu The View drop down menu allows user to enable or disable quick access icon bars display on the main Solis window as well as reset the display of these icon bars to a default arrangement Setup Spectrograph Allows user to select setup and load calibration for the spectrograph ...

Page 47: ...ows user to plot a histogram showing the signal data intensity versus number of pixels holding the same intensity value Scale to Active Allows overlaid signal traces to be rescaled to the active set of data range Region of Interest Allows user to define a specific area of interest ROI in an acquisition window Solis Software Operation 4 4 8 Window Menu The Window drop down menu provides the followi...

Page 48: ...ogramming language With the cursor on or immediately after a reserved word this specific help can be accessed by Ctrl F1 If you have any suggestions as to how our software hardware and documentation might be improved please let us know by contacting your local Andor representative see Section 1 3 Solis Software Operation 4 4 9 Help Menu The Help drop down menu provides the following options Solis ...

Page 49: ...asic that can be used to setup custom acquisition sequences For example to run a sequence of 100 single scans with a 1 second delay between each scan the following program can be used create 1 detectorx detectory 100 creates a dataset 1 large enough to store all images setkineticnumber 1 takes one image each time the loop iterates for i 1 to 100 run acquires an image 1 i 0 1 copies the acquired da...

Page 50: ... in blue and the Cooler will be indicated as On e g To adjust the temperature either type in the new figure in the Degrees C box or move the slider bar down or up Once the desired temperature has been selected click OK The dialog box will disappear and the Temperature Control button in the bottom left of the screen will show the current temperature highlighted in red e g This figure will change as...

Page 51: ...the cooling fan can also be controlled Select Fan Control from the Hardware drop down menu as shown The Fan control dialog box will appear Select whether fans should be activated or deactivated during cooling and or acquisition Pre Acquisition Setup CCD ...

Page 52: ...ode additional acquisition related parameter fields will appear The following matrix lists the acquisition modes and the key set able parameters Mode Exposure Time Accumulate Cycle Time No Of Accumulations Kinetic Cycle Time No in Kinetic Series Single Scan ü Accumulate ü ü ü Kinetic ü ü ü ü Note The value entered in one field e g exposure time may affect the value in another field e g acquisition...

Page 53: ...ip Several scans may be involved in a complete data acquisition The minimum time required for an acquisition is dependent on a number of factors including the exposure time i e the time in seconds during which the CCD collects light prior to readout and the triggering mode Triggering modes are described in more detail later in this section 5 3 1 1 Single Scan Single scan is the simplest acquisitio...

Page 54: ... can then be set Exposure Time Delay The interval required between scans Note When entering too low a value the system will default to a minimum delay Resolution sub image area Size of the sub image in pixels Binning pattern Super pixel size in pixels Note When the Use Settings From Standard Setup option is selected these parameters cannot be altered The system will acquire data only as quickly as...

Page 55: ...ing parameters can be entered in the Setup Acquisition dialog box Exposure Time Accumulated Cycle Time The period in seconds between each scan This parameter is only available when internal triggering is selected No of Accumulations The number of scans to be added together Note This mode can be used to effectively improve the acquisition signal to noise ratio Pre Acquisition Setup CCD ...

Page 56: ...art of two consecutive scans within a kinetic series Number in Kinetic Series The number of scans taken in the kinetic series This mode is particularly well suited to recording the temporal evolution of a process and can also be used in conjunction with accumulation mode for further signal to noise ratio enhancement Note If External trigger is selected the Kinetic Cycle dialog box will indicate th...

Page 57: ...he sequence moves into the readout phase by shifting in turn the individual acquisitions to the readout register which is then read out From the Setup Acquisition dialog box the following parameters can be configured Exposure time the exposure time also represents the cycle time of the Fast Kinetics series There is no separate parameter for a fast kinetics cycle time Sub Area Height in rows Number...

Page 58: ...s and reads out at a proportionally faster frame rate The smaller the defined array size the faster the frame rate achievable The cropped area must be positioned in the bottom left of the sensor thus the subject of study should be first positioned in this area rather than centrally located Note Special offset flanges for Andor spectrographs are available so that crop area of the sensor is position...

Page 59: ...tiplicative noise Photon Counting mode does not measure the exact intensity of a single photon spike but instead registers its presence above a threshold value It does this for a succession of exposures and combines the individual binary images to create the final image As such this mode of operation is not affected by the multiplication noise which otherwise describes the distribution of multipli...

Page 60: ...es Length required The Photon Counting Threshold tab provides the following interface Min Threshold and Max Threshold values can be set to define the signal intensity range considered for the detection of the single photons events The new iStar photon counting mode allows selection of several counting levels to especially differentiate several photons from a single pixel or column the latter is es...

Page 61: ... Track Full Vertical Binning FVB 5 3 2 1 Image Mode The default image display mode is referred to as full resolution image whereby signal information in counts of each individual pixel of the CCD is reported and accessible e g By selecting the Binning tab in the setup aquisition interface the following options appear This interface allows the user to tailor the image display through sub arrays sub...

Page 62: ...e desired aquisition area on the CCD chip To user define a sub image the custom radio button should be selected so that the co ordinate fields appear Draw In addition to the previous methods of defining a sub image on the sensor a Draw option can be used to graphically select the size and location of the sub image A full resolution image must first be acquired to provide the template on which the ...

Page 63: ...s e g There are two modes of operation i e Standard or Custom In Standard mode the user defines the Number of tracks the Height Offset The software automatically calculates the position of the tracks by distributing them evenly across the sensor In Custom mode the user has the ability to define the tracks as required e g The user can also save the position of the individual tracks to a file that c...

Page 64: ...n FVB mode is selected in the Setup Acquisition dialog box as shown below For some spectrographs it may be necessary to change the direction in which the data is displayed on screen This is accessible in the setup acquisition dialogue in the FVB tab as shown below In some instances spectral rate can be more important than spatial spectral resolution For such applications horizontal binning can be ...

Page 65: ...rows of pixels on the CCD sensor The rows form a single track across the full width of the CCD sensor 2 Multi Track This mode differs from single track in that user now defines two or more tracks groups of rows on the CCD from which to read out charges In processing terms each track is treated as in single track 3 Full Vertical Binning FVB Charges from each complete column of pixels on the CCD are...

Page 66: ...erpixel Since this example initially involves binning charge from two rows the process begins in the same way as the previous example see Steps 1 4 of Vertical Binning section 4 Charges from two rows have already been vertically binned into the shift register Charges in the shift register are now moved horizontally by one pixel so that charges on the endmost pixel of the shift register are moved i...

Page 67: ...pacted Vertical Clock Amplitude Voltage The vertical clock voltage amplitude can be used to increase the amplitude of the clock pulses used to perform row shifts on the CCD The normal setting is the default amplitude which has been set at the factory during the optimization and testing of the camera The other settings if available specify the voltage increase to be applied to this clock amplitude ...

Page 68: ...t of gain applied to the video signal emerging from the CCD and allows the user to control the sensitivity of the camera system Depending on the system there are up to three options available They are again selected from a drop down menu on the Setup Acquisition dialogue box These normalized gain settings will correspond to system sensitivities specified on the performance sheets in terms of elect...

Page 69: ...ge of the equipment A shutter can be used to take a reference or background if FVB is selected For either multi track or image mode the shutter may be required to avoid unnecessary signals light falling on the photocathode or CCD during the readout process When the Shutter Control option is selected from the Hardware drop down menu or the button is clicked the shutter control dialog box opens e g ...

Page 70: ... the duration of the CCD exposure time If CLOSED for background mode is selected any shutter driven from the shutter output of the camera will be closed during background acquisition only The TTL Transistor Transistor Logic buttons TTL Low TTL High allow user to instruct the system as to how it should control the opening and closing of the shutter i e open or closed status during high or low TTL s...

Page 71: ...stage shutter should either be left fully opened and image intensifier photocathode becomes the sole signal shuttering interface in the system or CCD acquisition rate should be decreased By default the value entered in the exposure time text box on the Setup Acquisition dialog box determines the length of time the shutter will be in the open state However to accommodate the transfer time the risin...

Page 72: ... the calculations refers to raw data from the detector and should not be confused with the possibly processed data to be found under the Sig tab of the Data window Background Data in uncorrected counts acquired in darkness Reference Background corrected data Reference data is normally acquired from the light source without the light having been reflected from or having passed though the material b...

Page 73: ... Reference Where M is the Mean of Reference Absorbance units A measure of light absorbed by an object i e they represent the object s Optical Density OD If Reference is the background corrected incident intensity and Signal Background the transmitted intensity i e the intensity of light which has passed through the material being examined then Transmission Signal Background Reference Absorbance Un...

Page 74: ...ll be computed as 100 x 1 Signal Background Reference The default data type used when capturing data and having not explicitly made a selection from the Data Type dialog box is counts If any data type other than counts or counts Bg Corrected are selected user will have to perform Take Background and Take Reference in that order before performing Take Signal Pre Acquisition Setup Data ...

Page 75: ...tem will configure the acquisition window if necessary adjusting its scales in real time so that all data values are displayed as they are acquired The button appears when selected on The data are displayed in accordance with the selection made on the Rescale Data Mode on the Display Menu Different scaling modes are available as follows Minimum maximum Min Max Zero maximum 0 Max Zero 16383 0 16383...

Page 76: ...most PC RAM can handle To select click on the Spooling tab and the Spooling dialog box appears e g With the spooling function enabled data is written directly to the hard disk of you PC as it is being acquired The Enable Spooling function should be selected as shown below and user should enter the relevant stem name and location root e g Note Spooling large amounts of data straight to hard disk fo...

Page 77: ...d This works by buffering data in the hard drive of the PC The Virtual Memory option is selected from the File menu e g This will open the Virtual Memory dialog box e g User should select the Enable box and the required Threshold level The data is normally saved to the default directory shown in the Location field Alternatively user can click on the button and choose a different area to save the d...

Page 78: ...uent auto saved file will over write the previously auto saved one In the Auto Save dialog box a Stem Name may be entered This is the main root of the name that the acquisition is to be saved as The Stem Name can be appended with a number of details e g Operator name supplied by user Computer name Camera type Date Time An auto increment On Off tick box allows a number to also be entered to the mai...

Page 79: ...iStar which has a BNC connector on one end for attaching to an oscilloscope When Intelligate see section 5 4 5 is selected an additional gate monitor spike precedes the spike from the photocathode This spike corresponds to the MCP switching on User should set the oscilloscope to trigger on the steepest part of Output A typically to of the peak amplitude The Fire pulse may also be used but its jitt...

Page 80: ...e to 50 Ω Set Voltage amplitude to 500 mV Long Gate Widths 1 us For example 100 us gate width Set input impedance on oscilloscope to 1 MΩ Set Voltage amplitude to 500 mV Pre Acquisition Setup Image Intensifier Fire Pulse Blue Gate Monitor Yellow Output A Green Fire Pulse Blue Gate Monitor Yellow Output A Green ...

Page 81: ...CP is increased and hence the signal reaching the CCD sensor is amplified The value can be entered in the MCP Gain text box of the Setup Gating tab of the Setup Acquisition dialog box It can also be selected on the Run time control dialog box e g The graph below shows typically how the signal level on the CCD sensor varies with increasing gain setting Note MCP gain versus DAC settings is reported ...

Page 82: ...A radio button allows the user to select between Normal and Ultra Fast options Switching from Ultra Fast to Normal adds 100 ns delay to the gate pulse This allows the MCP voltage to rise and settle when using Intelligate before opening the photocathode Intelligate is not available when using Ultra Fast insertion delay Pre Acquisition Setup Image Intensifier External Trigger to intensifier opening ...

Page 83: ...age 83 New iStar ICCD Pre Acquisition Setup Image Intensifier Direct Gate to intensifier opening Ultra Fast 20 ns Normal 120 ns Fire pulse to intensifier opening using DDG Ultra Fast 50 ns Normal 150 ns ...

Page 84: ...e solution to this as utilized by Andor s Intelligate function is to gate the MCP as well as the photocathode A checkbox is accessible under the Gating tab of the Setup Acquisition menu allows the user to apply the Intelligate function The gating electronics will output a fast rising edge that is sent to the MCP After a 100 ns delay which allows the MCP voltage to rise and settle the photocathode ...

Page 85: ... mode also allows to mimimize the CCD dark current contribution by filling up the CCD exposure time with multiple useful signal contributions further enhancing the overall signal to noise performance A checkbox accessible on the Gating tab of the Setup Acquisition interface allows the user to apply the Integrate On Chip function and is only available in DDG gate mode IOC allows several gate pulses...

Page 86: ...user defined period frequency Any subsequent triggers that arrived within the exposure time are ignored INTERNAL TRIGGER IOC OPTIONS DESCRIPTION Pulses per Exposure Fit to CCD exposure Software calculates the maximum number of pulses that can fit into the exposure The Fire pulse generates the first pulse determined by the delay and width fields subsequent pulses are generated internally in the DDG...

Page 87: ... can drive 5 V into a non terminating load or 2 5 V into 50 Ω load The outputs can be used to synchronize triggers for auxiliary equipment e g lasers flash lamps or National Instrument hardware It is recommended that these outputs be use as a trigger sources rather than the Fire pulse since they have better jitter performance with respect to the gate pulse Fire pulse is best used as an indication ...

Page 88: ...ted incrementally to the gate delay during a series of acquisitions Variable The user can also set up a variable gate step by selecting the Variable tick box on the gate step interface of the Setup Gater tab The Setup button and the Setup Variable Gate Step dialog box will open e g The Variable Gate Step option allows the user to configure the gate delay such that it changes in a variable fashion ...

Page 89: ...d scan i e the gate delay changes to 27 000 ps and by 1 000 5 000 3 16 000 ps after the third scan i e the gate delay changes to 43 000 ps This means that the gate delay for the final scan in the series is 33 000 ps 6 000 11 000 16 000 larger than the gate delay for the first scan in the series Note In fluorescence lifetime measurements gate delay and gate step parameters can be set to allow a ser...

Page 90: ...t The external keep clean consists of a continuous sequence of one vertical shift followed by one horizontal shift Once the External Trigger is received the current keep clean sequence is completed and the exposure phase initiated The exact nature of the acquisition will depend on the user settings and is explained in more detail in a subsequent section The external trigger is fed via the Ext Trig...

Page 91: ...ult fast external trigger allows a higher frame rate than standard external trigger The Arm is set low and the Fire pulse high approximately one keep clean cycle later If one is monitoring on the oscilloscope the external trigger with respect to the Fire pulse the jitter of one keep clean cycle will be seen Note that the intensifier will open in response to that first external trigger and the jitt...

Page 92: ... In this mode the camera will perform a sequence of External Keep Clean Cycles while waiting for one external trigger event to occur and then start the acquisition process going Once this external trigger event has occurred the camera will switch to internal trigger and the acquisition will progress as if the camera was in internal trigger mode ...

Page 93: ...Disabled Description One gate pulse is generated within the exposure A delay relative to the rising edge of the Fire pulse can be applied to the Gate pulse and output A B C Setup IOC disabled output A enabled Waveforms Operation SECTION 6 OPERATION GATING TRIGGERING SYNCHRONIZATION Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 94: ...abled Description Several gate pulses are generated within the exposure A delay relative to the rising edge of the Fire pulse can be applied to the gate pulse and output A B C Setup IOC enabled output A enabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 95: ...IOC disabled gate step disabled output A enabled Waveforms Timings are the same as in kinetic series 1 accumulation standard operation IOC disabled and gate step disabled See sections 6 1 3 1 1 and 6 1 3 2 1 6 1 2 2 Integrate on Chip IOC Description Several gate pulses are generated within each exposure The gate delay is the same for each of the exposures Setup IOC enabled output A enabled Wavefor...

Page 96: ...Page 96 New iStar ICCD 6 1 3 Acquisition Mode Kinetic 6 1 3 1 Number of Accumulations 1 A number of single images will be acquired in the series Operation ...

Page 97: ...bled and Gate Step Disabled Description One gate pulse is generated within an exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure in the series Setup IOC disabled gate step disabled output A enabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 98: ...te on Chip IOC Enabled Description Several gate pulses are generated within an exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure in the series Setup IOC enabled Output A enabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 99: ...on One gate pulse is generated within an exposure For every successive exposure in the series the gate delay applied is incremented by the gate step value Setup Gate step enabled Output A enabled trackstep disabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 100: ...everal gate pulses are generated within an exposure For every successive exposure in the series the gate delay applied is incremented by the gate step value Setup IOC enabled gate step enabled output A enabled trackstep disabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 101: ...ation IOC Disabled and Gate Step Disabled Description One gate pulse is generated within an exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure within an accumulated image The gate delay is also the same for every accumulated image that is returned Setup IOC disabled gate step disabled Output A enabled Waveform Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 102: ...te pulses are generated within an exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure within an accumulated image The gate delay is also the same for every accumulated image that is returned Setup IOC enabled Output A enabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 103: ...ed within an exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure within an accumulated image The gate delay is incremented for every accumulated image that is returned Setup Gate step enabled Output A enabled trackstep disabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 104: ...ted within an exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure within an accumulated image The gate delay is incremented for every accumulated image that is returned Setup IOC enabled gate step enabled output A enabled trackstep disabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 105: ...Star ICCD 6 1 4 Acquisition Mode Photon Counting Same as Acquisition Mode Kinetic operation Please refer to section 5 3 1 6 to set up the appropriate counting thresholds 6 1 5 Acquisition Mode Fast Kinetics Operation ...

Page 106: ...bled and Gate Step Disabled Description One gate pulse is generated within an exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure in the series Setup IOC disabled gate step disabled Output A enabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 107: ...e on Chip IOC Enabled Description Several gate pulses are generated within an exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure in the series Setup IOC enabled Output A enabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 108: ...thin an exposure For every successive exposure in the series the gate delay applied is incremented by the gate step value The fire pulse rate cannot exceed 15 kHz in this particular mode Setup Gate step enabled Output A enabled trackstep disabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 109: ...ithin an exposure For every successive exposure in the series the gate delay applied is incremented by the gate step value The fire pulse rate cannot exceed 15 kHz in this particular mode Setup IOC enabled gate step enabled Output A enabled trackstep disabled Waveforms Operation Fire Gate Monitor Output A ...

Page 110: ...C Disabled Description The external trigger generates one gate pulse per exposure A delay relative to the trigger can be applied to the gate pulse and output A B C Any subsequent triggers that arrive during the exposure are ignored Setup IOC disabled Waveforms Operation External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 111: ...the standard mode of operation in external trigger Every external trigger within an exposure will generate only one gate pulse A gate delay is applied that is the same per every trigger within an exposure Setup IOC enabled output A B C disabled Waveforms Operation External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM One Pulse per Trgger ...

Page 112: ...ger Description The user can select for multiple pulses per trigger The external trigger generates the first pulse subsequent pulses are generated internally by a user defined period frequency Waveforms Operation External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM Burst per Trgger ...

Page 113: ...Page 113 New iStar ICCD 6 2 2 Acquisition Mode Kinetic 6 2 2 1 Number of Accumulations 1 A number of single images will be acquired in the series Operation ...

Page 114: ...Step Disabled Description The external trigger generates one gate pulse per exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure in the series Setup IOC disabled gate step disabled output A B C disabled Waveforms Operation External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 115: ...ral gate pulses can be generated within an exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same per every trigger within an exposure Every external trigger within an exposure can generate only one gate pulse Setup IOC enabled output A B C disabled Waveforms Operation One Pulse per Trgger External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 116: ...er Description The user can select multiple pulses per trigger The external trigger generates the first pulse and subsequent pulses are generated internally by a user defined period frequency Waveforms Burst per Trigger Operation External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 117: ...rnal trigger generates the first gate pulse subsequent gate pulses are generated internally via a user defined frequency or period The maximum number of pulses is applied that can fit into the exposure or the user defines the number of pulses per exposure Any subsequent triggers that arrive during the exposure are ignored Waveforms Fit to CCD Exposure Burst per Exposure External Trigger Fire Gate ...

Page 118: ...cription The external trigger generates one gate pulse per exposure For every successive exposure in the series the gate delay applied is incremented by the gate step value Setup Gate step enabled output A B C disabled Waveforms External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 119: ...ate delay is applied that is the same per every trigger within an exposure For every successive exposure in the series the gate delay applied is incremented by the gate step value Every external trigger within an exposure can generate only one gate pulse Setup IOC enabled gate step output A B C disabled Waveforms CCD Settings One pulse trigger External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 120: ...s than 7 5 ms or 11 5 ms if other channels are tracking the gate step Since this clean cycle depends on the sensor and vertical shift speed combination the table below shows the recommended settings Unless stated otherwise the maximum trigger rate is to 500 kHz 5 khz for intelligate a When incrementing the gate delay only When using trigger rates less than 133 Hz the recommended setup is Vertical ...

Page 121: ...ensor 11 3 DH340T 42 10 sensor 12 9 DH312T 77 00 sensor 6 5 When using trigger rates greater than 87 Hz the recommended setup is Vertical Shift Speed µsecs clean cycle msecs for information only DH334T 47 10 sensor 6 5 13 5 DH320T 30 11 sensor 22 5 107 Hz maximum 9 3 DH340T 42 10 sensor 25 7 16 6 DH312T 77 00 sensor 25 7 15 4 Note This mode is not supported in fast external trigger or when using f...

Page 122: ...rates the first pulse subsequent pulses are generated internally by a user defined Period Frequency A gate delay is applied that is the same per every trigger within an exposure For every successive exposure in the series the gate delay applied is incremented by the gate step value Waveforms Operation Burst per Exposure External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 123: ...ternal trigger generates the first gate pulse subsequent gate pulses are generated internally via a user defined frequency or period The maximum number of pulses is applied that can fit into the exposure given the final gate delay in the series or the user defines the number of pulses per exposure Any subsequent triggers that arrive during the exposure Waveforms Burst per Exposure Fit to CCD Expos...

Page 124: ...ription The external trigger generates one gate pulse per exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure within an accumulated image The gate delay is also the same for every accumulated image that is returned Setup IOC disabled gate step disabled output A B C disabled Waveforms External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 125: ...d within an exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same per every trigger within an accumulated image The gate delay is also the same for every accumulated image that is returned Every external trigger within an exposure will generate only one gate Setup IOC enabled output A B C disabled Waveforms External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM One Pulse per Trigger ...

Page 126: ... per Trigger Description The user can select for multiple pulses per trigger The external trigger generates the first pulse subsequent pulses are generated internally by a user defined period frequency Waveforms External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM Burst per Trigger ...

Page 127: ...d For each exposure the external trigger generates the first gate pulse subsequent gate pulses are generated internally via a user defined frequency or period The maximum number of pulses that can fit into the exposure is applied or alternatively the user defines the numbers of pulses per exposure Any subsequent triggers that arrive during the exposure are ignored Waveforms Operation Burst per Exp...

Page 128: ... one gate pulse per exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure within an accumulated image The gate delay is incremented for every accumulated image that is returned Setup Gate step enabled output A B C disabled Waveforms Operation External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 129: ...xposure A gate delay is applied that is the same per every trigger within an accumulated image The gate delay is incremented for every accumulated image that is returned Every external trigger within an exposure can generate only one gate pulse Setup IOC enabled gate step enabled output A B C disabled Waveforms External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM One Pulse per Trigger ...

Page 130: ...r generates the first pulse subsequent pulses are generated internally by a user defined period frequency A gate delay is applied that is the same per every trigger within an exposure For every successive exposure in the series the gate delay applied is incremented by the gate step value Operation Burst per Trigger External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 131: ...h exposure the external trigger generates the first gate pulse subsequent gate pulses are generated internally via a user defined frequency or period The maximum number of pulses is applied that can fit into the exposure given the final gate delay in the series or the user defines the numbers of pulses per exposure Any subsequent triggers that arrive during the exposure are ignored Waveforms Burst...

Page 132: ...e image is captured on a sub section of the sensor array with the remainder of the array being used as a storage area until the data series is readout The user can specify the exposure time for each frame within the series in seconds the size of the sub section capturing the image in rows and the binning pattern The number in the series can also be entered but is limited to a maximum value equal t...

Page 133: ...tep Disabled Description The external trigger generates one gate pulse per exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same for each exposure in the series Setup IOC disabled gate step disabled output A B C disabled Waveforms Operation External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 134: ...ion Several gate pulses can be generated within an exposure A gate delay is applied that is the same per every trigger within an exposure Every external trigger within an exposure can generate only one gate pulse Setup IOC enabled output A B C disabled Waveforms Operation External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 135: ...er trigger Description The user can select for multiple pulses per trigger The external trigger generates the first pulse subsequent pulses are generated internally by a user defined period frequency Waveforms Operation External Trigger Fire Gate Monitor ARM ...

Page 136: ...external trigger generates the first gate pulse subsequent gate pulses are generated internally via a user defined frequency or period The maximum number of pulses is applied that can fit into the exposure or the user defines the number of pulses per exposure Any subsequent triggers that arrive during the exposure are ignored Burst per Exposure Fit to CCD Exposure External Trigger Fire Gate Monito...

Page 137: ... external trigger generates one gate pulse per exposure For every successive exposure in the series the gate delay applied is incremented by the gate step value The external trigger rate can not exceed 15 kHz Setup Gate step output A B C disabled Waveforms Operation ...

Page 138: ... One Pulse per Trigger This mode is not supported with fast kinetics However IOC and gate step is available in internal trigger mode 6 2 4 4 2 Advanced Burst Pulses per Trigger This mode is not supported with fast kinetics However IOC and gate step is available in internal trigger mode ...

Page 139: ...ate pulse subsequent gate pulses are generated internally via a user defined frequency or period or the user defines the number of pulses per exposure The maximum number of pulses is applied that can fit into the exposure given the final gate delay in the series Any subsequent triggers that arrive during the exposure are ignored The external trigger rate cannot exceed 15 kHz Operation Burst per Ex...

Page 140: ...Page 140 New iStar ICCD Appendix APPENDIX A1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY ...

Page 141: ...Page 141 New iStar ICCD Appendix ...

Page 142: ...142 New iStar ICCD Appendix A2 GLOSSARY The glossary that follows will help familiarize the users and potential users with the design philosophy and some of the key terminology associated with the new iStar ...

Page 143: ...ht falls on an element electrons photoelectrons are produced and in normal operation these electrons are confined to their respective elements Thus if an image or any light pattern is projected on to the array a corresponding charge pattern will be produced To capture the image pattern into computer memory the charge pattern must be transferred off the chip and this is accomplished by making use o...

Page 144: ...to a binary number which can then be manipulated by the computer Background Background is a data acquisition made in darkness It is made up of fixed pattern noise and any signal due to dark current Binning Binning is a process that allows charge from two or more pixels to be combined on the CCD sensor prior to readout see section 5 3 3 Summing charge on the CCD and doing a single readout results i...

Page 145: ...sing an exposure time of less than a few seconds cooling the detector below 0ºC will generally remove most of the shot noise caused by dark signal Detection Limit The Detection Limit is a measure of the smallest signal that can be detected in a single readout The smallest signal is defined as the signal whose level is equal to the noise accompanying that signal i e a signal to noise ratio S N of u...

Page 146: ...tric field Gen 2 refers to multi alkali based photocathodes that present a wide wavelength coverage from UV up to 900 nm with moderate peak QE up to 25 30 The lower detection limited is set by the photocathode substrate typically Silica of Magnesium Fluoride MgF2 These photocathode are quite resistive and require a metallic underlay full or grid type to achieve nanosecond gating times at the expen...

Page 147: ...tly The result is a signal around 5 higher than average at the center of the photocathode The phenomenon appears as a slight peak in the middle of a 2D trace or as a slight cone in the middle of an image The aperture in the faceplate is left deliberately large to fully accommodate the light cone from lenses and spectrographs If an aperture of 25 26 mm diameter is placed in front of the input windo...

Page 148: ...ssion peak nm Decay time to 10 Composition Relative light output P46 Yellow Green 530 200 ns Y3Al5O12 Ce 10 P43 Yellow Green 545 2 ms Gd2O2S Tb 100 Our systems use either P46 or P43 Phosphor as standard details are shown in the table above P46 is used for applications requiring fast scan rates 100 Hz If these speeds are not required then the more efficient P43 is preferable P43 is used in preferen...

Page 149: ...resent on every read as a result of which it sets a limit on the best achievable noise performance Shot noise is dependent on the dark signal The dark signal is itself dependent on the exposure time and is very dependent on the temperature Shot noise from the signal is additionally dependent on the signal level itself If either the signal or the dark signal falls to zero their respective shot nois...

Page 150: ...he probability of a single photon producing a photoelectron while spectral response is the number of electrons that will be produced per unit photon energy Many factors contribute to the QE of a CCD but the most significant factor is the absorption coefficient of the silicon that serves as the bulk material of the device Readout Readout is the process by which data are taken from the pixels of the...

Page 151: ...usually consists of a single row of elements or pixels running parallel to and below the bottom row of light gathering pixels the image area on the CCD sensor The shift register is protected from light by an aluminum mask The elements in the shift register have a greater capacity to store charge a greater well depth than the other pixels on the CCD sensor Shot Noise Shot Noise is due to basic phys...

Page 152: ...btained by a Customer under warranty It does not replace or supersede any Product or Customer specific Warranty terms and conditions 1 1 2 Warranty is a guarantee of quality of supplied goods Software Hardware It is an obligation to rectify or replace product defects during an agreed period of time 1 2 Standard Warranty Policy 1 2 1 Andor s Limited Standard Warranty Policy on Hardware warrants all...

Page 153: ... deemed to start at the date of dispatch from Andor s manufacturing facility 1 2 7 Customers must notify the Andor customer service centre within 30 days of taking delivery of a product or part they believe to be defective Andor will refund all fees associated with the return of any product that has been reported as defective within 30 days of delivery 1 2 8 Failure to pay invoices when due may re...

Page 154: ...Andor s discretion Delivery Duties Unpaid DDU Incoterms 2000 Andor does not guarantee the arrival time of the part 1 5 5 Customer must adhere to Andor packing instructions including anti static precautions when shipping the defective unit as any damage incurred during shipment to Andor will not be covered under warranty The packing instructions can be obtained from Andor as part of the part reques...

Page 155: ...recovery and sound environmental disposal of these goods at the end of its useful life has not been included in the price If you require help assistance regarding the disposal of this equipment please refer to our website or contact our sales team at which point instructions and a quotation can be provided A copy of the Company s WEEE Policy can be viewed at the Company website andor com TERMS AND...

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