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Perform a measuring campaign

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6.4 Estimate the initial water content

To get a somewhat realistic display of the pF/WC characteristic
during the campaign it is necessary to estimate the water content at
the beginning of a measurement.
After the campaign, the initial water content is determined precisely
by oven drying and weighing the sample and calculating the
volumetric value. This actual water content is then used for the
calculations.

To estimate the water content before a measurement weigh the
complete and saturated HYPROP assembly. The software will
withdraw the tare weight of sensor unit and sampling ring.
The difference is the sum of soil matter and water. The density of soil
and water as well as the volume are known values with which the
water content can approximately be calculated. The result is only
approximate as not all pores are filled with water and densities vary.

Assuming that all pores are water filled the porosity



is equal to the

saturated water content



s.

The software then will calculate the

saturated water content as follows:

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Содержание HYPROP

Страница 1: ...User Manual UMS GmbH M nchen Art no HYPROP Version 01 2010 Author an tk mn H HY YP PR RO OP P...

Страница 2: ...samples 17 4 1 2 Saturate the samples 17 4 2 Filling 18 4 2 1 Important cautions 18 4 2 2 Introduction 20 4 2 3 Refilling with the HYPROP service kit 20 4 2 3 1 Degassing the ceramic tip and tensiomet...

Страница 3: ...el device mode 58 6 6 6 1 Multiplexed devices mode 59 6 6 7 Interrupt a measuring campaign 60 6 6 8 End of a measuring campaign 61 6 6 9 Removal of the soil sample 61 6 6 10 Estimate the soil dry weig...

Страница 4: ...fect 77 11 Appendix 78 11 1 Parameter list 78 11 1 1 Input 78 11 1 2 Output 79 11 1 3 Parameter listing and describtion of the csv table 80 11 2 Technical specifications 81 11 2 1 Wiring configuration...

Страница 5: ...s purpose only Please be aware of the following warnings High pressure The maximum non destructive pressure is 300 kPa 3 bar 3000 hPa Higher pressure which might occur for example during insertion in...

Страница 6: ...cl refilling tools syringes sensor unit filling attachment etc distilled water auger kit all in blue case 35 x 30 x 8 cm Perforated saturation attachment 6 pcs filter fabric 15 cm x 15 cm tensioVIEW s...

Страница 7: ...good success with your projects Yours Georg von Unold 1 4 Expression of thanks Dr Uwe Schindler was able to considerably simplify the evaporation method by WIND by analyzing the evaporation process an...

Страница 8: ...thod for Determining Soil Hydraulic Properties Journal of Hydrology under review 2 Peters A and W Durner 2007 Optimierung eines einfachen Verdunstungsverfahrens zur Bestimmung bodenhydraulischer Eigen...

Страница 9: ...s an extraordinary high tech soil laboratory system 1 5 Intended use The intended use of the HYPROP system is the measurement and determination of water retention characteristics and unsaturated hydra...

Страница 10: ...s 2 4 Optionally select units and intervals 2 5 Optionally enter initial water content or select automatically 2 6 Select model and soil type 3 Execute the measurement campaign 3 1 Start the measureme...

Страница 11: ...PC via the serial tensioLINK bus In intervals each sensor unit with sampling ring is weighed on a laboratory scale The scale must have either a RS232 or USB interface and the scale type must be implem...

Страница 12: ...differentially against atmosphere Screw in thread for the shafts with pressure transducer beneath Fastener clip Silicone gasket Sampling ring Sensor unit Tensiometer shaft for lower level incl cerami...

Страница 13: ...ned inside the soil sample There is one short and one long shaft to pick up the tension at two depths The Tensiometer shafts are screwed into the transducer openings in the sensor unit Standard sampli...

Страница 14: ...t 10 C 3 2 5 Plug connector 3 2 5 Plug connector The bus cable is connected to the plug on the side of the sensor unit As the plug is taken on and off regularly during a measuring campaign an easy goi...

Страница 15: ...twork The network is connected to a PC with the tensioLINK USB converter The Windows software tensioVIEW is used for configuration of the devices and to visualize data The software automatically recog...

Страница 16: ...are a HYPROP unit before a measuring campaign Sampling ring volume 250 ml Perforated saturation attachment A dish or bowl with minimum rim height 7 cm Mesh fabric 15 cm x 15 cm Auger positioning tool...

Страница 17: ...ortation In general a minimum of 5 to 10 samples per soil level are taken to determine the bulk density and the retention curve Weights of the sampling rings might vary Therefore it is essential that...

Страница 18: ...handling can cause irreversible damage Read the chapter about refilling in this manual first Be extremely cautious when screwing in the filled Tensiometer cups The pressure inside the cup will rise a...

Страница 19: ...e pressure transducer Do not pull off the tube rapidly Allow the pressure to be released through the end of the tube or pull off the tube slowly so the pressure inside the refilling adaptor will rise...

Страница 20: ...uch the tip with your fingers Grease sweat or soap residues will influence the ceramic s hydrophilic performance The HYPROP service kit or a vacuum system and a PC Laptop with tensioVIEW software are...

Страница 21: ...syringes with red O ring at tip 3 1 vacuum syringe with acrylic attachment 4 1 droplet syringe 5 Sampling ring with 2 plastic caps 6 Tensiometer auger 7 Tube 8 connecting acrylic attachment and vacuum...

Страница 22: ...e empty shaft in a beaker with de ionized or distilled water and leave it overnight Tensiometer shafts should never be filled from the inside To avoid that air is trapped inside the ceramic the water...

Страница 23: ...and dissolved gas is released Rotate the still evacuated syringe to collect all bubbles from the wall of the syringe 3 Hold the syringe upright and slide in the piston Unblock the tube and push out a...

Страница 24: ...Remove all air from the syringe Fig 16 3 Put the tube with shaft back on the reservoir syringe Fig 17 Please take care that no bubbles are in front of the ceramic 4 Now take the vacuum syringe with t...

Страница 25: ...water to flow into the shaft 8 Carefully remove the tube from the syringe nozzle and push out all air from the syringe There should be no air inside the tube before inserting the shaft again Fig 21 In...

Страница 26: ...lic sensor head attachment onto the sensor head The sensor head should sit firmly on the O Ring Do not attach the tube yet 3 Fill up the acrylic attachment with deionised water using the droplet syrin...

Страница 27: ...tube and draw the syringe up again until the spacers snap in The water now is being degassed We recommend controlling the quality of the vacuum by observing the refilling window in tensioVIEW Fig 24 L...

Страница 28: ...sket 1 Securely hold the vacuum syringe Bear in mind there is still a vacuum inside Press in the spacers and slowly release the piston 2 To remove the last remaining bubbles draw up the syringe once m...

Страница 29: ...scus is convex Fig 27 Fig 27 7 Connect the sensor unit with adapter cable and USB converter to your PC and start tensioVIEW Click on Refilling to open the Refilling window Fig 28 Fig 28 8 Carefully sc...

Страница 30: ...Get ready to start a measuring campaign 30 92 Fig 29...

Страница 31: ...e shafts Connect the tubes to a vacuum bottle and the vacuum bottle to the pump Attach the acrylic filling attachment s to the sensor unit without the tube Use the droplet syringe to fill up the attac...

Страница 32: ...a bottle filled with water and hold the ceramic tip into the headspace of the bottle When you move the ceramic away from the water surface the air gets dryer and the suction rises Hold the ceramic clo...

Страница 33: ...own in the picture Fig 31 the deeper hole is Then you know the correct position when placing the sample on the sensor unit Fig 32 3 The sample now is ready for attaching the sensor unit 2 Insert the a...

Страница 34: ...uration the overlapping soil must be cut off before attaching the sensor unit 1 On the sensor unit push an O ring 1 over each of the shafts 2 to the very bottom The rings will keep out dirt once the T...

Страница 35: ...re you can start the campaign the sample needs to be over saturated again To do so carefully drip some water onto the soil surface This is required to create even starting conditions 6 Finally wipe of...

Страница 36: ...at the same time with the supplied bus cables and distributors For this you require The prepared HYPROP assembly HYPROP connection cable Adapter cable tensioLINK USB converter 9 VDC mains power unit...

Страница 37: ...ply of the USB converter is capable of powering a single sensor unit As soon as 2 or more sensor units are connected the USB power supply is not sufficient Therefore the main power supply unit should...

Страница 38: ...s Kern EG2200 recommended Kern EW3000 Kern 572 CHYO MK2000B Mettler Toledo SICS Mettler Toledo PM2000 COBOS COBOS CB Complet If the scale has a serial RS232 interface connect it to a free COM port on...

Страница 39: ...ces If one or more sensors are connected via the USB converter they can be found by pressing the magnifying glass button tensioVIEW offers two options for searching 5 2 1 2 Single device mode tensioVI...

Страница 40: ...ions and functions of this device are displayed Depending on the type different registries are available The first shows an overview of the current settings and information about address number or err...

Страница 41: ...ters that can be edited are shown To store a changed parameter in the device it has to be sent to the device by pressing the Upload button A message confirming the successful configuration will be dis...

Страница 42: ...Furthermore the sub address could be used to combine groups of sensors for example of one measuring site In general the required identification for a device is always the bus number If more than 32 de...

Страница 43: ...ll Sensor measuring Continuous measuring Activate the quick updating of readings to receive the HYPROP readings instantly for example during a refilling procedure Measurements are taken in intervals o...

Страница 44: ...d Tensiometer shafts strictly recommended When the Tensiometer shafts are screwed back into the sensor unit the pressure reading must be checked at any time to avoid that excess pressure destroys the...

Страница 45: ...is window you can display current values of the Tension Bottom Tension top and Temperature depending on the Parameter Interval 5 2 5 Stored readings In this window you can download stored readings and...

Страница 46: ...ifications no automatic search is implemented in the program Only scales supplied by UMS are pre set There are two ways to add a new scale 1 Click the right mouse button on HYPROP in the parent direct...

Страница 47: ...en click on the Measure Button If a connection is established zero is displayed for both status and reading Click OK to select the scale Now the new device is shown in the explorer window Fig 44 tensi...

Страница 48: ...t that the cable is not moved during a measurement campaign Securely fix the cable as even a breeze can move a dangling cable causing variance in the measurement Avoid leaving water drops on the faste...

Страница 49: ...nt 5 During a single mode measurement we strictly recommend to fix the cable of the sensor unit 6 The scale must be levelled out Most scales have a bubble level 7 Set the energy manager of your laptop...

Страница 50: ...ampaign 6 2 Measuring campaign window There are two ways to open the measuring campaign window 1 In the menu bar select Tools HYPROP Measuring campaign 2 Click this button Fig 46 tensioVIEW measuring...

Страница 51: ...the samples fig below Select Single device mode if the campaign only includes one assembly Higher frequency means a measuring interval of 1 minute at the beginning of the measurement In the units men...

Страница 52: ...lated not till the starting point is scrolled and affixed 2 Soil dry weight fixed The soil s dry weight dried at 105 C has been determined by weighing This can only be done after the measurement Enter...

Страница 53: ...r 2007 1 van Genuchten 2 van Genuchten bimodal 3 Brooks Corey Parameter Select in the menu Model Click on to set up the model parameters Example for the model parameter according to van Genuchten The...

Страница 54: ...e calculations To estimate the water content before a measurement weigh the complete and saturated HYPROP assembly The software will withdraw the tare weight of sensor unit and sampling ring The diffe...

Страница 55: ...fault setting is the automatic mode The correction values are preset and are 3 75 hPa for the upper Tensiometer and 1 25 hPa for the lower Tensiometer This means at even starting conditions sample ove...

Страница 56: ...ace each unit on the scale according to the measuring cycle Measuring time the selected measuring time is also the weighing interval you set the time separately 6 6 2 Start of a measuring campaign Cli...

Страница 57: ...Current status of the measurement In the left upper window Current status the current readings are displayed Anytime you can stop the campaign change the interval or restart the campaign The logging i...

Страница 58: ...iguration window Set up the parameters as described in the previous chapters In the single device mode only one measuring interval is entered which is used for both tension and temperature measurement...

Страница 59: ...measurements for example 10 minutes The interval for weighing can be different than the one for tension measurement As the weight of the sample changes slowly it is recommendable to choose a larger i...

Страница 60: ...screen showing information about the status and the routine of the weighing Follow the given instructions fig 49 Fig 49 tensioVIEW weighing assistant 6 6 7 Interrupt a measuring campaign A measuremen...

Страница 61: ...eadings as the graph will have a steep rise followed by a flat plateau or a strong drop to 85 kPa 6 6 9 Remove the soil sample 1 Hold the whole assembly over a bowl or dish to assure that no soil mate...

Страница 62: ...and appropriate start and stop points are set Pull the start and stop line to the proper position with the cursor Start the tension values are constantly horizontal for a certain time period in the sa...

Страница 63: ...point is around 800 kPa the imaginary continuation of the incline of the light blue line until the point where it drops to zero It is clear that the lower Tensiometer dark blue line takes longer 6 8...

Страница 64: ...tered This is very important for the correct calculation Chapter Estimate the soil dry weight 6 9 Export readings and calculations To export recorded readings diagrams and calculations select the menu...

Страница 65: ...t _Tension pgn Chart for tension readings _Tension csv Table for tension readings _Retension pgn Chart of retention curve _Conductivity pgn Chart of conductivity _STATVEC csv Some statistical values 7...

Страница 66: ...erform a measuring campaign 66 92 6 10 Typical results for different soil Typical results for different soils after data export Fig 52 pF WC curves kindly supported by Dr Uwe Schindler ZALF M ncheberg...

Страница 67: ...erly screwed onto the pressure body and the O ring is not tight Reassemble the shaft 4 The Tensiometer shows readings beyond vacuum 100 kPa This is no error but a particular feature of the miniature T...

Страница 68: ...8 At the beginning the lower Tensiometer surpasses the upper one which would indicate a negative conductivity This is caused by inaccuracy of the sensors Execute the Zero offset to compensate the wat...

Страница 69: ...If the tips are moist both readings should be around 0 hPa between 5 and 5 hPa If you have not done the zero set compensation of water column the values are higher due to the shaft length Check the Re...

Страница 70: ...he readings are stable The readings should be between 0 2 kPa and 0 2 kPa If the readings are beyond this range a re calibration might be necessary 8 3 Cleaning The sensor unit is rated IP65 and can b...

Страница 71: ...mined by oven drying the sample at 105 C for 24 hours With these values the retention curve and the unsaturated conductivity is extrapolated 9 2 Discrete data for retention and conductivity relation A...

Страница 72: ...erence of the water tension between both Tensiometers whereas 1 2 z z z is the distance between both Tensiometers in cm Unreliable data sets close to saturation are filtered depending to the measuring...

Страница 73: ...e the fitting parameters for the retention function Furthermore the tortuosity parameter and the saturated conductivity are fitted to get the conductivity function s K 9 3 2 The bimodal van Genuchten...

Страница 74: ...i e h K and n at van Genuchten Mualem influence the shape of both functions The adaption is accomplished by a non linear regression under minimization of the sum of all assessed squares of the distanc...

Страница 75: ...00 kPa and at 20 C the water will start to boil or vaporize as soon as the pressure drops below 2 3 kPa against vacuum i e 97 7 kPa pressure difference to an atmospheric pressure of 100 kPa the Tensio...

Страница 76: ...bubble free filling Some Tensiometer cups can go down to 250 kPa before they run dry occasionally even a range of 450 kPa is achievable As this is exceptional there is no guarantee for this measuring...

Страница 77: ...r tension Temperature in C 4 10 16 20 25 30 50 70 Pressure change per Kelvin in hPa 0 6 0 9 1 2 1 5 1 9 2 5 7 2 14 10 3 Osmotic effect The ceramic has a pore size of r 0 3 m and therefore cannot block...

Страница 78: ...d NDEG INTEGER If INTERPOL 0 then order of the polynomial Measuring inaccuracy h cm FLOAT Measuring error of the potential standard deviation w g FLOAT Measuring error of the weight standard deviation...

Страница 79: ...Control parameters for Levenberg Marquardt algorithm Control parameters for SCEUA algorithm and LM Floatpar should NOT show up These are special parameters for setting the optimization algorithm 11 1...

Страница 80: ...meter Temp hPa kPa Temperature _STATVEC csv RMSETH Root mean squared error of the function of Retentionscurve RMSELOGK Root mean squared error of the function of conductivity curve _PARVEC csv Fitting...

Страница 81: ...kPa 300 kPa electronically 85 kPa 300 kPa physical Water tension 85 450 kPa 0 kPa depends on refilling quality Temperature 30 C 70 C Accuracy Pressure Temperature 1 5 hPa d 0 05 hPa 0 2 K 10 30 C d 0...

Страница 82: ...ply 7 10 VDC GND 2 Supply minus n c 3 n c 4 n c 5 RS485 A 6 RS485 A twin RS485 B 7 RS485 B twin n c 8 8 pin female plug Connection cable USB Converter T junction Signal Pin Function Vout 1 Supply 6 10...

Страница 83: ...a sampling ring is not included please order separately SZ250 Soil sampling ring vol 250 ml stainless steel outer diam 84 mm inner diam 80 mm height 50 mm incl 2 caps HYPROP TK Tensiometer shaft set p...

Страница 84: ...meter ranges 2 93 851 85 1 0 085 0 85 12 345 3 1 000 100 0 1 1 14 504 99 9261 4 10 000 1 000 1 10 145 04 99 2638 Permanent wilting point 4 18 15 136 1 513 1 5 15 219 52 98 8977 5 100 000 10 000 10 1 0...

Страница 85: ...our Res 42 W11401 doi 10 1029 2006WR004952 Peters A and W Durner 2007 Optimierung eines einfachen Verdunstungsverfahrens zur Bestimmung boden hydraulischer Eigenschaften Mitteilungen der Deutschen Bod...

Страница 86: ...r holes 33 Fig 34 36 Assemble sensor unit and sampling ring 34 35 Fig 37 tensioLINK T connector piece 36 Fig 38 Sensor unit 37 Fig 39 Scale 38 Fig 40 tensioVIEW menu 40 Fig 41 Device info 41 Fig 42 te...

Страница 87: ...ceramic cup and shaft 22 Degas the sensor head 26 degassed 20 de ionised 20 deionised or distilled water 22 67 Destructive pressure 5 Devices 51 droplet syringe 26 drying the sample 71 Durner 8 73 E E...

Страница 88: ...ragm 13 sensor diaphragm 28 short groove 29 SHYPFIT 2 0 8 soil samples 17 Soil type 52 soil water pressure 5 soil water tension 5 12 13 stainless steel sampling ring 15 starting conditions 48 surplus...

Страница 89: ...Index 89 92...

Страница 90: ...Index 90 92...

Страница 91: ...Index 91 92...

Страница 92: ...9 89 126652 19 Email tk ums muc de UMS GmbH Ph 49 89 126652 0 D 81379 M nchen Gmunderstr 37 Fax 49 89 126652 20 email info ums muc de Strictly observe rules for disposal of equipment containing electr...

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