Akai MINIAK, Reference Manual

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With exponential FM, the FM Amount controls the range of pitch modulation, with a level of 100%
driving the pitch up and down a full six octaves.
6. Oscillator parameters
These parameters are repeated for each of the MINIAK's three oscillators.
Waveform
sine: Smooth and pure sound.
tri/saw: A triangle wave, a sawtooth wave, or anything in between. A triangle wave has a fuller
sound than a sine wave, whereas a sawtooth wave has a harsh sonic character.
pulse: Harmonically the richest of the three waves, pulse can range from a very full-sounding
square wave to a sharp, nasally impulse wave.
Waveshape
This parameter bends the waveform.
For the sine waveform, a shape of zero gives you a pure tone. As you increase the shape, the
sine wave deforms to add higher harmonics.
For the tri/saw waveform, a shape of zero results in a triangle wave. As you adjust the shape, the
wave leans left or right, ultimately becoming a down-saw or an up-saw at -100% or 100%
respectively.
For the pulse waveform, the shape parameter controls the pulse width. A shape of zero gives
you a square wave, and decreasing or increasing the shape will make your wave skinnier or fatter
respectively.
Octave: Transposes the pitch up or down over a +/- three-octave range.
Transpose: Transposes the pitch up or down over a +/- seven-semitone range.
Pitch: Transposes the pitch over a +/- 99.9-cent range.
PWhlRange: Sets the range of the pitch wheel, from 0 semitones (off) to +/- 12 semitones (one full
octave).
7. Pre-filter mix parameters
Before the sound sources are sent to the filters, they are mixed together. Use the pre-filter mix parameters to
set the levels for each of the oscillators, the ring modulation, noise, and external sources. Also set the
amounts of each of these sources to be sent to filter 1 (f1) and filter 2 (f2).
Also set the noise type to white or pink. White noise has the same amount of energy across all frequencies,
sounding like hiss. Since there are so many more frequencies higher (in the treble range) than there are
lower (in the bass range), white noise sounds trebly. Pink noise, on the other hand, progressively reduces
the energy of the higher frequencies to provide an even sound across the frequency spectrum. Where white
noise sounds like hiss, pink noise sounds like a roar or ocean wave.
White noise has a sharp sound which makes it especially good for percussive effects, whereas the frequency
characteristics of pink noise are more soothing and pleasant to the human ear.
8. Filter parameters
Each of the two filters has the following editable parameters:
Type: Choose from a collection of classic and modern filter types:
bypass: No filter. This setting is useful for previewing the un-filtered signal.
lowpass ob_2pole: Modeled on the lowpass output of the multi-mode filter built into a classic
synthesizer expander module.
lowpass tb_3pole: Modeled on the filter from a little silver bass synthesizer whose sound has become
ubiquitous in many styles of electronic music.