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Agilent Technologies E8257D, User Manual

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10

Chapter 1

Signal Generator Overview 
Front Panel 

1. Display

The LCD screen provides information on the current function. Information can include status 
indicators, frequency and amplitude settings, and error messages. Softkeys labels are located on the 
right–hand  side  of  the  display.  For  more  detail  on  the  front  panel  display,  see 

“Front Panel Display” 

on page 16

.

2. Softkeys

Softkeys activate the displayed function to the left of each key.

3. Knob

Use the knob to increase or decrease a numeric value, change a highlighted digit or character, or step 
through lists or select items in a row.

4. Amplitude

Pressing this hardkey makes amplitude the active function. You can change the output amplitude or 
use the menus to configure amplitude attributes such as power search, user flatness, and leveling 
mode.

5. Frequency

Pressing this hardkey makes frequency the active function. You can change the output frequency or 
use the menus to configure frequency attributes such as frequency multiplier, offset, and reference.

6. Save

CAUTION

The Save hardkey does not save table configurations, such as list sweep, multitone, or 
ARB.

Pressing this hardkey displays a menu of choices that enable you to save data in the instrument state 
register. The instrument state register is a section of memory divided into 10 sequences (numbered 0 
through 9), each containing 100 registers (numbered 00 through 99). It is used to store and recall 
frequency, amplitude, and modulation settings.

The 

Save

 hardkey provides a quick alternative to reconfiguring the signal generator through the front 

panel or SCPI commands when switching between different signal configurations. Once an instrument 
state has been saved, all of the frequency, amplitude, and modulation settings can be recalled with 
the 

Recall

 hardkey. For more information on saving and recalling instrument states, refer to 

“Using the 

Instrument State Registers” on page 63

.

7. Recall

This key restores an instrument state saved in a memory register. To recall an instrument state, press

 

Recall

 and enter the desired sequence number and register number. To save a state, use the 

Save

 

hardkey. For more information on saving and recalling instrument states, refer to 

“Using the 

Instrument State Registers” on page 63

.

Summary of Contents for E8257D

Page 1: ...Agilent Technologies Agilent Technologies E8257D 67D E8663D PSG Signal Generators User s Guide ...

Page 2: ...s option either repair or replace products which prove to be defec tive For warranty service or repair this product must be returned to a service facil ity designated by Agilent Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent and Agilent shall pay shipping charges duties and taxes for products returned to Agilent from another country Agilent warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agi...

Page 3: ...odes of Operation 7 Continuous Wave 7 Swept Signal 7 Analog Modulation 8 Digital Modulation 8 Front Panel 9 1 Display 10 2 Softkeys 10 3 Knob 10 4 Amplitude 10 5 Frequency 10 6 Save 10 7 Recall 10 8 Trigger 11 9 MENUS 11 10 Help 11 11 EXT 1 INPUT 11 12 EXT 2 INPUT 12 13 LF OUTPUT 12 14 Mod On Off 12 15 ALC INPUT 12 16 RF On Off 12 17 Numeric Keypad 12 18 RF OUTPUT 13 19 SYNC OUT 13 20 VIDEO OUT 13...

Page 4: ...ea 17 3 Annunciators 17 4 Digital Modulation Annunciators 19 5 Amplitude Area 19 6 Error Message Area 19 7 Text Area 19 8 Softkey Label Area 19 Rear Panel 20 1 EVENT 1 24 2 EVENT 2 24 3 PATTERN TRIG IN 24 4 BURST GATE IN 24 5 AUXILIARY I O 25 6 DIGITAL BUS 26 7 Q OUT 26 8 I OUT 26 9 WIDEBAND I INPUTS 26 10 I bar OUT 26 11 WIDEBAND Q INPUTS 27 12 COH CARRIER Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 27 13 1 GH...

Page 5: ...XT 1 32 33 EXT 2 32 34 PULSE SYNC OUT 33 35 PULSE VIDEO OUT 33 36 PULSE TRIG GATE INPUT 33 37 ALC INPUT 33 38 DATA CLOCK 33 39 I IN 33 40 SYMBOL SYNC 34 41 Q IN 34 42 DATA 34 43 LF OUT 34 44 Flash Drive Serial Prefixes US4829 SG4829 MY4829 E8267D and US4928 SG4928 MY4928 E8257D 35 2 Basic Operation 37 Using Table Editors 38 Table Editor Softkeys 39 Modifying Table Items in the Data Fields 39 Using...

Page 6: ...Custom Modulation 79 Custom Arb Waveform Generator 80 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband 80 Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers 80 Creating a File Header for a Modulation Format Waveform 81 Modifying Header Information in a Modulation Format 82 Storing Header Information for a Dual ARB Player Waveform Sequence 87 Modifying and Viewing Header Information in the Dual ARB Player 87 Playing a Waveform File...

Page 7: ...eform Clipping 117 How Power Peaks Develop 117 How Peaks Cause Spectral Regrowth 119 How Clipping Reduces Peak to Average Power 120 Configuring Circular Clipping 123 Configuring Rectangular Clipping 124 Using Waveform Scaling 125 How DAC Over Range Errors Occur 125 How Scaling Eliminates DAC Over Range Errors 126 Scaling a Currently Playing Waveform Runtime Scaling 127 Scaling a Waveform File in V...

Page 8: ...e RF Output Amplitude 152 To Set the AM Depth and Rate 152 To Turn on Amplitude Modulation 152 Configuring FM Option UNT 152 To Set the RF Output Frequency 152 To Set the RF Output Amplitude 152 To Set the FM Deviation and Rate 153 To Activate FM 153 Configuring ΦM Option UNT 153 To Set the RF Output Frequency 153 To Set the RF Output Amplitude 153 To Set the FM Deviation and Rate 153 To Activate ...

Page 9: ...ed Modulation Type Real Time I Q Only 172 Differential Wideband IQ Option 016 177 Single Ended Wideband IQ Option 015 Discontinued 177 Configuring Hardware 178 To Set a Delayed Positive Polarity External Single Trigger 178 7 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband 181 Overview 181 Working with Predefined Setups Modes 181 Selecting a Predefined Real Time Modulation Setup 181 Deselecting a Predefined Real Tim...

Page 10: ... Signal 216 Configuring the External Reference Clock 217 Testing Receiver Sensitivity 219 9 Multitone Waveform Generator 221 Overview 221 Creating Viewing and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 222 To Create a Custom Multitone Waveform 222 To View a Multitone Waveform 223 To Edit the Multitone Setup Table 224 To Minimize Carrier Feedthrough 226 To Determine Peak to Average Characteristics 227 10 Two T...

Page 11: ...wer Supply has Shut Down 280 Signal Loss While Working with a Mixer 280 Signal Loss While Working with a Spectrum Analyzer 282 No Modulation at the RF Output 285 Sweep Problems 286 Sweep Appears to be Stalled 286 Cannot Turn Off Sweep Mode 286 Incorrect List Sweep Dwell Time 286 List Sweep Information is Missing from a Recalled Register 287 Data Storage Problems 287 Registers With Previously Store...

Page 12: ...Contents xii ...

Page 13: ...titone Waveform Generator Two Tone Waveform Generator AWGN Waveform Generator Peripheral Devices Troubleshooting Programming Guide Getting Started with Remote Operation Using IO Interfaces Programming Examples Programming the Status Register System Creating and Downloading Waveform Files Creating and Downloading User Data Files SCPI Reference Using this Guide System Commands Basic Function Command...

Page 14: ...xiv Service Guide Troubleshooting Replaceable Parts Assembly Replacement Post Repair Procedures Safety and Regulatory Information Key Reference Key function description ...

Page 15: ...stions technical support software and more visit the Agilent PSG web page at http www agilent com find psg Signal Generator Models and Features Table 1 1 lists the available PSG signal generator models and frequency range options Table 1 1 PSG Signal Generator Models Model Frequency Range Options E8257D PSG analog signal generator 250 kHz to 20 GHz Option 520 10 MHz to 20 GHz Option 521 250 kHz to...

Page 16: ...h external output RS 232 GPIB and 10Base T LAN I O interfaces user flatness correction attenuator burnout protection with Option 521 instruments that have Option 1E1 The E8257D PSG also offers the following optional features NOTE To provide analog frequency sweeps and for optimum swept scalar measurements with the 8757D scalar analyzer the E8257D requires 007 analog ramp sweep Option 007 analog ra...

Page 17: ...lectable triggering in list and step sweep modes free run auto trigger key single bus remote and external Option UNU pulse modulation internal pulse generator external modulation inputs selectable pulse modes internal square internal free run internal triggered internal doublet internal gated and external pulse internal triggered internal doublet and internal gated require an external trigger sour...

Page 18: ...ng standard features a source module interface that is compatible with Agilent 83550 Series millimeter wave source modules for frequency extension up to 110 GHz and Oleson Microwave Labs OML AG Series millimeter wave modules for frequency extensions up to 325 GHz automatic leveling control ALC on and off modes power calibration in ALC off mode is available even without power search CW output from ...

Page 19: ...n 509 frequency range from 100 kHz to 9 0 GHz Option 521 ultra 0 1 3 2 GHz with Option 503 or 0 1 9 GHz with Option 509 power Option 1E1 step attenuator Option 1EA Discontinued high output power Option 1ED Type N female RF output connector Option 1EH improved harmonics below 2 GHz Option 1EU high output power standard with E8267D Option 1EM moves all front panel connectors to the rear panel Option...

Page 20: ...al generator whenever new firmware is released New firmware releases which can be downloaded from the Agilent website may contain signal generator features and functionality not available in previous firmware releases To determine the availability of new signal generator firmware visit the Signal Generator Firmware Upgrade Center web page at http www agilent com find upgradeassistant or call the n...

Page 21: ...ment DHCP does not affect the hostname 12 Click Browse and double click the firmware revision to upgrade your signal generator 13 In the Upgrade Assistant click Next 14 Once connection to the instrument is verified click Next and follow the on screen prompts NOTEOnce the download starts it cannot be aborted When the User Attention message appears you must first cycle the instrument s power then cl...

Page 22: ...le playback of test signals To learn more refer to Custom Arb Waveform Generator on page 159 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode produces a single carrier but it can be modulated with real time data that allows real time control over all of the parameters that affect the signal The single carrier signal that is produced can be modified by applying various data patterns filters symbol rates modulati...

Page 23: ...IDEO OUT 29 Preset 3 Knob 12 EXT 2 INPUT 21 Incr Set 30 Line Power LED 4 Amplitude 13 LF OUTPUT 22 GATE PULSE TRIGGER INPUT 31 LINE 5 Frequency 14 Mod On Off 23 Arrow Keys 32 Standby LED 6 Save 15 ALC INPUT 24 Hold 33 SYMBOL SYNC 7 Recall 16 RF On Off 25 Return 34 DATA CLOCK 8 Trigger 17 Numeric Keypad 26 Contrast Decrease 35 DATA 9 MENUS 18 RF OUTPUT 27 Contrast Increase 36 Q Input 37 I Input 34 ...

Page 24: ...ve CAUTION The Save hardkey does not save table configurations such as list sweep multitone or ARB Pressing this hardkey displays a menu of choices that enable you to save data in the instrument state register The instrument state register is a section of memory divided into 10 sequences numbered 0 through 9 each containing 100 registers numbered 00 through 99 It is used to store and recall freque...

Page 25: ... Instrument Info Help Mode Help Mode Single Cont In single mode help text is provided for the next key you press without activating the key s function Any key pressed afterward exits the help mode and its function is activated In continuous mode help text is provided for each subsequent key press until you press the Help hardkey again or change to single mode In addition each key is active meaning...

Page 26: ...t up or activate an AM FM ΦM Pulse or I Q format each modulation format must still be set up and activated for example AM AM On or nothing is applied to the output carrier signal when the Mod On Off hardkey is enabled The MOD ON OFF annunciator indicates whether active modulation formats have been enabled or disabled with the Mod On Off hardkey 15 ALC INPUT This female BNC input connector is used ...

Page 27: ...rent active function The increment value of the current active function appears in the active entry area of the display Use the numeric keypad arrow hardkeys or the knob to adjust the increment value 22 GATE PULSE TRIGGER INPUT This female BNC input connector functional only with Options UNU or UNW or on the E8663D accepts an externally supplied pulse signal for use as a pulse or trigger input Wit...

Page 28: ...nnected to the line power and power is supplied to some internal circuits 32 Standby LED This yellow LED indicates when the signal generator power switch is set to the standby condition 33 SYMBOL SYNC This female BNC input connector is CMOS compatible and accepts an externally supplied symbol sync signal for use with the internal baseband generator Option 601 602 The expected input is a 3 3 V CMOS...

Page 29: ...he falling edges of the symbol sync symbol mode The damage levels are 5 5 and 0 5V The nominal input impedance is not definable On signal generators with Option 1EM this connector is located on the rear panel 36 Q Input This female BNC input connector E8267D only accepts the quadrature phase Q component of an externally supplied analog I Q modulation The in phase I component is supplied through th...

Page 30: ...ure 0 2 shows the various regions of the PSG display This section describes each region Figure 1 2 Front Panel Display Diagram 1 Active Entry Area 5 Amplitude Area 2 Frequency Area 6 Error Message Area 3 Annunciators 7 Text Area 4 Digital Modulation Annunciators 8 Softkey Label Area ...

Page 31: ...e output level AM This annunciator Option UNT only appears when amplitude modulation is on ARMED This annunciator appears when a sweep has been initiated and the signal generator is waiting for the sweep trigger event ATTEN HOLD This annunciator E8267D E8257D or E8663D with Option 1E1 only appears when the attenuator hold function is on When this function is on the attenuator is held at its curren...

Page 32: ...his annunciator Options UNU or UNW only or on the E8663D appears when pulse modulation is on R This annunciator appears when the signal generator is remotely controlled over the GPIB RS 232 or VXI 11 Sockets LAN interface TELNET operation does not activate the R annunciator When the R annunciator is on the front panel keys are disabled except for the Local key and the line power switch For informa...

Page 33: ...ng is shown in this portion of the display Indicators are also displayed in this area when amplitude offset is used amplitude reference mode is turned on external leveling mode is enabled a source module is enabled and when user flatness is enabled 6 Error Message Area Abbreviated error messages are reported in this space When multiple error messages occur only the most recent message remains disp...

Page 34: ...ER Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 22 10 MHz OUT 3 PATTERN TRIG IN 13 1 GHz REF OUT Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 23 STOP SWEEP IN OUT 4 BURST GATE IN 14 Q bar OUT 24 BASEBAND GEN CLK IN 5 AUXILIARY I O 15 AC Power Receptacle 25 Z AXIS BLANK MKRS 6 DIGITAL BUS 16 GPIB 26 SWEEP OUT 7 Q OUT 17 10 MHz EFC 27 TRIGGER OUT 8 I OUT 18 ALC HOLD Serial Prefixes US4722 MY4722 28 TRIGGER IN 9 WIDEBAND I INPUTS...

Page 35: ...ULSE TRIG GATE INPUT 7 Q OUT 22 10 MHz OUT 37 ALC INPUT 8 I OUT 23 STOP SWEEP IN OUT 38 DATA CLOCK 9 WIDEBAND I INPUTS 24 BASEBAND GEN CLK IN 39 I IN 10 I bar OUT 25 Z AXIS BLANK MKRS 40 SYMBOL SYNC 11 WIDEBAND Q INPUTS 26 SWEEP OUT 42 DATA 12 COH CARRIER Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 27 TRIGGER OUT 41 Q IN 13 1 GHz REF OUT Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 28 TRIGGER IN 43 LF OUT 14 Q bar OUT 29 SOUR...

Page 36: ...WEEP OUT 12 COH CARRIER Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 20 10 MHz IN 27 TRIGGER OUT 13 1 GHz REF OUT Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 21 LAN 28 TRIGGER IN 15 AC Power Receptacle 22 10 MHz OUT 29 SOURCE SETTLED 16 GPIB 23 STOP SWEEP IN OUT 30 SOURCE MODULE INTERFACE 17 10 MHz EFC 25 Z AXIS BLANK MKRS 30 44 22 13 20 29 28 27 26 25 23 21 19 17 16 15 ...

Page 37: ...T 1 13 1 GHz REF OUT Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 23 STOP SWEEP IN OUT 33 EXT 2 15 AC Power Receptacle 25 Z AXIS BLANK MKRS 34 PULSE SYNC OUT 16 GPIB 26 SWEEP OUT 35 PULSE VIDEO OUT 17 10 MHz EFC 27 TRIGGER OUT 36 PULSE TRIG GATE INPUT 19 AUXILIARY INTERFACE 28 TRIGGER IN 37 ALC INPUT 20 10 MHz IN 29 SOURCE SETTLED 43 LF OUT 29 28 27 26 25 23 21 19 17 16 15 30 44 22 13 20 37 36 35 34 43 33 32 31 ...

Page 38: ...trary waveform mode the EVENT 2 connector outputs a timing signal generated by Marker 2 A marker 3 3 V CMOS high for both positive and negative polarity is output on the EVENT 2 connector whenever a Marker 2 is turned on in the waveform The reverse damage levels for this connector are 8 V and 4 V The nominal output impedance is not defined 3 PATTERN TRIG IN This female BNC connector is used with a...

Page 39: ...ts data CMOS from the internal data generator or the externally supplied signal at data input EVENT 3 Used with an internal baseband generator In arbitrary waveform mode this pin outputs a timing signal generated by Marker 3 A marker 3 3 V CMOS high for both positive and negative polarity is output on this pin when a Marker 3 is turned on in the waveform Reverse damage levels 8 V and 4 V PATT TRIG...

Page 40: ...is 50 ohms dc coupled 9 WIDEBAND I INPUTS These female SMA connectors I IN and I bar IN Option 016 only are used with differential wideband external I Q inputs They accept wideband AM and allow direct high bandwidth analog inputs to the I Q modulator in the 3 2 44 GHz range frequency limit is dependant on the option This input is not calibrated The recommended input power level is 1 dBm with a 1 V...

Page 41: ...e Guide for more information For instruments with Option 015 discontinued single ended wideband I Q there is a single BNC Q input The recommended power level at this input connector is 0 dBM 12 COH CARRIER Serial Prefixes US4646 MY4646 This female SMA connector Option UNT only outputs an RF signal that is phase coherent with the signal generator carrier The coherent carrier connector outputs RF th...

Page 42: ...tronic frequency control EFC of the internal 10 MHz reference oscillator This voltage inversely tunes the oscillator about its center frequency approximately 0 0025 ppm V The nominal input impedance is greater than 1 Mohms When not in use this connector should be shorted using the supplied shorting cap to assure a stable operating frequency 18 ALC HOLD Serial Prefixes US4722 MY4722 This female BNC...

Page 43: ...s a signal with a nominal input level of 5 5 dBm The external frequency reference must be 10 MHz within 1 ppm The nominal input impedance is 50 ohms with a damage level of 10 dBm 21 LAN This LAN interface allows ethernet local area network communication through a 10Base T LAN cable The yellow LED on the interface illuminates when data transmission transfer receive is present The green LED illumina...

Page 44: ...etrace and band switch intervals of a step list or ramp sweep During ramp sweep this female BNC connector supplies a 5 V nominal level when the RF frequency is at a marker frequency and intensity marker mode is on This signal is derived from an operational amplifier output so the load impedance should be greater than or equal to 5 kohms This connection is most commonly used to interface with an Ag...

Page 45: ... A high indicates that the source has not settled A low indicates that the source has settled The nominal output impedance for this connector is less than 10 ohms 30 SOURCE MODULE INTERFACE This interface is used to connect to compatible Agilent Technologies 83550 Series mm wave source modules Figure 1 9 Interface Signals of the Source Module Connector The codes indicated on the illustration above...

Page 46: ...anel The connector type varies according to frequency option 32 EXT 1 This female BNC input connector functional only with Options UNT UNU or UNW accepts a 1 Vp signal for AM FM and ΦM For these modulations 1 Vp produces the indicated deviation or depth When ac coupled inputs are selected for AM FM or ΦM and the peak input voltage differs from 1 Vp by more than 3 percent the HI LO display annuncia...

Page 47: ...d for negative external detector leveling This connector accepts an input of 0 2 mV to 0 5 V The nominal input impedance is 120 kohms and the damage level is 15 V On signal generators without Option 1EM this connector is located on the front panel 38 DATA CLOCK This female BNC input connector E8267D only is CMOS compatible and accepts an externally supplied data clock input signal to synchronize s...

Page 48: ...odulation The in phase I component is supplied through the I IN connector The signal level is 0 5 Vrms for a calibrated output level The nominal input impedance is 50 or 600 ohms The damage level is 1 Vrms and 10 Vpeak To activate signals applied to the I and Q input connectors press Mux I Q Source 1 or I Q Source 2 and then select either Ext 50 Ohm or Ext 600 Ohm On signal generators without Opti...

Page 49: ...n removing or inserting the memory Use only Agilent provided or certified compact flash cards This flash drive Options 008 and 009 only outputs data to a removable flash card The 8 GB memory capacity easily stores user data files including flatness calibrations IQ calibration instrument states waveforms including header and marker data modulation definitions and sweep lists Refer to Table 2 5 Flas...

Page 50: ...36 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel ...

Page 51: ...iguring a Continuous Wave RF Output on page 42 Configuring a Swept RF Output on page 45 Using Ramp Sweep Option 007 on page 49 Extending the Frequency Range on page 59 Turning On a Modulation Format on page 59 Applying a Modulation Format to the RF Output on page 60 Using Data Storage Functions on page 61 Using the Instrument State Registers on page 63 Using Security Functions on page 65 Enabling ...

Page 52: ...t Mode Values table editor as shown below Figure 2 1 Active Function Area displays the active table item while its value is edited Cursor an inverse video identifier used to highlight specific table items for selection and editing Table Softkeys select table items preset table values and modify table structures Table Items values arranged in numbered rows and titled columns The columns are also kn...

Page 53: ...ays table items that occupy rows outside the limits of the ten row table display area More 1 of 2 accesses Load Store and its associated softkeys Load Store opens a menu of softkeys Load From Selected File Store To File Delete File Goto Row Page Up and Page Down used to load table items from a file in the memory catalog or to store the current table items as a file in the memory catalog Modifying ...

Page 54: ... or use the save instrument state register softkeys Refer to Using the Instrument State Registers on page 63 NOTE In internal leveling mode when the set amplitude is within 1 dBm of the RF output limit s value the RF output limit is printed in bold text in the Frequency and Amplitude status information display When the user attempts to set an amplitude that exceeds the RF Output Power Limit the am...

Page 55: ...pad to enter the dBm The minimum settable value is 15 dBm The maximum settable value is the unleveled power of the instrument For settings accuracy refer to the Data Sheet 3 To prevent accidently changing the RF Output Limit level Press RF Output Limit Lock Adjust to Lock Amplitude More More SCPI Commands To enable changing the RF output limit SCPI Command SOURce POWer LIMit MAX ADJust ON OFF 1 0 ...

Page 56: ... Press Preset NOTE You can change the preset condition of the signal generator to a user defined state For these examples however use the factory defined preset state set the Preset Normal User softkey in the Utility menu to Normal 2 Observe the FREQUENCY area of the display in the upper left hand corner The value displayed is the maximum specified frequency of the signal generator 3 Press RF On O...

Page 57: ... 2 Set the frequency reference to 700 MHz Press Frequency 700 MHz More 1 of 3 Freq Ref Set This activates the frequency reference mode sets the output frequency 700 MHz as the reference value and toggles the Freq Ref softkey On The FREQUENCY area displays 0 000 Hz This reading is the frequency output of the signal generator s hardware 700 MHz minus the reference value 700 MHz The signal generator ...

Page 58: ... active entry area Until you press a different front panel function key amplitude remains the active function You can also change the amplitude using the up and down arrow keys or the knob Setting the Amplitude Reference and Amplitude Offset The following procedure sets the RF output power as an amplitude reference to which all other amplitude parameters are relative The amplitude initially shown ...

Page 59: ...eep and ramp sweep Ramp sweep is available with Option 007 The signal generator indicates the sweep advance in a progress bar on the front panel display If the sweep time is greater than one second the progress bar sweep advances according to the frequency span of each segment For each segment in the span the progress bar displays the full segment and then the sweep is taken With sweep times less ...

Page 60: ...e sweep up or down When the Sweep Direction Down Up softkey is set to Up values are swept from the start amplitude frequency to the stop amplitude frequency When set to Down values are swept from the stop amplitude frequency to the start amplitude frequency When a step sweep is activated the signal generator sweeps the RF output based on the values entered for RF output start and stop frequencies ...

Page 61: ...progress To see the frequencies sweep again press Single Sweep to trigger the sweep To Configure a Continuous Step Sweep Press Sweep Repeat Single Cont This toggles the sweep from single to continuous A continuous repetition of the frequencies and amplitudes configured in the step sweep are now available at the RF OUTPUT connector The SWEEP annunciator appears on the display indicating that the si...

Page 62: ...eep remains on during editing errors occur whenever one or two point parameters frequency power and dwell are undefined 2 Press Configure List Sweep This returns you to the sweep list table 3 Use the arrow keys to highlight the dwell time in row 1 4 Press Edit Item The dwell time for point 1 becomes the active function 5 Press 100 msec This enters 100 ms as the new dwell time value for row 1 Note ...

Page 63: ...enerator will single sweep the points in your list and the SWEEP annunciator will be activated during the sweep To Configure a Continuous List Sweep Press Sweep Repeat Single Cont This toggles the sweep from single to continuous A continuous repetition of the frequencies and amplitudes configured in the list sweep are now available at the RF OUTPUT connector The SWEEP annunciator appears on the di...

Page 64: ...Figure 2 3 NOTE The PSG signal generator is not compatible with the GPIB system interface of an 8757A 8757C or 8757E For these older scalar network analyzers do not connect the GPIB cable in Figure 2 3 These scalar network analyzers provide only a subset of 8757D functionality See the Data Sheet for details Use the 8757A C E documentation instead of this procedure Figure 2 3 Equipment Setup 2 Turn...

Page 65: ...n confirm this by pressing Utility GPIB RS 232 LAN and observing the selection under the Remote Language softkey NOTE During swept RF output the FREQUENCY and or AMPLITUDE areas of the signal generator s display are deactivated depending on what is being swept In this case since frequency is being swept nothing appears in the FREQUENCY area of the display 7 Press Frequency Freq CW The current cont...

Page 66: ... and select a frequency value within the range of your sweep but different from marker 0 Notice that marker 1 is activated and is the currently selected marker indicated by the marker arrow pointing down As you switch between markers using the arrow keys you will notice that the selected marker s arrow points down while all others point up Notice also that the frequency and amplitude data for the ...

Page 67: ...able Editor 5 Move the cursor back to marker 1 and press Marker Freq Turn the front panel knob while observing marker 1 on the 8757D On the 8757D notice that the displayed amplitude and frequency values for marker 1 are relative to marker 0 as the marker moves along the trace Refer to Figure 2 6 ...

Page 68: ... Step Sweep Since ramp is the current sweep type softkeys in this menu specifically control ramp sweep settings When step is the selected sweep type the softkeys control step sweep settings Notice that the Freq Start and Freq Stop softkeys appear in this menu in addition to the Frequency hardkey menu 3 Press Sweep Time to Manual 5 sec In auto mode the sweep time automatically sets to the fastest a...

Page 69: ...el knob until you find an available register and press SAVE Remember this saved register number If no registers are available you can write over an in use register by pressing Re SAVE NOTE When you are using the PSG in a system with an 8757D network analyzer you are limited to using registers 1 through 9 in sequence 0 for saving and recalling states 3 Press Sweep List Configure Ramp Step Sweep and...

Page 70: ... Ampl The new amplitude ramp sweep settings control the RF output and the CW mode is turned off Configuring a Ramp Sweep for a Master Slave Setup This procedure shows you how to configure two PSGs and an 8757D to work in a master slave setup The master slave control setup must use two instruments from the same signal generator family such as two PSG s or two 83640B s or two 83751B s NOTE The maste...

Page 71: ...s frequency and power settings By setting up the slave first you avoid synchronization problems 3 Set up the master PSG s frequency power and sweep time settings The two PSGs can have different frequency and power settings for ramp sweep 4 Set the slave PSG s sweep time to match that of the master Sweep times must be the same for both PSGs 5 Set the slave PSG to continuous triggering The slave mus...

Page 72: ...58 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2 8 Master Slave Equipment Setup Figure 2 9 RS 232 Pin Configuration ...

Page 73: ... Off On For some formats the off on key may appear in additional menus other than the first one 2 Press the modulation format off on key until On highlights Figure 2 10 shows the portion of the AM modulation format s first menu that displays the state of the modulation format as well as the active modulation format annunciator The modulation format generates but the carrier signal is not modulated...

Page 74: ...ulation format The annunciators simply indicate whether the carrier signal will be modulated when a modulation format is turned on To Turn RF Output Modulation On Press the Mod On Off key until the MOD ON annunciator appears in the display The carrier signal should be modulated with all active modulation formats This is the factory default To Turn RF Output Modulation Off Press the Mod On Off key ...

Page 75: ...ly see the Agilent Signal Generators Programming Guide Table 2 1 Memory Catalog File Types and Associated Data Binary binary data State instrument state data controlling instrument operating parameters such as frequency amplitude and mode LIST sweep data from the List Mode Values table including frequency amplitude and dwell time User Flatness user flatness calibration correction pair data user de...

Page 76: ...tility Memory Catalog Catalog Type All files in the memory catalog are listed in alphabetical order regardless of which catalog type you select File information appears on the display and includes the file name file type file size and the date and time the file was modified 2 Press List The Catalog of List Files is displayed 3 Press Catalog Type State The Catalog of State Files is displayed ARB Ca...

Page 77: ...sequence and register Any data file such as an arb format file associated with the instrument state will only be referenced by its file name Once an instrument state has been saved recalling that state will setup the generator with the saved settings and load the associated file data For more information on storing file data such as modulation formats arb setups and table entries refer to Storing ...

Page 78: ... 1 This is the last sequence that you used 3 Press RECALL Reg The register to be recalled in sequence 1 becomes the active function Press the up arrow key once to select register 1 Your stored instrument state settings should have been recalled Deleting Registers and Sequences These procedures describe how to delete registers and sequences saved to an instrument state register Deleting a Specific ...

Page 79: ...sponding SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments command The signal generator does not communicate directly with the 8757 network analyzer If the 8757 saves an instrument state to a signal generator register and the user deletes that register the 8757 will not recognize the deletion An attempt by the 8757 to recall a deleted state will cause the PSG to generate the error message 700 St...

Page 80: ...en you perform the Erase and Sanitize function Firmware Memory Flash 12 MB No Yes main firmware image factory installed or firmware upgrade CPU board same chip as main flash memory but managed separately During normal operation this memory cannot be overwritten except for LAN configuration It is only overwritten during the firmware installation or upgrade process Because this 32 MB memory chip con...

Page 81: ...owered Off Purpose Contents Data Input Method Remarks Waveform Memory SDRAM 40 320 MB Yes No waveforms including header and marker data and PRAM normal user operation User data is completely sanitized when you perform the Erase and Sanitize function Not battery backed BBG Firmware Memory Flash 32 MB No Yes firmware image for baseband generator firmware upgrade Coprocessor Memory SRAM 32 MB Yes No ...

Page 82: ...ibration instrument states waveforms including header and marker data modulation definitions and sweep lists user saved data The magnetic residue requires several rewrite cycles or drive removal and destruction The hard disk is an option and is therefore not installed in some instruments If it is installed these files are stored on the hard disk instead of in flash memory User data is completely s...

Page 83: ...ype and Size Writable During Normal Operation Data Retained When Powered Off Purpose Contents Data Input Method Remarks Memory Storage removable compact flash drive 8 GB usable 8187374080 bytes Yes Yes user files including flatness calibrations IQ calibration instrument states waveforms including header and marker data modulation definitions and sweep lists user saved data The flash drive is an op...

Page 84: ...re overwriting actions After executing this function you must manually perform some additional steps for the sanitization to comply with Department of Defense DoD standards These actions and steps are described below SRAM All addressable locations are overwritten with random characters CPU Flash All addressable locations are overwritten with random characters and then the flash blocks are erased T...

Page 85: ...nd This information can only be changed or cleared by entering new data User IQ Cal File Vector Models Only When a user defined IQ calibration has been performed the cal file data is removed by setting the cal file to default as follows 1 On the front panel press I Q I Q Calibration Revert to Default Cal Settings 2 Send these commands CAL IQ DEF CAL WBIQ DEF Using the Secure Mode The secure mode a...

Page 86: ... to use the security functions you may physically remove the processor board hard disk or flash drive if installed from the instrument Once these assemblies are removed proceed as follows For removal and replacement procedures refer to the Agilent PSG Signal Generators Service Guide Processor Board Either Discard the processor board and send the instrument to a repair facility A new processor boar...

Page 87: ...l not be charged for the new memory card or Keep the flash memory card and send the instrument to a repair facility When the instrument is returned reinstall the flash memory card Using the Secure Display This function prevents unauthorized personnel from reading the instrument display and tampering with the current configuration through the front panel The display is blanked except for the messag...

Page 88: ...t ID shown on the display matches the host ID on the license key certificate The host ID is a unique number for every instrument If the host ID on the license key certificate does not match your instrument the license key cannot enable the software option 3 Verify that any required hardware is installed Because some software options are linked to specific hardware options before the software optio...

Page 89: ...he Signal Generator Web Control menu button on the Web Enabled PSG web page will access a second web page This web page shown in Figure 2 14 provides a virtual instrument interface that can be used to control the signal generator You can use the mouse to click on the signal generator s front panel hardkeys softkeys and number pad There is also a text box that can be used to send SCPI commands to t...

Page 90: ...ter key on the computer s keyboard The web browser will display the signal generator s homepage as shown below in Figure 2 13 This web page displays information about the signal generator and provides access to Agilent s website Figure 2 13 Signal Generator Web Page ...

Page 91: ...mple click on the Frequency hardkey then use the front panel key pad to enter a frequency You can also use the up and down arrow keys to increase or decrease the frequency You can use the SCPI Command text box at the bottom of the front panel display to send commands to the signal generator Enter a valid SCPI command then click the SEND button The results of the command will be displayed on a sepa...

Page 92: ...78 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using the Web Server ...

Page 93: ...page 231 Custom Modulation For creating custom modulation the signal generator offers two modes of operation the Arb Waveform Generator mode and the Real Time I Q Baseband mode The Arb Waveform Generator mode has built in modulation formats such as NADC or GSM and pre defined modulation types such as BPSK and 16QAM that can be used to create a signal The Real Time I Q Baseband mode can be used to ...

Page 94: ... memory or supplied as real time data using an external input The Real Time I Q Baseband mode can also generate pre defined data formats such as PN9 or FIX4 A continuous data stream generated in this mode can be used for receiver bit error analysis This mode is limited to a single carrier The Real Time I Q Baseband mode has more data and modulation types available than the Arb Waveform Generator m...

Page 95: ...t file header The default header has no signal generator settings saved to it This procedure which is the same for all ARB formats demonstrates how to create a file header for a Custom digital modulation format 1 Preset the signal generator 2 Turn on the Custom modulation format Press Mode Custom ARB Waveform Generator Digital Modulation Off On to On A default file header is created and the tempor...

Page 96: ... only while the modulation format is active on This procedure uses the Custom digital modulation format All ARB modulation formats and the dual ARB player access the file header the same way except that in some modulation formats you may have to go to page two of the first level softkey menu 1 From the first level softkey menu shown in Figure 3 1 on page 81 open the Header Utilities menu Press ARB...

Page 97: ...s setting can be changed only for files in the dual ARB player Marker 1 4 Polarity The marker polarity positive or negative described on page 111 ALC Hold Routing Which marker if any implements the PSG s ALC hold function described on page 98 RF Blank Routing Which marker if any implements the PSG s RF blanking function described on page 109 I Q Mod Filter The I Q modulator filter setting The modu...

Page 98: ...urn Return Header Utilities Notice that the Current Inst Settings column now reflects the changes made to the current signal generator setup in steps 4 through 8 but that the saved header values have not changed as shown in Figure 3 4 on page 86 10 Save the current settings to the file header Press Save Setup To Header softkey The settings from the Current Inst Settings column now appear in the Sa...

Page 99: ...Chapter 3 85 Basic Digital Operation Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers Figure 3 3 ARB Setup Softkey Menu and Marker Utilities Dual ARB Player softkey it does not appear in the ARB formats ...

Page 100: ...trary ARB Waveform File Headers Figure 3 4 Differing Values between Header and Current Setting Columns Figure 3 5 Saved File Header Changes Values differ between the two columns Page 1 Page 2 Values differ between the two columns Page 1 Page 2 ...

Page 101: ...der information in the dual ARB player without playing the file You can reapply saved header settings by reselecting the waveform file for playback When you do this the values from the Saved Header Settings column are applied to the PSG Modifying Header Information All of the same header characteristics shown in Modifying Header Information in a Modulation Format are valid in the dual ARB player T...

Page 102: ...rform the following steps 1 Select a waveform a Press Mode Dual ARB Select Waveform b Highlight the desired waveform file c Press the Select Waveform softkey 2 Access the file header Press ARB Setup Header Utilities The header information is now visible in the PSG display As shown in Figure 3 6 the header editing softkeys are grayed out meaning they are inactive Figure 3 6 Viewing Header Informati...

Page 103: ... Press the Catalog Type softkey As shown in Figure 3 7 you have a choice of three waveform file types that can be displayed in the table accessed in step one NVWFM displays all waveform segments stored in non volatile memory Seq displays all waveform sequence files WFM1 displays all waveform segments stored in volatile memory b Press the NVWFM softkey The table displays the waveform files in non v...

Page 104: ...art of the labels of the softkeys used to set the parameters and also appear on the dual ARB summary display see Figure 3 8 NOTE The signal generator used to play back a stored waveform file must have the same options as are required to generate the file For details on applying file header settings and playing back a waveform see Playing a Waveform on page 94 To properly set up the instrument 1 Se...

Page 105: ...e is named AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM Because this default file name is shared among all ARB formats it must be renamed if you want to save the information If the file is not renamed it will be overwritten when another ARB format is turned on The Dual ARB waveform player provides markers page 96 triggering page 111 and clipping page 117 capabilities Before you can work with any waveform file it must reside ...

Page 106: ...orm sequence made up of two sequences and three segments In this example the segment count is eleven Figure 3 9 Waveform Sequence Diagram The following procedure describes how to create two waveform segments then name and store them in ARB memory After you name and store the two waveform segments in ARB memory you can use them to build a waveform sequence as described on page 93 1 Generate the fir...

Page 107: ...2 giving this segment a descriptive name for example MTONE Building and Storing a Waveform Sequence This example shows how to build and edit a waveform sequence using the two waveform segments created on page 92 To use a segment in a sequence the segment must reside in volatile memory for information on loading waveform segments from non volatile to volatile memory see page 95 1 Select the wavefor...

Page 108: ...en save the edited sequence under a new name Within the editing display you can change the number of times each segment plays the repetitions delete segments add segments toggle markers described on page 106 and save changes NOTE If you do not store changes to the waveform sequence prior to exiting the waveform sequence editing display the changes are removed 1 Press Waveform Sequences Edit Select...

Page 109: ...The following procedure sets up a carrier and modulates it using the pre defined SINE_TEST_WFM waveform file AWGN is then applied to the carrier Configuring AWGN 1 Preset the signal generator Press the Preset hardkey 2 Press the Frequency hardkey and enter 15 GHz 3 Press the Amplitude hardkey and enter 10 dBm 4 Press RF On Off to On 5 Press Mode Dual ARB Select Waveform and select the SINE_TEST_WF...

Page 110: ... mark specific points on a waveform segment When the signal generator encounters an enabled marker an auxiliary output signal is routed to the rear panel event connector described in Rear Panel that corresponds to the marker number You can use this auxiliary output signal to synchronize another instrument with the waveform or as a trigger signal to start a measurement at a given point on a wavefor...

Page 111: ...ple points Each marker can also perform ALC hold or RF Blanking and ALC hold Marker File Generation Generating a waveform segment see page 92 automatically creates a marker file that places a marker point on the first sample point of the segment for markers one and two Downloading a waveform file as described in the Agilent Signal Generators Programming Guide that does not have a marker file assoc...

Page 112: ... prefixes US4722 MY4722 While you can set a marker function described as Marker Routing on the softkey label either before or after you set marker points page 104 setting a marker function before setting marker points may cause power spikes or loss of power at the RF output Use the ALC hold function by itself when you have a waveform signal that incorporates idle periods or when the increased dyna...

Page 113: ...a sudden unleveled condition that may create a spike in the RF output potentially damaging a DUT or connected instrument To prevent this condition ensure that you set markers to let the ALC sample over an amplitude that accounts for the higher power levels encountered within the signal Positive Polarity ...

Page 114: ...ows a marker set to sample the waveform s area of highest amplitude Note that the marker is set well before the waveform s area of lowest amplitude This takes into account the response difference between the marker and the waveform signal Pulse Unleveled Example of Incorrect Use Waveform 1022 points Marker range 110 1022 Marker polarity Positive This example shows a marker set to sample the low pa...

Page 115: ...egins on first point of signal Negative range set between signal and off time Example of Incorrect Use Waveform 1022 points Marker range 110 1022 Marker polarity Negative This figure shows that a negative polarity marker goes low during the marker on points the marker signal goes high during the off points The ALC samples the waveform during the off marker points Marker On Marker On Sampling both ...

Page 116: ...ities menu page 101 press Set Markers 2 Highlight the desired waveform segment In an ARB format there is only one file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM and it is already highlighted 3 Press Display Markers Zoom in Max The maximum zoom in range is 28 points Experiment with the Zoom functions to see how they display the markers The display can show a maximum of 460 points displayed waveforms with a sample point ran...

Page 117: ...he Marker Utilities menu page 101 press Set Markers 2 Highlight the desired waveform segment In an ARB format there is only one file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM and it is already highlighted 3 Highlight the desired marker number Press Marker 1 2 3 4 The Set Marker display These softkeys change the range of waveform sample points shown on the marker display Each press of the softkey changes the sample range b...

Page 118: ...n Step 2 for this example 17 Press Last Mkr Point 17 Enter Apply To Waveform Return This turns off all marker points for the active marker within the range set in Steps 2 and 3 as shown in the following figure Clearing a Single Marker Point Use the steps described in Clearing a Range of Marker Points but set both the first and last marker point to the value of the point you want to clear For examp...

Page 119: ...e 101 press Set Markers 2 Highlight the desired waveform segment In an ARB format there is only one file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM and it is already highlighted 3 Highlight the desired marker number Press Marker 1 2 3 4 4 Press Set Marker On First Point This sets a marker on the first point in the segment for the marker number selected in Step 3 On Any Point Use the steps described in Placing a Marker Acro...

Page 120: ...skipped within the marker point range as shown below One application of the skipped point feature is the creation of a clock signal as the auxiliary output 3 Controlling Markers in a Waveform Sequence Dual ARB Only In a waveform segment an enabled marker point generates an auxiliary output signal that is routed to the rear panel event connector described in Rear Panel corresponding to that marker ...

Page 121: ...e the Marker 1 auxiliary signal appears only for the first segment because it is disabled for the remaining segments The Marker 2 auxiliary signal appears only for the second segment and the marker 3 and 4 auxiliary signals appear only for the third segment In an Existing Waveform Sequence If you have not already done so create and store a waveform sequence that contains at least three segments pa...

Page 122: ...for a waveform sequence This example uses the factory supplied segment SINE_TEST_WFM in the Dual ARB Player Factory supplied segments have a marker point on the first sample point for all four markers as shown 1 Press Mode Dual ARB Select Waveform and highlight the desired segment in this example SINE_TEST_WFM 2 Press ARB Off On to On 3 Connect an oscilloscope input to the EVENT 1 connector and tr...

Page 123: ...fore you set marker points may change the RF output RF Blanking includes ALC hold described on page 98 note Caution regarding unleveled power The signal generator blanks the RF output when the marker signal goes low 1 Using the factory supplied segment SINE_TEST_WFM set Marker 1 across points 1 180 page 104 2 From the Marker Utilities menu page 101 assign RF Blanking to Marker 1 Press Marker Routi...

Page 124: ...olarity is positive the default setting the RF output is blanked during the off maker points 200 180 Point 1 Marker Segment RF Signal RF Signal 200 180 Point 1 Marker Segment Marker Polarity Negative When marker polarity is negative the RF output is blanked during the on maker points 3 3V 0V 3 3V 0V ...

Page 125: ...ods you can configure the PSG to trigger on either state It is common to have multiple triggers also referred to as trigger occurrences or trigger events occur when the signal generator requires only a single trigger In this situation the PSG recognizes the first trigger event and ignores the rest When you select a trigger mode you may lose the signal carrier plus modulation from the RF output unt...

Page 126: ...ime Custom behavior depends on whether the signal incorporates framed or unframed data Because the PSG provides only unframed data to transmit a framed data signal you must create an external file that incorporates the framing and download it to the PSG see the Agilent Signal Generators Programming Guide Unframed data transmits during active states and stops during inactive states The signal stops...

Page 127: ...e or response Continuous has the following options Free Run immediately triggers and plays the waveform triggers received during play are ignored Trigger Run plays the waveform when a trigger is received subsequent triggers are ignored Reset Run not available in real time Custom plays the waveform when a trigger is received subsequent triggers restart the waveform Accessing Trigger Utilities The f...

Page 128: ... at the last transmitted symbol and restarts at the next symbol when the active state occurs Continuous Single or Segment Advance Modes The Ext Polarity Neg Pos softkey selections refer to the low negative and high positive states of an external trigger With Neg selected the default the PSG responds during the low state of the trigger signal Using Gated Triggering Gated triggering enables you to d...

Page 129: ... this example 6 Select the trigger source and rear panel input a For the Trigger Source softkey the default selection is Ext which is the selection used in this example gated triggering requires an external trigger b Press Trigger Source and note that for the Ext Source softkey the default selection is Patt Trig In 1 which is the selection used in this example 7 Generate the waveform Press ARB Off...

Page 130: ...on page 92 and Building and Storing a Waveform Sequence on page 93 1 Preset the signal generator 2 Configure the RF output Set the desired frequency Set the desired amplitude Turn on the RF output 3 Select a waveform sequence for playback a Press Mode Dual ARB Select Waveform b Highlight a waveform sequence file c Press Select Waveform 4 Select the waveform trigger method and trigger source a Pres...

Page 131: ...nishes Using Waveform Clipping Waveforms with high power peaks can cause intermodulation distortion which generates spectral regrowth a condition that interferes with signals in adjacent frequency bands The clipping function enables you to reduce high power peaks by clipping the I and Q data to a selected percentage of its highest peak The clipping feature is available only with the Dual ARB mode ...

Page 132: ...in the I Q modulator to create an RF waveform The magnitude of the RF envelope is determined by the equation where the squaring of I and Q always results in a positive value As shown in Figure 3 11 simultaneous positive and negative peaks in the I and Q waveforms do not cancel each other but combine to create an even greater peak ...

Page 133: ... of the relative infrequency of high power peaks a waveform will have a high peak to average power ratio see Figure 3 12 Because a transmitter s power amplifier gain is set to provide a specific average power high peaks can cause the power amplifier to move toward saturation This causes intermodulation distortion which generates spectral regrowth ...

Page 134: ...ping Reduces Peak to Average Power You can reduce peak to average power and consequently spectral regrowth by clipping the waveform to a selected percentage of its peak power The PSG vector signal generator provides two different methods of clipping circular and rectangular During circular clipping clipping is applied to the combined I and Q waveform I jQ Notice in Figure 3 14 that the clipping le...

Page 135: ...ge power that occurs after applying circular clipping to a waveform The lower you set the clipping value the lower the peak power that is passed or the more the signal is clipped Often the peaks can be clipped successfully without substantially interfering with the rest of the waveform Data that might be lost in the clipping process is salvaged because of the error correction inherent in the coded...

Page 136: ...122 Chapter 3 Basic Digital Operation Using Waveform Clipping Figure 3 15 Rectangular Clipping ...

Page 137: ...he circular setting clips the composite I Q data I and Q data are clipped equally For more information about circular clipping refer to How Clipping Reduces Peak to Average Power on page 120 1 Press Preset Mode Custom Arb Waveform Generator Digital Modulation Off On to On This generates a custom arbitrary waveform for use in this procedure You can also use a previously stored or downloaded wavefor...

Page 138: ... The rectangular setting clips the I and Q data independently For more information about rectangular clipping refer to How Clipping Reduces Peak to Average Power on page 120 1 Press Preset Mode Custom Arb Waveform Generator Digital Modulation Off On to On This generates a custom arbitrary waveform for use in this procedure You can also use a previously stored or downloaded waveform 2 Press Mode Du...

Page 139: ...rs Occur The PSG utilizes an interpolator filter in the conversion of the digital I and Q baseband waveforms into analog waveforms The clock rate of the interpolator is four times that of the baseband clock The interpolator therefore calculates sample points between the incoming baseband samples to equal the faster clock rate and smooth out the waveform giving it a more curve like appearance see F...

Page 140: ...m s amplitude while maintaining its basic shape and characteristics such as peak to average power ratio If the fast rising baseband waveform is scaled enough to allow an adequate margin for the overshoot the interpolator filter is then able to calculate sample points that include the ripple effect thereby eliminating the over range error see Figure 3 19 Figure 3 19 Waveform Scaling ...

Page 141: ... selected waveform 5 Press ARB Setup More 1 of 2 Waveform Runtime Scaling and adjust the front panel knob or use the number keys to enter a new value The new scaling value is instantly applied to the playing waveform Runtime scaling adjustments are not cumulative as the values are always relative to original amplitude of the waveform file Scaling a Waveform File in Volatile Memory This procedure e...

Page 142: ...ters which means you can store this value with the waveform When you select a waveform with a stored frequency offset value the signal generator changes the current value to match the stored file header value If there is no stored baseband offset frequency value for the current waveform the signal generator uses the last set frequency offset value You can also use the Save function to store this v...

Page 143: ...e 147 Using the ALC Selecting ALC Bandwidth CAUTION Internal leveling works from 15 dBm to maximum power For internal leveling the signal generator uses automatic leveling control ALC circuitry prior to the RF output ALC bandwidth has five selections automatic 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz and 100 kHz In automatic mode the preset selection the signal generator automatically selects the ALC bandwidth dependi...

Page 144: ... the point where leveled RF output power is desired This sensor detects changes in RF output power and returns a compensating voltage to the signal generator s ALC input The ALC circuitry raises or lowers levels the RF output power based on the voltage received from the external sensor ensuring constant power at the point of detection There are two types of external leveling available on the PSG Y...

Page 145: ...ation see External Leveling with Option 1E1 Signal Generators on page 133 6 Observe the coupling factor printed on the directional coupler at the detector port Typically this value is 10 to 20 dB Enter the positive dB value of this coupling factor into the signal generator 7 Press More 1 of 2 Ext Detector Coupling Factor 16 or the positive representation of the value listed at the detector port of...

Page 146: ...art you can determine the leveled power at the diode detector input by measuring the external detector output voltage You must then add the coupling factor to determine the leveled output power The range of power adjustment is approximately 20 to 25 dBm Figure 4 3 Typical Diode Detector Response at 25 C ...

Page 147: ...el 5 dBm This sets the attenuator to 45 dB and the ALC level to 5 dBm resulting in an RF output amplitude of 40 dBm as shown in the AMPLITUDE area of the display To obtain flatness corrected power refer to Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction on page 133 To Level with a mm Wave Source Module Millimeter wave source module leveling is similar to external detector leveling The power level f...

Page 148: ... and Applying User Flatness Correction generator s RF output Afterward use the steps in Recalling and Applying a User Flatness Correction Array to recall a user flatness file from the memory catalog and apply it to the signal generator s RF output ...

Page 149: ...enter correction values manually Required Equipment Agilent E4416A 17A 18B 19B power meter Agilent E4413A E Series CW power sensor GPIB interface cable adapters and cables as required NOTE If the setup has an external leveling configuration the equipment setup in Figure 4 4 assumes that the steps necessary to correctly level the RF output have been followed If you have questions about external lev...

Page 150: ...PIB address Enter c For E4417A and E4419B models press Meter Channel A B to select the power meter s active channel d Press Meter Timeout to adjust the length of time before the instrument generates a timeout error if unsuccessfully attempting to communicate with the power meter 3 Press More 2 of 2 Configure Cal Array More 1 of 2 Preset List Confirm Preset This opens the User Flatness table editor...

Page 151: ...auses the signal generator to perform the user flatness correction routine A progress bar is shown on the front panel display as the routine runs The routine generates a table of correction points with each correction point consisting of a frequency and amplitude correction value for that frequency The correction value at each point is the difference between the power level as measured by the powe...

Page 152: ...er Flatness Correction Data to the Memory Catalog This process allows you to save the user flatness correction data as in the signal generator s memory catalog With several user flatness correction files saved to the memory catalog any file can be recalled loaded into the correction array and applied to the RF output to satisfy specific RF output flatness requirements 1 Press Load Store 2 Press St...

Page 153: ...ice controller for the power meter In this operating mode it cannot receive SCPI commands via GPIB If the signal generator is to be interfaced to a remote controller after performing the user flatness correction its GPIB controller mode must be changed from GPIB talker to GPIB listener If an RF carrier has been previously configured you must save the present instrument state before returning the s...

Page 154: ... reads the power level data from the power meter calculates the correction values and stores the correction pairs in the user flatness correction array If you do not have the required Agilent power meter or if your power meter does not have a GPIB interface you can enter correction values manually NOTE User Flatness correction is only applicable for Agilent 83550 series mm wave source modules and ...

Page 155: ...the rear panel SOURCE MODULE interface connector Option 521 signal generators can damage MM source modules Consult the MM source module s operating manual for input damage levels 1 Turn off the line power to the signal generator 2 Connect the equipment For standard signal generators use the setup in Figure 4 5 For signal generators with Options 1EA 1EU or 521 use Figure 4 6 NOTE During the process...

Page 156: ...142 Chapter 4 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Figure 4 5 User Flatness with mm Wave Source Module for a Signal Generator without Options 1EA 1EU or 521 ...

Page 157: ...cted between the signal generator s RF output and the mm wave source module s RF input should be less than 1 5 dB Configure the Signal Generator 1 Turn on the signal generator s line power At power up the signal generator automatically does the following senses the mm wave source module switches the signal generator s leveling mode to external source module sets the mm wave source module frequency...

Page 158: ... Points 28 Enter This enters the desired flatness corrected frequencies 26 5 GHz to 40 GHz in 500 MHz intervals into the step array 8 Press Return Load Cal Array From Step Array Confirm Load From Step Data This populates the user flatness correction array with the frequency settings defined in the step array 9 Press Amplitude 0 dBm 10 Press RF On Off This activates the RF output and the RF ON annu...

Page 159: ... on the correction value entered 6 Repeat steps 2 through 5 until the power meter reads 0 dBm 7 Use the down arrow key to place the cursor over the frequency value for the next row The RF output changes to the frequency value highlighted by the cursor as shown in the AMPLITUDE area of the display 8 Repeat steps 2 through 7 for each entry in the User Flatness table Save the User Flatness Correction...

Page 160: ...is feature unless following a service center s recommendations This calibration should be done whenever the instrument temperature changes beyond specified parameters or and when greater amplitude flatness is required around the 500 MHz frequency transition Refer to the Data Sheet NOTE If the Option 521 Detector Calibration is inadvertently used the PSG has the ability to recall the factory amplit...

Page 161: ...ce in the stability and phase noise of the external or internal reference versus the synthesizer hardware for various frequency offsets from the carrier To Select the Reference Oscillator Bandwidth When using the internal bandwidth reference 1 Press Utility Instrument Adjustments Reference Oscillator Adjustment Internal Ref Bandwidth 2 Select the desired bandwidth When using an external bandwidth ...

Page 162: ...ssed Refer to the PSG s Data Sheet The PSG s low band phase noise can be improved below 250 MHz by using the Low Phase Noise Below 250 MHz softkey Refer to the PSG s Data Sheet See also Optimizing Harmonics Below 2 GHz on page 149 Figure 4 7 Low Band Phase Noise Below 250 MHz Frequency More More RF Path For SCPI commands refer to the SCPI Command Reference When the Low Phase Noise Below 250 MHz so...

Page 163: ...ass Filter Below 2 GHz softkey Refer to the PSG s Data Sheet See also Optimizing Phase Noise Below 250 MHz serial prefix xx4928 and higher on page 148 Figure 4 8 Low Band Phase Noise Below 2 GHz Frequency More More For SCPI commands refer to the SCPI Command Reference For SCPI commands refer to the SCPI Command Reference When the Low Pass Filter Below 2 GHz softkey has been pressed the Frequency S...

Page 164: ...150 Chapter 4 Optimizing Performance Optimizing Phase Noise and Harmonics Below 3 2 GHz Option UNX UNY ...

Page 165: ...t of peak amplitude setting for the second tone available from function generator only Swept Sine swept sine wave with adjustable start and stop frequencies sweep rate and sweep trigger settings available from function generator only Triangle triangle wave with adjustable amplitude and frequency Ramp ramp with adjustable amplitude and frequency Square square wave with adjustable amplitude and freq...

Page 166: ...kHz The shape of the waveform is a sine wave Notice that sine is the default selection for the AM Waveform softkey which can be viewed by pressing More 1 of 2 To Turn on Amplitude Modulation Follow these remaining steps to output the amplitude modulated signal 1 Press the AM Off On softkey to On 2 Press the front panel RF On Off key The AM and RF ON annunciators are now displayed This indicates th...

Page 167: ... or below the carrier frequency depending on the polarity of the DC level The amount frequency shift is directly related to the amplitude of the DC level A DC offset of 1 0 volt or greater will shift the external FM frequency by an amount equal to the maximum deviation setting For example if the signal generator CW frequency is 1 GHz and the maximum deviation setting is set to 100 kHz an external ...

Page 168: ...mplitude 0 dBm To Set the Pulse Period Width and Triggering 1 Press Pulse Pulse Period 100 usec 2 Press Pulse Pulse Width 24 usec 3 Press Pulse Pulse Source Int Gated 4 Connect a TTL signal to the Trigger In connector on the rear panel of the signal generator To configure the trigger signal polarity Press Utility Instrument Adjustments Signal Polarity Setup Trigger In Polarity The signal generator...

Page 169: ...ion UNU UNW on page 154 1 Ensure the two PSGs should have the same Analog Mod Gen PC board part numbers installed i e E8251 60306 and board software code version i e A0100 You can view this information by selecting the Utility hardkey then selecting the Instrument Info Help Mode and the Installed Board Info softkeys on each PSG 2 Set PSG1 to its RF output frequency f1 and PSG2 to its frequency f2 ...

Page 170: ... Delay softkey on each PSG Configuring the LF Output Option UNT With Option UNT the signal generator has a low frequency LF output described on page 12 The LF output s source can be switched between Internal 1 Monitor Internal 2 Monitor Function Generator 1 or Function Generator 2 Using Internal 1 Monitor or Internal 2 Monitor as the LF output source the LF output provides a replica of the signal ...

Page 171: ...ternal Monitor you have three ways of controlling the output You can use the modulation source AM FM or FM on off key the LF output on off key or the Mod On Off softkey The RF On Off hardkey does not apply to the LF OUTPUT connector To Configure the LF Output with an Internal Modulation Source In this example the internal FM modulation is the LF output source NOTE Internal modulation Internal Moni...

Page 172: ... Source Function Generator 1 Configuring the Waveform 1 Press LF Out Waveform Swept Sine 2 Press LF Out Start Freq 100 Hz 3 Press LF Out Stop Freq 1 kHz 4 Press Return Return This returns you to the top LF Output menu Configuring the Low Frequency Output 1 Press LF Out Amplitude 3 Vp This sets the LF output amplitude to 3 Vp 2 Press LF Out Off On The LF output is now transmitting a signal using Fu...

Page 173: ...ted carrier waveform If you want to create a single modulated carrier waveform start by selecting a Digital Modulation Setup from a set of predefined modes setups Once a predefined mode is selected you can modify the Modulation Type the Filter being used the Symbol Rate and the type of Triggering the Data Pattern is random by default This modified setup can then be stored and reused If you want to...

Page 174: ...ingle Carrier NADC Setup In this procedure you learn how to start with a single carrier NADC digital modulation and modify it to a custom waveform with customized modulation type symbol rate and filtering 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode Custom ARB Waveform Generator Setup Select NADC 3 Press Digital Mod Define Modulation Type PSK QPSK and OQPSK QPSK 4 Press Symbol Rate 56 ksps 5 Press Filter Select Ny...

Page 175: ...p EDGE Done 4 Highlight the Freq Offset value 500 000 kHz for the carrier in row 2 and press Edit Item 625 kHz 5 Highlight the Power value 0 00 dB for the carrier in row 2 and press Edit Item 10 dB You have a custom 2 carrier EDGE waveform with a carrier at a frequency offset of 625 kHz and a power level of 10 00 dBm 6 Press Return Digital Modulation Off On This generates a waveform with the custo...

Page 176: ...ction provides information on using predefined page 163 and user defined page 164 FIR filters NOTE The procedures in this section apply only to filters created in either the Custom Arb Waveform Generator or Custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode they do not work with downloaded files such as those created in Matlab The Filter menu selections enable you to apply a filter to the generated signal define ...

Page 177: ...ltime I Q Baseband Only Optimize FIR for EVM ACP enables you to optimize a Nyquist or root Nyquist filter for minimized error vector magnitude EVM or for minimized adjacent channel power ACP the softkey is grayed out when any other filter is selected Restore Default Filters replaces the current FIR filter with the default FIR filter for the selected format Using a Predefined FIR Filter Selecting a...

Page 178: ... Values editor allows a maximum filter length of 1024 coefficients the PSG hardware is limited to 64 symbols for real time and 512 symbols for arbitrary waveform generation the number of symbols equals the number of coefficients divided by the oversample ratio If you enter more than 64 symbols for real time or 512 symbols for arbitrary waveform generation the PSG cannot use the filter it will deci...

Page 179: ... The graphic display can provide a useful troubleshooting tool in this case it indicates that a coefficient value is set incorrectly resulting in an improper Gaussian response 12 Press Return 13 Highlight coefficient 15 14 Press 1 Enter 15 Press Load Store Store To File 16 Name the file NEWFIR2 and press Enter The contents of the current FIR Values editor are stored to a file in the Memory Catalog...

Page 180: ...you enter more than the maximum number of symbols the PSG cannot use the filter it decimates the filter throws away coefficients until the required condition is met and then uses the filter but fine resolution may be lost from the impulse response 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode Custom Arb Waveform Generator Digital Mod Define Filter or Mode Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Filter 3 Press Define User FIR...

Page 181: ...ch is the default so no action is necessary The Oversample Ratio OSR is the number of filter coefficients per symbol Acceptable values range from 1 through 32 the maximum combination of symbols and oversampling ratio allowed by the FIR Values editor is 1024 Remember however that the instrument hardware is limited to 64 symbols for real time waveform generation and 512 symbols for arbitrary wavefor...

Page 182: ... Return Load Store Store To File The Catalog of FIR Files appears along with the amount of memory available 12 If there is already a file name occupying the active entry area press Edit Keys Clear Text 13 Using the alphabetic menu and the numeric keypad enter NEWFIR1 as the file name 14 Press Enter The NEWFIR1 file is the first file name listed If you have previously stored other FIR files additio...

Page 183: ...ymbol this is also known as the Baud Rate Bit Rate is the frequency of the system bit stream The internal baseband generator Option 602 automatically streams the selected Data Pattern at the appropriate rate to accommodate the symbol rate setting Bit Rate Symbols s x Number of Bits Symbol Occupied Signal Bandwidth Symbol Rate x 1 Filter Alpha therefore the occupied signal bandwidth is dependent on...

Page 184: ...5 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 25 Msps BPSK binary phase shift keying 1 45 bps 50 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 50 Msps π 4 DQPSK 2 90 bps 100 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 25 Msps 8PSK eight phase state shift keying 3 135 bps 150 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 16 67 Msps 16PSK sixteen phase state shift keying 4 180 sps 200 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 12 5 Msps D8PSK eight phase state shift keying 3 135 bps 150 Mbps 4...

Page 185: ...atalog Restore all modulation parameters to their default state To Select a Predefined Modulation Type 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode Custom ARB Waveform Generator Digital Mod Define Modulation Type Select or Mode Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Modulation Type Select 3 Select one of the available modulation types NOTE If you select QPSK and OQPSK you must make a specific selection from the menu that d...

Page 186: ...mic range This is because you begin with a 256QAM constellation and delete unwanted points The remaining points that make up the 128QAM constellation are closer together than if you had mapped each point specifically Additionally this approach does not enable you to define the bit pattern associated with each symbol point as you could if the 128QAM constellation had been defined one point at a tim...

Page 187: ...ple 128QAM using the alpha keys and the numeric keypad 10 Press Enter The user defined I Q State Map should now be stored in the Catalog of IQ Files Creating a QPSK I Q Modulation Type User File with the I Q Values Editor In I Q modulation schemes symbols appear in default positions in the I Q plane Using the I Q Values editor you can define your own symbol map by changing the position of one or m...

Page 188: ...the distinct values 4 Press More 2 of 2 Display I Q Map An I Q State Map is displayed from the current values in the I Q Values table The I Q State Map in this example has four symbols The I Q State Map uses the following four unique values 0 5 1 0 0 5 and 1 0 to create the four symbols It is not the number of values that defines how many symbols a map has but how those values are combined 5 Press...

Page 189: ...s editor navigate to Data 00000000 and press Edit Item 5 Press 235702 Enter then 235702 Enter When you press Enter the first time the I value updates and the highlight moves to the first Q entry The second time the Q value updates and the highlight moves to the following I entry 6 Press Display I Q Map Note that one symbol has moved as shown Creating an FSK Modulation Type User File with the Frequ...

Page 190: ...ustom Real Time I Q Baseband mode but is not available for waveforms generated in custom Arb Waveform Generator mode Use this example to learn how to add errors to a default FSK modulation 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Modulation Type Define User FSK More 1 of 2 Load Default FSK 3 Press Freq Dev 1 8 kHz 4 Press 4 Lvl FSK This sets the frequency deviation and opens the F...

Page 191: ... as a baseband source and enable the wideband inputs 1 Set up the internal baseband generator with the desired signal 2 Press the Mux hardkey 3 Press I Q Out 4 Press BBG1 5 Press the front panel I Q hardkey 6 Press I Q Off 7 Press I Q Path Wide Ext Rear Inputs 8 Press I Q On Single Ended Wideband IQ Option 015 Discontinued The signal generator with Option 015 can use an external I Q modulation sou...

Page 192: ...rigger Using this procedure you learn how to utilize an external function generator to apply a delayed single trigger to a custom multicarrier waveform 1 Connect an Agilent 33120A function generator or equivalent to the signal generator PATT TRIGGER IN port as shown in Figure 6 1 Figure 6 1 2 On the signal generator press Preset 3 Press Mode Custom Arb Waveform Generator 4 Press Multicarrier Off O...

Page 193: ...tom Arb Waveform Generator Digital Modulation Off On until On is highlighted This generates a waveform with the custom multicarrier state and the display changes to Dig Mod Setup Multicarrier During waveform generation the DIGMOD and I Q annunciators activate and the new custom multicarrier state is stored in volatile ARB memory The waveform should be modulating the RF carrier 12 Press RF On Off T...

Page 194: ...180 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Configuring Hardware ...

Page 195: ... can be modified by applying various data patterns filters symbol rates modulation types and burst shapes To begin using the Custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode start by selecting from a set of predefined modes setups or specify a setup by selecting a Data Pattern Filter Symbol Rate Modulation Type Burst Shape Configure Hardware Phase Polarity and whether Differential Data Encode is off or on Worki...

Page 196: ...modulation type The following data patterns are available PN sequence allows you to access a menu PN9 PN11 PN15 PN20 PN23 for internal data generation of pseudorandom sequences pseudorandom noise sequences a pseudorandom noise sequence is a periodic binary sequence approximating in some sense a Bernoulli coin tossing process with equiprobable outcomes FIX4 0000 allows you to define a 4 bit repeati...

Page 197: ...gnal generator s Bit File Editor or they can be created on a remote computer and moved to the signal generator for direct use these remotely created data pattern files can also be modified with the Bit File Editor For information on creating user defined data files on a remote computer see the Agilent Signal Generators Programming Guide These procedures demonstrate how to use the Bit File Editor t...

Page 198: ...us files 3 Using the numeric keypad not the softkeys enter the 32 bit values shown Bit data is entered into the Bit File Editor in 1 bit format The current hexadecimal value of the binary data is shown in the Hex Data column and the cursor position in hexadecimal is shown in the Position indicator Hexadecimal Data File Name indicator Bit Data Cursor Position indicator in Hex Offset in Hex ...

Page 199: ... on page 183 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Data User File 3 Highlight the file to be selected for example USER1 4 Press Edit File The Bit File Editor should open the selected file for example USER1 Modifying an Existing Data Pattern User File In this example you learn how to modify an existing data pattern user file by navigating to a particular bit position and changin...

Page 200: ... 4C of the table as shown in the following figure Inverting the Bit Values of an Existing Data Pattern User File 1 On the keypad press 1011 This inverts the bit values that are positioned 4C through 4F Notice that hex data in this row has now changed to 76DB6DB6 as shown in the following figure Cursor moves to new position Position indicator changes Bits 4C through 4F inverted Hex Data changed ...

Page 201: ... can define the shape of the burst and preview the burst shape through a Rise Shape Editor or restore all of the burst shape parameters back to their original default state Rise time the period of time specified in bits where the burst increases from a minimum of 70 dB 0 to full power 1 Fall time the period of time specified in bits where the burst decreases from full power 1 to a minimum of 70 dB...

Page 202: ... Fall Time 5 bits 6 Press Fall Delay 1 bits This configures the burst shape for the custom real time I Q baseband digital modulation format For instructions on creating and applying user defined burst shape curves see To Create and Store User Defined Burst Shape Curves on page 189 Using User Defined Burst Shape Curves You can adjust the shape of the rise time curve and the fall time curve using th...

Page 203: ...Time I Q Baseband Burst Shape 3 Press Define User Burst Shape More 1 of 2 Delete All Rows Confirm Delete Of All Rows 4 Enter values similar to the sample values in the following table a Highlight the value 1 000000 for sample 1 b Press 4 Enter c Press 6 Enter d Enter the remaining values for samples 3 through 9 from the table above e Press More 2 of 2 Edit Fall Shape Load Mirror Image of Rise Shap...

Page 204: ... 7 2 NOTE To return the burst shape to the default conditions press Return Return Confirm Exit From Table Without Saving Restore Default Burst Shape 6 Press Return Load Store Store To File If there is already a file name from the Catalog of SHAPE Files occupying the active entry area press the following keys Editing Keys Clear Text 7 Enter a file name for example NEWBURST using the alpha keys and ...

Page 205: ... Custom Off On This generates the custom modulation with user defined burst shape created in the previous steps During waveform generation the CUSTOM and I Q annunciators activate The waveform is now modulating the RF carrier 6 Press RF On Off The current real time I Q baseband digital modulation format with user defined burst shape should be available at the signal generator s RF OUTPUT connector...

Page 206: ...orking with Phase Polarity To Set Phase Polarity to Normal or Inverted 1 Press Mode Custom Real Time I Q Baseband More 1 of 3 Phase Polarity Normal Invert Phase Polarity Normal Invert enables you to either leave the selection as Normal so that the phase relationship between the I and Q signals is not altered by the phase polarity function or set to Invert and invert the internal Q signal reversing...

Page 207: ... example consider the signal generator s default 4QAM I Q modulation With a user defined modulation based on the default 4QAM template the I Q Values editor contains data that represent four symbols 00 01 10 and 11 mapped into the I Q plane using two distinct values 1 000000 and 1 000000 These four symbols can be differentially encoded during the modulation process by assigning symbol table offset...

Page 208: ...g a secondary encoded data stream that is defined by changes in the digital state from 1 to 0 or from 0 to 1 of the raw data stream This differentially encoded data stream is then modulated and transmitted In differential data encoding a change in a raw data bit s digital state from 1 to 0 or from 0 to 1 produces a 1 in the encoded data stream No change in digital state from one bit to the next in...

Page 209: ...ugh the I Q State Map based on their associated data value Whenever a data value is modulated the offset value stored in the Differential State Map is used to encode the data by transitioning through the I Q State Map in a direction and distance defined by the symbol table offset value Entering a value of 1 causes a 1 state forward transition through the I Q State Map As an example consider the fo...

Page 210: ...ansitions using a particular symbol table offset value The actual state to state transition depends on the state in which the modulation starts Example 2 transition 1 state backward Example 1 transition 1 state forward Example 3 transition 2 states forward Example 4 no transition Example Data Offset Value 1 00000000 1 2 00000001 1 3 00000010 2 4 00000011 0 ...

Page 211: ...nique that denotes a binary value by a signal change rather than a particular signal state It is available for Custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode It is not available for waveforms generated by Arb Waveform Generator mode The signal generator s Differential State Map editor enables you to modify the differential state map associated with user defined I Q and user defined FSK modulations In this pro...

Page 212: ... represent 4 symbols 00 01 10 and 11 mapped into the I Q plane using 2 distinct values 1 000000 and 1 000000 These 4 symbols will be traversed during the modulation process by the symbol table offset values associated with each symbol of data Accessing the Differential State Map Editor Press Configure Differential Encoding This opens the Differential State Map editor At this point you see the data...

Page 213: ...dulation has one bit per symbol For the first two data values 00000000 and 00000001 only the last bits the 0 and the 1 respectively are significant 3 Press 2 Enter This encodes the third symbol by adding a symbol table offset of 2 The symbol rotates forward through the state map by 2 values when a data value of 10 is modulated 4 Press 0 Enter This encodes the fourth symbol by adding a symbol table...

Page 214: ...ears next to Differential State Map on the signal generator s display Differential state maps are associated with the user defined modulation for which they were created To save a custom differential state map you must store the user defined modulation for which it was designed Otherwise the symbol table offset data is purged when you press the Confirm Exit From Table Without Saving softkey when e...

Page 215: ... GPS on page 210 single satellite GPS NOTE The Agilent Scenario Generator for GPS software Option 422 provides the ability to create custom scenario files for real time playback using Option 409 The software is available as a free download allowing you to investigate the features of the scenario generator create and save scenario files or download them to your E8267D signal generator The signal ge...

Page 216: ...o files that include the following information simulated location city latitude longitude elevation simulated date and time scenario duration satellite IDs present in view in the scenario pause and resume function for the currently playing scenario restart function that sets the currently playing scenario to the beginning without turning off the RF output adjustable number of satellites in view to...

Page 217: ...al is generated within the PSG for a four satellite MSGPS simulation The PSG produces a simulated signal for each satellite and then sums them together to produce the MSGPS signal Use the Number of Satellites softkey to specify the number of satellites in the MSGPS simulation Figure 8 1 MSGPS Signal Generation Diagram ...

Page 218: ...ator FTP Access on the left hand side An explorer file window will be opened 3 If a view to your desktop is not already visible on the explorer file window open one by selecting View Explorer Bar Folders from the drop down menu This will provide a view of both your desktop and the PSG s file system 4 Locate the GPS scenario file previously downloaded on your PC 5 Drag and drop the GPS file into th...

Page 219: ...s than 160 dBm may produce invalid test results If you use a physical connection to apply the GPS signal to your antenna keep in mind that most GPS antennas are active a DC voltage is delivered to the antenna from the receiver A DC block is therefore required between the signal generator and the antenna For direct connection Agilent recommends setting the signal generator RF output power to betwee...

Page 220: ...sages The receiver produces a maximum of three GPGSV messages every second The fields are comma separated two adjacent commas signify a field for which a value is not assigned GPGSV 3 1 12 21 71 000 27 68 000 34 08 62 000 33 29 52 000 71 GPGSV 3 2 12 24 39 000 10 36 000 26 35 000 25 32 000 35 71 GPGSV 3 3 12 19 29 000 03 20 000 33 16 19 000 34 18 19 000 71 ...

Page 221: ...re information refer to the following document available at http www nmea org pub 0183 NMEA 0183 Standard For Interfacing Marine Electronic Devices Table 8 1 GPGSV Fields GPGSV Field Description GPGSV 3 Number of GPGSV messages in this set 1 Number of this GPGSV in the set 1 of 3 12 Total number of satellites in view 21 71 000 Satellite 21 elevation 71 azimuth 0 CNO unknown 27 68 000 34 Satellite ...

Page 222: ... scenario is displayed including the simulated location the date and time and the satellites in view 5 Press Number of Satellites and enter 5 to use only the first five satellites in view in the generated signal 6 Press Real time MSGPS Off On to On to play the selected scenario 7 Press Pause The scenario file stops playing 8 Press Resume The scenario file continues playing from the point at which ...

Page 223: ...BASEBAND GEN REF IN 2 Set the chip rate of the external clock to the desired value 3 Press Mode More 1 of 2 GPS Real Time MSGPS More 1 of 2 GPS Ref Clk Ext Int to Ext 4 Press GPS Ref f0 5 Use the numeric keypad to set the GPS reference clock to the same chip rate as the external clock NOTE The chip rate of the external source must match the chip rate of the reference clock set using the GPS Ref f0...

Page 224: ...nge of 33 to 37 for other uses selectable data modes Raw Encoded and TLM simulated doppler shift with a 250 kHz range selectable internal or external chip clock reference source The signal generator s pre defined GPS signal setup includes a C A ranging code a satellite ID of 1 zero doppler shift a 10 23 Mcps reference clock and the Raw data mode enabled using PN9 data The satellite ID numbers matc...

Page 225: ...he GPS signal is generated within the PSG Notice that the C A code modulates the L band signal using the I axis of the I Q modulator and the P code modulates the L band signal using the Q axis Select the data provided by the data generator using the Data softkey or by choosing the TLM data mode Figure 8 3 GPS Signal Generation Diagram ...

Page 226: ...ncoded Enc data mode enables the continuous transmission of 10 words per subframe with each word containing 24 bits of raw data and 6 trailing parity bits computed from the selected data by the PSG TLM The telemetry TLM mode enables the continuous transmission of a formatted TLM word a handover word HOW and default navigation data as outlined in the Global Positioning System Standard Positioning S...

Page 227: ...adjustable using the GPS Ref f0 softkey The factory set value is 10 23 Mcps the GPS standard You can use the internal chip clock or an external source to provide the reference To use an external reference connect the external source to the DATA CLOCK input connector NOTE If you use an external source to provide the chip clock reference the frequency of the external source must match the PSG s refe...

Page 228: ...al generator rear panel The AUX I O connector outputs the SYMBOL SYNC OUT DATA CLOCK OUT and DATA OUT signals refer to 5 AUXILIARY I O on page 25 for more information EVENT 1 and EVENT 2 are BNC connectors If the signal generator is configured with Option 1EM EVENT 1 and EVENT 2 connectors are changed from BNC to SMB connectors See Rear Panel on page 20 Figure 8 5 GPS Signals ...

Page 229: ...develop this signal externally and download it to the PSG User files can be in either binary or bit format Save user files to the bin directory Select a data mode for your data file as you would for other data types see Data Modes and Subframe Structures on page 212 If files are created externally and incorporate parity bits use the Raw data mode to transmit the data in its original form If your f...

Page 230: ...or RF output amplitude to 120 dBm 10 Turn the RF output on by pressing the RF On Off hardkey on the signal generator front panel The real time GPS signal is now available at the signal generator RF OUTPUT connector Figure 8 6 on page 217 shows what the signal generator display should like after all steps have been completed Notice the GPS I Q and RF ON annunciators are on and the parameter setting...

Page 231: ... reference clock source to the chip rate value entered in Step 3 The maximum data rate for this input connector is 50 Mb s with a voltage range of 0 5 to 5 5 V NOTE The chip rate of the external source must match the chip rate value set using the GPS Ref f0 softkey Figure 8 7 on page 218 shows what the signal generator display should look like after all the steps have been completed The CA Chip Ra...

Page 232: ...changed from the GPS standard of 10 23 Mcps to 11 03 kcps This change in the reference signal frequency automatically changed the P and C A code chip rates Since the P code chip rate matches the reference frequency its chip rate is now 11 03 kcps the C A code rate is one tenth of the reference frequency and so is now 1 103 kcps For more information on the GPS option refer to Real Time GPS on page ...

Page 233: ...ween the receiver and the PSG as shown in Figure 8 8 Figure 8 8 Setup for a Receiver Sensitivity Test 2 Set the GPS data mode to TLM 3 Set the power level on the PSG 4 Set the L band frequency on the PSG 5 Set up the UE user equipment to receive the signal from the PSG 6 Turn on the GPS personality and the RF output on the PSG ...

Page 234: ...220 Chapter 8 GPS Modulation Option 409 Real Time GPS ...

Page 235: ...ones whose IMD products can be measured using a spectrum analyzer and used as a reference when measuring the IMD generated by a device under test Multitone waveforms are created using the internal I Q baseband generator and stored in ARB memory for playback Although the multitone mode generates a high quality waveform a small amount of IMD carrier feedthrough and feedthrough related IMD occurs Car...

Page 236: ...can define modify and store user defined multitone waveforms Multitone waveforms are generated by the dual arbitrary waveform generator 1 Preset the signal generator 2 Set the signal generator RF output frequency to 20 GHz 3 Set the signal generator RF output amplitude to 0 dBm 4 Press Mode Multitone Initialize Table Number of Tones 9 Enter 5 Press Freq Spacing 1 MHz 6 Press Initialize Phase Fixed...

Page 237: ...D products Actual key presses will vary depending on the model of spectrum analyzer you are using 1 Preset the spectrum analyzer 2 Set the carrier frequency to 20 GHz 3 Set the frequency span to 20 MHz 4 Set the amplitude for a 10 dB scale with a 4 dBm reference 5 Adjust the resolution bandwidth to sufficiently reduce the noise floor to expose the IMD products A 9 1 kHz setting was used in our exa...

Page 238: ...dure 1 Press Initialize Table Number of Tones 10 Enter 2 Press Done 3 Highlight the value On in the State column for the tone in row 2 4 Press Toggle State 5 Highlight the value 0 dB in the Power column for the tone in row 4 6 Press Edit Item 10 dB 7 Highlight the value 0 in the Phase column for the tone in row 4 8 Press Edit Item 123 deg Intermodulation Distortion Multitone Channels ...

Page 239: ...d generator creates a multitone waveform using the new settings and replaces the existing waveform in ARB memory You have now changed the number of tones to 10 disabled tone 2 and changed the power and phase of tone 4 Figure 9 4 shows what the multitone setup table display on the signal generator should look like after all steps have been completed The spectrum analyzer should display a waveform s...

Page 240: ... you to dynamically view the carrier feedthrough spike as you make adjustments 2 On the signal generator press I Q I Q Adjustments I Q Adjustments Off On to On 3 Press I Offset and turn the rotary knob while observing the carrier feedthrough with the spectrum analyzer Changing the I offset in the proper direction will reduce the feedthrough level Adjust the level as low as possible 4 Press Q Offse...

Page 241: ...sed to measure the IMD products generated by a device under test Note that carrier feedthrough changes with time and temperature Therefore you will need to periodically readjust your I and Q offsets to keep the signal optimized Figure 9 6 To Determine Peak to Average Characteristics This procedure describes how to set the phases of the tones in a multitone waveform and determine the peak to averag...

Page 242: ...lize Phase Fixed Random to Random 9 Press Random Seed Fixed Random to Random 10 Press Done 11 Press Apply Multitone 12 Press More 1 of 2 Waveform Statistics Plot CCDF You should now see a display that is similar to the one shown in Figure 9 8 The CCDF plot displays the peak to average characteristics of the waveform with randomly generated phases and a random seed The random phase setup simulates ...

Page 243: ...Chapter 9 229 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms Figure 9 8 CCDF Plot with Random Phase Set Peak Power ...

Page 244: ...230 Chapter 9 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms ...

Page 245: ...d using the internal I Q baseband generator and stored in ARB memory for playback Although the two tone mode generates a high quality waveform a small amount of IMD occurs In addition to IMD a small amount of carrier feedthrough and feedthrough related IMD may be present when the spacing between the tones is centered on the carrier frequency To minimize carrier feedthrough for a two tone signal yo...

Page 246: ...Hz 3 Set the signal generator RF output amplitude to 0 dBm 4 Press Mode Two Tone Freq Separation 10 MHz 5 Press Two Tone Off On to On 6 Turn on the RF output The two tone signal is now available at the signal generator RF OUTPUT connector Figure 10 2 on page 233 shows what the signal generator display should look like after all steps have been completed Notice that the T TONE I Q RF ON and MOD ON ...

Page 247: ...ale with a 4 dBm reference 5 Adjust the resolution bandwidth to sufficiently reduce the noise floor to expose the IMD products A 9 1 kHz setting was used in our example 6 Turn on the peak detector 7 Set the attenuation to 14 dB so you re not overdriving the input mixer on the spectrum analyzer You should now see a two tone waveform with a 20 GHz center carrier frequency that is similar to the one ...

Page 248: ...about 100 to 200 ms This will allow you to dynamically view the carrier feedthrough spike as you make adjustments 2 On the signal generator press I Q I Q Adjustments I Q Adjustments Off On to On 3 Press I Offset and turn the rotary knob while observing the carrier feedthrough with the spectrum analyzer Changing the I offset in the proper direction will reduce the feedthrough level Adjust the level...

Page 249: ... two tone signal can now be used to measure the IMD products generated by a device under test Note that carrier feedthrough changes with time and temperature Therefore you will need to periodically readjust your I and Q offsets to keep your signal optimized Figure 10 4 To Change the Alignment of a Two Tone Waveform This procedure describes how to align a two tone waveform left or right relative to...

Page 250: ...ange by pressing the Apply Settings softkey before the updated waveform will be generated When you apply a change the baseband generator creates a two tone waveform using the new settings and replaces the existing waveform in ARB memory 3 On the spectrum analyzer temporarily turn off waveform averaging to refresh your view more quickly You should now see a left aligned two tone waveform that is si...

Page 251: ... can be set from 50 kHz to 15 MHz Waveform Length the waveform length is the length in samples of the noise waveform Longer waveform lengths provide more statistically correct noise waveforms Noise Seed the noise seed selection can be either random or fixed The noise seed determines whether the noise waveform data is repeatable using the fixed selection or random using the random selection When th...

Page 252: ...veform is now modulating the RF carrier Real Time I Q Baseband AWGN 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode More 1 of 2 AWGN Real Time I Q Baseband AWGN 3 Press Bandwidth 10 MHz Configuring the RF Output 1 Set the RF output frequency to 500 MHz 2 Set the output amplitude to 10 dBm 3 Press RF On Off Generating the Waveform Press AWGN Off On until On is highlighted This generates an AWGN waveform with the param...

Page 253: ... Modules on page 276 N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Clock Timing This section describes how clocking for the digital data is provided Clock timing information and diagrams are supplied for the different port configurations serial parallel or parallel interleaved data transmission and phase and skew settings All settings for the interface module are available on the signal generator user in...

Page 254: ... 12 1 and Table 12 2 show the warranted rates and the maximum clock rates for the various logic and signal types Notice that LVDS in the output mode using an IF signal is the only logic type where the warranted and maximum rates are the same Table 12 1 Warranted Parallel Output Level Clock Rates and Maximum Clock Rates Logic Type Warranted Level Clock Rates Maximum Clock Rates typical IQ Signal Ty...

Page 255: ...lowing values in serial mode Clock rate of 5 kHz through 150 MHz Sample rate of 1 kHz through 30 MHz Refer to Table 12 3 and Table 12 4 for the serial clock rates Table 12 2 Warranted Parallel Input Level Clock Rates and Maximum Clock Rates Logic Type Warranted Level Clock Rates Maximum Clock Rates typical LVTTL and CMOS 100 MHz 100 MHz LVDS 100 MHz 400 MHz Table 12 3 Output Serial Clock Rates Log...

Page 256: ...ion clock rates For Input mode the maximum clock rate is limited by the following factors sample size data type selected filter for Pre FIR Samples Refer to Table 12 6 for the Input mode parallel and parallel interleaved port configuration clock rates Table 12 5 Output Parallel and Parallel Interleaved Clock Rates Logic Type Signal Type Minimum Rate Maximum Rate LVDS IQ 1 x clocks sample kHz the s...

Page 257: ...d signal needs to be specified using the Reference Frequency softkey unless the current setting matches that of the applied signal The selected clock source provides the interface module output clock signal at the Clock Out and the Device Interface connectors Common Frequency Reference The clocking flexibility of the digital signal interface module allows the setting of arbitrary clock rates for t...

Page 258: ...f the external or device under test clock source cannot provide or accept a frequency reference that clock signal can be applied to this connector and used as the frequency reference Whenever an external clock signal or frequency reference is connected to the BASEBAND GEN REF IN connector its frequency needs to be entered into the current signal generator modulation format For information on the B...

Page 259: ...A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 12 3 Frequency Reference Setup Diagrams for the N5102A Module Clock Signal NOTE Use only one of the two signal generator frequency reference inputs Internally Generated Clock Device DUT Supplied Clock ...

Page 260: ... the I and Q samples are held constant to accommodate the additional clock periods This reduces the sample rate relative to the clock rate by a factor equal to the clocks per sample selection For example when four is selected the sample rate is reduced by a factor of four sample rate to clock rate ratio Figure 12 4 demonstrates the clock timing for each clocks per sample selection For input mode t...

Page 261: ...5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Figure 12 4 Clock Sample Timing for Parallel Port Configuration 1 Sample Period Q sample 1 Clock Per Sample 1 Clock Clock and sample rates are the same I sample Clock 4 bits per word 4 bits per word ...

Page 262: ...ple Period 4 Clocks Per Sample 4 Clocks Sample rate decreases by a factor of four I sample Q sample Clock 4 bits per word 4 bits per word 1 Sample Period 2 Clocks Per Sample 2 Clocks I sample Q sample Sample rate decreases by a factor of two Clock 4 bits per word 4 bits per word ...

Page 263: ...arameter for parallel interleaved transmissions and creates a reduction in the sample rate relative to the clock rate The clocks per sample selection is the ratio of the reduction Figure 12 5 shows each of the clocks per sample selections for a parallel IQ interleaved port configuration using a word sized of four bits and the clock timing relative to the I and Q samples For a parallel QI interleav...

Page 264: ...mitted during the second two Clock Q sample 4 bits per word I sample 4 bits per word clock periods the sample rate is decreased by a factor of four 1 Sample Period 2 Clocks Per Sample 2 Clocks The I sample is transmitted for one clock period and the Q sample is transmitted during the second Clock Q sample 4 bits per word I sample 4 bits per word clock period the sample rate decreases by a factor o...

Page 265: ... and 180 degree selections for clock rates below 10 MHz and greater than 200 MHz The skew is displayed in nanoseconds with a maximum range of 5 ns using a maximum of 127 discrete steps Both the skew range and the number of discrete steps are variable with a dependency on the clock rate The skew range decreases as the clock rate is increased and increases as the clock rate is decreased The maximum ...

Page 266: ... common frequency reference and the N5102A module provides the clock to the device See the N5102A Digital Signal Interface Module Installation Guide for detailed information on device interface connections CAUTION The Device Interface connector on the interface module communicates using high speed digital data Use ESD precautions to eliminate potential damage when making connections NOTE You must ...

Page 267: ...ce Interface mating connector is used with the device under test refer to Figure 12 8 for the device interface connection and connect the device to the N5102A module Then proceed to Operating the N5102A Module in Output Mode on page 255 or Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode on page 264 4 Refer to Figure 12 8 Connect the breakout board to the N5102A module s Device Interface connector 5 Conn...

Page 268: ...e will send filtered samples to the digital module at a rate between 50 MHz and 100 MHz Selecting Pre FIR Samples sends unfiltered samples to the digital module at a rate equal to the sample rate of the current format Input Mode When the data type is Samples the data samples coming through the digital module are injected at a point that bypasses the filtering process If Pre FIR Samples is selected...

Page 269: ... time or ARB modulation formats or playing back a stored file using the Dual ARB player For information on setting up real time or ARB waveforms or to learn about using the Dual ARB player refer to the appropriate chapter in this guide 1 Preset the signal generator 2 Select the modulation format TDMA Custom and so forth and set the desired parameters 3 Turn on the modulation format Accessing the N...

Page 270: ... 9 First Level Softkey Menu Choosing the Logic Type and Port Configuration Figure 12 10 Logic and Port Configuration Softkey Menus 1 Refer to Figure 12 10 Press the Logic Type softkey From this menu choose a logic type Line is grayed out until the N5102A module interface is turned on ...

Page 271: ...active Softkeys that are grayed out are not available for the current setup Refer to the help text to determine which parameter is causing the softkey to be unavailable To get help information press the Help hardkey then press the unavailable softkey 4 Select the port configuration for the device Selecting the Output Direction Press Data Setup Direction Input Output to Output and press Return NOTE...

Page 272: ...lines used for both I and Q along with the clock position relative to the data When the port configuration is parallel or parallel interleaved the number of data lines indicated is equivalent to the word sample size When the port configuration is serial the display will show that only one I and one Q data line is being used along with the frame marker that delineates the beginning of a sample Figu...

Page 273: ...ation standard of the active modulation format This is the preset selection and the one most commonly used However if the device being tested already incorporates FIR filters the Pre FIR Samples selection should be used to avoid double filtering 3 Select the data type that is appropriate for the test 4 Press the Numeric Format softkey From this menu select how the binary values are represented Sel...

Page 274: ...s or both The choice to use negation is dependent on the device being tested and how it needs to receive the data 8 Press the Gain Offset Scaling softkey Use the softkeys in this menu for the following functions reduce sample values for both I and Q using the Scaling softkey increase or decrease the sample values independently for I and Q using the I Gain and Q Gain softkeys compensate for or add ...

Page 275: ...ock source selection discussed later in this procedure The bottom graphic shows the clock position relative to the data The displayed clock signal will change to reflect the following clocks per sample selection clock phase choice clock skew adjustment clock polarity selection If the device or external clock does not match the frequency one of the following error messages will appear on the PSG 80...

Page 276: ...e to fit the test 4 Press the Clock Source softkey From this menu select the clock signal source With each selection the clock routing display in the signal generator clock setup menu will change to reflect the current clock source This will be indicated by a change in the graphic 5 Select the clock source If External or Device is Selected Press the Clock Rate softkey and enter the clock rate of t...

Page 277: ...ow 25 MHz this softkey is inactive The skew has discrete values with a range that is dependent on the clock rate Refer to Clock Timing for Phase and Skew Adjustments on page 251 for more information on skew settings 10 Enter the skew adjustment that best positions the clock with the valid portion of the data 11 Press the Clock Polarity Neg Pos softkey to Neg This shifts the clock signal 180 degree...

Page 278: ...ed that you first disable the digital output N5102A Off On softkey to Off to avoid exposing your device and the N5102A module to the signal variations that may occur during the parameter changes Operating the N5102A Module in Input Mode This section shows how to set the parameters for the N5102A Option 004 module using the signal generator UI in the input direction Each procedure contains a figure...

Page 279: ...utput mode and Option 004 input mode are installed you must select the input direction Press Data Setup Direction Input Output to Input and press Return NOTE If only Option 004 is installed the direction softkey will be unavailable and the mode will always be input Line is grayed out until the N5102A module interface is turned on Internal clock going to the DUT ...

Page 280: ... tested A caution message is displayed whenever a change is made to the logic types and a softkey selection appears asking for confirmation 3 Refer to Figure 12 16 Press the Port Configuration softkey In this menu select either a serial parallel or parallel interleaved data transmission NOTE Within the data and clock setup softkey menus only softkeys that are relative to the current configuration ...

Page 281: ...O overflow error There are more samples being produced than can be consumed at the current clock rate Verify that the digital module clock is set up properly This error is reported when the digital module clock setup is not synchronized with the rate the samples are entering the digital module Verify that the input clock rate matches the specified clock rate under the clock setup menu 804 Digital ...

Page 282: ...ty selection 2 Press the Clock Source softkey From this menu select the clock signal source With each selection the clock routing display in the signal generator clock setup menu will change to reflect the current clock source This will be indicated by a change in the graphic 3 Select the clock source If External or Device is Selected Press the Clock Rate softkey and enter the clock rate of the ex...

Page 283: ...ative clock polarity The 90 degree and 270 degree selections are not available when the clock rate is set below 10 MHz or above 200 MHz If 90 degrees or 270 degrees is selected when the clock rate is set below 10 MHz or above 200 MHz the phase will change to 0 degrees or 180 degrees respectively NOTE The clock phase and clock skew may need to be adjusted any time the clock rate setting is changed ...

Page 284: ...ce selection is also reflected in the first level softkey menu graphic For example if the device is the new clock source you will see that the frequency reference is now connected to the DUT and the DUT has an input clock line going to the N5102A module Selecting the Data Parameters This procedure guides you through the data setup menu Softkeys that have self explanatory names for example the Word...

Page 285: ... used to avoid double filtering Refer to Data Types on page 254 for more information 3 Select the data type that is appropriate for the test needs 4 Press the Numeric Format softkey From this menu select how the binary values are represented Selecting 2 s complement allows both positive and negative data values Use the Offset Binary selection when components cannot process negative values 5 Select...

Page 286: ...ing This indicates that the data lines are active If the status light is solidly illuminated not blinking all the data lines are inactive The status light comes on and stays on blinking or solid after the first time the N5102A module is turned on N5102A Off On softkey to On The status light will stay on until the module is disconnected from its power supply NOTE If changes are made to the baseband...

Page 287: ...apters connected to the E8267D PSG or E8257D PSG with Options 1EA 1EU or 521 should be less than 1 5 dB This will ensure maximum power from the external source module Setting Up the External Source Module CAUTION To prevent damage to the signal generator turn off the line power to the signal generator before connecting the source module interface cable to the rear panel SOURCE MODULE INTERFACE con...

Page 288: ...274 Chapter 12 Peripheral Devices Millimeter Wave Source Modules Figure 12 21 E8257D PSG without Option 1EA 1EU or 521 ...

Page 289: ... and amplitude ranges 2 Press Frequency 3 of 3 Source Module toggle the Agilent 8355x Source Module Off On softkey to On The signal generator will recognize the Agilent mm wave source module switch the leveling mode to external source module power is leveled at the mm wave source module output set the mm wave source module frequency and amplitude to the source module s preset values and display th...

Page 290: ... 133 Using Other Source Modules Use the following procedure to extend the frequency range of the PSG with any external source module or to use the Agilent 8355x series millimeter wave source module s without automatic leveling The following is a list of equipment required for extending the frequency range of the signal generator external millimeter wave source module Agilent 8349B or other microwa...

Page 291: ...Chapter 12 277 Peripheral Devices Millimeter Wave Source Modules Figure 12 23 E8257D PSG without Option 1EA 1EU or 521 Figure 12 24 Setup for E8267D PSG and E8257D PSG with Option 1EA 1EU or 521 ...

Page 292: ...ource Off On softkey to On 4 Press OEM Source Module Config Standard WR Freq Bands WR8 90 140GHz The selections in the Standard WR Freq Bands menu are pre defined frequency ranges and multipliers for the most common external source module frequency ranges They are provided for setup convenience If your source module has a frequency range not listed in the list of pre defined setups use the Min Ban...

Page 293: ...r on the display If it reads RF OFF press RF On Off to toggle the RF output on No RF Output Power when Playing a Waveform File E8267D only Preset the signal generator then replay the waveform file If a header file is not specified for a waveform the signal generator uses a default header file with unspecified settings If you play a waveform file that has unspecified signal generator settings setti...

Page 294: ...yed amplitude value is not the output power level It is the current power output by the signal generator hardware minus the reference value set by the Ampl Ref Set softkey To exit the reference mode follow these steps a Press Amplitude More 1 of 2 b Press Ampl Ref Off On until Off is highlighted You can then reset the output power to the desired level 2 If you are using the signal generator with a...

Page 295: ...ncy this excess energy causes the ALC to reduce the RF output of the signal generator In this example the reverse power across the detector is actually greater than the ALC level which may result in loss of signal at the RF output Figure 13 2 shows a similar configuration with the addition of a 10 dB attenuator connected between the RF output of the signal generator and the input of the mixer The ...

Page 296: ...ss than the ALC bandwidth the LO s reverse power can cause amplitude modulation of the signal generator s RF output The rate of the undesired AM equals the difference in frequency between the spectrum analyzer s LO feedthrough and the RF carrier of the signal generator Reverse power problems can be solved by using one of two unleveled operating modes ALC off or power search Setting ALC Off Mode AL...

Page 297: ...s added attenuator protection A successful power search is dependent on a valid power search reference and the instrument s ability to level at a set power level without modulation There are three power search modes manual automatic and span Manual When Power Search is set to Manual pressing Do Power Search executes the power search calibration routine for the current RF frequency and amplitude In...

Page 298: ...uring ARB RMS the Power Search Reference is set to ARB RMS the I Q modulation is disabled and the I Q modulator is biased with a DC level that is equivalent to the RMS voltage of the modulating signal This selection is typically used with internally generated baseband I Q modulations When the search is complete the 20 10 V1 V2 log Where V1 is the actual waveform RMS voltage V2 is the entered RMS v...

Page 299: ...arch the Power Search Reference is set to Modulated the actual modulating signal is used to provide the AC bias on the I Q modulator Modulated can be used with either internally generated or externally supplied I Q modulation CAUTION Due to the time varying nature of the I Q data a modulated reference search can take longer to settle and be less accurate than the other reference bias types The mod...

Page 300: ...ger Try setting the Point Trigger softkey to Free Run to determine if a missing point trigger is blocking the sweep Is the dwell time appropriate Try setting the dwell time to one second to determine if the dwell time was set to a value which was too slow or too fast for you to see Do you have at least two points in your step sweep or list sweep Cannot Turn Off Sweep Mode Press Sweep List Sweep Of...

Page 301: ...ms Registers With Previously Stored Instrument States are Empty The save recall registers are backed up by a battery when line power to the signal generator is not connected The battery may need to be replaced To verify that the battery has failed 1 Turn off line power to the signal generator 2 Unplug the signal generator from line power 3 Plug in the signal generator 4 Turn on the signal generato...

Page 302: ...ypad press Local Make sure that the signal generator is not in local lockout condition Local lockout prevents front panel operation For more information on local lockout refer to the Agilent Signal Generators Programming Guide Check for a progress bar on the signal generator display which indicates that an operation is in progress Press Preset Cycle power on the signal generator Fail Safe Recovery...

Page 303: ... any repeat occurrences Error Messages If an error condition occurs in the signal generator it is reported to both the front panel display error queue and the SCPI remote interface error queue These two queues are viewed and managed separately for information on the SCPI error queue refer to the Agilent Signal Generators Programming Guide NOTE When there is an unviewed message in the front panel e...

Page 304: ...ill not generate a device specific execution or command error Query Errors 499 to 400 indicate that the instrument s output queue control has detected a problem with the message exchange protocol described in IEEE 488 2 Chapter 6 Errors in this class set the query error bit bit 2 in the event status register IEEE 488 2 section 11 5 1 These errors correspond to message exchange protocol errors desc...

Page 305: ...le violations include a data element that violates device listening formats or whose type is unacceptable to the device or an unrecognized header was received These include incorrect device specific headers and incorrect or unimplemented IEEE 488 2 common commands Contacting Agilent Sales and Service Offices Assistance with test and measurement needs and information on finding a local Agilent offi...

Page 306: ...292 Chapter 13 Troubleshooting Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies packaging to properly protect the signal generator ...

Page 307: ...rs 55 8757D Scalar Network Analyzer 46 49 58 A AC power receptacle 28 ACP 79 164 188 active entry area display 17 adding editing instrument state 64 adjustments display 14 Agilent PSG web page 1 ALC annunciator 17 bandwidth selection 129 limitations amplitude 131 off mode setting 282 with attenuator option 133 ALC hold description 98 saving setting 98 ALC HOLD connector 28 ALC INPUT connector 12 3...

Page 308: ...03 BURST GATE IN connector 24 burst shapes 187 191 bursted signals 130 C carrier bandwidth 95 carrier feedthrough minimizing 226 234 carrier signal modulating 60 carrier to noise ratio 95 CCDF curve 123 124 227 CDMA 130 ceiling function bits per symbol 193 certificate license key 74 circular clipping 123 clipping CCDF curve 123 124 circular 120 123 concepts 117 123 procedure 123 124 rectangular 12...

Page 309: ...ument state register See also memory catalog unframed 112 DATA CLOCK connector 15 33 DATA connector 15 34 data filtering pre or post fir 259 271 data sheets 1 data types 254 DC detector 46 DC offset 153 declassification 65 default FIR filter restoring 164 default navigation data GPS 212 delay external trigger signal 113 Delete Item softkey 39 Delete Row softkey 39 description adding editing instru...

Page 310: ...1 connector 32 EXT 1 INPUT connectors 11 EXT 2 connector 32 EXT 2 INPUT connector 12 extend frequency 59 extend frequency range 59 external data clock setting 191 detector diode response 131 simultaneous triggering pulse source 155 external clock source selection 262 268 external FM 153 external I Q modulation 177 external source module 272 external trigger connection 114 gated setting 114 single ...

Page 311: ...nce 213 configuring external reference clock 217 data modes 212 default navigation data 212 handover word 212 overview 210 satellite ID range 210 sensitivity testing 219 signal generation diagram 211 subframe indicator 213 subframe structures 212 TLM word 212 user files 215 H handover word GPS 212 hardkeys 9 14 hardware configuring 178 191 harmonics below 2 GHz option UNX 149 Help hardkey 11 help ...

Page 312: ...source module using 272 LF OUT connector 34 LF output 156 158 LF OUTPUT connector 12 license key 74 limits clock sample rates logic outputs 240 line power LED 14 line switch 14 list error messages 290 files 61 mode values table editor 38 sweep 47 286 listener mode annunciator 18 Load Store softkey 39 Local hardkey 14 logic type output levels 240 selecting 256 low frequency output See LF output Low...

Page 313: ...erence clock 209 generating a signal 208 RF power level 205 scenario files 202 204 208 signal generation diagram 203 MSK modulation 171 MTONE files 61 multicarrier waveform 159 161 178 multitone 79 multitone mode 8 multitone waveform generator 221 229 N N5102A 239 baseband data 255 clock rates 239 clock settings 260 267 clock source description 243 clock timing 239 246 common frequency reference 2...

Page 314: ... 2 3 5 147 UNT 3 5 8 151 154 156 UNU 3 8 151 154 UNW 3 6 8 151 154 UNY 3 5 Options UNX 147 oscillator reference adjusting BW 147 output levels logic types 240 output power troubleshooting 280 output See LF output and RF output OVEN COLD annunciator 18 over range errors 125 127 overview GPS 210 overwriting memory 70 P Page Down softkey 39 Page Up softkey 39 parallel clock rates 242 data clock timin...

Page 315: ...rker viewing 108 PULSE TRIG GATE INPUT connector 33 Q Q IN connector 34 Q Input connector 15 Q OUT connector 26 QAM modulation 171 194 Q bar OUT connector 27 QPSK I Q modulation creating 173 queue error 289 R R remote annunciator 18 ramp sweep 49 58 real time 79 real time AWGN 237 real time I Q 181 200 real time mode 8 80 real time noise 95 real time triggers 111 rear panel description 20 Recall h...

Page 316: ...caling concepts 125 127 procedure 127 runtime 127 waveform data 127 scenario files MSGPS 202 204 downloading 204 205 playing 208 SCPI 75 secure display 73 secure mode 71 security functions 65 71 security level 71 segment advance triggering 113 116 sensitive data 65 sensitivity testing GPS 219 Seq files 61 sequences building and storing 93 deleting 64 editing 94 instrument state register 63 marker ...

Page 317: ...tch power 14 symbol rates 169 SYMBOL SYNC connector 14 34 SYNC OUT connector 13 T T talker mode annunciator 18 table editor using 38 39 talker mode annunciator 18 TCP IP 75 technical support 1 text display area 19 TLM word GPS 212 trigger hardkey 11 inputs PATTERN TRIG IN 24 setting 49 trigger run 113 trigger in 154 TRIGGER IN connector 31 TRIGGER OUT connector 30 trigger polarity 154 triggers 111...

Page 318: ...79 custom real time I Q baseband 181 200 DAC over range errors 125 127 file catalogs 61 interpolation 125 126 markers 96 multicarrier 159 161 178 multitone 221 229 player dual ARB 91 96 samples 125 126 scaling 125 127 segments 92 96 sequences 93 95 106 statistics 123 124 triggering 111 two tone 231 236 utilities 123 124 web server 75 website 1 wfm1 91 WFM1 files 61 WIDEBAND I INPUT connectors 26 w...

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