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Reference

RFA300A Measurement Set 8VSB

3- 3

S/N, EVM, and Pilot Amplitude Error

This section provides a brief overview of the Signal-to-Noise, Error Vector
Measurement, and Pilot Amplitude Measurement window. For more in-depth
information, refer to the online help.

The S/N, EVM, and Pilot Amplitude Error measurement window provides an
overview of the transmitter’s 8VSB signal quality. Signal-to-Noise (S/N), Error
Vector Magnitude (EVM), and Complex Modulation Error Ratio (MER) are
similar measurements. The calculations for each are slight deviations from each
other. Refer to S/N, EVM, and Complex MER calculations in the online help.

Figure 3--3 shows the measurement window with the constellation display. The
window contains the following areas:

H

A listing of measurement results.

H

Two display graphics: constellation and eye diagram.

H

A control for turning equalization on and off. Equalization removes linear
distortions from the measurements. This allows you to distinguish among
causes of poor signal quality.

H

A control for subtracting the pilot amplitude from the horizontal axis.

Results listing

Controls

RFA300A -- Signal / Noise & EVM

Figure 3- 3: S/N, EVM, and Pilot Amplitude measurement window

The S/N measurement provides a broad measure of impairments in the trans-
mitted signal. S/N is the power ratio between the ideal received signal and the
difference between the ideal and actual received signal as measured along the
real axis during symbol times only. A comparison is made between the deviation

S/N

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Содержание RFA300A

Страница 1: ...User Manual RFA300A Measurement Set 8VSB 071 0697 01 www tektronix com...

Страница 2: ...and foreign patents issued and pending Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material Specifications and price change privileges reserved Tektronix Inc P O Box 50...

Страница 3: ...tions This warranty shall not apply to any defect failure or damage caused by improper use or improper or inadequate maintenance and care Tektronix shall not be obligated to furnish service under this...

Страница 4: ......

Страница 5: ...1 16 Keyboard and Mouse Connections 1 16 Powering On and Off 1 17 Selecting RF Input Channel and Channel Frequency 1 18 Incoming Inspection 1 20 Operating Basics Operating Basics 2 1 Front Panel 2 1 H...

Страница 6: ...stics A 13 Environmental Characteristics A 14 Electromagnetic Compatibility A 16 Mechanical Physical Characteristics A 18 Appendix B User Service B 1 General Care B 1 Preventive Maintenance B 1 In Cas...

Страница 7: ...Transmitter connection 1 14 Figure 1 10 Rear view 1 15 Figure 1 11 Keyboard and mouse connections 1 16 Figure 1 12 On Standby switch 1 17 Figure 1 13 System setup 1 19 Figure 2 1 Front panel 2 1 Figur...

Страница 8: ...block diagram 3 14 Figure 3 15 Data interleaving 3 15 Figure 3 16 Data segment sync 3 16 Figure 3 17 Frame synchronizing segment 3 17 Figure A 1 IF filter characteristics A 3 Figure A 2 8VSB transmit...

Страница 9: ...pecifications A 2 Table A 2 Measurement specifications A 4 Table A 3 System components A 9 Table A 4 Front panel interface characteristics A 10 Table A 5 Rear panel interface characteristics A 11 Tabl...

Страница 10: ...Table of Contents vi RFA300A Measurement Set 8VSB...

Страница 11: ...ounded Observe All Terminal Ratings To avoid fire or shock hazard observe all ratings and markings on the product Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections t...

Страница 12: ...uld result in damage to this product or other property Terms on the Product These terms may appear on the product DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking WARNI...

Страница 13: ...nd electrical properties of the instrument H Appendix B User Service Provides user service information including general care preventive maintenance troubleshooting and repackaging H Appendix C Softwa...

Страница 14: ...les support 1 800 833 9200 select option 1 Service support 1 800 833 9200 select option 2 Technical support Email techsupport tektronix com 1 800 833 9200 select option 3 6 00 a m 5 00 p m Pacific tim...

Страница 15: ...levision Standard Signals are acquired at the transmitter and the measurements consist of the following H Complex Modulation Error Ratio H Signal to Noise Ratio H Error Vector Magnitude H Pilot Amplit...

Страница 16: ...VSB Measurement Set front panel The measurement set uses the Microsoft Windows NT operating system The Home window is the point of entry into the program Access each measurement from the Home window b...

Страница 17: ...00A Measurement Set 8VSB 1 3 RFA300A Home Figure 1 2 Home window Refer to the next chapters Operating Basics and Reference for an overview on operating the measurement set For detail information refer...

Страница 18: ...onix three button mouse 1 119 4330 XX Standard IEC power cord 125 V 1 161 0104 00 Front protective cover 1 200 4408 XX 10 dB Attenuator 1 119 6328 00 Rackmount slides hardware kit 1 Table 1 2 Optional...

Страница 19: ...ify that you have the correct power cord for your geographical area H Verify that you have the CD that contains a backup copy of the installed software Store the CD in a safe location where you can ea...

Страница 20: ...d power cord Refer to Figure 1 10 and connect the power cord to the instrument Refer to Table 1 3 for the supply voltage rating and connect the other end of the power cord to the proper source Do not...

Страница 21: ...ront and rear rails of the equipment rack using method A or method B Refer to Figure 1 3 H Method A If the extension bracket is to be mounted against the front edge of the rear rail in the equipment r...

Страница 22: ...Right hand and left hand stationary sections are designated by the RH and the LH marked on the rails Stop latch holes should be towards the bottom when slides are in place The right hand rail is show...

Страница 23: ...s the front rail holes selected If the rear rail mounting holes are tapped the bar nut is not used to attach the extensions If the rear rail mounting holes are not tapped use the bar nut on the inside...

Страница 24: ...bar nuts Refer to Figure 1 6 10 32 PNH screws Bar nut use if front rail is not tapped Front rail Figure 1 6 Mounting the stationary section to the front rail of the equipment rack 4 Tighten the screws...

Страница 25: ...ch slide out track to the fully extended position Refer to Figure 1 8 2 Insert the tracks of the rack adapter into the slide out intermediate sections 3 Press both stop latch releases and push the rac...

Страница 26: ...entered in the rack c Tighten the mounting screws The optional portable cabinet allows you to operate the instrument on a bench or cart If you operate the instrument while it rests on the rear feet ma...

Страница 27: ...n NOTE You cannot reinstall software without a startup disk To create a startup disk do the following 1 Open My Computer Control Panel and double click on Add Remove Programs 2 Select the Startup Disk...

Страница 28: ...WR 1 065 High quality cable and connectors are required to meet the listed requirements The connectors should be precision grade at both ends of the cable The best cable type is dependent on the run l...

Страница 29: ...ent set must be within the following ranges 1 mW and 1 W without the external 10 dB attenuator 10 mW and less 2 W with the external 10 dB attenuator installed RS 232 COM port 1 RF connections Power Al...

Страница 30: ...interconnection ports for peripheral devices and networking Pin assignments for the rear panel and side panel connectors are listed in Table A 4 and Table A 5 in Appendix A Specifications Keyboard and...

Страница 31: ...h Figure 1 12 On Standby switch 2 Wait for the instrument to complete power on self tests The screen displays an Enter Windows Password dialog box prompting you for a logon name and password However i...

Страница 32: ...t the instrument The measurement set performs an internal calibration as part of the power on procedure This ensures the optimum measurement accuracy of the instrument Selecting RF Input Channel and C...

Страница 33: ...a time 7 Enter the desired frequency NOTE The frequency is the pilot frequency not channel center Refer to Selecting channel frequency in the online help 8 Click Apply and then click the Input Signal...

Страница 34: ...lure does not occur If a failure does occur contact Tektronix using the information provided in the Preface of this manual or click on Support located under the Help menu Perform the procedure on page...

Страница 35: ...ons critical to operating the instrument or for basic Windows tasks are available via the front panel To enter letters of the alphabet or special characters use the soft keyboard feature refer to Ente...

Страница 36: ...state Menu application key Button Same as mouse button two Help Button Opens the Help contents Standard F1 key Print Screen Button Copies the screen to the clipboard Alt plus Print Screen copies the a...

Страница 37: ...the object You can use the soft keyboard with any application To display the soft key board select My T Soft from the Program menu click the keyboard icon in the System Setup menu or click a keyboard...

Страница 38: ...on A measurement begins to run immediately when the window opens Figure 2 2 shows the Home window Refer to the Reference chapter for an overview of each measurement window RFA300A Home Figure 2 2 Home...

Страница 39: ...r the instrument and measurements Smoothing Selection Selects the degree for reducing the variations of the waveform and results Smoothing is accomplished differently for each type of measurement Refe...

Страница 40: ...lines against which you can compare waveforms After selecting your channel frequency and checking input signal power you can edit caution and alarm limits The instrument compares each new result again...

Страница 41: ...you open a measurement window notice that the measurement runs and provides results soon after the window opens To stop the measurement press the Stop button located in the toolbar To restart press th...

Страница 42: ...o select not to be notified 7 If you selected to be notified in step 6 select the notification action NOTE Before you can set up Email notification you must install a Messaging Application Program Int...

Страница 43: ...lable through the Help menu and through Help buttons in dialog boxes From the Help menu click Help Topics and locate the topic using the Contents or Index tab The Index tab is easier to use As you ent...

Страница 44: ...ity and software version differences from last release To access the Release Notes go to the Windows NT taskbar and click Start or press the front panel START key The Release Notes are at the top of t...

Страница 45: ...set performs the measurement by calculating the power of the signal that passed through an 30 kHz filter before being digitized The measured values are adjusted to an equivalent 500 kHz noise bandwidt...

Страница 46: ...ask testing and select a mask for the measurement window The setup dialog box contains the control for turning masks on and off plus a list of available masks You can create your own mask and place it...

Страница 47: ...rement window with the constellation display The window contains the following areas H A listing of measurement results H Two display graphics constellation and eye diagram H A control for turning equ...

Страница 48: ...ise This section provides a brief overview of the Phase Noise measurement window For more in depth information refer to the online help This measurement window measures the random low frequency phase...

Страница 49: ...lbar to enable and select a mask for the measurement window The setup dialog box contains the control for turning masks on and off plus a list of available masks You can create your own mask and place...

Страница 50: ...measurements by deriving the amplitude and time delay response of the channel from the equalizer tap coefficients Frequency response and group delay are calculated relative to the pilot frequency or t...

Страница 51: ...window In addition the setup has a reference point selection for the measurements either channel center or the pilot The setup contains the control for turning masks on and off plus a list of availabl...

Страница 52: ...measurement by calculating ideal signal magnitude and phase from the received I Q signal and comparing it with the actual signal The Amplitude and Phase Errors measurement window is shown in Figure 3...

Страница 53: ...nd select masks for the measure ment window The Setup dialog box contains controls for turning masks on and off and selections for using different masks You can create your own mask and place it into...

Страница 54: ...ignal is greater than the average amplitude This measurement and the ideal are both plotted on the Peak to Average graph The Peak to Average and Channel Spectrum measurement window is shown in Figure...

Страница 55: ...k the Setup button in the toolbar to select the target operating point method for the measurement window You can select in dB or percentage of time Figure 3 11 shows the Peak to Average Setup Figure 3...

Страница 56: ...e of the other measurements in one window while the instrument is unattended You can enter the setup for each measurement in each measurement s Setup dialog box Set all cautions and alarms in the Limi...

Страница 57: ...tabase file H When and how to be notified of caution alarm and error conditions Choices of how to be notified include sound saving results email and by activation of an external device see Figure 1 10...

Страница 58: ...exciter block diagram To use the 6 MHz channel space with maximum efficiency the 8VSB bit stream must be randomized with a pseudo random bitstream This ensures a flat noise like spectrum and reduces i...

Страница 59: ...193 s noise burst A Trellis Encoder is another Forward Error Correction method However where as the RS encoder dealt with the entire data packet as a block the Trellis encoder affects the stream of bi...

Страница 60: ...his makes each 8VSB data segment 832 symbols long as shown in Fig ure 3 16 The Segment sync has two roles it replaces the sync byte that was removed before the RS encoding and it increases the signal...

Страница 61: ...nals for the receiver equalizer It consists of the following H Four byte segment sync H Five hundred and eleven reference symbols that the receiver uses for adjusting long equalizer taps H Three sets...

Страница 62: ...erview of the closed loop feedback system that can be used to control a transmitter exciter to maintain the signal within required transmitting parameters A correction processor is either a closed loo...

Страница 63: ...are provided for your convenience but are not guaranteed Specifications marked with the n symbol are checked in the Performance Verification Procedures refer to the RFA300A Measurement Set 8VSB Servi...

Страница 64: ...ude power input beginning at 0 2 W 23 dBm The variable attenuator of the input circuitry has enough range to handle up to 1 W at the input connector With external 10 dB attenuator 10 mW to 2 W 10 dBm...

Страница 65: ...0 F FPilot FSymbol 4 FPilot FSymbol 4 F FPilot FSymbol 4 FPilot FSymbol 4 F FPilot FSymbol 2 1 2 FPilot FSymbol 2 1 2 F FPilot FSymbol 2 1 2 FPilot FSymbol 2 1 2 F Where FSymbol 1539 715 5 x 106 10 7...

Страница 66: ...distortion products Data is taken only from the I channel that is the real axis in phase with the pilot at each symbol time S N 20 log N j 1 I 2 j N j 1 I 2 j Where S N Signal to Noise Power Ratio in...

Страница 67: ...its ideal value EVM is often expressed as a percent Error Vector Magnitude EVM is defined by the following formula EVMRMS 1 N N j 1 I 2 j Smax 2 x 100 EVMRMS Error Vector Magnitude Ij The error in th...

Страница 68: ...ignal power computations similar to EVM MER is defined by the following formula MER 20log N j 1 I 2 j Q 2 j N j 1 I 2 j Q 2 j MER Modulation error ratio Ij and Qj Ideal I channel and Q channel symbols...

Страница 69: ...s measurement method nOut of Channel Accuracy 2 dB over a range of 12 MHz with respect to the edges of the channel in use Upper Lower Channel Power Accuracy 3 dB Shows the integrated power present in...

Страница 70: ...90 dBDTV 80 dBDTV 70 dBDTV 60 dBDTV 50 dBDTV 40 dBDTV 30 dBDTV 20 dBDTV 10 dBDTV 0 dBDTV Lower adjacent channel N 1 dBDTV is dB as defined by the FCC s measurement method The reference amplitude is t...

Страница 71: ...years BIOS DTI BIOS field upgradable Bus 32 bit PCI Expansion Slots 8 PCI slots Graphics 640 480 VGA resolution with up to 16 million colors Non volatile Storage Floppy Disk drive 3 5 inch PC compati...

Страница 72: ...in assignments 1 data 4 5V 2 NC 5 clock 3 ground 6 NC Keyboard Port PS2 compatible keyboard port using a mini DIN connector Pin assignments 1 data 4 5V 2 NC 5 clock 3 ground 6 NC USB Port Series A USB...

Страница 73: ...ional Parallel Peripheral Interface for Personal Computers 1284 1994 IEEE Pin assignments for compatible mode 1 SRTB 14 AUTOFEED 2 DATA0 15 ERR 3 DATA1 16 INIT 4 DATA2 17 SELIN 5 DATA3 18 GND 6 DATA4...

Страница 74: ...VGA mode must be selected for this SVGA output port Pin assignments 1 Red 9 key 2 Green 10 GND 3 Blue 11 NC 4 NC 12 NC 5 GND 13 HSYNC 6 AGND 14 VSYNC 7 AGND 15 NC 8 AGND Ethernet Port 10 Base T 100 B...

Страница 75: ...Range for the line voltage needed to power the measurement set to meet performance requirements 90 VAC to 250 VAC RMS 47 Hz to 63 Hz continuous range CAT II Fuse Rating 10 A Fast 250 V Maximum Power C...

Страница 76: ...1524 m altitude Operating without damage 5 C to 50 C 32 F to 122 F 30 C 54 F hr max gradient non condensing derated 1 C per 1 000 ft or 305 m above 5 000 ft or 1524 m altitude With a floppy diskette m...

Страница 77: ...inutes each axis 3 axes 30 minutes total Functional Shock Non Operating Half sine 20 g s 11ms duration 3 drops each side 18 shocks total no media in floppy disk drive Table A 9 Transportation Characte...

Страница 78: ...47 Part 15 Subpart B Class A Limits 1 EC Declaration of Conformity Low Voltage Compliance was demonstrated to the following specification as listed in the Official Journal of the European Union Low Vo...

Страница 79: ...expected This location is a typical office home environment Temporary condensation occurs only when the product is out of service Pollution Degree 3 Conductive pollution or dry nonconductive pollution...

Страница 80: ...bench lab based applications Overall Dimensions Height without feet 8 9 inches 22 5 cm Width 16 75 inches 42 5 cm Depth 21 5 inches 55 0 cm Weight RFA300A 33 lb 15 0 kg without accessories Shipping We...

Страница 81: ...uids or solvents Preventive Maintenance Check the electrical performance and the instrument accuracy certified cali brated once a year Preventive maintenance mainly consists of periodic cleaning Perio...

Страница 82: ...Clean the face of the display using a soft cloth dampened with deionized water The compact disc CD drive requires routine maintenance to operate at maximum efficiency The CDs can be damaged if dirt a...

Страница 83: ...or hardware within the instru ment For additional help on diagnostics contact your local Tektronix represen tative The following diagnostic tools are available with your measurement set H Power on di...

Страница 84: ...ailure contact your local Tektronix service center Instrument powers on but does not complete the power on sequence Check for and remove any disk in the floppy disk drive make sure instrument boots fr...

Страница 85: ...aring to ship your instrument to another location it is important to inspect your existing packaging materials for condition missing components and vintage H If the condition of your existing packagin...

Страница 86: ...he packaging material shown in Figure B 1 Each packaging component in the illustration has an index number which corresponds to reference numbers in the packaging procedure 1 2 3 4 Note The keyboard m...

Страница 87: ...nstrument 3 Place the instrument in the protective bag The bag prevents dust moisture or other debris from entering the cabinet 4 Fold the top of the bag neatly over the top of the instrument to make...

Страница 88: ...When the instrument is shipped it is important to package it well to protect the instrument Figure B 2 shows how to repackage the instrument for shipment using the old packaging materials It is not ne...

Страница 89: ...attach a tag to the instrument showing the following H Owner s name and address H Instrument serial number H Description of the problem s encountered and or service required 2 If you have the original...

Страница 90: ...of the box The protective front cover on the bezel of the instrument is not covered by the top spacer pad 8 Close and tape the inner shipping box 3 9 Place one of the support inserts 4 in the bottom o...

Страница 91: ...Media CD ROM which was shipped with the RFA300A Measurement Set 8VSB Installation should only be performed by a qualified technician who is familiar with installing drivers and configuring for networ...

Страница 92: ...and Network TCP IP printing service H ES1869 Sound Driver H Chip and Technology 69000 Display Driver H Tektronix JPS software H Windows NT Service Pack 5 H Intel EtherExpress PRO 100B PCI Adapter Dri...

Страница 93: ...en changed you must reset the boot options before you can restore the BIOS settings from the CD ROM To reset the boot options perform the following procedure H Reboot the RFA300A Measurement Set 8VSB...

Страница 94: ...tents of partition 1 only NT system and RFA300A applica tion use the following steps This restore process is effective only if the hard drive is still good The process should take less than 15 minutes...

Страница 95: ...the Easy Restore procedures are normally sufficient to restore Partitions 1 and 2 To create Partition 2 perform the following steps 1 From the Start menu select Program Administrative Tools and then D...

Страница 96: ...evices 8 Select Audio Device and click the Add button 9 Select Unlisted or UPdated Driver 10 Specify the E Drivers Essaudio directory as the driver location 11 Click OK to install the ES1879 1869 1878...

Страница 97: ...COM3 and COM4 are not present add them If COM2 is configured delete it 4 Configure COM1 as follows Input Output Range 3F8 03FF Interrupt Request 10 Bits per second 9600 Data bits 8 Parity None Stop b...

Страница 98: ...CD ROM from the drive and restart the system Make sure that the RFA300A System and Application Restore Media CD ROM is in the CD ROM drive 1 Copy e Drivers EtherExp to c Temp It is not possible to in...

Страница 99: ...the system 6 From the Start menu select Programs Touch and then TouchScreen Control 7 Click the Calibration button to perform calibration 8 Follow the instructions to calibrate the touch screen 9 Cli...

Страница 100: ...DAO30 by running e DAO30 Setup exe from the Start menu 3 Install the RFA300A Measurement Set 8VSB software as follows a From the Start menu run e RFA300A Setup exe b Click Next c Select Typical setup...

Страница 101: ...om the Start menu select Programs Administrative tools and then Event Viewer b From the Event Viewer Log menu select Log Settings c Select Overwrite events as needed for the Application System and Sec...

Страница 102: ...Appendix C System Recovery C 12 RFA300A Measurement Set 8VSB...

Страница 103: ...o be recognized The format of mask files is as follows H Lines are delimited with the newline character H Numbers on a line are comma delimited the newline character is typically generated with a carr...

Страница 104: ...e Formatting D 2 RFA300A Measurement Set 8VSB Table D 1 ResultID Values for Mask Tests Mask test ResultID Frequency Response 69 Group Delay 70 Phase Error 81 Phase Noise 77 Amplitude Error 80 Out of C...

Страница 105: ...plitude The measurement set plots the signals instantaneous amplitude error as a function of amplitude AutoScale Sets the scale factor for both axes to default values Bit Error Ratio BER The ratio of...

Страница 106: ...signal varies in amplitude 2 Constellation units 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 7 5 3 1 1 3 5 7 Frequency Response The variation of signal amplitude over a channel s frequency range Group Delay The relative time o...

Страница 107: ...easurement are held for later recall exporting or reporting Data in these files can also be used for further study or analysis by external applications The files are in Microsoft Access format Signal...

Страница 108: ...Glossary Glossary 4 RFA300A Measurement Set 8VSB...

Страница 109: ...onfigure the display C 7 Connections 1 16 Constellation unit definition Glossary 2 Contacting Tektronix x D Diagnostics descriptions B 3 extended 1 20 Display driver C 6 E Environmental characteristic...

Страница 110: ...one number Tektronix x Pilot Amplitude window 3 3 Portable installation 1 12 Power on procedure 1 17 Preventive maintenance B 1 cleaning B 1 compact disk drive B 2 display cleaning B 2 keyboard B 3 mo...

Страница 111: ...ontact information x Tektronix contacting x Touch screen 2 3 Touch screen driver C 9 Troubleshooting B 3 Tutorial 2 6 U URL Tektronix x User service general care B 1 preventive maintenance B 1 V Verif...

Страница 112: ...Index Index 4 RFA300A Measurement Set 8VSB...

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